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luyn tp s 1: Chuyn hm s v cc bi ton lin quan

(Cc em hy c gng t lm, li gii thy s gi sau 1 tun, sau chng ta cng
trao i tng bi Box dnh ring cho lp luyn thi Ton VIP)
1. Cho hm s:
2 2
( 1) 4 2
1
x m x m m
y
x


Xc nh tt c cc gi tr ca m hm s c cc tr. Tm m tch cc gi tr cc i v
cc tiu t gi tr nh nht.
2. Cho hm s:
3 2
3 (2 1) 3 ( )
m
y mx mx m x m C
Tm tt c cc gi tr ca m sao cho hm s c cc i, cc tiu. Chng minh rng khi
ng thng ni hai im cc i, cc tiu ca ( )
m
C lun i qua mt im c nh.
3. Cho hm s:
1
1
x
y
x


Chng minh mi tip tuyn ca th (C) u lp vi hai ng thng tim cn mt tam
gic c din tch khng i.
4. Chng t rng ng cong
2
1
1
x
y
x

c 3 im un cng nm trn mt ng thng.


5. Cho th ca hm s:
2
3
x
y
x


Tm trn th ca hm s im M sao cho khong cch t im M n ng tim cn
ng bng khong cch t im M n ng tim cn ngang.
6. Cho hm s
3 2
3 y x x mx m
Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m hm s nghch bin trn on c di bng 1.
7. Cho hm s
2
2 3
1
x x m
x


Vi nhng gi tr no ca m th hm s cho l ng bin trn khong (3; )
8. Chng minh rng: vi x > 0 , ta lun c:
2
1
2
x
x
e x
10. Cho th (C) ca hm s:
3
3
1
y x
x


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Chng minh rng ng thng 2 y x m lun lun ct (C) ti hai im c honh
1 2
, x x .
Tm gi tr ca m sao cho
2
1 2
( ) d x x t gi tr nh nht.
11. Cho hm s
2 3 2
( 5 ) 6 6 6 y m m x mx x . Gi ( )
m
C l th ca n.
Tm tt c cc im c nh trong mt phng ta m ( )
m
C lun i qua vi mi gi tr
m. Tip tuyn ca ( )
m
C ti mi im c c nh hay khng khi m thay i, ti sao?
12. Xt hm s:
2
3
1
x x m
y
x

, vi m l tham s
Vi nhng gi tr no ca m th th ca hm s trn c tip tuyn vung gc vi ng
phn gic ca gc phn t th nht ca h trc ta ?
Chng minh rng khi th ca hm s c im cc i v cc tiu.
13. Cho hm s
2
1
x
y
x

.
Tm tp hp cc im trong mt phng ta Oxy t ta c th v c hai tip
tuyn n th (C) v hai tip tuyn vung gc vi nhau.
14. Cho hm s
3
3 2 y x x
Tm trn trc honh nhng im m t k c 3 tip tuyn n th.
15. Cho hm s
1
y x
x
(C)
1. Chng minh (C) c mt tm i xng .
2. Lp phng trnh tip tuyn (C) bit tip tuyn vung gc vi tim cn xin
16. Cho hm s
2
4 1 x x
y
x

.
Qua im A(1;0), vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi th.
17. Cho hm s
2
1
1
x x
y
x

.
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Tm m ng thng 2 2 y mx m ct th ( ) C ti hai im thuc hai nhnh ca
( ) C .
18. Cho hm s
2
2 2
1
x x
y
x

v
1
( ) d : y x m v
2
( ) d : 3 y x
Tm tt c gi tr ca m ( ) C ct
1
( ) d ti 2 im phn bit i xng nhau qua
2
( ) d .
19. Cho hm s
2
2 (1 ) 1 x m x m
y
x m


( )
m
C .
CMR 1 m , cc ng ( )
m
C tip xc vi mt ng thng c nh ti mt im c
nh. Xc nh phng trnh ng thng .
20. Cho hm s
2 2 2
2 (2 )( 1)
1
m x m mx
y
mx

(1)
Chng minh rng vi 0 m , tim cn xin ca th hm s (1) lun tip xc vi mt
parabol c nh.Tm phng trnh ca parabol .
21. Cho hm s
2
2 ( 1) 3 x m x
y
x m


Xc nh m ng tim cn xin ca th hm s (1) tip xc vi parabol
2
5 y x
22. Cho hm s
3 2
1 y x mx m .
Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ti cc im c nh m th hm s lun i qua vi mi
gi tr ca m. Tm qu tch giao im ca cc tip tuyn khi m thay i.
23. Cho hm s
2 4
1
x
y
x


Bin lun theo m s giao im ca th trn v ng thng 2 0 x y m .
Trong trng hp c hai giao im M,N th hy tm qu tch trung im I ca on MN.
24. Cho hm s
2
2 1
1
m
y x
x


1. Vi gi tr no ca m th hm s ng thi c cc i v cc tiu.
2. Tm qu tch cc im cc i v cc tiu ca th hm s khi m thay i.
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25. Cho hm s
3 2
2 (2 ) 1 y x m x (1) , vi m l tham s .
Tm gi tr ca m th hm s (1) c 2 im phn bit i xng nhau qua gc ta .
26. Cho hm s
2
2 ( 4) 2 1
2
x m x m
y
x

(1)
Tm m th ca hm s (1) nhn im (2; 1) lm tm i xng .
27. Cho hm s
3 2
(3 ) 5 y x m x mx m
Vi gi tr no ca m trn th c 2 im i xng qua gc O.
28. Cho hm s:
2
1
1
x x
y
x


Xc nh im
1 1
( ; ) A x y vi
1
0 x thuc th ca hm s trn sao cho khong cch
n giao im ca hai tim cn l nh nht.
29. Cho hm s
2
2 2
1
x mx
y
x

, (m l tham s).
Tm gi tr ca m th hm s c im cc i, im cc tiu v khong cch t hai
im n ng thng 2 0 x y bng nhau.
30. Cho th (C) ca hm s
2
2 2
1
x x
y
x


Gi I l tm i xng ca th (C) v M l mt im trn (C). Tip tuyn ti M vi (C)
ct hai ng tim cn ti A,B.
Chng minh rng M l trung im ca on AB v din tch tam gic IAB khng ph
thuc vo v tr im M trn (C).
31. Cho hm s
1
1
1
y x
x

. Gi th l (C).
Tm nhng im trn th (C) c honh ln hn 1 sao cho tip tuyn ti im to
vi hai ng tim cn mt tam gic c chu vi nh nht.
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luyn tp s 1: Chuyn hm s v cc bi ton lin quan

1. Cho hm s:
2 2
( 1) 4 2
1
x m x m m
y
x
+ +
=


Xc nh tt c cc gi tr ca m hm s c cc tr. Tm m tch cc gi tr cc i v
cc tiu t gi tr nh nht.
Li gii:
2 2
( 1) 4 2
1
x m x m m
y
x
+ +
=


2
2
, 3 2 1
1 ( 1)
x m m m y
x x
A A
' = + A = + =


Hm s t cc tr y c 2 nghim phn bit 0 1 2 m A > < <
Hm s t cc tr ti
1,2
1 x = A v cc gi tr tng ng l:
2 2 2
1,2 1,2 1 2
1,2
7 4 4
1 2 (1 ) 4 5 14 9 5( )
1 5 5
y
5
y x m m y m m m m
x
A
= + = A = A = + = >



Vy
1 2
y y nh nht
7
5
m = .
2. Cho hm s:
3 2
3 (2 1) 3 ( )
m
y mx mx m x m C = + + +
Tm tt c cc gi tr ca m sao cho hm s c cc i, cc tiu. Chng minh rng khi
ng thng ni hai im cc i, cc tiu ca ( )
m
C lun i qua mt im c nh.
Li gii:
2
3 6 2 1 y mx mx m ' = + + . Hm s c cc i, cc tiu y' c 2 nghim phn bit
0 m = v
2
9 3 (2 1) 0 m m m ' A = + > 0 m< hoc 1 m> . Chia y cho y, ta
c kt qu:
1 2 2 10 2 2 10
.
3 3 3 3 3
x m m m m
y y x y x
+ +
' = + + = + l phng trnh ng thng
qua cc im cc tr. ng thng ny lun qua im
1
( ;3)
2
I c nh.
3. Cho hm s:
1
1
x
y
x

=
+

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Chng minh mi tip tuyn ca th (C) u lp vi hai ng thng tim cn mt tam
gic c din tch khng i.
Li gii:
2
2 2
1 ( )
1 ( 1)
y C y
x x
' = =
+ +

TC: 1 x =
TCN: 1 y =
Giao im ca 2 ng tim cn l ( 1;1) I
Gi M l im bt k thuc (C).Vy ta im
2
( ;1 )
1
M m
m

+

Phng trnh tip tuyn vi th(C) ti M l:
2
2 2
' ( ) ( ) 1
( 1) 1
M
M M
x
y y x x y x m
m m
= + = +
+ +

Gi A l giao im ca tip tuyn v tim cn ng.Vy ta A l nghim ca h
1 x = v
2
2 2
( ) 1
( 1) 1
y x m
m m
= +
+ +
4
( 1;1 )
1
A
m

+

Gi B l giao im ca tip tuyn v tim cn ng. Tng t ta c: (2 1;1) B m +
Ta c din tch tam gic AIB l:
( ; )
1 1 4
. . .2| 1| 4
2 2 | 1|
B AI
S AI d m
m
= = + =
+
(const).
4. Chng t rng ng cong
2
1
1
x
y
x
+
=
+
c 3 im un cng nm trn mt ng thng.
Li gii:
2
2 2
2 1
( 1)
x x
y
x
+
' =
+
;
2
2 3
2( 1)( 4 1)
( 1)
x x x
y
x
+ +
'' =
+

y'' trit tiu v i du ti
1,2 3
2 3, 1 x x = = .
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th c 3 im un l
1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3
( ; ); ( ; ); ( ; ) A x y A x y A x y vi
1 2 3
1 3 1 3
; ; 1
4 4
y y y
+
= = =
3 2
3 3 1
( 3 3; ) ( 3 3).(1; );
4 4
A A
+
= + = +
1 3
1
( 3 3).(1; )
4
A A =
3 2 3 1
, A A A A song song vi nhau, do 3 im un thng hng vi nhau
5. Cho th ca hm s:
2
3
x
y
x
+
=


Tm trn th ca hm s im M sao cho khong cch t im M n ng tim cn
ng bng khong cch t im M n ng tim cn ngang.
Li gii:
Gi s
0 0
( ; ) M x y thuc th. Gi
1
d l khong cch t M n tim cn ng v
2
d l
khong cch t M n tim cn ngang
1 0 2 0
0
5
| 3|; | 1|
| 3|
d x d y
x
= = =


Ta phi c
1 2 0
3 5 d d x = = . C 2 im tha mn bi ton c honh 3 5 x = .
6. Cho hm s
3 2
3 y x x mx m = + + +
Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m hm s nghch bin trn on c di bng 1.
Li gii:
3 2 2
( ) 3 ( ) 3 6 f x x x mx m f x x x m ' = + + + = + +
( ) f x ' c 9 3m ' A =
Nu 0 ( ) 0 f x x ' ' A s > hm s lun ng bin
Nu 0 ( ) f x ' ' A > c 2 nghim phn bit l
1 2
x x < . Ta c:
1 2
( ) 0 f x x x x ' < < < .
Tc l hm s nghch bin trong khong
1 2
( , ) x x
Yu cu bi ton:
2 1
3 3 9
1 1
3 3 4
x x m
' ' + A A
= = =
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7. Cho hm s
2
2 3
1
x x m
x
+


Vi nhng gi tr no ca m th hm s cho l ng bin trn khong (3; ) +
Li gii:
Hm s ng bin trong khong (3; ) +

2
2 2
2
2 4 3
0 3 2 4 3 0 3 ( ) 2 4 3 3
( 1)
x x m
y x x x m x m x x x x
x
|
+
' = > > + > > s = + >


'( ) 4 4 x x | = . Nn ( ) m x | s 3 x > 9 m s
8. Chng minh rng: vi x > 0 , ta lun c:
2
1
2
x
x
e x > + +
Li gii:
Ta c:
2
( ) 1 '( ) 1 ( ) 1 0 0
2
x x x
x
f x e x f x e x f x e x '' = = = > >
( ) f x ' ng bin vi 0 ( ) (0) 0 0 x f x f x ' ' > > = >
( ) f x ng bin vi
2
0 ( ) (0) 0 1 0
2
x
x
x f x f x e x x > > > >
9. Cho th (C) ca hm s:
3
3
1
y x
x
= + +


Chng minh rng ng thng 2 y x m = + lun lun ct (C) ti hai im c honh
1 2
, x x .
Tm gi tr ca m sao cho
2
1 2
( ) d x x = t gi tr nh nht.
Li gii:
Xt phng trnh:
3 3
2 3 3 3
1 1
x m x x m
x x
+ = + + + =


2
(3 3)(3 1) 3 0, 1 3 ( 6) 0 x m x x x m x m + = = + = (d thy 1 khng phi l
nghim ca phng trnh ny)
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2 2
( 6) 12 36 0, m m m m A = + = + >
m phng trnh c 2 nghim phn bit m ng thng 2 y x m = + lun ct
th ti 2 im phn bit .
Theo Viet:
2 2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
6 1
( ) ( ) 4 ( ) 4( ) ( 36) 4
3 3 9
m m
d x x x x x x m

= = + = = + >
4
d
min = khi 0 m=
10. Cho hm s
2 3 2
( 5 ) 6 6 6 y m m x mx x = + + + . Gi ( )
m
C l th ca n.
Tm tt c cc im c nh trong mt phng ta m ( )
m
C lun i qua vi mi gi tr
m. Tip tuyn ca ( )
m
C ti mi im c c nh hay khng khi m thay i, ti sao?
Li gii:
2 3 2 3 2 3 2
( 5 ) 6 6 6 (5 6 ) 6 6 0 y m m x mx x x m x x m y x = + + + + + + =
Cc im m th lun i qua vi mi m s c ta tha mn phng trnh trn c
nghim vi mi m, tc l cc h s ca m bng 0.
Gii ra ta c nghim duy nht 0; 6 x y = = nn m , th lun i qua im c nh
A(0; -6).
V (0) 6 y' = m nn tip tuyn ca ( )
m
C ti im c nh A (0; - 6) c nh khi m thay
i.
11. Xt hm s:
2
3
1
x x m
y
x
+ +
=
+
, vi m l tham s
Vi nhng gi tr no ca m th th ca hm s trn c tip tuyn vung gc vi ng
phn gic ca gc phn t th nht ca h trc ta ?
Chng minh rng khi th ca hm s c im cc i v cc tiu.
Li gii:
2
2
2 3
( 1)
x x a
y
x
+ +
' =
+

th c tip tuyn vung gc vi ng phn gic gc phn t th nht
phng trnh 1 y' = c nghim
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phng trnh
2
2
2 3
1
( 1)
x x a
x
+ +
=
+
c nghim
phng trnh
2
2( 1) 2 x a + = c nghim 1 2 0 2 x a a = > >
tam thc
2
2 3 x x a + + c 2 0 a y ' ' A = > c 2 nghim phn bit
Hm s c im cc i, cc tiu
12. Cho hm s
2
1
x
y
x
=

.
Tm tp hp cc im trong mt phng ta Oxy t ta c th v c hai tip
tuyn n th (C) v hai tip tuyn vung gc vi nhau.
Hng dn:
Xt im A(a;b). ng thng qua A, h s gc k c phng trnh: y = k(x-a)+ b
ng thng ny s l tip tuyn khi v ch khi h n x gm 2 phng trnh sau c
nghim:
(1):
1
1
1
x kx b ak
x
+ + = +


(2):
2
1
1
( 1)
k
x
=


Bin i v phng trnh n k ta c:
2 2 2
( ) (1 ) [2(1 )( 2) 4] ( 2) 4 0 k a k a b k b | = + + + = (3)
t A ta v c hai tip tuyn n th (C) v hai tip tuyn vung gc vi nhau
th (3) phi c 2 nghim phn bit khc 1 v tch 2 nghim ny phi bng -1,iu kin ny
tng ng vi:
(1) 0 | = v
2
2
( 2) 4
1
(1 )
b
a

=


2 2 2
( 1) ( 2) 2 , 1, 1 a b a b a + = = = +
Vy tp hp cn tm l ng trn (C) tm I(1;2), bn knh 2, b i 4 giao im ca (C)
vi 2 tim cn.

