BI D THI Tm hiu 40 nm chin thng H Ni - in Bin Ph trn khng Cu 1: Bn hy nu bi cnh lch s din ra cuc tp kch ng khng chin lc bng

B.52 ca quc M ra min Bc thng 12 nm 1972. Tr li: Bi cnh lch s din ra cuc tp kch ng khng chin lc bng B.52 ca quc M ra min Bc cui nm 1972. Nm 1972, cuc chin tranh gii phng min Nam i vo giai on quyt nh trn c ba mt trn: qun s, chnh tr v ngoi giao ta u ginh thng li to ln. min Nam cuc tin cng chin lc Xun - H bt u t thng 3/1972 ca qun v dn ta, lm cho chin lc Vit Nam ha chin tranh ca M c nguy c sp hon ton. cu vn tnh th, ngy 6/4/1972, tng thng M Nc-Xn vi v ra lnh, huy ng lc lng ln khng qun v hi qun M khu vc ng Nam tin hnh cuc chin tranh ph hoi ln th hai i vi min Bc vi quy m to ln hn, tnh cht c lit, tn bo hn nhiu so vi cuc chin tranh ph hoi ln th nht t nm 1964 n 1968. Ngay t nhng ngy u thng 4/1972, M s dng my bay B.52 nh ph cc tnh min Bc, bao gm Qung Bnh, Ngh An, Thanh Ha, Hi Phng, Nic-Xn thch thc: Ch dng nm bom min Bc Vit Nam khi cng sn chm dt tin cng min Nam Vit Nam. B quc phng M tuyn b Khng c mc tiu cng nghip no min Bc loi tr. Nhng qun v dn min Bc chin u ngoan cng, dng cm, vt ln kh khn, c lit, lp nhiu cng ln, nh bi cc cuc nh ph ca khng qun M. Ch tnh t ngy 9/5/1972 n ngy 20/10/1972 ta bn ri 561 my bay cc loi, dit v bt sng nhiu gic li. C nhng trn thng ln nh trn ngy 10/5/1972 ton min Bc bn ri 18 my bay, ngy 27/6/1972 khng qun ta dit gn mt tp 4 chic F4 trn vng tri Sn La. n u thng 10/1972, cc din chin tranh Vit Nam c nhng din bin quan trng. min Nam qun v dn ta tip tc ginh thng li ln. M va phi tip tc trit thoi cc n v b binh va phi M ha tr li bng khng qun v Hi qun thc hin chin lc Vit Nam ha chin tranh, ngn chn cuc tin cng ca ta, cuc chin tranh ph hoi nhm ngn chn v phong ta ln th hai i vi min Bc khng t c mc tiu m gii cm quyn M mong mun. Chin tranh tip tc ko di, tc ng su sc n tnh hnh kinh t, chnh tr, x hi ca nc M, c bit l cuc bu c tng thng n gn, sc p ca chnh gii M v ca c tri c tc ng mnh m n ng li ca ng kim Tng thng Nic-Xn. Nhn loi tin b trn ton th gii kch lit ln n v i M chm dt chin tranh Vit Nam. Phong tro phn i chin tranh ngy cng ln cao nc M, buc nh trng phi tm li thot cho vn Vit Nam. Cuc m phn hi ngh 4 bn ti Pari ko di 4 nm m vn cha n hi kt thc. Trc cc sc p , Nic-Xn c Kt-Xinh-g n Pari ni li cuc thng lng. Ngy 8/10/1972 c vn c bit L c Th v Kit-xinh-g tin hnh hp kn phin th 19, trong ba ngy m phn (8,9,10 thng 10) phi on ta a ra d tho hip nh V chm dt chin tranh, lp li ha bnh Vit Nam. Pha M hp nhn bn hip nh ny.

Ngy 12/10/1972 Kt-xinh-g t Pari v M, nh c bn d tho hip nh v nhng gii php c th trong tay. Nic-Xn v Kt-Xinh-g tung tin la bp d lun Ha bnh trong tm tay, Chin tranh sp vn hi li ko tranh th c tri M trong bu c. Ngy 22/10/1972, Nic-Xn tuyn b ngng nm bom t v tuyn 20 tr ra. Song bn cht cc k phn ng v ngoan c, ngy 23/10 pha M tro tr, lt lng, dy da tr hon vic k kt Hip nh. Nic-Xn t nhin gi cng hm cho chnh ph ta ngh tm hon vic k kt v c trc trc ngy dnh dn, ln t ci thin th ng chn, vin tr t v kh cho qun ngy, chun b cho ngy quyn i vo gii php chnh tr trn th mnh. Tp trung ngn chn ngun chi vin ca ta t min Bc vo min Nam, chun b mt n mnh hng gy sc p buc ta phi nhn nhng cho M sa i cc iu khon ca hip nh tho lun. Vi , cng t ngy 23/10/1972 khng qun M tp chung lc lng nh ph quyt lit cc tuyn giao thng t nam v tuyn 20 tr vo. min Nam, M thc p qun ngy m cc cuc phn kch hng chim li cc vng ta va gii phng. Chng cn ngang ngc tin hnh cc chuyn bay trinh st ra pha Bc v tuyn 20 nhm khn trng chun b cho m mu en ti mi. Ngy 7/11/1972, Nic-Xn c ti c tng thng nhim k ln th hai. Sau khi thng c ng ta tip tc dy da khng k tt v k chnh thc vo bn Hip nh m cc bn tha thun, mun kt thc chin tranh bng sc mnh bom n. Thc hin mu en ti ca Nic-Xn, Lu nm gc b mt chun b mt k hoch tp kch ng khng chin lc bng B.52 vo H Ni, Hi Phng v mt s mc tiu quan trng trn min Bc. Cuc tp kch chin lc ny mang tn Lai-n-bch-c II (tm dch l Tin v hay Cu bng trc khung thnh) nhm nh hy dit, khng b lm t lit ch quyt chin quyt thng ca dn tc ta, buc ta phi khut phc v chp nhn nhng iu kin m chng a ra Hi ngh Pari. Sau mt thi gian hp i, hp li, M c tnh lt lng, i hi ta phi sa i nhng iu rt c bn trong hip nh nhng u b ta bc b. Ngy 13/12/1972 theo lnh ca Nic-Xn, Kt-Xinh-g tuyn b b hp v thi hn v ri Pari v M. Ngy 14/12/1972, Nh trng hp hi ng an ninh quc gia quyt nh tp kch ng khng nm bom chin lc hy dit H Ni, Hi Phng v cc mc tiu quan trng trn min Bc. Ngy 18/12/1972, Nh trng gi cng hm cho chnh ph ta ngh hp li Hi ngh Pari vo bt c lc no k t ngy 26/12, mt mt nhm nh la ta, mt khc chng hi vng ch sau vi ngy dng B.52 hy dit H Ni, buc ta phi chp thun theo iu kin ca M. Cuc tp kch ng khng chin lc quy m ln, ch yu bng my bay B.52 ca quc M i vi min Bc cui thng 12/1972 do di 12 ngy m, Tng thng Nic-Xn lnh cho ton b my bay chin lc B.52 (chim 50% tng s my bay chin lc B.52 ca ton nc M) v cc loi my bay chin thut khu vc ng Nam tin cng, trt xung min Bc nc ta mt khi lng bom n khng l, hng bp ch chin u ca qun v dn ta. Nhng qun v dn ta anh dng kin cng, mu tr dng cm nh tr mnh lit, p tan cuc tp kch ng khng chin lc ch yu bng my bay B.52 ca M, buc quc M phi k Hip nh Pari chm dt chin tranh xm lc Vit Nam, rt ht qun i M v nc.

