L tnh

Ha tnh

Cacbon Mt s dng th hnh: Kim cng: tinh th trong sut, vt liu cng nht trong t nhin, dn nhit km, khng dn in. Than ch: tinh th xm en,mm, c nh kim, dn in kh tt. Fuleren: gm cc phn t C60, C70, cu trc hnh cu rng gm 32 mt vi 60 nh l 60 nguyn t C. Cacbon v nh hnh: than cc, than g, than xng, than mui, m hng to thng kh tr, to cao p vi nhiu cht. 1. Tnh kh: P vi O2 : C + O2 to cao hn
t CO2 o t CO2 + C 2CO o

Cacbon monooxit CO CTCT : C O CO l cht kh khng mu, khng mi, khng v, rt t tan trong nc, rt bn vi nhit v rt c.

Cacbon ioxit CO2 CTCT : O = C = O Kh khng mu, tan khng nhiu trong nc. tC thng, khi nn di 60atm kh CO2 s ha lng, khi lm lnh t ngt - 76C, kh CO2 ha thnh khi rn gi l nc kh- c tnh thng hoa, c dng to mi trng lnh, kh. 1. Tc dng vi cht c tnh kh mnh nh: Al, Mg, H2 ... o t CO2 + 2Mg 2MgO + C CO2 + H2
t CO + H2O o

H2CO3 v mui - Cc mui CO32- ca KLK (tr Li2CO3) v NH4+ u d tan, cn nhng kim loi khc u khng tan hoc t tan. - Cc mui HCO3- u d tan (tr NaHCO3 hi t tan), nhng km bn, d b phn hy khi un nng. 1. H2CO3 l axit rt yu v km bn, ch lm hi hng qu tm. 2. Mui cacbonat: p vi axit, Mui hirocacbonat: p vi axit, baz. 3.Nhit phn mui Ch c mui CO32- ca KLKim bn nhit, cc mui cacbonat v hirocacbonat khc u d b phn hy: o t MgCO3 MgO + CO2 2NaHCO3 Ca(HCO3)2
t Na2CO3 + CO2 o

P vi hp cht: o t C + 4HNO3 CO2 + 4NO2 + 2H2O

t 2Cu + CO2 o t 3C + 2KClO3 2KCl + 3CO2

Km hot ng nhit thng v hot ng hn khi un nng. Cht kh mnh - Chy (lm nhin liu kh) o t 2CO + O2 2CO2 - P vi Clo: o t CO + Cl2 COCl2 (photgen) - Kh nhiu oxit kim loi t cao:

C + 2CuO

2. Tnh oxi ha: P vi H2 : P vi KL:

t , xt CH4 o t 4Al + 3C Al4C3 o t Ca + 2C CaC2

C + 2H2

o t CO + Fe O 3CO2 + 2Fe
CO + CuO
2

Cu + CO2

2. L oxit axit: p vi baz, oxit baz, tan trong nc to dung dch axit cacbonic. CO2 + CaO CaCO3 CO2 + NaOH NaHCO3 CO2 + 2NaOH Na2CO3+H2O

ng dng

Kim cng: lm trang sc, ch to mi khoan, dao ct thy tinh. Than ch: lm in cc,bt chThan cc dng luyn kim.Than g lm thuc n, phoThan hot tnh lm mt n phng c Trong TN, kim cng v than ch l cacbon t do gn nh tinh khit. Ngoi ra, cacbon cn c trong cc khong vt canxit ( vi, phn, hoa), magiezit (MgCO3), olomit (CaCO3.MgCO3), cc m than v c trong du m, kh thin nhin . - Kim cng nhn to: t than ch bng cch nung than ch 2000C di p sut 50 -100 nghn atm vi xc tc st, crom hay niken. -Than ch nhn to: nung than cc 2500 -3000C trong l in khng c khng kh. -Than cc: nung than m khang 1000C trong l cc khng c khng kh. -Than g: t g trong iu kin thiu khng kh. o t , xt -Than mui: CH4 C + 2H2

- Kh mt s mui KL qu: o t PdCl2+H2O +CO Pd + 2HCl + CO2 Dng lm nhin liu kh

+ H2O CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O

CO2 dng sn xut nc ung c ga, sn xut nc kh dng bo qun thc phm. 1. Trong CN - t chy hon ton than. - Thu hi trong qu trnh chuyn ha kh thin nhin, nung vi, ln men ru 2. Trong PTN CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O

CaCO3 lm cht n cao su, Na2CO3 dng SX thy tinh, gm, bt git...NaHCO3 dng trong CN thc phm, thuc gim au d dy

Trng thi TN iu ch

1. Trong CN Kh than t: ~ 44% CO cho hi nc i qua than nung : 0 ~1050 C C + H2O CO + H2 Kh l gas ( kh than kh): ~ 25% CO, thi khng kh i qua than nung , phn di C chy thnh CO2, khi i qua than nung CO2 b kh thnh CO: o t CO2 + C 2CO 2. Trong PTN H 2 SO4 HCOOH CO + H2O