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13. Cho hm s
3
3 2 y x x = + +
Tm trn trc honh nhng im m t k c 3 tip tuyn n th.
Hng dn:
Lm tng t bi 13, gi im cn tm l A(a;0), da vo iu kin tip tuyn, sau khi
bin i v phng trnh ca a, l phng trnh bc 3 d dng tm c 1 nghim, ta
tm k sao phng trnh ny c 3 nghim phn bit.
Kt lun: cc im cn tm trn trc honh l cc im c honh tha mn :
1; x <
2
1
3
x < < hoc 2 x > .
14. Cho hm s
1
y x
x
= + (C)
a. Chng minh (C) c mt tm i xng .
b. Lp phng trnh tip tuyn (C) bit tip tuyn vung gc vi tim cn xin
Li gii:
a.
1
( ) , , f x x D x D
x
= + e e v
1 1
( ) ( ) ( ) f x x x f x
x x
= = + = O l TX
b. PTTT: Phng trnh tip tuyn: y x b = + . iu kin tip xc l tha mn 2 phng
trnh sau:
1
x x b
x
+ = + v
2
1
1 1
x
= . Gii ra ta c: , 2
2
2
2
x b = =
Vy c 2 tip tuyn: 2 2 y x = + v 2 2 y x =
15. Cho hm s
2
4 1 x x
y
x
+ +
= .
Qua im A(1;0), vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi th.
Li gii:
D thy ng thng x=1 khng l tip tuyn nn ng thng qua A(1;0) vi h s gc
k s c phng trnh: y=k(x-1)
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ng thng ny s l tip tuyn tng ng h gm 2 phng trnh sau c nghim:
(1):
1
4 ( 1) x k x
x
+ + =
(2):
2
1
1 k
x
=
Bin i v phng trnh n k ta c:
2
( 4)
1 , 4
4
k
k k
+
= = 6 2 6 k =
Vy c 2 tip tuyn tha mn: ( 6 2 6)( 1) y x = + v ( 6 2 6)( 1) y x =
16. Cho hm s
2
1
1
x x
y
x
+
=

.
Tm m ng thng 2 2 y mx m = + ct th ( ) C ti hai im thuc hai nhnh ca
( ) C .
Li gii:
Phng trnh honh giao im ca ng thng cho v (C):
2
2
1
2 2 ( ) ( 1) (3 1) 2 1 0, 1
1
x x
mx m f x m x m x m x
x
+
= + = + = =


Hai ng trn ct nhau ti 2 im phn bit thuc 2 nhnh ca th khi v ch khi:
( ) 0 f x = c 2 nghim tha mn:
1 2
1 x x < < 1 0 m = v ( 1) (1) 0 1 m f m < >
17. Cho hm s
2
2 2
1
x x
y
x
+
=

v
1
( ) d : y x m = + v
2
( ) d : 3 y x = +
Tm tt c gi tr ca m ( ) C ct
1
( ) d ti 2 im phn bit i xng nhau qua
2
( ) d .
Li gii:
Phng trnh honh giao im ca (C) v (d1) l:
2
2 2
1
x x
x m
x
+
+ =

2
2 2 ( )( 1) x x m x x + = + ( 1 x = khng l nghim)
2
2 ( 3) 2 0 x m x m + + + = .
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iu kin cn l:
2
2 7 0 1 8 1 8 m m m m A = > < v > + (*)
Gi H l giao im ca
1 2
( ), ( ) d d , phng trnh honh giao im H l:
3
3
2
H
m
x m x x

+ = + = . V
1
( ) d vung gc vi
2
( ) d nn m tha mn (*) v
3
2 3 9
2
A B H
m
x x x m m
+
= + = =
18. Cho hm s
2
2 (1 ) 1 x m x m
y
x m
+ + +
=
+
( )
m
C .
CMR 1 m = , cc ng ( )
m
C tip xc vi mt ng thng c nh ti mt im c
nh. Xc nh phng trnh ng thng .
Li gii:
Gi
0 0
( ; ) M x y l im c nh ca ( )
m
C vi 1 m= . Ta c:
2
0 0
0
0
2 (1 ) 1 x m x m
y
x m
+ + +
=
+
, 1 m =
2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
( 1) 2 1 , 1 , m y x x x x y x m m + = + + + = =
2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 1 1 0 1, 2 0, x x x y y x x y = + + + + = = = ( 1; 2) M
Ta c: ( 1) 1 f ' = 1 m = ( )
m
C lun tip xc vi tip xc vi ng thng c h s
gc l -1, qua M c nh v c phng trnh l ( 1) 2 y x = + + hay 1 y x + =
19. Cho hm s
2 2 2
2 (2 )( 1)
1
m x m mx
y
mx
+ +
=
+
(1)
Chng minh rng vi 0 m = , tim cn xin ca th hm s (1) lun tip xc vi mt
parabol c nh.Tm phng trnh ca parabol .
Li gii:
2
2 y mx m = l tim cn xin ca th vi 0 m= .
Tip tuyn ca Parabol
2
( 0) y ax bx c a = + + = ti im
2
0 0 0 0
( ; ) x y ax bx c = + + c
phng trnh l:
2
0 0 0 0
(2 )( ) y ax b x x ax bx c = + + + + .
Page 13 of 130


N s trng vi TCX
2
2 y mx m = khi v ch khi:
0
2 2 ax b m + = v
2 2
0
ax c m + = . Kh
0
x ta c phng trnh n m, phng trnh ny tha
mn vi mi m, cho cc h s bng 0 ta c: a=1; b=c=0. Vy parabol cn tm l
2
y x = .
20. Cho hm s
2
2 ( 1) 3 x m x
y
x m
+ +
=
+

Xc nh m ng tim cn xin ca th hm s (1) tip xc vi parabol
2
5 y x = +
Li gii:
2 2
2 ( 1) 3 3
2 1
x m x m m
y x m
x m x m
+ +
= = + +
+ +

TCX 2 1 y x m = + s tip xc vi
2
5 y x = + khi v ch khi h gm 2 phng trnh sau
c nghim:
2
5 2 1 x x m + = + v 2 2 x = , suy ra 1 x = v 3 m=
21. Cho hm s
3 2
1 y x mx m = + .
Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ti cc im c nh m th hm s lun i qua vi mi
gi tr ca m. Tm qu tch giao im ca cc tip tuyn khi m thay i.
Li gii:
D thy th i qua 2 im c nh l
1 2
(1;0), ( 1; 2) A A
2
3 2 y x mx ' = + , do tip tuyn ti
1
(1; 0) A c PT: (2 3)( 1) y m x = + v tip tuyn ti
2
( 1; 2) A c PT: ( 2 3)( 1) 2 y m x = + + .
Giao im M ca 2 tip tuyn c ta tha mn 2 phng trnh sau:
(2 3)( 1) y m x = + v ( 2 3)( 1) 2 y m x = + + . Rt m t 1 PT thay vo PT cn li ta c:
2
3 2 x x
y
x

= , chnh l qu tch cn tm.
22. Cho hm s
2 4
1
x
y
x

=
+

Bin lun theo m s giao im ca th trn v ng thng 2 0 x y m + = .
Trong trng hp c hai giao im M,N th hy tm qu tch trung im I ca on MN.
Page 14 of 130


Li gii:
Honh giao im l nghim ca phng trnh:
2 4
1
x
x

+
2x m = +
2 2
2 ( 4) 4 0, 16 x m x m m + + + + = A =
Nu 4 4 m < < th khng c giao im
Nu 4 m= th c 1 giao im
Nu 4 4 m m < v > th c 2 giao im. Khi trung im E ca MN c ta :
1 2
4
2 4
E
x x m
x
+
= = v 2
E
y x m = +
Rt m t 1 phng trnh th vo phng trnh cn li 2 4 y x =
Vi iu kin 4 4 m m < v > 0 2 x x > v <
Vy qu tch phi tm l phn ng thng 2 4 y x = ng vi ( ; 2) (0; ) xe +
23. Cho hm s
2
2 1
1
m
y x
x
= +


a. Vi gi tr no ca m th hm s ng thi c cc i v cc tiu.
b. Tm qu tch cc im cc i v cc tiu ca th hm s khi m thay i.
Li gii:
a. Hm s ng thi c cc i v cc tiu khi
2
2
2 4 2 2
0
( 1)
x x m
y
x
+
' = =

c 2 nghim
phn bit khc 1
2
2 4 2 2 0 x x m + = c 2 nghim phn bit khc 1 0 m >
b. Vi 0 m> t bng bin thin ta c ta im cc i:
2
1 , 2 1
1
I I I
I
m
x m y x
x
= = +

. Bin i ta c: 4 3, 1
I I I
y x x = <
Vy qu tch cc im cc i l na ng thng c phng trnh 4 3 y x = vi 1 x <
Tng t qu tch cc im cc tiu l na ng thng c phng trnh 4 3 y x = vi
1 x >
Page 15 of 130


24. Cho hm s
3 2
2 (2 ) 1 y x m x = + + (1) , vi m l tham s .
Tm gi tr ca m th hm s (1) c 2 im phn bit i xng nhau qua gc ta .
Li gii:
Yu cu bi ton
0
0 x - =
0 0
( ) ( ) y x y x =
0
0 x - =
3 2 3 2
0 0 0 0
2 (2 ) 1 2 (2 ) 1 x m x x m x + + = + +
0
0 x - =
2
0
(2 ) 1 m x + = 2 m >
25. Cho hm s
2
2 ( 4) 2 1
2
x m x m
y
x
+ +
=

(1)
Tm m th ca hm s (1) nhn im (2; 1) lm tm i xng .
Li gii:
2
2 ( 4) 2 1 1
( ) 2
2 2
x m x m
y f x x m
x x
+ +
= = = + +


th nhn E(2;1) l tm i xng khi v ch khi
(2 ) (2 )
1 0 3
2
f t f t
t m
+ +
= = =
26. Cho hm s
3 2
(3 ) 5 y x m x mx m = + + + +
Vi gi tr no ca m trn th c 2 im i xng qua gc O.
Li gii:
th c 2 im i xng nhau qua gc O tc l phi tn ti x,y sao cho im (x;y) v (-
x;- y) cng thuc th tng ng h gm 2 phng trnh sau nghim khc (0;0):
3 2
(3 ) 5 y x m x mx m = + + + + (1);
3 2
(3 ) 5 y x m x mx m = + + + (2)
Ly (1) cng vi (2) ta c:
2
2( 3) 2( 5) 0 m x m + + + = , phng trnh ny phi c
nghim khc 0
3
5 3
5
0 m m
m
m
> < v
+
>
+

27. Cho hm s:
2
1
1
x x
y
x
+
=


Page 16 of 130


Xc nh im
1 1
( ; ) A x y vi
1
0 x > thuc th ca hm s trn sao cho khong cch
n giao im ca hai tim cn l nh nht.
Li gii:
Giao im 2 tim cn l E(1;1). Xt im
1 1
( ; ) A x y thuc th khi v ch khi
2
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
x
y
x
x
x x
+
= = +


2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 2
1 1
1 1
( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1 ) 2( 1) 2 2 2 2
1 ( 1)
EA x y x x x
x x
= + = + + = + + > +


Du = xy ra khi
2
2 2 2 EA = +
2
1 1 2
1
4
1 1
2( 1)
( 1
1
) 2
x x
x

= = + .
Vy im cn tm c honh l:
4
1
1
2
x = +
28. Cho hm s
2
2 2
1
x mx
y
x
+ +
=
+
, (m l tham s).
Tm gi tr ca m th hm s c im cc i, im cc tiu v khong cch t hai
im n ng thng 2 0 x y + + = bng nhau.
Li gii:
2
2
2 2 2
( 1)
x x m
y
x
+ +
' =
+

hm s c cc i, cc tiu th phng trnh
2
2 2 2 0 x x m + + = (1) c hai nghim
phn bit khc -1
3
2
m <
Gi s
1 2
, x x l 2 nghim ca (1) v
1 1 2 2
( ; ), ( , ) A x y B x y l cc im cc tr ca th,
trong :
1 1 1 2 2 2
( ) 2 2 , ( ) 2 2 y y x x m y y x x m = = + = = +
khong cch t A v B ti ng thng x+y+2=0 bng nhau th iu kin l :
1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2
2| 2| 3( )[3( ) 4 ]= | 4 | 0 x y x y x x x m x + = + + + + + + (*)
Page 17 of 130


Do
2 1
, x x l nghim ca (1) nn
2 2 1 1
|=2 3 2 , =-2 m=-1/2 | x x x m x + (thay vo (*))
29. Cho th (C) ca hm s
2
2 2
1
x x
y
x
+ +
=
+

Gi I l tm i xng ca th (C) v M l mt im trn (C). Tip tuyn ti M vi (C)
ct hai ng tim cn ti A,B.
Chng minh rng M l trung im ca on AB v din tch tam gic IAB khng ph
thuc vo v tr im M trn (C).
Li gii:
Gi (d) l tip tuyn ti
0 0 0
0
1
( , 1 )
1
M x y x
x
= + +
+
c phng trnh:
0 0 2
0 0
1 1
(1 )( ) 1
( 1) 1
y x x x
x x
= + + +
+ +

(d) ct tim cn ng ti
0
2
( 1; )
1
A
x

+
v ct tim cn xin ti
0 0
(2 1, 2 2) B x x + +
Ta c
0
2 2
A B M
x x x x + = = v A,B,M thng hng suy ra M l trung im ca AB
Giao 2 tim cn l I(-1;0) v B cch tin cn ng x+1=0 mt khong cch l
0
0
2 2
| 2 1 1|
2| 1|
1 0
x
h x
+ +
= = +
+

Ta c:
0
0 0
1 2
| | . .2| 1| 2
| 1| 2 | 1|
1
A IAB
AI y S x
x x
A
= = = + =
+ +
(vdt)
Vy IAB A c din tch khng ph thuc vo v tr ca M.
30. Cho hm s
1
1
1
y x
x
= + +