Cu 2: m mu ca quc M trong cuc tp kch ng khng chin lc bng B.52 ra min Bc thng 12/1972? Tr li: m mu ca M trong cuc tp kch ng khng chin lc bng B.52 ra min Bc thng 12/1972: - Th nht: Nhm gy sc p buc ta phi ni li cuc m phn Pari, chp nhn theo sa i ca M. Trong cuc hp kn ngy 8/10/1972 bit th L-gi (Ca ng cng sn Php cho phi on ta mn lm ni hp ring vi M). Ta v M tha thun c bn v ni dung ca hip nh Chm dt chin tranh, lp li ha bnh Vit Nam do ta d tho vi 1 lch trnh cho vic k kt. Nhng tha thun l: + Ngy 18/10/1972: M chm dt nm bom trn b v ngng ri mn phong ta cc cng bin ca min Bc Vit Nam. + Ngy 20/10: L k tt gia c vn c bit L c Th v Kt-Xin-gi c tin hnh ti H Ni. + Ngy 26/10: L k chnh thc gia 4 bn tham chin ti Pari (4 bn gm: Chnh ph Vit Nam dn ch cng ha, Chnh ph cch mng lm thi Cng ha min Nam Vit Nam, Chnh ph Hoa K v Chnh ph Vit Nam Cng ha). + Ngy 27/10: Th tng Phm Vn ng nhn c th ca Tng thng NicXn khng nh: Hip nh coi nh hon tt, hy tin vo chng ti l c th k kt c hip nh nh thi gian biu tha thun. Sau khi cuc bu c tng thng thng 11/1972, Nic-Xn trng c. Kt-Xin-gi quay ngot 180 , gy rc ri cho hi ngh. i ta phi sa 69 iu trong nhng iu hai bn tha thun ca Hip nh. i min Bc cng rt qun, i min Nam l mt quc gia ring. Pha ta khng nghe th ti ta thiu thin ch. Trong cuc hp ngy 24/11 Kt-Xin-Gi hm da: Nu cc ng khng t ra bit iu, Tng thng chng ti buc s ra lnh ngng m phn v tip tc cc hnh ng qun s m hu qu s kh lng. Ngy 6/12 Kt-Xin- Gi li da dm: Nu cuc thng lng b tan v th chin tranh s tip din vi cng mnh hn. n lc cuc chin tranh s thay i tnh cht, cuc thng lng ny s thay i tnh cht. M s khng bn bc v hip nh ny na. Ngy 7/12, Nic-xn in cho Kit-xin-gi Chng ta s nm bom d di Bc Vit, nhng khng thng bo cho cng chng bit trc. Hip nh Pari b ph v. - Th hai, nh ph hy dit tim lc kinh t quc phng ca min Bc, hn ch s chi vin cho cch mng min Nam, lm gim th v lc ca ta so vi ngy qun, ngy quyn Si Gn. + Trc thng 12: M tp chung dng B.52 v cc loi my bay chin thut nh ph Khu 4. + Nic-Xn tuyn b: a B.52 nm bom H Ni, Hi Phng dng sc mnh hy dit ca B.52 lm p lc buc H Ni phi qu gi. - Th ba, e da phong tro u tranh ca nhn dn th gii.

+ C mt thc t khi M tuyn b s dng B.52 tin hnh cuc tp kch chin lc ng khng i vi min Bc nc ta th c nhiu bn b , nhiu nc trn th gii khuyn ta chp thun nhng iu khon m M a ra. + Trung Quc c biu hin trc tip lo s cuc tp kch ca M v c tha thun ngm gia Nic-Xn v Mao Trch ng. Cu 3: Ti c ca quc M gy ra cho qun v dn min Bc trong chin dch H Ni, in Bin Ph trn khng, thng 12/1972. Tr li: Trc ht l phi ni n s bt ngha ca ti c t nhng k cm u nh trng. Nc-Xn tng tuyn b nm 1968 Ngi Bc Vit Nam cn phi hiu l Nic-Xn y sn sng lm bt c vic g chm dt chin tranh... hy ng lm cho ti ni gin v nn nh rng tay ti ang t trn nt phng tn la ht nhn... nu khng, trong vng hai hm H Ch Minh phi c mt Pari cu xin ha bnh v iu phn bit ca ti vi Gin-Xn l ti c gan dng sc mnh ca con bi B.52. Trong hi k ca mnh, Nic-Xn cng vit: Ti ch thn ra lnh tin hnh cuc nm bom ln nht xung cc mc tiu H Ni, Hi Phng vo m 26/12. Ni nh i vn ho Ta-go ca n ngi m c ch tch H Ch Minh ca ngi l: i vn ho m c th gii phi knh trng th: Con ngi mt khi tr thnh th th cn c hn loi th- Nic-Xn c coi l: Ngi th nh th khi quyt nh tin cng ng khng thng 12/1972 i vi nc ta. Bo ch hi lin tip ph phn Tng thng Nic-Xn y l mt hnh ng khng b v o lm hoen nc M hoc Tng thng l mt bo cha ln cn in. Ch trong 12 ngy m, M s dng 663 ln chic B.52 v 3920 ln chic my bay chin thut nm bom xung H Ni, Hi Phng v mt s ni trn min Bc nc ta hn 100 ngn tn bom n. Ring H Ni, 441 ln chic B.52 cng nhiu my bay chin thut nm hn 10 ngn tn bom (tng ng hai qu bom nguyn t m M nm xung hai thnh ph ca Nht Bn). Nic-Xn mun bin H Ni thnh Hi-r-xi-ma, Na-ga-sa-ki khng cn bom nguyn t. Chng hy dit nhiu khu ph, lng mc, ph sp 5480 ngi nh, gn 100 nh my, x nghip, trng hc, bnh vin, nh ga, git cht 2368 dn thng, lm b thng 1355 ngi khc. Ring m 26/12, sau mt m ngh N-en, t 21h44 pht, M huy ng 105 ln chic B.52 v 90 my bay chin thut cng mt lc nh vo 3 khu vc H Ni, Hi Phng, Thi Nguyn nhm m bo mt bom ln hn mt phng khng hng gy sc p qu ti lm ri lon h thng phng khng ca ta. H Ni, ch tp chung 66 ln chic B.52 nh ph d man nhiu khu vc... cng lc 21 ln chic B.52 nh ph nh my xi mng, xng du Hi Phng, 18 ln chic nh ph ga Lu X, Thi Nguyn y l mc huy ng cao nht s lng B52 trong t tp kch ng khng chin lc ny. Ph Khm Thin, mt khu vc c mt dn s ng nht H Ni b mt lot B.52 tn ph c chiu di hng km, gn 2000 ngi nh, n cha, trng hc , trm x b ph sp, 287 ngi cht, 290 ngi b thng, c gia nh 06 ngi ngi