. Gi th l (C).
Tm nhng im trn th (C) c honh ln hn 1 sao cho tip tuyn ti im to
vi hai ng tim cn mt tam gic c chu vi nh nht.
p s: im cn tm c hong l:
4
1
1
2
x = +
Page 18 of 130


luyn tp s 2: Phng trnh bt phng trnh h
phng trnh i s
(Cc em hy c gng t lm, li gii thy s gi sau 1 tun, sau chng ta cng
trao i tng bi Box dnh ring cho lp luyn thi Ton VIP)
Bi 1. Gii cc phng trnh cha cn thc sau:
1, 3 5 3 4 x x = + 11,
2
3 2 1 4 9 2 3 5 2 x x x x x + = + +
2,
2 2
5 1 ( 4) 1 x x x x x + + = + + + 12,
3
2 1 1 x x =
3,
4 4
18 5 1 x x = 13,
3 3
1 2 2 1 x x + =
4,
( )
3 2 2 2 6 x x x + = + + 14,
2 2
5 14 9 20 5 1 x x x x x + + = +
5,
2 2
2 8 6 1 2 2 x x x x + + + = + 15,
3
2 3 2 3 6 5 8 x x + =
6,
2
( 1) ( 2) 2 x x x x x + + = 16, 2 7 5 3 2 x x x + =
7,
3 3
4 3 1 x x + = 17,
2
2 7 2 1 8 7 1 x x x x x + = + + +
8,
2 2
4 2 3 4 x x x x + = + 18,
2
3
2 4
2
x
x x
+
+ =
9,
2 2
3 3 3 6 3 x x x x + + + = 19,
2
4 13 5 3 1 x x x + = +
10,
2 3
2 4 3 4 x x x x + + = + 20,
2 2 2 2
5 5
1 1 1
4 4
x x x x x + + = +
Bi 2. Gii cc bt phng trnh v t sau:
1,
2 2
( 3) 4 9 x x x s 5, 1 3 4 x x + > +
2, 3 2 8 7 x x x + > + 6,
2 2
5 10 1 7 2 x x x x + + >
3,
2
1 1 4
3
x
x

< 7,
2
8 6 1 4 1 0 x x x + + s
4,
3 1
3 2 7
2 2
x x
x x
+ < + 8, 2 1 3 2 4 3 5 4 x x x x + < +
Page 19 of 130


Bi 3. Gii cc h phng trnh sau:
1,
1 3
2
1 3
2
x
y x
y
x y

+ =

+ =

9,
3
1 1
2 1
x y
y x
y x

= +


2,
2
(3 2 )( 1) 12
2 4 8 0
x x y x
x y x
+ + =

+ + =

10,
2 2
4
( 1) ( 1) 2
x y x y
x x y y y
+ + + =

+ + + + =


3,
2 2
4 2 2 4
5
13
x y
x x y y
+ =

+ =

11,
2 1 1
3 2 4
x y x y
x y

+ + + =

+ =


4,
2
2 2
3 2 16
3 2 8
x xy
x xy y
=

12,
( ) ( )
( )( )
2
2
1 4
1 2
x y y x y
x y x y

+ + + =

+ + =


5,
5 2 7
5 2 7
x y
y x

+ + =

+ + =

13,
2 2 2
1 7
1 13
xy x y
x y xy y
+ + =

+ + =


6,
( )
( )
2
2
1 3 0
5
1 0
x x y
x y
x
+ + =

+ + =

14,
2
3 2
2
2
3
2
2 9
2
2 9
xy
x x y
x x
xy
y y x
y y

+ = +

+ = +


7,
2 2
2 3 4 6
4 4 12 3
xy x y
x y x y
+ + =

+ + + =

15,
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
36 25 60
36 25 60
36 25 60
y x x
z y y
x z z

+ =

+ =

+ =


8,
2 2
2 2 2
3( ),
7( )
x xy y x y
x xy y x y
+ =

+ + =

16,
( )
3 3
2 2
8 2
3 3 1
x x y y
x y
= +

= +


Bi 4. Gii bng phng php hm s, nh gi:
1,
2
2 10 3
x
x = 5,
( ) ( )
2
lg 6 lg 2 4 x x x x + = + +
2,
( ) ( ) ( )
3
5 2 6 5 2 6 3
x x x
+ + = 6, ( ) 9 2 2 3 2 5 0
x x
x x + + =
Page 20 of 130


3,
2 2
3 13 4 3 3 6 x x x + = + + 7,
( ) 2 3
log 1 log x x + =
4,
4 4
1 17 2 x x + = 8, 4 7 9 2
x x
x + = +
Bi 5. Gii cc phng trnh m sau:
1,
( ) ( )
2 2
3 3
2 3 2 3 14
x x
+ + = 6,
( ) ( )
3
5 21 7 5 21 2
x x
x+
+ + =
2,
2
4.3 9.2 5.6
x
x x
= 7,
1 1 1
2.81 7.36 5.16 0
x x x

+ =
3,
4
2
8 4.3
x
x
x

+
= 8,
2
2
3
2 .3
2
x x x
=
4,
2 2
1 2
9 10.3 1 0
x x x x + +
+ = 9,
( )
9 9
3 log 1 log 3
3
x x
x

=
5,
( )
2
3 2 9 .3 9.2 0
x x x x
+ + = 10,
3 1 3
.3 27 .3 9
x x
x x x x
+
+ = +
Bi 6. Gii cc phng trnh logarit sau:
1,
2
3 3
3
log log 1
x
x
x
+ = 5,
( ) 2
3 2
8 10
2 5 2
log log 2 0
x
x x
x x
+
+ +
+ =
2,
5 5
log 5 log 25 3
x
x + = 7,
2 3
16 4
2
log 14log 40log 0
x x x
x x x + =
3,
( ) ( ) 3 2
2 2
2 4 3
log 3 log 3
x x x
x x
+
= 8,
2
2
log 2 2log 4 log 8
x x
x
+ =
4, ( )
3 9
3
4
2 log log 3 1
1 log
x
x
x
=

9, ( )
2
2 2
log 4 log 3 0 x x x x + + =
9, ( ) ( )
3
1 8
2
2
log 1 log 3 log 1 0 x x x + =
10,
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
log 2 3log 2 5 x x x x + + =
11,
1
3 3
log (3 1)log (3 3) 6
x x+
=
Page 21 of 130


Bi 7. Gii cc bt phng trnh m:
1,
2
2
2
2
1
9 2 3
3
x x
x x

| |
s
|
\ .
4,
3 1 2
2 7.2 7.2 2 0
x x x +
+ =
2,
2 1 2 1
3 2 5.6 0
x x x + +
s 5,
2 2
2 4 2 2 1
2 16.2 2
0
1
x x x x
x


s
+

3,
2 35
2
12
2 1
x
x
x
+ >

6,
2 2
1 1 1
2 2 2 2
x x x x +
+ s +

Bi 8. Gii cc bt phng trnh logarit:
1, ( )
1
log 2 2
x
x
+
> 4, ( )
2
2
1 2
2
1 1
log 2 3 1 log 1
2 2
x x x + + >
2,
2
4 2
(log 8 log )log 2 0
x
x x + > 5,
( )
2
3 1
2
log log 3 1 x <
3,
2
2
2 3
log 0
3 8
x
x
x

+
<
+
6,
( ) ( )
2
3
3
log 1 log 2 1 2
0
2 1
x x
x
+
>


Bi 9. Gii cc h phng trnh m, logarit:
1,
2 2
ln(1 ) ln(1 )
12 20 0
x y x y
x xy y
+ + =

+ =

5,
2 1
2 1
2 2 3 1

2 2 3 1
y
x
x x x
y y y

+ + = +

+ + = +


2,
2 2
1 1
3 3
10

log log 1 0
x y
x y
+ =

+ + =

6,
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
lg 1 lg13
lg lg 3lg2
x y
x y x y

+ =

+ = +


3,
( )
3
3 .2 972
log 2
x y
x y
=

7,
( )
( )
5
27 .3 5
3log
y x
x y
x y x y

+ =

+ =


4,
2 2
2
2 4 1
2 4 2 1
x y
x y x y +
+ =

+ + =

8,
1
2 2 1
2 1 1
1 2 2 1
x
x x
y y
y
+
+ +

= + +

+ = +


Page 22 of 130



Bi 10. Tm tham s m phng trnh:
1,
2 4
1 x x m + = c nghim
2,
4 4
13 1 0 x x m x + + = c ng mt nghim
3,
( ) ( )
3
2 1
2
log 4 log 2 2 1 0 x mx x m + + + = c nghim
Ba 11. Tm tham s m bt phng trnh:
1,
( )
2
1
2
log 3 1
m
m
x
+
+
+ > ng vi mi x R e 2, .2 2 3 1
x x
m m s + c nghim
3,
( )
2
2 2 1 (2 ) 0 m x x x x + + + s c nghim 0;1 3 x
(
e +


Bi 12. Tm tham s m h phng trnh:
1,
2 0
1
x y m
x xy
=

+ =

c nghim duy nht 2,


2 1 2 1
2
7 7 2010 2010
( 2) 2 3 0
x x x
x
x m x m
+ + + +

+ s

+ + + >

c nghim
3,
( ) ( )
2 2
2
1 1 2
1
m y
x n
m nxy x y

+ + + =

+ + =

c nghim vi mi n R e
Bi 13. Chng minh rng h
2
2
2007
1
2007
1
x
y
y
e
y
x
e
x

c ng 2 nghim tha mn iu kin


x > 0, y > 0
Bi 14. Xc nh m bpt: ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
9 2 .6 1 .4 0
x x x x x x
m a m

+ + > nghim ng vi
mi tha mn 1 x >
Bi 15. Xc nh m pt
( ) ( )
2 2
3 3 3 3
log .log 2 3 log 2log 2 3 2 0 x x x m x x x m + + + =
c 3 nghim phn bit

Page 23 of 130


luyn tp s 2: Phng trnh bt phng trnh h phng trnh i s
(Di y l hng dn gii cho cc bi ton v p s bi ton, li gii chi tit
dnh cho cc em, c th post ln din n trao i v phng php, dng bi)
Bi 1. Gii cc phng trnh cha cn thc sau:
1, 3 5 3 4 x x = +
- iu kin: 3 x >
- Vi iu kin trn ta bin i v dng: 3 3 4 5 x x + + = sau bnh phng 2
v, a v dng c bn ( ) ( ) f x g x = ta gii tip.
- p s: 4 x =
2,
2 2
5 1 ( 4) 1 x x x x x + + = + + +
- t
2
1 0 t x x = + + > ,
pt cho tr thnh:


Vi
2
1 : t x x x x = + + = v nghim
Vi
2
1 61
4 15 0
2
t x x x

= + = =
- Vy phng trnh c nghim:
1 61
2
x

=
3,
4 4
18 5 1 x x =
- Ta t
4 4 4 4
18 0; 1 0 17 u x v x u v = > = > + = , ta a v h i xng loi I i
vi u, v gii h ny tm c u, v suy ra x
- p s: H v nghim
4,
( )
( ) 3 2 2 2 6 * x x x + = + +
- iu kin: 2 x >
( )
2
4 4 0
4
t x
t x t x
t
=
+ + =

=

Page 24 of 130


- Ta c: ( ) ( )
( )
3
8 3
* 2 3
3 2 6 3 2 6 4
x
x
x
x x x x
=
=

+ + + + =


- p s:
108 4 254
3;
25
x

+
=
`

)

5,
2 2
2 8 6 1 2 2 x x x x + + + = +
- iu kin:
2
2
1
2 8 6 0
1
1 0
3
x
x x
x
x
x
=
+ + >


>


>


- D thy x = -1 l nghim ca phng trnh
- Xt vi 1 x > , th pt cho tng ng vi: ( ) 2 3 1 2 1 x x x + + = +
Bnh phng 2 v, chuyn v dng c bn ( ) ( ) f x g x = ta dn ti nghim trong
trng hp ny nghim 1 x =
- Xt vi 3 x s , th pt cho tng ng vi: ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 3 1 2 1 x x x + + = +
Bnh phng 2 v, chuyn v dng c bn ( ) ( ) f x g x = ta dn ti nghim trong
trng hp ny l:
25
7
x =
- p s:
25
; 1
7
x

=
`
)

6,
2
( 1) ( 2) 2 x x x x x + + = S:
9
0;
8
x

=
`
)

7,
3 3
4 3 1 x x + =
- S dng phng php h qu gii quyt bi ton, th li nghim tm c.
- p s: { } 5; 4 x =
8,
2 2 2
4 2 14
4 2 3 4 4 ; 2 0; 2;
3 3
x x x x t x x t x


+ = + = + = =
` `
)
)

Page 25 of 130


9,
2 2
3 3 3 6 3 x x x x + + + =
- t
2 2 2
3 3 0 3 3 t x x x x t = + > + =
- Phng trnh thnh:
( )
2 2
2
2
3
3 3 3 3 1
3 3
t
t t t t t
t t
>

+ + = + = =

+ =


Suy ra { }
2
3 2 0 1; 2 x x x + = =
- Vy tp nghim ca phng trnh l { } 1; 2 x =
10,
2 3
2 4 3 4 x x x x + + = +
- iu kin: 0 x >
- t
( )( )
2 2 2 2
2
2 2
4 4
4 2; 0
2 0 2 3
u v u v
u x v x
u v u v u v uv
= + = +

= + > = >

= + =



Gii ra ta c
4
3
x = (tha mn)
11,
2
3 2 1 4 9 2 3 5 2 x x x x x + = + +
- iu kin: 1 x >
- Khi :
2
3 2 1 4 9 2 3 5 2 x x x x x + = + +

( )
2
3 2 1 3 2 1
3 2 1 1
x x x x
x x
+ = +
+ =

Gii tip bng phng php tng ng, ta c nghim 1 x =
12,
3
2 1 1 x x =
- iu kin: 1 x >
- t
3
2 ; 1 0 u x v x = = > dn ti h:
3 2
1
1
u v
u v
=

+ =


Page 26 of 130


Th u vo phng trnh di c: ( )( ) 1 3 0 v v v =
- p s: { } 1; 2;10 x =
13,
3 3
1 2 2 1 x x + =
3
3
3
1 2
1 5
2 1 1;
2
1 2
y x
y x x y x
x y
+ =

= = =
`
+ =
)

14,
2 2
5 14 9 2 5 1 x x x x x + + = + S:
9
1; ;11
4
x

=
`
)

15,
3
2 3 2 3 6 5 8 x x + =
- Gii hon ton tng t nh bi 1.12
- p s: { } 2 x =
16, 2 7 5 3 2 x x x + =
- iu kin:
2
5
3
x s s
- Chuyn v sao cho 2 v dng, ri bnh phng 2 v ta dn ti phng trnh c bn.
Sau gii tip theo nh hc.
- p s:
14
1;
3
x

=
`
)

17,
2
2 7 2 1 8 7 1 x x x x x + = + + +
- iu kin: 1 7 x s s
- Ta c:
2
2 7 2 1 8 7 1 x x x x x + = + + +

( ) ( )
1 1 7 2 1 7 x x x x x =

1 2 5
4
1 7
x x
x
x x

= =


=
=


- p s: { } 4;5 x =
Page 27 of 130


18, ( )
2
2
3 3
2 4 2 1 2
2 2
x x
x x x
+ +
+ = + =
- t
3
1
2
x
y
+
+ =
( )
( )
2
2
2 1 3
2 1 3
x y
y x

+ = +


+ = +


- p s:
3 17 5 13
;
4 4
x


=
`

)

19, ( )
2
2
4 13 5 3 1 2 3 4 3 1 x x x x x x + = + + + = +
- t
( )
( )
2
2
2 3 3 1
2 3 3 1
2 3 4 2 3
y x
y x
x x y

= +

= +

+ + =


- p s:
15 97 11 73
;
8 8
x

+
=
`

)

20,
2 2 2 2
5 5
1 1 1
4 4
x x x x x + + = +
- iu kin: 1 x s
- PT cho
2 2
1 1
1 1 1
2 2
x x x + + = +
- p s:
3
; 1
5
x

=
`
)

Bi 2. Gii cc bt phng trnh v t sau:
1,
2 2
( 3) 4 9 x x x s S: | )
13
; 3;
6
x
| (
e

(
\

2, 3 2 8 7 x x x + > + S: | | | | 4;5 6;7 xe
3,
2
2
2
1 1 4 4
3 3 3 1 4 4 3
1 1 4
x x
x x
x
x

< < >
+
S: { }
1 1
; \ 0
2 2
x
(
e
(


Page 28 of 130


4,
3 1 1
3 2 7 2 2
2 2 2
x x t x
x x x
+ < + = + >
S:
8 3 7 1 8 3 7
0; ;1 ;
2 4 2
x
| | | |
+ | |
e
| |
|
| |
\ .
\ . \ .

5, 1 3 4 x x + > + S: ( ) 0; xe
6,
2 2 2
5 10 1 7 2 2 x x x x t x x + + > = + S: ( ) ( )
{ }
1; ; 3 \ 1 2 2 xe
7,
2
8 6 1 4 1 0 x x x + + s S:
1 1
;
2 4
x
|
e
`
|

. )

8, 2 1 3 2 4 3 5 4 x x x x + < +
- iu kin:
4
5
x >
- ( )
( ) 3 1
1
* 3 2 4 3 5 4 2 1
3 2 4 3 5 4 2 1
x
x
x x x x
x x x x

< <
+ +

Nu 1 0 x VT VP s > > : BPT v nghim
Nu 1 0 x VT VP > < < : BPT lun ng
- p s: ( ) 1; xe
Bi 3. Gii cc h phng trnh sau:
1,
1 3
2
1 3
2
x
y x
y
x y

+ =

+ =

- y l h i xng loi II
- iu kin: 0; 0 x y = =
- Tr v theo v ta c: ( )
1 1
2 4
2
x y
x y
xy x y
= | |
=
|
=
\ .

Vi x y = , h tng ng vi
2
2 1 x x
x
= =
Page 29 of 130


Vi
2
2 xy y
x

= = , th vo pt u c:

2 2
3 3 3
2
2 2
2 2
x y
x x
x
x x
x y

= =
= =

= =


- Vy h c nghim: ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) { }
; 1;1 , 1; 1 , 2; 2 , 2, 2 x y =
2,
( )( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2
3 2 12
(3 2 )( 1) 12
2 4 8 0
3 2 8
x y x x
x x y x
x y x
x y x x

+ + =
+ + =


+ + =
+ + + =


t
2
3 2 ; u x y v x x = + = + suy ra:
12 6 2
8 2 6
uv u u
u v v v
= = =
v

+ = = =


Gii tng trng hp ta dn ti p s: ( ) ( ) ( )
3 11
; 2; 6 , 1; , 2; 2 , 3,
2 2
x y
| | | |
=
`
| |
\ . \ . )

3,
2 2
4 2 2 4
5
13
x y
x x y y
+ =

+ =


- y l h i xng loi I i vi
2
x v
2
y
- p s: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) { }
; 2; 1 , 2; 1 , 1; 2 , 1, 2 x y =
4,
2
2 2
3 2 16
3 2 8
x xy
x xy y
=

- y l h ng cp bc 2
- Nhn xt x = 0 khng tha mn h, ta xt 0 x = , t y tx =
H tr thnh:
( )
( )
2
2 2
3 2 16
1 3 2 8
x t
x t t
=


- Gii h ny tm t, x
- p s: ( ) ( ) ( ) { }
; 2; 1 , 2,1 x y =
Page 30 of 130


5,
5 2 7
5 2 7
x y
y x

+ + =

+ + =

5 2 5 2 x y y x x y + + = + + =
S: ( ) ( ) ; 11;11 x y =
6,
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
3 1
1 3 0 2 1
2
1
5
1 1 5 1
1 0
1
2
x x y x y x y x y
x
x y
x y
x
x
x x

+ + = + = + = + =


v

=
+ + =

= + =




S: ( ) ( )
3
; 1;1 ; 2;
2
x y
| |
=
`
|
\ . )

7,
( )( )
2 2
2 2
2 2 3 0 2 3 4 6
4 4 12 3
4 4 12 3
x y xy x y
x y x y
x y x y
+ + = + + =


+ + + =
+ + + =



S: ( )
1 3 3 3
; 2; ; 2; ; 2; ; 6;
2 2 2 2
x y
| | | | | | | |
=
`
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ . )

8,
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
3( )
3( ) 3( )
7( ) 2 2
2
5 2 0
x xy y x y
x xy y x y x xy y x y
y
x xy y x y x y x x y y x +
+ =
+ = + =



+ + = = v =


S: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) { }
; 0;0 ; 1; 2 ; 1; 2 x y =
9,
( )
3
3
1 1 1
1 0
2 1
2 1
x y x y
y x xy
y x
y x
| |
= + =
|

\ .

= +
= +



S: ( ) ( )
1 5 1 5
; 1;1 ; ;
2 2
x y
| |

=
| `
|
\ . )

10,
( )
2
2 2
0 1 4 2 4
2 ( 1) ( 1) 2
2
x y x y x y x y x y x y xy
xy x x y y y
xy

+ = v + = + + + = + + + =


= + + + + =
=


S: ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
{ }
; 2; 2 , 2, 2 , 2,1 , 1, 2 x y =
Page 31 of 130


11,
2 1 1
3 2 4
x y x y
x y

+ + + =

+ =


- t
2 2
2 1 0 1 2 1
1 2 5
0
u x y u v u u
v v u v
v x y

= + + > = = =
v

= = + =
= + >


- p s: ( ) ( ) ; 2; 1 x y =
12,
( ) ( )
( )( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
2 2
1
4
1
1 4
1
1 1 2
2 1 3
x
y x
x
x y y x y
y
y
x x y x y
y x y x
y
+
+ + = +

+ + + =
=



+ + + =

+ = + =


S: ( ) ( ) ( ) { }
; 1; 2 ; 2;5 x y =
13,
2 2 2 2
2
2
1
1
7
7
1 7
1 1 13
1
13
13
x
x
x
x
y y
xy x y y y
x x y xy y
x
x
x
y y
y y
| |

+ + =
+ + = |

+ + = \ .



+ + =
| |
+ + =
+ =
|

\ .

S: ( ) ( ) ( ) { }
; 1; 2 ; 2;5 x y =
14,
2
3 2
2
2
3
2
2 9
2
2 9
xy
x x y
x x
xy
y y x
y y

+ = +

+ = +


S: ( ) ( ) ( ) { }
; 0;0 ; 1;1 x y =
15,
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
36 25 60
36 25 60
36 25 60
y x x
y f x
z y y z f y
x f z
x z z

+ =
=

+ = =


=
+ =

vi ( )
2
2
60
36 25
t
f t
t
=
+

, , 0 x y z > nn xt hm ( ) f t trn min | ) 0; , hm ny ng bin x y z = =
Page 32 of 130


S: ( ) ( )
5 5 5
; ; 0; 0; 0 ; ; ;
6 6 6
x y z
| |
=
`
|
\ . )

16,
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2 2 3 3
2 2
2 2
2 2
3 8
8 2 8 2
3 3 1
3 2
3 2
x
x x y y x x y y
y
x
x y
x y
x y

= + = +
=



= +
= +


= +


S: ( ) ( )
4 78 78 4 78 78
; 3; 1 ; ; ; ;
13 13 13 13
x y
| | | |

=
| | `
| |
\ . \ . )


Bi 4. Gii bng phng php hm s, nh gi:
1, 2 10 3 2 3 10
x x
x x = + = 2 x = l nghim duy nht
2,
( ) ( ) ( )
3
5 2 6 5 2 6
5 2 6 5 2 6 3 1
3 3 3 3
x x
x x x | | | |
+
+ + = + =
| |
| |
\ . \ .

- Do
5 2 6 5 2 6
1 0
3 3 3 3
+
> > > nn hm
5 2 6
3 3
x
| |
+
|
|
\ .
ng bin trn R, cn hm
5 2 6
3 3
x
| |

|
|
\ .
nghch bin trn R.
Nu
5 2 6
0 1
3 3
x
x
| |
+
> >
|
|
\ .
PT v nghim
Nu
5 2 6
0 1
3 3
x
x
| |

< >
|
|
\ .
PT v nghim
- Vy PT cho v nghim.
3, ( )
2 2
3 13 4 3 3 6 * x x x + = + +
- Nu
3
4 3 0
4
x x s s PT v nghim
Page 33 of 130


- Nu
3
4
x > , ta c: ( ) ( )
2 2
* 3 13 3 6 4 3 0 f x x x x = + + + =
V ( )
2 2
1 1 3
3 4 0,
4
3 13 3 6
f x x x
x x
| |
' = < >
|
+ +
\ .
nn hm f(x) ng bin trn
khong
3
;
4
| |

|
\ .
, m ( ) 1 0 f = do 1 x = l nghim duy nht.
- p s: 1 x =
4,
4 4
1 17 2 x x + =
- iu kin: 1 17 x s s
- Xt hm ( )
4 4
1 17 f x x x = + c: ( )
( ) ( )
3 3
4 4
1 1 1
0 9
4
1 17
f x x
x x
| |
|
' = = =
|

\ .

Lp bng bin thin, nhn xt ( ) ( ) 1 17 2 f f = = suy ra PT c 2 nghim l { } 1;17 x =
- p s: { } 1;17 x =
5,
( ) ( )
2
lg 6 lg 2 4 x x x x + = + +
- iu kin: 3 x >
- PT cho ( ) lg 3 4 0 x x + = 4 x = l nghim duy nht
6, ( ) ( )( )
9 2 2 3 2 5 0 3 1 3 2 5 0 3 2 5 0 1
x x x x x
x x x x x + + = + + = + = =
7,
( ) 2 3
log 1 log x x + =
- iu kin: 0 x >
- t
( )
3
2
log
3
log 1 0
1 2
t
t
t x
x
t x
x
=
=


= + >
+ =

nn:
( )
1 3
3 2 1 1 2 9
2 2
t
t
t
t
t x
| |
| |
= + = = =
|
|
|
\ .
\ .

Page 34 of 130


- p s: 9 x =
8, 4 7 9 2
x x
x + = + . S dng hm s, tnh o hm cp 2 ri lp bbt. S: { } 0;1 x =
Bi 5. Gii cc phng trnh m sau:
1,
( ) ( )
2 2
3 3
2 3 2 3 14
x x
+ + =
( )
2
3
2 3
x
t = + . S: 3 x =
2,
2
4.3 9.2 5.6
x
x x
= . Chia 2 v cho
3
2
2
x
x
t
| |
=
|
\ .
S: 4 x =
3, ( )
3
2
4 4
2 2
2
3
4
4
8 4.3 2 3 4 log 3
2 log 2 2
x x
x x
x x
x
x
x
x x


+ +
=

= = =

= +


4,
2 2 2
1 2 2
9 10.3 1 0 3
x x x x x x
t
+ + +
+ = = S: { } 2; 1;0;1 x =
5,
( ) ( )( )
2
0
3 2 9 .3 9.2 0 3 2 3 9 0
2
x x x x x x x
x
x
=

+ + = =

=


6,
( ) ( )
3
5 21 7 5 21 2
x x
x+
+ + = S: 0 x =
7,
1 1 1
2.81 7.36 5.16 0
x x x

+ = S:
5
2
9
log
4
x =
8,
( ) ( )
2 2
2
1 1 2 1 1
2
2
1
3
2 .3 2 .3 1 log 2 .3 0
1 log 3 2
x x x x x x x
x
x

=

(
= = =

(
=


9,
( )
( ) ( ) { }
9 9
3 log 1 log 2
9 9 9
1
3 log 2 log 3 log 1 3;729
2
x x
x x x x x

= = = (


10,
( )( ) { }
3 1 3 3
.3 27 .3 9 3 9 3 0 0;2; 3
x x x
x x x x x x x
+
+ = + = =
Bi 6. Gii cc phng trnh logarit sau:
Page 35 of 130


1,
2
3 3
3
log log 1
x
x
x
+ =
- iu kin:
0
1
3
x
x
>


- t
3
log t x = , ta bin i PT v dng: { }
2
1
1 1; 2;0
1
t
t t
t

+ = =
+

- p s:
1
;1;3
9
x

=
`
)

2,
5 5
log 5 log 25 3
x
x + =
- iu kin:
0
5
x
x
>


- t
5
log t x = , ta bin i PT v dng: ( ) { }
1
2 3 0;2
1
t t
t
+ + = =


- p s: { } 1;25 x =
3,
( ) ( )
{ }
3 2
3
2
2
2 2
2 4 3
2
2
3 2
0 2 1
0 4 3 1
3 1
log 3 log 3 2;3
3 0
0 4 3 1
2 4 3
x x x
x x
x
x
x x x
x
x
x x x
+

< + =

< =

= =

>

< =

+ =



4, ( ) { }
3 9 3
3
4 1
2 log log 3 1 log 1;4 ;81
1 log 3
x
x t x t x
x

= = = =
`

)

Page 36 of 130


5,
( ) 2
2
3 2
8 10
2 5 2
3 2
0 2 5 2 1
log log 2 0 0 8 10 1 3
2 8 10
x
x x
x x
x x x x
x x x
+
+ +

< + + =

+ = < + = =

+ = +


6,
2 3
16 4
2
log 14log 40log 0
x x x
x x x + =
- iu kin:
0
1 1
; ; 2
16 4
x
x
>


=
`


- Nhn xt 1 x = l nghim ca pt cho, xt 1 x = ta t log 2
x
t =
2 42 20 1 1
0 ; 2 4; .
1 4 1 2 1 2 2
t t x x
t t t
+ = = = = =
+ +

- p s:
1
;2;4
2
x

=
`
)

7, ( )
2
2
log 2 2log 4 log 8 *
x x
x
+ =
- iu kin:
0
1
;1
2
x
x
>


=
`


- t:
2
log t x = , bin i c pt:
1 4 6
2 1 1
1 1
t t t
t t t
+ = = + =
+ +

- p s: 2 x =
8, ( ) ( )( )
2
2 2 2 2
log 4 log 3 0 log 1 log 3 0 2 x x x x x x x x + + = + = =
9, ( ) ( ) ( )
3
1 8
2
2
log 1 log 3 log 1 0 * x x x + =
- iu kin: 1 3 x < <
Page 37 of 130


- Ta c: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
* log 1 log 3 log 1 0 x x x + + =
( )( ) ( )
2
1 17
1 3 1 4 0
2
x x x x x x

+ = = =
- p s:
1 17
2
x
+
=
10,
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
log 2 3log 2 5 x x x x + + =
- t
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
log 2
1 1
3 5 2
log 2
u x x
u v u
u v v
v x x

=
+ = =



+ = =

= +


- p s:
7
4
x =
11,
1
3 3 3 3 3
28
log (3 1)log (3 3) 6 log (3 1) log ;log 10
27
x x x
t x
+

= = =
`
)

Bi 7. Gii cc bt phng trnh m:
1,
2
2 2
2
2 2
1
9 2 3 3 0
3
x x
x x x x
t


| |
s = >
|
\ .
/S: 1 2 1 2 x s s +
2,
2
2 1 2 1
3 3
3 2 5.6 0 3. 5. 2 0
2 2
x x
x x x + +
| | | |
s s
| |
\ . \ .
/S:
3
2
log 2 x s
3,
2
2 4 2 1 0
2 1
x
x x
x
t + > = >

/S:
( ) ( )
( )
2
0;log 4 2 2 1; xe
4,
3 1 2
2 7.2 7.2 2 0 2 0
x x x x
t
+
+ = = > /S: { } 1;0;1 x =
Page 38 of 130


5,
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 4 2 2 1
2 4 2 2 1
2 4 2 2 1
1
( )
2 16.2 2 0
2 16.2 2
0
1 1
( )
2 16.2 2 0
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x
I
x x
II



>

s


s

+ <

>



Gii tng h bt phng trnh (I), (II) ta c p s: ( )
( )
; 1 1 3;1 3 xe
6, iu kin: 1 x >
Ta c:
( ) ( )
2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0
x x x x x x x +
+ s + s

( )( )
2
1 1
2 2 2 1 0 1 2
x x
x

s s s
p s: 1 2 x s s
Bi 8. Gii cc bt phng trnh logarit:
1, ( )
( ) ( )
1 2 2
1 1 0 1 1
log 2 2
2 1 0 2 1
x
x x
x
x x x x
+
+ > < + <


> v

> + < < +



2 3 0 x + < <
2,
2
4 2
(log 8 log )log 2 0
x
x x + >
- iu kin: 0 1 x < =
- Ta c: ( )( )
2
4 2
(log 8 log ) log 2 0 3log 2 log 2 1 log 2 0
x x x x
x x + > + + >

1
log 2 0
1
log 2 1 1
2
x
x
x
x
>
>


s s <



- p s: { }
1
; \ 1
2
x
|
e +
|

.