trong hm cht toan b. Cng vi Khm Thin B.52 cn gii xung hn 100 im dn c trong thnh ph lm hn 1000 b thng vong. Cu 4: Bn cho bit din bin chin dch H Ni in Bin Ph trn khng thng 12/1972? n v tn la no phng qu n u tin m mn chin dch v n v nh trn cui cng kt thc chin dch? Thi gian? Tr li: Din bin cuc tp kch ng khng chin lc thng 12/1972 - Nhng ngy gia thng chp nm 1972, tnh hnh din bin rt khn trng, si ng. Ngy 13 thng 12, do thi ngoan c, lt lng ca chnh quyn M, Kit xinh Gi, c vn c bit ca tng thng M tuyn b nh ch v thi hn Hi ngh Pari v Vit Nam. - Ngy 17 - 12, Nch xn chnh thc ra lnh m cuc tin cng bng khng qun vo H Ni v Hi Phng. Chin dch mang tn Lainbchc II. V pha ta chun b sn sng. B Tng Tham mu ra lnh cho Qun chng Phng khng - Khng qun chuyn vo trng thi sn sng chin u cao nht, phng B 52 nh t v tuyn 20 tr ra. - 10g 30 pht, B t lnh Qun chng Phng khng - Khng qun trc tip ch th cho cc n v ton qun chng, c bit l hai khu vc H Ni - Hi Phng: "Tnh hnh rt khn trng, cc n v cn thc s chun b cho b i sn sng chin u, c k hoch tip t n cho tn la, bo m v kh trang b sn sng chin u vi h s k thut cao nht; thng tin lin lc phi thng xuyn thng sut; t chc bo ng kim tra cc n v". - Ton Qun chng Phng khng - Khng qun cng qun v dn min Bc lm tt cng tc chun b, sn sng chin u, quyt nh bi cuc tp kch ng khng chin lc bng B- 52 ca M nu chng liu lnh leo thang ra nh ph H Ni, Hi Phng. Ngy 18 - 12 - 1972 - Sng 18 - 12, B Tng Tham mu in cho cc n v: cn phng ch dng B- 52 nh ph cc mc tiu trng im. Cc binh chng pho cao x, tn la, radda, khng qun, pho binh sn sng chin u kp thi nh tr my bay, tu chin ch. T chc quan st, bo ng, c k hoch s tn o hm ho, phi hp vi cng an v nhn dn lm tt cng tc bo v an ninh, bo v ti sn... - Ph Th tng cng in cho cc B v c quan: ch c th nm bom H Ni - Hi Phng cn thc hin tt k hoch s tn ca thnh ph - 10 gi 15 pht, mt chic my bay trinh st khng ngi li ca ch bay t hng Ty Bc vo trinh st H Ni. Cc n v ra a pht hin bo co v Tng trm radda v s ch huy Qun chng Phng Khng. - 16 gi 30 pht B Tng Tham mu thng bo cho Qun chng Phng khng - Khng qun v B T lnh Th : S c t hot ng ln ca my bay chin lc B - 52 ra min Bc. - 19 gi 10 pht, cc i ra a cnh gii ca ca binh chng raa bo co v s ch huy trung tm: "B- 52 ang bay vo hng H Ni". - 19 gi 25 pht, khng qun ta c lnh ct cnh n nh cc tp my bay chin thut M (F4, F8, F 111, A6, A7...). Cng lc Tam o, Vit Tr, cc i

quan st dn dp bo v S ch huy trung tm: My bay F111 nm bom sn bay Ni Bi, Kp... S ch huy B T lnh Th ra lnh bo ng ton thnh ph. Lp tc, ci bo ng t Nh ht Ln, Qung trng Ba nh, ga Hng C v nhiu ni ni v ngoi thnh ni ln khn cp. - T - 19 gi 20 pht n 20 gi 18 pht, nhiu tp my bay B- 52 (mi tp 3 chic) lin tip di bom xung khu vc sn bay Ni Bi, ng Anh, Yn Vin, Gia Lm... Cuc chin u c lit ca lc lng phng khng ba th qun bo v H Ni bt u, m u chin dch 12 ngy m "H Ni in Bin Ph trn khng". - 20 gi 18 pht, tiu on 59 trung on tn la phng khng 261 do tiu on trng Nguyn Thng ch huy phng 2 qu n t c ly thch hp h ngay 1 my bay B- 52 ( my bay ri xung cnh ng thuc Ph L v ng Xun, gia tnh Vnh Ph v H Ni, cch trn a gn 10 km). y l chic my bay B- 52- G u tin b bn ri ti ch trn bu tri H Ni. - 20 gi 16 pht, tiu on tn la 52, trung on 267, s on phng khng 365 t mt trn a Ngh An bn b thng nng 1 my bay B- 52 khi chng va gy ti c H Ni v, buc phi h cnh bt buc xung sn bay Nng. - m 18 - 12, M huy ng 90 ln chic B- 52 nm 3 t bom xung Th H Ni. Xen k cc t nh ph ca B- 52 c 8 ln chic F 111 v 127 ln chic my bay cng kch, bn ph cc khu vc ni, ngoi thnh. Trong m u tin M nm khong 6.600 qu bom xung 135 a im thuc Th H Ni. 85 khu vc dn c b trng bom lm cht 300 ngi. Ngy v m 19 - 12 - 1972: Sau cuc chin u ngy 18 - 12 cc lc lng chin u kp thi rt kinh nghim v h quyt tm nh mnh hn na lp thnh tch cho mng ngy ton quc khng chin 19 - 12. - 4 gi 30 pht rng sng ngy 19 - 12, ch nm bom t th 3 vo cc khu vc i pht thanh Ting ni Vit Nam (M Tr), x Nhn Chnh, nh my Cao su Sao Vng... Cc trn a tn la, pho phng khng vi cc n v dn qun t v Th bn hng ngn vin n cc loi tiu dit mt my bay F4. - Cng thi gian ny, Tiu on 77 Trung on Tn la 257 nh mt trn tht xut sc, bn ri ti ch mt my bay B- 52 D. - Sng 19 - 12, B Chnh tr hp biu dng cc lc lng phng khng chin u dng cm, ng thi ch th cc n v cn nng cao tinh thn cnh gic, trnh ch quan tha mn, chun b y hn na chin u lin tc, bn ri nhiu my bay B- 52. - Tng tham mu trng ch th: B i tn la m chin u, ngy ngu trang s tn. B i raa phi thng xuyn theo di ch, qun l vng chc vng tri c ngy v m. B i pho phng khng thng xuyn sn sng chin u cao v nh thng ch. - m 18 rng ngy 19 - 12, i tng V Nguyn Gip, B trng B Quc Phng, Tng T lnh Qun i nhn dn Vit Nam n ngay mt s n v phng khng - khng qun v khu vc ng Anh, Yn Vin ni va b B- 52 ca gic M nm bom, ng vin thm hi b i v nhn dn Th .

- Nhiu nc trn th gii ra tuyn b hoc in ti Tng thng M yu cu chm dt hnh ng dng my bay B- 52 nm bom tn ph c lit H Ni, Hi Phng v min Bc Vit Nam. - 19 gi 45 pht ngy 19 n 5 gi 20 pht ngy 20 - 12, my bay B- 52 tip tc nm bom H Ni, Hi Phng. Ring H Ni 87 ln chic B- 52 v hn 200 ln chic my bay cng kch nm 3 t bom xung 68 im thuc ni ngoi thnh. - Sau 2 m u chin u tuy qun dn ta ginh thng li, nhng lc lng phng khng bo v th cng gp kh khn. Nhiu trn a b trng bom. C s n tiu thu qu mc. Trn a pho 100mm ca t v ng a bn ht n, nhiu tiu on tn la n d tr cn t. Ngy 20 - 12 - 1972: - 11gi 45 pht, B Tng t lnh in cho cc n v: "Chiu v m nay ch s nh ln bng my bay B- 52 v my bay cng kch vo th H Ni". - 19 gi ngy 20 n sng 21 - 12, ch huy ng 78 ln chic B- 52 nm bom H Ni v hn 100 ln chic my bay cng kch cc loi vo nh ph ni, ngoi thnh H Ni. B i raa pht hin nhanh, xa, ng, , kp thi, mc cho cc loi my bay ch pht nhiu dy c. - Khi B- 52 ch cch H Ni 80 km, trc ban trng S ch huy phng khng ng cu dao, ni ci bo ng ton thnh ph sn sng chin u. - 20 gi 05 pht n 20 gi 7 pht, trn nh xut sc trong 2 pht t c ly 22 km vi 2 qu n, tiu on 93, trung on tn la 261 bn chy 1 my bay B- 52 ri ti ch khu vc ga Yn Vin, cch H Ni hn 10 km. - 20 gi 34 pht, bng cch nh "mi", tiu on 77, trung on tn la 257 bn ri chic B- 52 th 2 ngoi thnh. - 20 gi 29 pht n 20 gi 38 pht, 3 tiu on tn la (78, 79, 94) tp trung ho lc bn ri ti ch chic B- 52 th 3. - Trong t chin u ny, cc i i pho 100ly ca dn qun t v th hip ng cht ch vi b i tn la cao x 57 mm, 14,5 mm, 12, 7 mm bng nhiu phng php bn cn (bn n), bn theo ting ng... bo v vng chc cho cc trn a tn la v cc mc tiu quan trng khu vc ni, ngoi thnh H Ni. - m 20 rng ngy 21 - 12 b i tn la phng khng bo v H Ni thc hin trn nh xut sc, ch 35 qu n bn ri 7 chic B- 52, c 5 chic ri ti ch. Tiu biu l trn nh lc 5 gi 2 pht n 5 gi 11 pht cc tiu on (57, 77, 79) ch trong 9 pht vi 6 qu n bn ri 4 chic B - 52 (3 chic ri ti ch). Ring tiu on 57 vi 2 qu n cui cng trong 2 pht (t 5 gi 9 pht n 5 gi 11 pht) bn ri 2 my bay B - 52 (1 chic ri ti ch). - Cng ngy, i tng Tng T lnh V Nguyn Gip trc tip gi in thoi xung cc s on biu dng b i Phng khng H Ni va qua nh tt, xng ng vi lng tin cy ca ng, ca nhn dn. Cui cng, i tng ni: ''C nc ang hng v. Ton th gii ang hng v H Ni. Tng gi, tng pht, B Chnh tr v Qun y Trung ng theo di cht ch cuc chin u ca H Ni. Vn mnh ca T quc ang nm trong tay cc chin s phng khng bo v H Ni'' Ngy 21 - 12 - 1972: Ti Th H Ni v thnh ph cng Hi Phng chin s vn din ra c lit.

- Ban ngy, 180 ln chic my bay chin thut ca khng qun v hi qun M nh ph cc mc tiu trng yu: Ga Hng C v S cng an (H Ni), nh my in Yn Ph, B Giao thng, cu Ph L v 6 t nh vo khu vc th x Thanh Ha. - T 11 gi 15 pht n 12 gi 24 pht, ch cho 2 ln chic my bay trinh st H Ni v ng s 1 Bc, nhm thm d lc lng ca ta v chun b cho t tp kch tip theo. - 21 gi 37 pht m, rng sng 22, ch huy ng 24 ln chic my bay B - 52 v 36 ln chic my bay chin thut h tng vo nh sn bay v bnh vin Bch Mai, Gip Bt, Vn in... Ngoi ra, 30 ln chic F4, F105 vo nh ph cc khu vc Bc Giang, ga Kp, sn bay Yn Bi, cng Hi Phng, Ct Bi v An Lo (Kin An). Pht huy kh th chin thng ca 3 ngy m trc qun v dn ta bn ri 11 my bay, trong bn ri ti ch 3 B- 52, 2 F4, 2 A7, 1 F111, 1 A6, 1 RA50, 1 F105... Ngy 22 - 12 - 1972 - 2 gi 38 pht sng 22 - 12, b i raa pht hin chnh xc cc tp B - 52 v my bay chin thut M hng Ty Nam. Ln ny ch s dng 24 chic B- 52 v 36 my bay chin thut vo nh ph sn bay, bnh vin Bch Mai, ga Gip Bt, Gia Lm, Vn in... v cc trn a tn la, 18 ln chic F 111 hot ng xen k cao thp nhm bt ng nh ph vo cc mc tiu trinh st. - 3 gi 42 pht, cc kp chin u ca tiu on 57 b i phng khng H Ni bnh tnh, dng cm vn dng kinh nghim chin u ca cc m trc, ng lot n sng bn ri ti ch 1 my bay B- 52 ch Bn, M c, H Ty. Cng thi im ny, tiu on 71 bn ri ti ch 1 my bay B- 52 Thanh Min- Hi Hng. - 3 gi 46 pht, tiu on tn la 93 li bn ri 1 chic B- 52 khu vc Qunh Ci, Thi Bnh. - Ban ngy, 56 ln chic my bay chin thut ca khng qun M nh ph cc mc tiu: Ga Kp, th x Bc Giang, thnh ph Vit Tr, th trn Vnh Yn. Ban m, 24 ln chic B- 52 c 30 chic my bay chin thut h tng, 9F - 111 tp trung nh khu vc Hi Phng gm S Du, nh my xi mng, khu An Dng, ng Anh (H Ni), Ho Lc, p Cu... Qun v dn ta bn ri 5 my bay, trong bn ri ti ch 3 B- 52, 1 F4. 21, 22 - 12, ti trn a Vn n (H Ni), cc chin s t v nh my Lin C H Ni bng 19 vin n 14,5 ly ngay lot n u bn ri 1 my bay F 111 "cnh cp cnh xe" ca M. - Nhn k nim ngy thnh lp qun i, 22 - 12, B Tng T lnh gi th khen b i tn la, cao x, khng qun, ra a, b i a phng v dn qun t v, ng bo v cn b Th chin u gii, nh nhng trn xut sc tiu dit nhiu my bay M. Ngy 23 - 12 - 1972: - Ban ngy, 54 ln chic my bay chin thut ca khng qun M nh ph cc khu vc ngoi thnh H Ni. Mai Dch, Trm Tri, Hoi c ( H Ty ). Ban m 33 chic B-52 nh ng M ( Lng Sn ) v khu vc Bc Giang; 30 chic my bay F4 v F105, 11 my bay F111 nh vo Yn Vin, Gip Bt, a Phc v cc sn bay