Page 39 of 130


3,
2
2 2
2
2 1 0 2 1
2 3
log 0
2 3 2 3
3 8
0 1 1
3 8 3 8
x
x x
x
x x
x
x x

> < <



+
< v

+ +
+
< < >

+ +

5
3
2
x < <
4, ( )
2
2
1 2
2
1 1
log 2 3 1 log 1
2 2
x x x + + >
- iu kin:
2
1
2 3 1 0 1
2
x x x x + > > v <
- Ta c: PT
( )
( )
2
2
2 2
1 1 1
log 2 3 1 log 1
2 2 2
x x x + + >

( )
2
2
2
1 1 1 1
log 1 2
2 1 3 2 2 3 1
x x
x
x x x

> > s <
+

- p s:
1 1
3 2
x s <
5, Ta c:
( ) ( )
2 2
3 1 1
2 2
log log 3 1 0 log 3 3 x x < < <

2 2
1 23 46
3 1 4 2
8 8 4
x x x < < < < < <
6,
( ) ( )
2
3
3
log 1 log 2 1 2
0
2 1
x x
x
+
>


- iu kin:
1
2 1 0
2
x x > >
- Khi BPT ( ) ( )
2
3
3
log 1 log 2 1 2 0 x x + >
( )
3 3
log 1 log 2 1 1 x x + >
( ) 1 2 1 3 ,(*) x x >
Page 40 of 130


+ Xt vi 1 x > , th ( )
2
* 2 3 2 0 2 x x x > >
+ Xt vi
1
1
2
x < < , th ( )
2
* 2 3 4 0 x x + s : V nghim
- p s: 2 x >
Bi 9. Gii cc h phng trnh m, logarit:
1,
( )( )
2 2
ln(1 ) ln(1 )
ln(1 ) ln(1 )
2 10 0 12 20 0
x x y y
x y x y
x y x y x xy y
+ = + + + =


= + =



0
2 10
x y
x y
x y x y
=
= =

= v =


2, ( ) ( ) ( ) { }
2 2
2 2
1 1
3 3
10
10
0, 0 ; 3;1 ; 1;3
log log 1 0
3
x y
x y
x y x y
x y
xy
+ =
+ =

> > =

+ + =

=


3,
( )
( )
2 5
2 2
3
3 .2 972 log 3 .2 log 2 .3
log 2
3
x y x y
x y
x y
= =


=
=



2 2
log 3 2 5log 3 5
2 3
y x x
y x y
+ = + =


= =


4,
2 2
2
2 4 1
2 4 2 1
x y
x y x y +
+ =

+ + =


- t 2 0; 4 0
x y
u v = > = > h tr thnh:
2 2
1
1
u v
u v uv
+ =

+ + =

- h i xng loi 1 i vi u,
v
- Gii h dn ti v nghim. Vy h v nghim
5,
2 1
2 1
2 2 3 1

2 2 3 1
y
x
x x x
y y y

+ + = +

+ + = +


- T h suy ra:
Page 41 of 130



2 1 2 1
1 2 2 3 1 2 2 3
x y
x x x y y y

+ + + = + + + ( ) ( ) 1 1 f x f y =
Trong ( )
2
1 3
t
f t t t = + + + ng bin trn R nn suy ra 1 1 x y x y = =
- Th vo phng trnh u ta c:
2 1
1 2 2 3
x
x x x

+ + = , phng trnh ny c
nghim duy nht x = 1 (sd pp hm s)
- Vy ( ) ( ) ; 1;1 x y =
6, iu kin: 0; 0 x y x y + > >
Ta c:
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2 2
13
lg 1 lg13
10
lg lg 3lg2
8
x y x y
x y x y
x y x y

+ = + =


+ = +

+ =



( ) ( )
( )
2 2
8 9
13
5 10
5
1 7
8
5 10
x y x
x y x y
x y x y x y y

+ = =

+ + =




+ = = =




7,
( )
( )
( )
( )
3
5
27 .3 5
27 .3 5
3log
5
y x
y x
x y
x y
x y
x y x y
x y

+ =
+ =


+ =
+ =



( )
( )
3
3
3
3
5 5
27.5 .3 5 3 4
27 27
5 1
5
5
x y
x y
y x
x y
x y
x y x
x y y
x y
x y

| |

=
= = = |
\ .

+ = =


+ =

+ =


8,
1
2 2 1
2 1 1
1 2 2 1
x
x x
y y
y
+
+ +

= + +

+ = +


- t
1
1 0; 2 2
x
u y v
+
= + > = > , h tr thnh:
( )
( )
2
2
1
1 2
v u u
u v v
=

= +


Th (1) vo (2) c: ( ) ( )
2
4 3 2
2 1 0 1 1 0 1 u u u u u + = + = =
Suy ra 0 v = (khng tha mn)
Page 42 of 130


- Vy h v nghim
Bi 10. Tm tham s m phng trnh:
1,
2 4
1 x x m + = c nghim
- iu kin 0 x >
- t
2
0 t x = > , pt cho thnh: ( )
4 4
1 f t t t m = + =
PT cho c nghim ( ) f t m = c nghim 0 t >
0 1 m < s
2,
4 4
13 1 0 x x m x + + = c ng mt nghim
- Ta c:
4 4 4 4
13 1 0 13 1 x x m x x x m x + + = + =

( ) ( )
4 3 2 4
1 1
4 6 9 1 , 1 13 1
x x
x x x m x x m x
s s



= + =


- PT cho c ng 1 nghim ( ) 1 c ng 1 nghim tho mn 1 x s
th hm s
3 2
4 6 9 y x x x = vi ( | ;1 xe giao vi ng thng 1 y m =
ti ng 1 im.
- Xt hm
3 2
4 6 9 y x x x = vi ( | ;1 xe , lp bng bin thin t ta dn ti p
s ca bi ton l: 1 11 10 m m < >
3,
( ) ( )
2
2 1
2
log 4 log 2 2 1 0 x mx x m + + + = c nghim
- Ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 1 2 2
2
log 4 log 2 2 1 0 log 4 log 2 2 1 x mx x m x mx x m + + + = + = +

( ) ( )
2
2
1
2 2 1 0
2
4 2 2 1
2 2 1 2 1 0
x m x m
x mx x m
f x x m x m

> + >



+ = +

= + + =


- PT cho c nghim ( ) f x c nghim
1
2
x m >
Page 43 of 130



0
1
1 2 0
2
9
0
4
1
1 2
2
m m m
m
m m
' A =

> s


' > A >

' + A >



Bi 11. Tm tham s m bt phng trnh:
1,
( )
2
1
2
log 3 1
m
m
x
+
+
+ > ng vi mi x R e
- Ta c:
2, .2 2 3 1
x x
m m s + c nghim
- t
2
2 3 0 2 3
x x
t t = > = + , h tr thnh:
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
1
3 1 *
2
t
m t t m m f t
t
+
+ s + s =
+

- BPT cho c nghim ( ) * c nghim 0 t > ( )
0
1
ax
2 3 2
t
m m f t m
>
s s


3,
( )
2
2 2 1 (2 ) 0 m x x x x + + + s c nghim 0;1 3 x
(
e +


- t
2
2 2 t x x = + , vi | | 0;1 3 1; 2 x t
(
e + e

. H tr thnh:
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
2
1 2 0 , *
1
t
m t t m f t
t

+ + s s =
+

- BPT cho c nghim 0;1 3 x
(
e +

( ) * c nghim | | 1; 2 t e

| |
( )
1;2
2
ax
3
m m f t m s s
Bi 12. Tm tham s m h phng trnh:
1,
2 0
1
x y m
x xy
=

+ =

c nghim duy nht


Page 44 of 130


- Ta c:
( )
2
2 0
2 1 1
y x m
x y m
x x m x x xy
= =


= + =





( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
1 1
2 1 0
2 1
y x m y x m
x x
f x x m x
x x m x


= =

s s


= =
=


- H cho c nghim duy nht f(x) c duy nht mt nghim nh hn hoc bng 1,
(*)
V ( )
2
2 4 0, m m A = + > nn f(x) lun c 2 nghim phn bit; do (*) xy ra khi
v ch khi ( ) f 1 2 0 2 a m m = s >
- p s 2 m>
2,
2 1 2 1
2
7 7 2010 2010
( 2) 2 3 0
x x x
x
x m x m
+ + + +

+ s

+ + + >

c nghim
- iu kin: 1 x >
- Ta c:
2 1 2 1
7 7 2010 2010
x x x
x
+ + + +
+ s

( ) ( )
2 1 2 1
7 1005 2 1 7 1005 2 1
x x x
x x x
+ + + +
+ + + s + + +

( ) ( )
2 1 2 1 f x x f x + + s + + (*)
Trong ( ) 7 1005
t
f t t = + , d thy ( ) f t l hm ng bin trn R
Do ( ) * 2 1 2 1 1 x x x x + + s + + s
- H cho c nghim
2
( 2) 2 3 0 x m x m + + + > c nghim | | 1;1 xe

2
2 3
: ( )
2
x x
m g x
x
+
> =

c nghim | | 1;1 xe

| | 1;1
min ( ) 2
x
m g x m
e
> >
Page 45 of 130


3,
( ) ( )
2 2
2
1 1 2
1
m y
x n
m nxy x y

+ + + =

+ + =

c nghim vi mi n R e
- k cn: Gi s h c nghim vi mi n R e th h c nghim vi 0 n =
Vi 0 n = h tr thnh:
( )
{ }
2
2
2
0 0 1 1
0;1
1 1
1
m
m x x
m
m x y
m x y

= = + =
v =

= =
+ =


- K :
+ TH1: Xt 0 m = , h tr thnh:
( )
2
2
1 1
1
y
n
nxy x y

+ =

+ =

v nghim
+ TH2: Xt 1 m = , h tr thnh:
( )
2 2
2
1 1 1
;
0
0
y
x x n
n
y
nxy x y

= + + =


=

+ =


Vy 1 m = h lun c nghim vi mi n R e
Bi 13. Chng minh rng h
2
2
2007
1
2007
1
x
y
y
e
y
x
e
x

c ng 2 nghim tha mn
iu kin x > 0, y > 0
Gii: T h suy ra : ( ) ( )
2 2
1 1
x y
x y
e e f x f y
x y
= =


Vi ( ) ( )
( )
2 3
2
1
0 1
1
1
t t
t
f t e f t e t
t
t
' = = + > >


suy ra hm ( ) f t l hm
ng bin trn ( ) 1; do ( ) ( ) f x f y x y = =
Nn: ( )
2 2
2007 2007 0
1 1
x x
x x
e g x e
x x
= = + =


Ta c: ( )
( )
( )
( )
3 5
2 2
1 3
; 0, 1
1 1
x x
x
g x e g x e x
x x
' '' = = + > >


Page 46 of 130


( ) g x ' ng bin trn ( ) 1; , m ( ) ( )
1
lim ; lim
x x
g x g x
+
+
' ' = = + nn ( ) 0 g x ' = c
duy nht mt nghim
0
x ; m ( ) ( )
1
lim ; lim
x x
g x g x
+
+
= = +
( ) 0 g x = c ng 2 nghim (pcm)
Bi 14. Xc nh m bpt: ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
9 2 .6 1 .4 0
x x x x x x
m a m

+ + > nghim ng
vi mi x tha mn 1 x >
Gii: Ta c: ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
9 2 1 .6 1 .4 0
x x x x x x
m m

+ + >
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
9 3
2 1 1 0
4 2
x x x x
m m

| | | |
+ + >
| |
\ . \ .

t
2
2
3 3
2 2
x x
t t

| |
= >
|
\ .
v 1 x > , bpt tr thnh: ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 1 1 0 * t m t m + + > .
Vy bpt cho ng vi mi x tha mn ( ) 1 * x > ng vi
3
2
t >
( )
2
2 1 3
,
2 1 2
t t
f t m t
t
+ +
= > >

( )
3
2
min 3
t
f t m m
>
> s

Bi 15. Xc nh m pt sau c 3 nghim phn bit:
( ) ( )
2 2
3 3 3 3
log .log 2 3 log 2log 2 3 2 0 x x x m x x x m + + + = .
Gii: iu kin: 0 x >
Ta c:
( ) ( )
2 2
3 3 3 3
log .log 2 3 log 2log 2 3 2 0 x x x m x x x m + + + =
( ) ( ) ( )
2
3 3
2
8
log 2 log 2 3 0
( ) 2 3 3 0 (*)
m
x
x x x m
f x x x
=
+ =

= + =


PT cho c 3 nghim phn bit ( ) * c 2 nghim phn bit dng khc 8
Page 47 of 130



( )
3
3 2 0
3 3 0 log 2 1
8 51 3 0
m
m
m
c
m
a
f
' A = >

= > < <

= =


p s:
3
log 2 1 m < <

nh chnh: Trong bi c c mt s khng chnh xc, trong phn hng dn
gii ny chnh sa li ph hp hn. Rt mong cc em thng cm.