Ni Bi, Yn Bi. Hng bin, c 7 my bay chin thut ca Hi qun M vo nh Ung B, Ph Rng, S Du v sn bay Kin An ( Hi Phng ). Ta bn 4 my bay trong c 2 B- 52, 1 F4, 1 A7. - y ban Thng v Quc hi tuyn dng cng trng qun dn min Bc v cn b, chin s thuc Qun chng Phng khng - Khng qun. U ban Thng v Quc hi c bit tuyn dng cng trng ca qun v dn H Ni chin u oanh lit, ginh thng li to ln, bn ri ti ch chic B- 52. Ngy 24 - 12 - 1972 - Ban ngy, ch huy ng 44 ln chic my bay chin thut nh ph khu vc Thi Nguyn (Cao Ngn v dc ng s 1), Sen H, Vit Yn (H Bc). - Ban m, t 19 gi 50 pht, ch dng 33 ln chic B- 52 nh ph c lit ga Kp, Bc Giang, phi hp vi 39 ln chic my bay chin thut ym h nh ph cc sn bay Yn Bi, ga Kp v khu vc Vnh Tuy (H Ni). Qun v dn min Bc chin u gii bn ri 5 chic my bay - trong c 1 B- 52, 2 F4, 2 A7. - Do b tht bi nng n v ly c ngh l Nen, 24 gi ngy 24 - 12, ch tm ngng cuc tp kch cng c lc lng, n nh tinh thn bn gic li, rt kinh nghim tm th on v cch nh mi. Ngy 25 - 12 - 1972 - T 0 gi ngy 25 - 12 - 1972, khng qun ch ngng nm bom min Bc nhn dp l Noen. - Sng 25, B T lnh Qun chng Phng khng - Khng qun triu tp Hi ngh qun chnh t chc rt kinh nghim chin u giai on 1 v ph bin tnh hnh nhim v giai on ti. - Qua 7 ngy chin u ngoan cng dng cm, b i tn la, pho phng khng hip ng chin u cht ch cng b i raa, khng qun v cc lc lng phng khng ba th qun bn ri 53 my bay ch, c 18 B- 52, 5 F111. Trong Qun chng Phng khng - Khng qun bn ri 31 chic (tn la bn ri 23 chic c 17 chic B - 52, khng qun bn ri 1 chic F4, Pho phng khng bn ri 7 chic). Lc lng phng khng a phng, dn qun t v bn ri 22 chic, trong c 4 chic F 111 v pho 100 ly c cng nhn bn ri 1 chic B- 52. - B Chnh tr, Qun u Trung ng nhn nh: ch s nh ph tr li H Ni c lit hn, qun v dn Th H Ni cn gp rt chun b tt lc lng nh ch trong nhng ngy ti. - 15 gi 25 pht ngy 25 - 12, B Tng Tham mu lnh cho Qun chng Phng khng - Khng qun t 19 gi ngy 25 - 12 - 1972, tt c b i, v kh, kh ti tn la phi sn sng chin u 100%. B i, raa phi phn bit chnh xc mc tiu tht, gi v thng bo kp thi B- 52 ch, ch my bay bay thp. Cc loi pho, sng my phng khng t chc b tr n lng tp trung nh tiu dit F 111 v bo v tn la; pho 100 milimet tham gia nh B- 52. Ngy 26 - 12 - 1972:

- 13 gi ngy 26, ch s dng 56 ln chic my bay cng kch cc loi vo nm bom d di cc khu vc trn a tn la v trm bin th ng Anh. Tiu on tn la 72, trung on 285 bn ri 1 my bay F4. - T 22 gi 05 pht ngy 26 - 12, ch s dng 105 ln chic B- 52 v 110 ln chic my bay chin thut h tng nh t, lin tc vo nhiu mc tiu trn c 3 khu vc H Ni, Hi Phng v Thi Nguyn (M tp trung 66 ln chic B- 52 vo nh ph H Ni, 21 ln chic B- 52 nh Thi Nguyn v 18 ln chic B- 52 nh Hi Phng). - 22 gi 40 pht , my bay B- 52 t n nm bom ri thm d di vo tt c cc mc tiu ni, ngoi thnh H Ni. Khu ph Khm Thin v Khu Hai B Trng b tn ph nng n gy kh khn nhiu nht cho nhn dn ta. - T cc trn a khu vc ngoi thnh, ba tiu on tn la (57, 76, 88) tp trung bn ri 1 my bay B- 52. Sau t pht cc tiu on (57, 58, 79, 85, 87, 94) lp tc bn ri ti ch 2 my bay B- 52, mt chic ri xung x nh Cng (Thanh Tr). - Vi kinh nghim dy dn, cc tiu on tn la Phng khng (59, 93, 78, 79) phn tch chnh xc, mc tiu B- 52 trong di nhiu, bn ri thm 2 chic B- 52. - Cng thi gian ny ti Hi Phng, tiu on tn la 81 vn dng tt phng php iu khin v bm st mc tiu trong di nhiu, bn ri 1 my bay B52 ngay trn t cng. i i 74 pho 100 milimt, trung on 252 cng bn ri 1 B- 52. - Trn chin u m 26 - 12 din ra hn mt gi, lc lng phng khng 3 th qun ca H Ni, Hi Phng, Thi Nguyn nh mt trn tiu dit ln, bn ri 8 my bay B- 52, ring H Ni Bn ri 5 chic, c 4 chic ri ti ch v 10 my bay chin thut khc. y l trn nh then cht quyt nh bn ri nhiu my bay chin lc B- 52 nht trong 9 ngy qua. Trn nh lm suy sp tinh thn v ch ca Nh Trng. Lu Nm gc v bn gic li M. Ngy 27 - 12 - 1972: - Sng ngy 27 - 12, ch in cung cho 100 ln chic my bay chin thut chia lm 3 t nh ph d di vo cc khu vc ni, ngoi thnh H Ni nh nh my dt 8 - 3, ga v kho Vn in, cu ung, Gia Lm, i pht thanh M Tr, cc trn a tn la, raa... Pho phng khng cc loi ca qun dn Th pht huy ho lc, nh tr mnh lit trn tt c cc hng. i i 61 tiu on 20 bn ri 1 my bay F4. Cng ngy 27, khng qun ta ct cnh hai ln bn ri 2 chic my bay F4 ca M. - T 19 gi n 22 gi ngy 27 - 12, ch tng cng huy ng 36 ln chic my bay B- 52, c 66 ln chic my bay chin thut ym h, tp trung nh ph cc khu vc: ng Anh, Yn Vin, Bch Mai, Khuyn Lng, a Phc, Dc Ni, C Loa; Xen k gia cc t hot ng ca B- 52 ch dng 17 ln chic F 111 tip tc thay nhau nh ph, gy nhiu ti c i vi nhn dn ta. - 22 gi 20 pht ngy 27 - 12, B T lnh Khng qun cho ng ch Phm Tun li my bay MIG- 21 ct cnh bt ng t sn bay Yn Bi c S ch huy v raa dn ng trc tip bo m, vt qua hng ro bo v ca my bay F4 tin v hng i hnh B- 52. n bu tri khu vc Mc Chu- Sn La anh tip cn c

mc tiu, cng kch bng 2 qu tn la. Mt chm la bc chy trm ln chic B- 52 th 2. y l chic B- 52 u tin b b i khng qun ta bn ri trong chin dich 12 ngy m "in Bin Ph trn khng". - Ngay trong m 27 - 12, i tng V Nguyn Gip, U vin B Chnh tr Trung ng ng, B th Qun u Trung ng, B trng B Quc phng in khen b i khng qun lp cng xut sc, bn ri my bay chin lc B- 52 ca M. - 23 gi ngy 27 - 12, b i tn la bo v H Ni nh tr quyt lit tp B52. Bng 32 qu n, cc n v tn la phng khng ca ta bn tan xc 4 my bay B- 52 trong c 2 chic my bay ri ti ch. - 23 gi 02 pht ngy 27 - 12, hai tiu on tn la (71, 72) bn tiu dit tp my bay B- 52 t hng Ty lao vo nh ph H Ni. Bng 2 qu n theo phng php bm chnh xc vo gia nn di nhiu m, chic B- 52 cha kp ct bom b trng n bc chy ri xung lng Ngc H, ng Hong Hoa Thm (H Ni). y l chic B- 52 duy nht cha kp ct bom b bn ri. Trong tiu on 59 v tiu on 77 cng bn ri 2 chic my bay B- 52 lc 23 gi 04 pht v 24 gi 06 pht ngy 27 - 12. Trong ngy v m qun dn min Bc bn ri 14 my bay trong c 5 B52 (2 B- 52 ri ti ch), 5 F4, 2 A7, 1 A6, 1 my bay ln thng HH- 53 n cu gic li. Ngy 28 - 12 - 1972: - T 10 gi n 17 gi ngy 28 thng 12, ch huy ng 131 ln chic my bay chin thut cc loi nh vo trn a ca b i Phng khng - Khng qun khu vc ni, ngoi thnh. Qun v dn Th nh tr quyt lit. Khng qun ta ct cnh nh mt trn xut sc bn ri 1 my bay RA- 5C. - Cng ngy B Tng Tham mu thng bo: Tng thng M Nchxn phi chp thun ni li cc phin hp Hi ngh Pari. Chnh ph ta chp nhn. - Ti 28 - 12, Trung on 274 c lnh c ng tng cng ra Th H Ni. Nhng qu n tn la t Qun khu 4 c chuyn ra chi vin nhanh chng cho mt trn H Ni. - T 20 gi n 22 gi, ch s dng khong 60 ln chic my bay chin lc B- 52 nh ph khu vc ng Anh, a Phc, Cu ung, Yn Vin, Gia Lm. - 21 gi 41 pht, phi cng V Xun Thiu c lnh ca S ch huy Khng qun, li chic my bay MIG 21 ct cnh t sn bay Cm Thu, do S ch huy sn bay Th Xun v raa dn ng vng ra pha sau i hnh B- 52 ui ch n vng tri Sn La. Pht hin c B- 52 bm st c ly gn, V Xun Thiu xin cng kch, quyt tiu dit ch. Sau khi bn chy my bay ch, V Xun Thiu cng anh dng hy sinh. - Trn nh ngy v m 28 - 12, qun v dn ta bn ri 3 my bay M. Trong c 2 B- 52, 1 RA- 5C. Ngy 29 - 12 - 1972 - Ban ngy, ch s dng 36 chic my bay ca khng qun chin thut M nh ph nh my in Cao Ngn, ng H v khu vc cy s 4 Bc Thi Nguyn.

- 23 gi 16 pht, ch huy ng 60 ln chic B- 52 nh vo 3 khu vc: 30 B52 nh khu gang thp Thi Nguyn v khu Tri Cau, 18 B- 52 nh khu vc ng M (Lng Sn), 12 B- 52 nh Kim Anh (Vnh Ph). Ngoi ra 70 ln chic my bay chin thut ca khng qun v hi qun M nh xen k cc sn bay Th Xun, Yn Bi, Ho Lc, Kp v khu vc Kim Anh (Vnh Ph), , ng Anh (H Ni), ngoi vi Thnh ph Hi Phng v Qung Ninh. Ta bn ri 2 my bay, trong Tiu on tn la 79 bo v H Ni chin u anh dng bn ri 1 my bay B- 52, 1 my bay F4. y l trn nh kt thc chin dch 12 ngy m "in Bin Ph trn khng" bo v Th H Ni cui thng chp nm 1972. - 7 gi sng ngy 30 - 12, Nchxn buc phi ngng nm bom t v tuyn 20 tr ra v hp li Hi ngh Pari v Vit Nam. Cuc tp kch chin lc quy m ln bng my bay B- 52 ca M vo H Ni, Hi Phng ko di 12 ngy, m b tht bi hon ton. Trong 12 ngy m "in Bin Ph trn khng" qun v dn ta bn ri 81 my bay cc loi, trong c 34 my bay B- 52, 5 my bay F 111 v 42 my bay chin thut khc. Cu 5: Bn cho bit nguyn nhn dn n thng li ca chin dch H Ni in Bin Ph trn khng thng 12/1972 ? Tr li: Di s lnh o ca ng, truyn thng yu nc, tr bt khut kin cng ca dn tc c bc pht trin v cht khi c trang b thm th gii quan v nhn sinh quan ca ch ngha Mac-LeeNin, Ch tch H Ch Minh v ng ta bit pht huy sc mnh on kt ton dn tc vi sc mnh thi i pht ng ton dn tin hnh mt cuc chin tranh t i khng cha tng c trong lch s chin tranh th gii. Nic-Xn v Lu nm gc vi b my chin tranh tinh vi, hin i vo hng s 1 th gii khng th hiu ni mt t nc ton dn tham gia nh gic, gi, tr, gi, trai u tham gia bn my bay, va sn xut, va chin u, tip tc xy dng CNXH min Bc trong hon cnh chin tranh lm trn ngha v hu phng ln chi vin cho min Nam v cc nc bn Lo, Campuchia. Vi ng li tin hnh chin tranh nhn dn ng n, sng to ca ng pht huy sc mnh ca ton dn nh gic, vi sc mnh chng ta c th chin thng mi th bom n ca k th. M khng th ng c l nhng v kh tin cng cng ngh cao ca h li b nh bi bi cc v kh, my bay km hin i hn, hu ht cc v kh phng khng v tn la c sn xut t i chin th gii th hai. Vi ngh thut tc chin v cch nh sng to, qun v dn ta nh bi cuc tp kch ng khng quy m ln ca M lm ln chin thng in Bin Ph trn khng c mt khng hai trong lch s, c th gii nh gi l thng li m trc ht l nhn dn, l sc mnh chin u ca nhn dn. Nhiu hc gi M v phng ty ch trch gay gt s non km, ngo mn trong ng li chin tranh xm lc ca chnh quyn Nic-Xn, da vo sc mnh ca v kh, coi v kh l yu t quyt nh sc mnh ginh chin thng trong chin tranh. Gio s lch s qun s Hc vin ch huy tham mu khng qun M E.Tinpho, ngi trc tip tham gia chin tranh Vit Nam, vit cun Gi ngang- nhng