Page 48 of 130


luyn tp s 3: Chuyn nguyn hm tch phn
(Cc em hy c gng t lm, li gii thy s gi sau 1 tun, sau chng ta cng
trao i tng bi Box dnh ring cho lp luyn thi Ton VIP)
Tnh cc tch phn sau:
2
1
0
2
xdx
I
x
=
+
}
3
2
1
1
7
x x dx
I
x

}
6
3
2
1
2 1 4 1
I dx
x x
=
+ + +
}
( )
4
4
3
2
1
dx
I
x x
=
+
}
10
5
5
2 1
dx
I
x x
=

}
1
8 3
6
0
1 I x x =
}
1
7
0
3 2
2 1 1
x
I dx
x
+
=
+ +
}
1 2
8 2
0
4
2 5 2
x x
I dx
x x
+
=
+ +
}
( )
2 2
9
1
1
2 2
x
I dx
x x

=
+ +
}
2 2
5 2
10
0
1 I x x dx = +
}
11 2
0
sin
3 cos
x x
I dx
x
t
=
+
}
( )
2
1
12 2
0
1
1
x
I dx
x
+
=
+
}
( )
3 2
13 3
2
1
1
x x
I dx
x
+
=

}
2
14
0
sin
sin cos
x
I dx
x x
t
=
+
}
3 3
15 4
6
sin
cos
x
I dx
x
t
t
=
}
3
16 3
4
1
cos .sin
I dx
x x
t
t
=
}
( )
2
3 3
17
0
sin cos I x x dx
t
= +
}
( )
2
18 2
0
sin 2
2 sin
x
I dx
x
t
=
+
}
( )
2
19 2
0
sin 2
2 sin
x
I dx
x
t
=
+
}
( )
4
20 2
0
cos 2
sin cos 2
x
I dx
x x
t
=
+ +
}
( )
2
3 2
21
0
1 sin sin I x xdx
t
=
}
3 2
22
0
4sin
1 cos
x
I dx
x
t
=
+
}
3 2
23 2
0
sin cos
1 cos
x x
I dx
x
t
=
+
}
ln3
24
0
2
x
dx
I
e
=
+
}
1 2
25
0
1
x
x
e
I dx
e
=

}
2
26
0
.sin .cos I x x xdx
t
=
}
( )
27 2
1
ln
1
e
e
x x
I dx
x
+
=
+
}
10
2
28
1
lg I x xdx =
}
( ) ( )
2
29
0
2 5 ln 1 I x x dx = + +
}

( )
1 2 2
30 2
0
1
x
x e
I dx
x
=
+
}
( )
1
2
31
0
ln 1 I x x dx = +
}
( )
2
32
sin2
x
I x e x dx

= +
}
2
33 2
2
cos
4 sin
x x
I dx
x
t
t

+
=

}
4
sin
34
0
(tg cos )
x
I x e x dx
t
= +
}
2
35
1
3
ln
ln 1
e
x
I dx
x x
=
+
}
36
1
3 2ln
1 2ln
e
x
I dx
x x

=
+
}
4
37
0
2 1
1 2 1
x
I dx
x
+
=
+ +
}
2
38
0
sin 2
3 4sin cos 2
x
I dx
x x
t
=
+
}
1 3
2
39
2
0
4
x
x
I xe dx
x
| |
=
|

\ .
}

2
40
2 2
0
sin sin 2
3sin 4
x x
I dx
x cos x
t
+
=
+
}

( )
0
3
41
1
1
x
I x e x dx

= + +
}

( )
ln3
43
3
0
1
x
x
e
I dx
e
=
+
}

( )
2
1
3 2
44
0
1
x
I x e x dx = + +
}

4
45
0
1 cos 2
x
I dx
x
t
=
+
}

Page 49 of 130


luyn tp s 3: Chuyn nguyn hm tch phn
1, ( )
( )
2
2 2
3
2
1
0 0 0
2 2 8
2 2 4 2 2 1
3 3 2 2
xdx
I x dx x x
x x
| | | |
= = + = + + =
| |
+ + \ . \ .
} }

2,
3 3 3 3 3
2
1 1 1 1 1
( 7) ( 1) ( 1) 1 6 1
1 ( 1) 6
7 7 7 7
x x dx x dx x x dx x dx
I x d x
x x x x

= = + =

} } } } }

( )
3
3
2
2 2
1
2 4 2
1 6 6
3 3
x I I ' ' = = vi
3
2
1
( 1)
7
x dx
I
x

' =

}

tnh
3
2
1
( 1)
7
x dx
I
x

' =

}
ta t
2
1 1 x t x t = = +
( )
2
2 2 2
2 2 2
0 0
0
2 6 6
2 1 2 3ln 2 2 3ln(2 3)
6 6 6
t dt t
I dt t
t t t
| |
| |
' = = + = + = + |
|
|
+ \ .
\ .
} }

Do :
2
32 2
48ln(2 3)
3
I =
3,
6
3
2
1
2 1 4 1
I dx
x x
=
+ + +
}

i bin
2
4 1 4 1 2 t x t x tdt dx = + = + =
5 5 5
3 2 2
3 3 3
( 1) ( 1)
2 1 ( 1) ( 1)
tdt d t d t
I
t t t t
+ +
= =
+ + + +
} } }
( )
5
3
1 3 1
ln 1 ln
1 2 12
t
t
| | | |
= + + =
| |
+
\ . \ .

4,
( )
( )
( )
( )
4 3 3
4 4 4
3
4 3 3
2 2 2 2
1 1 1
1 1 1 65
ln ln 1 ln 2 ln
3 1 3 3 9 1
x dx d x
dx
I x x
x x x x
+ +
(
= = = + =
(
+ +
} } }

5,
10
5
5
2 1
2ln 2 1
dx
I
x x
= =

+
}
(i bin 1 t x = )
6,
1
8 3
6
0
1 I x x =
}

i bin
3 2 3 2
1 1 2 3 t x t x tdt x dx = = =
Page 50 of 130


( ) ( )
0 1
2
2 2 6 4 2
6
1 0
2 2
1 2
3 3
I t t dt t t t dt = = +
} }
1
6 5 3
0
2 2 16
3 7 5 3 315
t t t | |
= + =
|
\ .

7,
1
7
0
3 2
2 1 1
x
I dx
x
+
= =
+ +
}
(i bin 2 1 1 t x = + + )
8,
( ) ( )
1 1 2
8 2
0 0
4 14 1 14 9
2 2 ln 2 ln3
2 5 2 3 2 3 2 1 3 2
x x
I dx dx
x x x x
| |
+
= = + = +
|
|
+ + + +
\ .
} }

9,
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
2 2 2
9 3
1 1 2
2 4 2 3
1
2 2
2
x x
x
I dx dx
x x
x
+ + +

= =
+ +
+
} }

( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 1 3
2 2 2
1
2 2 3 2 x x x dx
(
= + + + +
(

}

( ) ( ) ( )
2
3 1 1
2 2 2
1
2 5
2 2 2 6 2 2 3
3 3
x x x
(
= + + + =
(


10,
( )
2
3
2 2 3 7 5 3
1
2
5 2 2 2
10
0 1
1
2
1 1 ...
7 5 3
t x
t t t
I x x dx t t dt
= +
| |
= + = = + =
|
\ .
} }

11,
11 2
0
sin
3 cos
x x
I dx
x
t
=
+
}

i bin t x dt dx t = =
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
11 11 2 2 2
0 0 0
sin sin cos
3 cos 3 cos 3 cos
t t t t d t
I dt dx I
t t t
t t t
t t t
t
t

= = =
+ + +
} } }

( ) ( )
2
1 2 6
3tan
11 2 2 2
0 1
6
3 1 tan
cos
2 3 cos 2 3 2 3 3tan 6 3
u v v du
d t
du
I
t u v
t
t
t
t t t t
=

+

= = = =
+ + +
} } }

12,
( )
( )
2
1 1
1
2
12 2 2
0
0 0
1
2
1 ln 1 ln 2 1
1 1
x
x
I dx dx x x
x x
+
| |
= = + = + + = +
|
+ +
\ .
} }

Page 51 of 130


13,
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
3
2
3 3 2
13 3 3 2
2 2
2
1 1 1 1 1 1 5
ln 1 ln 2
1 4
1 1 2 1
x x x x
I dx dx x
x
x x x
(
+ + +
= = = = + (


(

} }

14,
2
14
0
sin
sin cos
x
I dx
x x
t
=
+
}
( )
2
0
sin cos '
1
1
2 sin cos 4
x x
dx
x x
t
t
+ | |
= =
|
+
\ .
}

15,
3 2 3 3 3
15 4 4 3
6 6 6
sin 1 cos 1 1 14 26 3
cos
cos cos 3cos cos 3 27
x x
I dx d x
x x x x
t t t
t t t
| |
= = = + =
|
\ .
} }

16,
( )
( )
3 3 3
16 3 2 3 2 3
4 4 4
sin
1 cos
cos .sin cos .sin 1 sin sin
d x
x
I dx dx
x x x x x x
t t t
t t t
= = =

} } }


( )
3 3
2 2
3 2 2 3
2 2
2 2
1 1
1 1
dt t
dt
t t t t t
| |
= = + +
|
\ .
} }


3
2
2
2
2
2
1 1 1 1
ln ln 1 ln3
2 2 2 3
t t
t
| |
= = +
|
\ .

17,
( )
2 2 2
3 3 3 3
17
0 0 0
sin cos sin cos I x x dx xdx xdx
t t t
= + = +
} } }


( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
0 0
2 2 3 3
0 0
sin cos cos sin
cos sin 4
cos sin
3 3 3
xd x xd x
x x
x x
t t
t t
= +
| | | |
= + =
| |
\ . \ .
} }

18,
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
18 2 2
0 0
sin 2 sin
2 sin
2 sin 2 sin
x x
I dx d x
x x
t t
= =
+ +
} }


( )
( )
( )
( )
1 1
2 2
0 0
2
0
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
2 ln 2 2ln 2 1
2
t
t
dt dt
t t
t
t
+
= =
+ +
| |
= + + =
|
+
\ .
} }

Page 52 of 130


20,
( )
( )( )
( )
4 4
20 2 2
0 0
sin cos cos sin
cos 2
sin cos 2 sin cos 2
x x x x
x
I dx dx
x x x x
t t
+
= =
+ + + +
} }

t sin cos 2 cos sin t x x dt x x = + + = , khi 0 3; 2 2
4
x t x t
t
= = = = +
Do :
2 2
2 2 2 2
20 2 2
3 3 3
2 1 2 2 2 2 5
ln ln 2
3 3
t
I dt dt t
t t t t
+
+ +
+ | | | |
= = = + = +
| |
\ . \ .
} }

21,
( )
2 2 2
3 2 2 5
21
0 0 0
1 sin sin sin sin I x xdx xdx xdx
t t t
= =
} } }


( )
( )
2 2
2
2
0 0
2 2
2 4
0 0
2 3 5
0
1 cos 2
1 cos cos
2
sin 2
1 2cos cos cos
2 4
2cos cos 8
cos
4 3 5 4 15
x
dx x d x
x x
x x d x
x x
x
t t
t t
t
t t

= +
| |
= + +
|
\ .
| |
= + + =
|
\ .
} }
}

22, ( )
3 2 2 2
22
0 0
4sin 4sin
cos
1 cos 1 cos
x x
I dx d x
x x
t t
= =
+ +
} }

( ) ( )
2 2 2
0
0
cos
4 1 cos cos 4 cos 2
2
x
x d x x
t t
| |
= = =
|
\ .
}

23,
( )
3 2 2 2
2
23 2 2
0 0
sin cos 1 cos
1 cos
1 cos 2 1 cos
x x x
I dx d x
x x
t t
= = +
+ +
} }

( )
2
2
1
1
1 1 1 1 ln 2
ln
2 2 2
t
dt t t
t

= = =
}

24,
( )
( )
( )
ln3 ln3 ln3
24
0 0 0
1 1 1
2 2 2 2
x
x
x x x x x
d e
dx
I d e
e e e e e
| |
= = =
|
+ + + \ .
} } }


ln3
0
1 1 3 1 1 6
ln ln ln ln
2 2 2 5 2 2 5
x
x
e
e
| |
= = =
|
+
\ .

Page 53 of 130


25,
( ) ( )
1 1 1 2
25
0 0 0
1
1 1
1 1 1
x x
x x x
x x x
e e
I dx d e e d e
e e e
| |
= = = +
|

\ .
} } }


( ) ( ) ( )
1
3 1
2 2
0
2 2
1 2 1 1 2
3 3
x x
e e e e
| |
= + = +
|
\ .

26,
( )
2 3 3 3
26
0
0 0 0
1 1
.sin .cos cos cos cos
3 3
I x x xdx xd x x x xdx
t t t
t | |
= = =
|
\ .
} } }


( ) ( )
3
2
0
0
1 1 sin
1 sin sin sin
3 3 3 3 3 3
x
x d x x
t
t
t t t | |
= + = + =
|
\ .
}

27,
( )
( )
27 2
1 1
ln 1
ln
1
1
e e
e e
x x
I dx x x d
x
x
+ | |
= = +
|
+
\ . +
} }

( ) ( )
1 1
1 1
ln ln
1 1
e
e
e e
x x d x x
x x
| |
= + + +
|
+ +
\ .
}

1 1
1 1 1 2 1 2
1 1
1 1 1 1
e e
e e
e e
dx dx
e x x e x e
| |
= + + + = + =
|
+ + + +
\ .
} }

28,
( ) ( )
10 10 10
10
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
28
1
1 1 1
1 1
lg lg lg lg
2 2
I x xdx xd x x x x d x
| |
= = =
|
\ .
} } }


( )
( )
10 10
2
1 1
10
10
2 2
1
1
10
2 2
1
1 2 1
100 lg 50 lg
2 ln10 2ln10
1
50 lg lg
2ln10
50 1 50 99
50 50
ln10 2ln 10 ln10 4ln 10
x xdx xd x
x x x d x
xdx
| |
= =
|
\ .
| |
=
|
\ .
= + =
} }
}
}

29,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2
29
0 0
2 5 ln 1 ln 1 5 I x x dx x d x x = + + = + +
} }

Page 54 of 130



( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2
2
0
0
2
0
2
2
0
5
5 ln 1
1
4
14ln3 4
1
14ln3 4 4ln 1 18ln3 10
2
x x
x x x dx
x
x dx
x
x
x x
+
= + +
+
| |
= +
|
+
\ .
| |
= + + =
|
\ .
}
}

30,
( )
1 1 2 2
2 2
30 2
0 0
1
1
1
x
x
x e
I dx x e d
x
x
| |
= =
|
+
\ . +
} }


( )
( )
1
1 1 2 2 2
2 2 2
0 0 0
1 1 2 2
1
2 2 2
0
0 0
1
2 2 2 2
0
1
2
1 1 2
2 2
1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
x
x x
x x x
x
x e e
d x e xe dx
x x
e e
xd e xe e dx
e e e e
= + = +
+ +
= + = +
| |
= = =
|
\ .
} }
} }

31, ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
2 3
31
0 0
1
ln 1 ln 1
3
I x x dx x d x = + = +
} }


( )
( )
1 1 3
1
3 2
0
0 0
1
3 2
0
1 1 ln 2 1 1
ln 1 1
3 3 1 3 3 1
ln 2 1 2ln 2 5
ln 1
3 3 3 2 3 18
x
x x dx x x dx
x x
x x
x x
| |
= + = +
|
+ +
\ .
| |
= + + =
|
\ .
} }

32,
( )
2 2 2
32
sin2 sin2
x x
I x e x dx x e dx x xdx

= + = +
} } }


( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
1
cos 2
2
1
2 cos 2 cos 2
2
1 1
cos 2 2 sin 2
2 2
1 1 1
cos 2 2 sin 2 sin 2
2 2 2
1 1 1
2 1 cos 2 sin 2 cos 2
2 2 4
x
x x
x x
x x x
x
x d e x d x
x e xe dx x x x xdx
x e x x xd e xd x
x e x x xe e dx x x xdx
x x e x x x x x

=
= + +
= +
= + +
= + + +
} }
} }
} }
} }

Page 55 of 130


33,
2 2 2
33 2 2 2
2 2 2
cos cos
4 sin 4 sin 4 sin
x x x x
I dx dx dx
x x x
t t t
t t t

+
= = +

} } }

Ta c:
( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
0
4 sin 4 sin 4 sin
t x
x t t
A dx dt dt A A
x t t
t t t
t t t

=

= = = = =

} } }

( )
2 2 2
2
2 2 2
cos 1 1 1 1 2 sin ln3
sin ln
4 sin 4 2 sin 2 sin 4 2 sin 2
x x
B dx d x
x x x x
t t t
t t t

+ | |
= = + = =
|
+
\ .
} }

Vy
33
ln3
2
I A B = + =
34,
4 4 4
sin sin
34
0 0 0
sin
(tan cos ) cos
cos
x x
x
I x e x dx dx e xdx
x
t t t
= + = +
} } }


( )
4
2
sin sin 4
4 2
0
0
0
2 ln 2
lncos ln 1
2 2
x x
x d e e e
t
t
t
= + = + = +
}

35,
2
35
1
3
ln
ln 1
e
x
I dx
x x
=
+
}

t
2
1
ln 1 ln 1 2 t x t x tdt dx
x
= + = + =
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
2 3
35
1
1 1
2 2
1
2 2
2 2 1 1 1
3 3
t
I tdt t d t t
t

= = = =
} }

36,
36
1
3 2ln
1 2ln
e
x
I dx
x x

=
+
}

t
2
1
2ln 1 2ln 1 t x t x tdt dx
x
= + = + =
( )
2
2 2 2 3
2
36
1 1
1
4 10 2 11
4 4
3 3 3
t t
I tdt t dt t
t
| |
= = = =
|
\ .
} }

Page 56 of 130


37,
4
37
0
2 1
1 2 1
x
I dx
x
+
=
+ +
}

t ( ) ( )
2
1 2 1 1 2 1 1 t x t x dx t dt = + + = + =
( )
4
4 4 2
37
2 2
2
1 1
1 2 2 ln ln 2 2
2
t t
I t dt t dt t t
t t
| | | |
= = + = + =
| |
\ .
\ .
} }

38,
( )
2 2
38 2
0 0
sin sin
sin 2
3 4sin cos 2 2 4sin 2sin
xd x
x
I dx dx
x x x x
t t
= =
+ + +
} }


( )
( )
1
1
2
0 0
1 1 1 1 2ln 2 1
ln 1 ln 2
2 1 2 2 4
2 1
tdt
dx t
t
t
| | | |
= = + + = =
| |
+
\ . \ . +
}

39,
( ) ( )
1 1 1 3 2
2 2 2
39
2 2
0 0 0
1 1
4
2 2
4 4
x x
x x
I xe dx xd e d x
x x
| |
= = +
|

\ .
} } }


4 1
4 3 2 2
2
2
3
0 3
2 2
1 1 4 1 1 1 2
8
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3
1 1 32 61
6 3 3 3
4 2 3 4 12
x
x
e t e
xe dt t t
t
e e
| | | | | |
= = +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
+ | |
= = +
|
\ .
}

40,
2 2 2
40
2 2 2 2 2 2
0 0 0
sin sin 2 sin sin 2
3sin 4 3sin 4 3sin 4
x x x x
I dx dx dx
x cos x x cos x x cos x
t t t
+
= = +
+ + +
} } }

C:
( )
1 2 2
2 2 2 2
0 0 0
cos
sin
3sin 4 3 3
d x
x dt
A dx
x cos x cos x t
t t
= = =
+ + +
} } }

t
( )
2
3 tan 3 1 tan t u dt u du = = + th:
( ) ( )
2
6 6 6 6
2
2
0 0 0 0
3 1 tan
sin
1 1 sin 1
ln ln3
cos 1 sin 2 1 sin 2
3 3tan
u du
d u
du u
A
u u u
u
t t t t
+
+
= = = = =

+
} } }

( )
( )
2
2 2
2
2
2 2 2
0
0 0
4 sin
sin 2
2 4 sin 2 2 3
3sin 4 4 sin
d x
x
B dx x
x cos x x
t t
t

= = = =
+
} }

Page 57 of 130


Vy
( ) 40
ln3
2 2 3
2
I A B = + = +
41,
( )
0 0 0
3 3
41
1 1 1
1 1
x x
I x e x dx xe dx x x dx A B


= + + = + + = +
} } }

Ta c:
( )
0 0 0
0
1
1 1 1
2 1
x x x x
A xe dx xd e xe e dx e


= = = + =
} } }


( )
3
1
0 1 7 4
1
3 3 3
1 0
0
9
1 3 1 3
7 4 28
t x
t t
B x x dx t t dt
= +

| |
= + = = =
|
\ .
} }

Vy
41
37
2
28
I A B e = + =
43,
( )
ln3
43
3
0
1
x
x
e
I dx
e
=
+
}

t
2
1 1 2
x x x
t e t e tdt e dx = + = + =
2
2 2
43 3 2
2
2 2
2 2 2
2 1
tdt dt
I
t t t
= = = =
} }

44,
( )
2 2
1 1 1
3 2 3 3 2
44
0 0 0
1 1
x x
I x e x dx x e dx x x dx A B = + + = + + = +
} } }

Ta c:
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
1 1 1
1
3 2 2 2
0
0 0 0
1 1
2 2
x x x x
A x e dx x d e x e e d x
| |
= = =
|
\ .
} } }


2
1
0
1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
x
e e e
e
| | | |
= = =
| |
\ . \ .


( )
2
2
1 2 5 3
1
3 2 2 2
0 1
1
2 2 2
1 1
5 3 15
t x
t t
B x x dx t t
= +
| | +
= + = = =
|
\ .
} }

Vy
44
1 2 2 2 17 4 2
2 15 30
I A B
+ +
= + = + =
45, ( )
4 4 4 4
4
45 2 0
0 0 0 0
1 1
tan tan tan
1 cos 2 2cos 2 2
x x
I dx dx xd x x x xdx
x x
t t t t
t
| |
|
= = = =
| +
\ .
} } } }

Page 58 of 130



4
0
1 1 2 1
ln cos ln ln 2
8 2 8 2 2 8 4
x
t
t t t
= + = + =

Page 59 of 130



LUYN TP S 4: HNH HC KHNG GIAN

Phn A: Th tch khi a din.
Bi 1: Cho hnh chp S.ABC, trong SA vung gc vi mt phng (ABC). y l tam
gic ABC cn ti A, di trung tuyn AD l a , cnh bn SB to vi y mt gc o v
to vi mt (SAD) gc | . Tm th tch hnh chp S.ABC
Bi 2: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh ch nht vi , 2 , AB a AD a = = cnh SA
vung gc vi y, cn cnh SB to vi mt phng y gc 60 . Trn cnh SA ly im
M sao cho
3
3
a
AM = . Mt phng (BCM) ct cnh SD ti N. Tnh th tch khi chp
S.BCMN
Bi 3: Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c cnh bng a , v SH l ng cao ca hnh
chp. Khong cch t trung im I ca SH n mt bn (SDC) bng b . Tm th tch hnh
chp S.ABCD
Bi 4: Cho lng tr tam gic ABC.A
1
B
1
C
1
c y ABC l tam gic vung cn vi cnh
huyn 2 AB a = . Mt phng (AA
1
B) vung gc vi mt phng (ABC). Gi s
1
AA 3 a = , gc
1
AA B Z nhn v mt phng (AA
1
C) to vi mt phng (ABC) gc 60 .
Tm th tch lng tr.
Bi 5: Tnh th tch khi t din ABCD bit , , AB a AC b AD c = = = v cc gc , BAC Z
, CAD DAB Z Z u bng 60 .
Bi 6: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh thoi cnh , a 60 BAD Z = , ( ) SA mp ABCD
v SA a = . Gi C l trung im ca SC. Mt phng (P) qua AC v song song vi BD ct
cc cnh SB, SD ca hnh chp ln lt ti B, D. Tm th tch hnh chp S.ABCD
Bi 7: Cho hnh vung ABCD c cnh bng a . Qua trung im I ca cnh AB dng
ng thng (d) vung gc vi mp(ABCD). Trn (d) ly im S sao cho:
3
.
2
a
SI = Tm
khong cch tu C n mp(SAD).
Bi 8: Cho hnh chp S.ABC c 3 SA a = v ( ). SA mp ABC ABC A c 2 , AB BC a = =
120 . ABC Z = Tm khong cch t A n mp(SBC).
Bi 9: Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCD c cnh bng a . Gi K l trung im ca
DD. Tm khong cch gia CK v AD.
Bi 10: Cho lng tr ng ABC.ABC. Gi M l trung im ca AA. Chng minh
rng thit din CMB chia lng tr thnh hai phn tng ng.
Bi 11: Cho hnh chp tam gic S.ABC. Gi s M, N, P l ba im ln lt trn SA, BC,
AB sao cho M, N tng ng l trung im ca SA, BC cn
1
3
AP
AB
= . Thit din vi hnh
chp S.ABC to bi mt phng (MNP) ct SC ti Q.
1. Chng minh
1
.
3
SQ
SC
=
2. Chng minh thit din chia hnh chp thnh hai phn tng ng.
Bi 12: Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c cc mt bn to vi mp y gc 60 .
1. V thit din qua AC v vung gc vi mp(SAD)
Page 60 of 130



2. Thit din chia khi chp thnh hai phn c th tch tng ng l V
1
, V
2
. Tm t
s
1
2
V
V
.
Phn B: Quan h vung gc trong khng gian.
Bi 1: Hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh a v SA SB SC a = = = .
1. Chng minh mt phng (ABCD) vung gc vi mt phng (SBD).
2. Chng minh SBD A vung ti S.
Bi 2: T din SABC c ( ). SA mp ABC Gi H, K ln lt l trng tm ca cc tam gic
ABC v SBC.
1. Chng minh SC vung gc vi mp(BHK) v ( ) ( ) SAC BHK
2. Chng minh ( ) HK SBC v ( ) ( ). SBC BHK
Bi 3: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung tm v c cnh SA vung
gc vi (ABCD). Gi s (P) l amwtj phng qua A v vung gc vi SC.
1. Chng minh ( ) ( ). SBD SAC
2. Chng minh ( ) || BD mp P
Bi 4: Trong mt phng (P) cho hnh ch nht ABCD. Qua A dng ng thng Ax
vung gc vi (P). ly S l mt im ty trn Ax ( S A = ). Qua A dng mt phng (Q)
vung gc vi SC. Gi s (Q) ct SB, SC, SD ln lt ti B, C, D. Chng minh:
' , ' AB SB AD SD v . ' . ' . ' SBSB SCSC SDSD = =
Bi 5: Cho lng tr ng ABC.ABC y l tam gic cn nh A v BAC o Z = . Gi M
l trung im ca AA v gi s mp(CMB) to vi y (ABC) mt gc . |
1. Chng minh ' . C BC | Z =
2. Chng minh tan os
2
c
o
| = l iu kin cn v ' BM MC .
Bi 6: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, c SA h = v vung
gc vi mp(ABCD). Dng v tnh di on vung gc chung ca:
1. SB v CD
2. SC v BD
Bi 7: Cho chp tam gic u S.ABC c cnh y bng 3 , a cnh bn bng 2 . a Gi G l
trng tm tam gic ABC. Tnh khong cch gia hai ng thng SA v BC.
Bi 8: Cho hnh chp tam gic S.ABC c y l tam gic u cnh 7 , a cnh bn SC
vung gc vi mp(ABC) v 7 . SC a = Tm khong cch gia hai ng thng SA v BC.
Bi 9: Trong mt phng (P) cho hnh thoi ABCD c tm l O, cnh a v
3
.
3
a
OB = Trn
ng thng vung gc vi mp(ABCD) ti O, ly im S sao cho . SB a = Tnh khong
cch gia hai ng thng SA v BD.
Bi 10: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh thoi tm O, cnh a v gc 60 BAD Z = .
on
3
4
a
SO = v SO vung gc vi mp(ABCD).
1. Dng thit din chp vi mp(P) bit (P) qua AD v vung gc mp(SBC).
2. Tnh gc gia hai mt phng (P) v (ABCD)
Page 61 of 130



Bi 11: Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCD c cnh l . a Gi E, F v M ln lt l
trung im ca AD, AB v CC. Gi o l gc gia hai mt phng (ABCD) v (EFM).
Tnh os c o
Bi 12: Trong mp(P) cho hnh vung ABCD cnh a. Dng on SA vung gc vi (P) ti
A. Gi M, N ln lt l cc im trn BC, CD. t , . BM u DN v = = Chng minh rng:
( )
2
3 3 a u v uv a + + =
l iu kin cn v hai mt phng (SAM) v (SAN) to vi nhau mt gc 30 .






Page 62 of 130


LUYN TP S 4: HNH HC KHNG GIAN
(Cc em t v hnh vo cc bi tp)
Phn A: Th tch khi a din.
Bi 1: Cho hnh chp S.ABC, trong SA vung gc vi mt phng (ABC). y l tam
gic ABC cn ti A, di trung tuyn AD l a , cnh bn SB to vi y mt gc o v
to vi mt (SAD) gc | . Tm th tch hnh chp S.ABC
HDG: Th tch hnh chp S.ABC l:
1
. .
3
ABC
V SAS
A
=
Tam gic ABC cn nh A nn trung tuyn AD cng l ng cao ca tam gic. Theo gi
thit ( ) ( ) ( )
, SA mp ABC SBA SB mp ABC o Z = =
( ) BD mp SAD BSD | Z =
t BD = x suy ra:
2 2 2 2
. tan AB a x SA a x o = + = +

2 2
2 2
2
2 2
sin sin
sin tan sin
sin
os sin
BD SA
SB
x a x
a
x
c
| o
o o |
|
o |
= =
= +
=
+

Do :
3
2 2
2 2
1 sin .sin
. . tan . .
3 os sin
a
V a x a x
c
o |
o
o |
= + =
+

Bi 2: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh ch nht vi , 2 , AB a AD a = = cnh SA
vung gc vi y, cn cnh SB to vi mt phng y gc 60 . Trn cnh SA ly im
M sao cho
3
3
a
AM = . Mt phng (BCM) ct cnh SD ti N. Tnh th tch khi chp
S.BCMN
HDG: Theo gi thit
( ) ( ) ( )
, 60
. tan60 3
SA mp ABCD SBA SB mp ABCD
SA AB a
Z = =
= =

Trong mp(SAD) k MN || AD (N thuc cnh SD) ( ) SD mp BCM N =
Theo cng thc t s th tch, ta c:

.
2
.
2 2 1
3 3 3
4 4 2
.
9 9 9
SMBC
SMBC SABC S ABCD
SABC
SMNC
SMNC SADC S ABCD
SADC
V SM
V V V
V SA
V SM SN SM
V V V
V SA SD SA
= = = =
| |
= = = = =
|
\ .