iu khng th thiu v mt vn ha ca chin tranh ng khng, ng vit: Cuc chin tranh ca M tht bi t lu. N tht bi v i phng ra chin tranh qun s gii hn, coi nh mt hin tng vn ha kt hp cht ch cc mt x hi, kinh t, chnh tr ngoi giao cng nh qun s...Chin lc ha hp gia lch s v vn ha Vit Nam loi b nhng li th v lm t lit khng lc- sc mnh to ln nht ca M Cu 6: Bn cho bit cu ni sau y ca Bc H ni u? Vi ai? Thi gian no? Tr li: - d quc M c lm sng nhiu tin, d c B.57, B.52 hay B g i na ta cng nh. Tng y my bay, tng y qun M ch nhiu hn na ta cng nh. M nh nht nh thng bc H ni Tam o vi Trung on 234 (on Pho cao x) vo ngy 19/7/1965. - Sm mun ri quc M cng s a B.52 ra nh H Ni ri c thua mi chu thua. Phi d kin trc tnh hung ny cang sm cng tt, c thi gian m suy ngh chun b ... Vit Nam M s nht nh thua, nhng ch thua sau khi thua trn bu tri H Ni. Mt ngy u ma xun 1968, Bc H gi ng ch Phng Th Ti Ph tng tham mu trng QNDVN v ng ch ng Tnh- Chnh y kim T Lnh QCPKKQ n bo co tnh hnh v Bc ni li tin Tri ny. Cu 7: Bn c bit trong chin dch H Ni- in Bin Ph trn khng thng 12/1972: - n v Ra a no pht hin c my bay B.52 u tin? Vo thi gian no? - n v Tn La no Bn ri my bay B.52 u tin? n v Tn La no Bn ri my bay B52 nhiu nht? S lng? Tr li: - n v ra a pht hin c my bay B.52 u tin l i i 45 ca trung on 291 (ca on ra a Ba B) vo lc 19 gi 45 pht ngy 1812/1972. - n v Tn La no Bn ri my bay B52 u tin l Tiu on 59- Trung on 261 (Ph L - Sc Sn H Ni). n v Tn la Phng khng l lc lng ch yu nh B.52 trong chin dch 12 ngy m. Tuy lc lng Tn La min Bc c hn nhng \c tp trung b tr nhng hng ch yu quan trng. Ring khu vc H Ni b tr ti 50% lc lng. Khi bit r ch ch yu dng B.52 nh m, ta dng pho phng khng v khng qun tim kch tp trung nh vo ban ngy nhm bo v cc trn a Tn la. Cc trn a tn la c u tin ch yu nh vo ban m. Ngay m 18/12 khi m bt u m chin dch tp kch ng khng, cc n v tn la nh trn m mn chin dch v d nh trng i hnh B.52, lp cng xut sc. V lin tip c chin dch b i tn la bn ri 29 chic B.52 trong tng s 34 chic b qun v dn ta bn ri, c 16 chic ri ti ch. Bn ri B.52 nhiu nht l Tiu on 77- Trung on 257 v Tiu on 93- Trung on 261. S lng mi n v bn ri 03 chic tai ch. Cu 8: Bn cho bit lc lng qun s c quc M s dng trong chin dch H Ni- in Bin Ph trn khng thng 12/1972: Tr li: * Lc lng v cn c xut pht.

+ Lc lng. Lc lng B.52 193/400 chic xp x 50% tng s ny bay B.52 ca ton nc M. Trong ng ti cn c Utapao c 70 B.52 v 70 t li. Cn c Guam c 123 B.52 v 123 t li. Khng qun chin thut: 1.077/3.043 chic = 31% tng s My bay chin thut ca ton nc M. Ton b lc lng khng qun chin thut ca khng qun v Hi Qun M ng Nam - Trong c mt bin i my bay F.111 khong 48-50 chic. - Tu sn bay: 6/14 chc = 34% tng s tu sn bay tng tham chin Vit Nam. - Hn 50 my bay tip du trn khng v mt s loi my bay phc v khc nh:nmy bay ngy nhiu t xa, my bay trinh st chin lc, chin thut, my bay ch huy, lin lc dn ng, cp cu, cng 60 tu chin cc loi ca hm i 7 Thi Bnh Dng. + Cn c xut pht ca cc loi my bay M: - My bay chin lc B.52 ct cnh t cn c Enxn (Anderson) trn o Guam gia Thi Bnh Dng v cn c Utapao Thi Lan. - My bay chin thut cc loi ct cnh t 6 sn bay Thi Lan (Un, Ubon, Tcly, Coar, Na khonphanom,Nm Phay) v 6 tu sn bay (Interprise, Amirlan, Panger, Kitty Hawk, O riskany, Saratoga) u ri rc trn mt khu vc rng gi l trm Yn-khi Bin ng t Thanh Ha n Nng. Ngoi ra, tt c cc cn c hu cn, k thut ca qun i M ng Nam nh cn c C-Lc, Su-bch Philippin cng thm cn c Okinaoa Nht Bn u c s dng phc v ti a cho chin dch ny. huy ng hai cn c En--xn v Utapao, Lu Nm Gc cp tc thnh lp 1 B ch huy lm thi do tng Vt lm T lnh ng Utapao. B ch huy ny t di quyn ch huy ca khng qun chin lc v B Quc phng M, c mt gung my chin tranh khng l, nm trong tay tng thng NIc-Xn, ngi duyt k hoch v Tng T lnh ti cao. C th ni y l mt cuc huy ng lc lng to ln cha tng c ca quc M t sau i chin th gii ln th II cho mt trn tp kch ng khng chin lc. Cu 9: Trong chin dch H Ni- in Bin Ph trn khng thng 12 nm 1972, qun v dn min Bc bn ri bao nhiu my bay ca quc M, c bao nhiu chic B.52, c bao nhiu chic ri ti ch? Lc lng t v no ca H Ni bn ri my bay ca quc M? Loi my bay g? Thi gian no? u? Tr li: - Kt thc chin dch qun v dn min Bc bn ri tng s 81 my bay M cc loi, trong c 34 chic B.52 (16 chic ri ti ch) v 5 chic F111. Ring Qun chng PKKQ bn ri 47 chic (trong c 32 chic B.52: Tn la bn ri 29 chic, khng qun 02 chic v cao x 01 chic). Chin thng ny gp phn quyt nh chng ta ginh thng li quyt nh trn mt trn ngoi giao, buc ch phi k hip nh Pari chm dt chin tranh, lp li ha bnh Vit Nam (ngy 27/01/1973) - 21 gi ngy 20/12/1972 ti trn a Vn n- H Ni, cc chin s t v 3 nh my (c kh Mai ng, nh my g H Ni v nh my c kh Lng Yn) bng 19 vin n 14,5 ly bn ri 1 my bay F111 cnh cp cnh xe ca M. Cu 10: ngha lch s ca chin thng H Ni- in Bin Ph trn khng

thng 12/1972. Tr li: Chin thng H Ni- in Bin Ph trn khng, l mt trong nhng chin thng v i ca dn tc Vit Nam th k 20. Vi ch kin cng ca dn tc, thm su li dy ca ch tch H Ch Minh Khng c g qu hn c lp t do qun v dn ta vit tip nhng trang s vng chin cng chi li trong lch s chng gic ngoi xm bo v T quc. H Ni- in Bin Ph trn khng l chin thng ca sc mnh chnh tr, tinh thn ton dn tc, l tr quyt tm gim nh, bit nh v bit thng ca gic M xm lc. Chin thng H Ni- in Bin Ph trn khng l thng li ca ng li chin tranh nhn dn, ca Th trn PK-KQ s k tha v pht trin truyn thng ngh thut qun s Vit Nam trong thi i mi. Ca ch thng minh v lng dng cm ca nhn dn ta chng tp kch ng khng quy m ln ca k th vi VKTB hin i. Chin thng H Ni- in Bin Ph trn khng l thng li ca ngh thut lnh o, ch o cng tc phng khng nhn dn, phng trnh, nh tr cuc tp kch ng khng ca quc M. H Ni- in Bin Ph trn khng gp phn quyt nh nh cho M ct buc quc M phi k kt hip nh Pari, kt thc chin tranh, lp li ha bnh Vit Nam, to ra bc ngot lch s lm tin i n thng li trn vn ca s nghip gii phng dn tc, thng nht t nc nm 1975. Cu 11: ngha thi i ca chin thng H Ni- in Bin Ph trn khng thng 12/1972 Tr li: Cuc khng chin chng quc M xm lc ca dn tc ta thng li c nh du bng nhng chin thng to ln, t p Bc, Vn Tng, Ni Thnh n tng tin cng v ni dy Tt Mu Thn nm 1968, chin dch ng 9 Nam Lo, chin dch Tr-Thin, chin dch chng tp kch ng khng chin lc cui nm 1972 v kt thc thng li hon ton bng chin dch H Ch Minh lch s nm 1975. Di s lnh o ca ng chng ta tng bc thc hin thng li mc tiu ca cch mng dn tc dn ch nhn dn, thc hin li dy Bc H nh cho M ct, nh cho Ngy nho. Cuc khng chin chng M cu nc l mt trong nhng cuc chin tranh gii phng lu di, nhiu gian kh, hi sinh v cng l mt trong nhng chin thng to ln v vang nht trong lch s Vit Nam, mang ngha su sc trong thi i hin nay. H Ni- in Bin Ph trn khng l chin thng ca ch XHCN min Bc c thi thc bi ch Khng c g qu hn c lp t do ca dn tc, s c v nhng chin cng to ln ca qun v dn min Nam nh bi sc mnh qun s ca Ch ngha quc ng u l M. H Ni- in Bin Ph trn khng l n nh lch s, m ng cho s sp ca ch ngha thc dn mi Vit Nam; gp phn lm tng thm sc mnh v th tin cng ca phong tro cch mng th gii vo Ch ngha quc; em li lng tin cho hng trm triu ngi trn tri t ang u tranh v ha bnh, c lp dn tc, dn ch v tin b x hi.

Chin thng H Ni- in Bin Ph trn khng chng minh sc sng ca hc thuyt Mac-Leenin v chin tranh v cch mng trong thi i ngy nay v t tng qun s H Ch Minh trong cch mng Vit Nam. Cng vi chin thng ca cuc khng chin chng M cu nc, chin thng H Ni- in Bin Ph trn khng li Hi chng Vit Nam, vt thng trong lng nc M khng d g xa c. Cu 12: nh bi cuc tp kch ng khong ca k th trong tng lai, theo bn, ng, Nh nc, Nhn dn v Qun i ta cn phi lm g? Trch nhim ca bn trong s nghip xy dng v bo v T quc hin nay ni chung, s nghip bo v bu tri T quc ni ring? Tr li: nh bi cc cuc tp kch bng ng khng ca k th trong tng lai, theo ti ng, Nh nc, Nhn dn v Qun i ta phi: - u t trang thit b hin i c bit l hai Qun chng PKKQ v Hi Qun, xy dng th trn phng khng nhn dn. Thnh lp dn qun t v bin. Ton qun, ton dn phi thng xuyn nng cao cnh gic, sn sng p tan mi m mu, th on ca k th. i vi qun i phi thng xuyn luyn tp cc phng n nh ch b ng khng, din tp cc qun binh chng bo v bin gii v trn b, bin o, phi hp cc nc trong khu vc ng Nam c bit l khi ASEAN hnh thnh khi qun s chung, sn sng nh tr k th khi chng c mu xm lc. - Nu cao tinh thn trch nhim ca c nhn, tp th trong s nghip xy dng v bo v T quc hin nay ni chung, s nghip bo v bu tr T quc ni ring. - L mt qun nhn trong lc lng v trang. c bit li cng tc Qun chng PKKQ, bn thn lun thc su sc rng bo v v xy dng T quc nht l bo v bu tri l trch nhim ca mi cn b, QNCN, CNVQP, HSQBS trong ton Qun chng, quyt khng T quc phi bt ng, sn sng chin u luyn tp cc phng n chin u. Tch cc hc tp lm ch trang b kh ti do n v qun l. Lm tt nhim v theo chc trch khng s kh khn nguy him. Sn sng i bt c u, lm bt c nhim v g khi T quc cn, phc tng tuyt i s phn cng iu ng ca t chc. Thc hin tt ph bnh v t ph bnh, thc hnh tit kim chng tham nhng, lng ph, mi qun nhn d cng v cng tc no nu lm c nh vy th s nghip xy dng v bo v T quc VNXHCN s thnh cng v s nghip bo v bu tri quc gia s thng li.