Vy:
3
. .
5 5 1 10 3
. . .
9 9 3 27
S BCMN SMBC SMNC S ABCD ABCD
V V V V SAS a = + = = =
Bi 3: Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c cnh bng a , v SH l ng cao ca hnh
chp. Khong cch t trung im I ca SH n mt bn (SDC) bng b . Tm th tch hnh
chp S.ABCD
Page 63 of 130


HDG: T gi thit suy ra H l tm ca hnh vung ABCD. Gi M l trung im ca CD,
v G l trc tm SCD (1) HG CD
M
( )
BD AD
BD SAC BD SC
BD SH


`

)
v ( ) (2) SC DG SC BDG SC HG
V I l trung im ca SH nn : ( ) ( ) ;( ) 2 ;( ) 2 HG d H SCD d I SCD b = = =

2
2 2
2 2 2
2
2
3
2 2
1 1 1
4
4
4
4
2
3 16
b
a ab
GM b v h
HG HM SH
a
b
a
V
a b
= = + =



Bi 4: Cho lng tr tam gic ABC.A
1
B
1
C
1
c y ABC l tam gic vung cn vi cnh
huyn 2 AB a = . Mt phng (AA
1
B) vung gc vi mt phng (ABC). Gi s
1
AA 3 a = , gc
1
AA B Z nhn v mt phng (AA
1
C) to vi mt phng (ABC) gc 60 .
Tm th tch lng tr.
Bi 5: Tnh th tch khi t din ABCD bit , , AB a AC b AD c = = = v cc gc , BAC Z
, CAD DAB Z Z u bng 60 .
HDG: Khng mt tnh tng qut ta gi s { } min , , a a b c =
Trn AC, AD ly ln lt hai im C
1
, D
1
sao cho AC
1
= AD
1
= a, t gi thit suy ra t
din ABC
1
D
1
l t din u cnh a nn c
1 1
3
2
12
ABC D
V a =
Theo cng thc t s th tch:
1 1
2
1 1
.
ABC D
ABCD
V
AC AD a
V AC AD bc
= =

1 1 2
2
12
ABCD ABC D
bc abc
V V
a
= =
Bi 6: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh thoi cnh , a 60 BAD Z = , ( ) SA mp ABCD
v SA a = . Gi C l trung im ca SC. Mt phng (P) qua AC v song song vi BD ct
cc cnh SB, SD ca hnh chp ln lt ti B, D. Tm th tch hnh chp S.ABCD
HDG: Gi , ' O AC BD I AC SO = = , suy ra ' ' || B D BD v ' ' B D i qua I
Tam gic SAC nhn I lm trng tm nn
2 ' ' 2
3 3
SI SB SD
SO SB SD
= = =
Theo cng thc t s th tch:

. ' '
. ' ' . .
.
' ' 2 1 1 1 1
. .
3 2 3 3 6
S AB C
S AB C S ABC S ABCD
S ABC
V SB SC
V V V
V SB SC
= = = = =
. ' '
. ' ' . .
.
' ' 2 1 1 1 1
. .
3 2 3 3 6
S AD C
S AD C S ADC S ABCD
S ADC
V SD SC
V V V
V SD SC
= = = = =
Page 64 of 130


Vy:
3
3
. ' ' ' ' . ' ' ' . ' ' ' .
1 1 3 3
.
3 3 6 18
S A B C D S A B C S A D C S ABCD
a
V V V V a = + = = =
Bi 7: Cho hnh vung ABCD c cnh bng a . Qua trung im I ca cnh AB dng
ng thng (d) vung gc vi mp(ABCD). Trn (d) ly im S sao cho:
3
.
2
a
SI = Tm
khong cch t C n mp(SAD).
HDG: Ta c:
3
.
1 3
. .
3 6
S ABCD ABCD
a
V SI S = =
p dng pitago ta c:
2
2 2 2
5
4
a
DI AI AD = + = ,
2 2 2 2
SA SI AI a = + = ,
2 2 2 2
2 SD SI DI a = + =
2 2 2
SD SA DA SAD = + A vung ti A nn
2
1 1
.SA
2 2
SAD
S AD a
A
= =
Vy khong cch cn tm l: ( ) ( )
3 3 3
,
2 2
SACD SABCD
SAD SAD
V V a
d C SAD
S S
A A
= = =
Bi 8: Cho hnh chp S.ABC c 3 SA a = v ( ). SA mp ABC ABC A c 2 , AB BC a = =
120 . ABC Z = Tm khong cch t A n mp(SBC).
HDG: Ta c: ( )
2
2
1 1
. . .sin . 2 .sin120 3
2 2
ABC
S BABC B a a
A
= = =

2 3
.
1 1
. . .3 . 3 3
3 3
S ABC ABC
V SAS a a a
A
= = =
p dng nh l hm s cosin trong tam gic ABC c:
2 2 2 2
2 . .cos 12 2 3 AC AB CB BABC B a AC a = + = =
p dng pitago trong tam gic vung:
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
13 13
21 21
SB SA BA a SB a
SC SA AC a SC a
= + = =
= + = =

Ta c:
2 2 2
15 4
os sin
2 . 273 91
SB SC BC
c BSC BSC
SB SC
+
Z = = Z =

2
1
. .sin 2 3
2
SBC
S SB SC BSC a
A
= Z =
Vy khong cch cn tm l: ( ) ( )
.
3 1
,
2
S ABC
SBC
V
d A mp SBC a
S
A
= =
Bi 9: Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCD c cnh bng a . Gi K l trung im ca
DD. Tm khong cch gia CK v AD.
HDG: K AH || CK (H thuc cnh CC), khi ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
' '
3
, ' , ' , ' ', '
AHD
AHC D
V
CK AD CK mp AHD C mp AHD C mp AHD
S
A
= = = =
D thy H l trung im ca CC v tnh c
3
' ' ' '
1
. .
3 12
AHC D HC D
a
V ADS
A
= =
Page 65 of 130


Xt tam gic AHD c:
2 2
5
' ' ; 2
2
a
DH DC HC AD a = + = =

2 2
3
2
a
AH AD HD = + =
2
'
1 3 1 3
os ' sin ' . ' . ' .sin '
2 4 10 10
AD H
a
c AD H AD H S D AD H AD H
A
Z = Z = = Z =
Vy khong cch gia hai ng thng Ck v AD l:
( ) ( ) ( )
' '
3
, ' , '
3
AHD
AHC D
V a
CK AD CK mp AHD
S
A
= = =
Bi 10: Cho lng tr ng ABC.ABC. Gi M l trung im ca AA. Chng minh
rng thit din CMB chia lng tr thnh hai phn tng ng.
HDG: Gi
1
V l th tch phn a din cha im A, v V l th tch lng tr.
K hiu h l khong cch t B n mp (ACCA), ta c:

( )
1 . ' ' ' ' '
' ' ' '.
1 1
. . .
3 3
1 1 1 3 1
. . .
3 2 2 2 2
B ACC A ACC M ACC AMC
ACC ACC ACC C ABC
V V h S h S S
h S S h S V V
A A
A A A
= = = +
| |
= + = = =
|
\ .

Do th tch phn cn li cng bng
1
2
V nn ta c pcm.
Bi 11: Cho hnh chp tam gic S.ABC. Gi s M, N, P l ba im ln lt trn SA, BC,
AB sao cho M, N tng ng l trung im ca SA, BC cn
1
3
AP
AB
= . Thit din vi hnh
chp S.ABC to bi mt phng (MNP) ct SC ti Q.
1. Chng minh
1
.
3
SQ
SC
=
2. Chng minh thit din chia hnh chp thnh hai phn tng ng.
Bi 12: Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c cc mt bn to vi mp y gc 60 .
1. V thit din qua AC v vung gc vi mp(SAD)
2. Thit din chia khi chp thnh hai phn c th tch tng ng l V
1
, V
2
. Tm t
s
1
2
V
V
.
HDG: 1. V thit din qua AC v vung gc vi (SAD):
( ) DoAC SBD AC SD . K ( ) ( ) ( ) CM SD SD ACM ACM P
Vy (ACM) l thit din.
3. t
1 . D ACM
V V =

Ta c:
.
.
1
2
S ACM
S DAC
V V SM
V SD
V
'
= =
. Gi N l trung im ca CD

0
c( ) 60 HN CD SN CD g SNH =
Page 66 of 130



0
1
c( ) 60 2 . 2; 3
2
1
5 2
5
HN CD SN CD g SNH HN SN SN DN m HN a HD a SH a
V
SC SD a CM a SM a
V
= = = = = =
'
= = = = =
Phn B: Quan h vung gc trong khng gian.
Bi 1: Hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh a v SA SB SC a = = = .
1. Chng minh mt phng (ABCD) vung gc vi mt phng (SBD).
2. Chng minh SBD A vung ti S.
HDG: Gi O l tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC, v SA SB SC a = = = nn
( ) SO mp ABCD . M AC BD v ABCD l hnh thoi, nn O BD e
C: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) , SO SBD SO ABCD SBD ABCD e

Bi 2: T din SABC c ( ). SA mp ABC Gi H, K ln lt l trc tm ca cc tam gic
ABC v SBC.
1. Chng minh SC vung gc vi mp(BHK) v ( ) ( ) SAC BHK
2. Chng minh ( ) HK SBC v ( ) ( ). SBC BHK
(Bi 2: c nh chnh H, K l trc tm)
HDG: 1. V H l trc tm tam gic ABC BH AC A , theo gi thit
( ) SA mp ABC BH SA . Nn ( ) BH mp SAC SC BH
Do K l trc tm SBC BK SC A
T suy ra ( ) ( ) ( ) SC mp BHK mp BHK mp SAC (pcm)
2. Tng t nh trn ta cng chng minh c: ( ) SB mp CHK SB HK
M ( ) SC mp BHK SC HK . Do : ( ) ( ) ( ) HK mp SBC mp SBC mp BHK
Bi 3: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung tm O v c cnh SA vung
gc vi (ABCD). Gi s (P) l mt phng qua A v vung gc vi SC.
1. Chng minh ( ) ( ). SBD SAC
2. Chng minh ( ) || BD mp P
HDG: 1. V ABCD l hnh vung tm O nn AC v BD vung gc vi nhau ti O, v SA
vung gc vi (ABCD) nn ( ) ( ) ( ) SA BD BD SAC SBD SAC
2. T gi thit suy ra: ( ) ( ) P SAC , m ( ) ( ) || BD SAC BD P
Bi 4: Trong mt phng (P) cho hnh ch nht ABCD. Qua A dng ng thng Ax
vung gc vi (P). ly S l mt im ty trn Ax ( S A = ). Qua A dng mt phng (Q)
vung gc vi SC. Gi s (Q) ct SB, SC, SD ln lt ti B, C, D. Chng minh:
' , ' AB SB AD SD v . ' . ' . ' SBSB SCSC SDSD = =
HDG: T gi thit suy ra: ( ) , ' SA BC AB BC BC SAB BC AB
M ( ) ' SC Q SC AB . Do ( ) ' ' AB SBC AB SB
Ngoi ra ta cng c , ' ' ' ' BC SB SC B C SBC SC B A A nn:
Page 67 of 130


. ' . '
' '
SB SC
SB SB SC SC
SC SB
= =
Chng minh tng t ta c ' AD SD v . ' . ' SDSD SC SC =
Vy ta c pcm.
Bi 5: Cho lng tr ng ABC.ABC y l tam gic cn nh A v BAC o Z = . Gi M
l trung im ca AA v gi s mp(CMB) to vi y (ABC) mt gc . |
1. Chng minh ' . C BC | Z =
2. Chng minh tan os
2
c
o
| = l iu kin cn v ' BM MC .
HDG: 1. Trong mp(ACCA) ko di CM ct CA ti N, th A l trung im ca NC suy
ra:
1
2
BA AC AN BA CN BCN = = = A vung ti B nn BN BC .
Tng t ta c ' BN BC
D thy: ( ) ( ) ' BN mp MBC mp ABC = , t trn suy ra ( ) ( ) ( )
' , ' C BC ABC MBC | Z = =
2. V BM l trung tuyn ca ' BC N A nn: ' ' BM MC NBC A cn nh B
. os
2
' os tan
os 2
sin sin
2 2
BC c
BC BH
BC BN c
c
o
o
|
o o
|
= = = =
(Vi H l chn ng vung gc h t B xung cnh AC)
Bi 6: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, c SA h = v vung
gc vi mp(ABCD). Dng v tnh di on vung gc chung ca:
1. SB v CD
2. SC v BD
HDG: 1. V ABCD l hnh vung nn BC CD
Li c:
( ) ( )
( )
BC AB
BC SAB BC SB
BC SA doSA ABCD


Vy BC l on vung gc chung ca SB v CD, v BC a =
2. Gi O AC BD = AC v BD vung gc nhau ti O, m
SA BD ( ) BD mp SAC . Trong tam gic SAC, k OI vung gc vi SC khi BD
v OI vung gc nhau do OI l ng vung gc chung ca SC v BD
Ta c:
( )
2 2
.
2 2
SA SC SAOC ah
SAC OIC OI
OI OC SC
h a
A A = = =
+

Bi 7: Cho chp tam gic u S.ABC c cnh y bng 3 , a cnh bn bng 2 . a Gi G l
trng tm tam gic ABC. Tnh khong cch gia hai ng thng SA v BC.
HDG: Trong tam gic ABC u, ko di AG ct BC ti M AG BC
Chp S.ABC u, m G l tm ABC A ABC nn ( ) SG ABC SG BC , t suy ra
( ) BC SAG .
Trong SAM A k ( ) MN SA N SA MN BC e . Do vy MN l on vung gc chung
ca BC v SA. Ta c:
Page 68 of 130


2 . 3 3
...
4
SAM
S SGMA a
MN
SA SA
A
= = = =
Bi 8: Cho hnh chp tam gic S.ABC c y l tam gic u cnh 7 , a cnh bn SC
vung gc vi mp(ABC) v 7 . SC a = Tm khong cch gia hai ng thng SA v BC.
Bi 9: Trong mt phng (P) cho hnh thoi ABCD c tm l O, cnh a v
3
.
3
a
OB = Trn
ng thng vung gc vi mp(ABCD) ti O, ly im S sao cho . SB a = Tnh khong
cch gia hai ng thng SA v BD.
HDG: D chng minh c ( ) BD SAC (v , BD AC BD SO )
Trong mp(SAC) k ( ) OI SA I SA e OI l on vung gc chung ca SA v BD.
Ta c:
2 2
6 2 3
3 3
a a
SO OA SA SO OA = = = + =

2 . 3
...
3
SOA
S SOOA a
OI
SA SA
A
= = = =
Bi 10: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh thoi tm O, cnh a v gc 60 BAD Z = .
on
3
4
a
SO = v SO vung gc vi mp(ABCD).
1. Dng thit din chp vi mp(P) bit (P) qua AD v vung gc mp(SBC).
2. Tnh gc gia hai mt phng (P) v (ABCD)
Bi 11: Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCD c cnh l . a Gi E, F v M ln lt l
trung im ca AD, AB v CC. Gi o l gc gia hai mt phng (ABCD) v (EFM).
Tnh os c o
HDG: Ta c:
2 2 2 2 2
2 6
A ,
2 2
a a
EF AE F ME MF MC CB BF = + = = = + + =
Gi I EF AC MI EF = . M ( ) ( ) , MI EF AC MEF ABCD EF = nn:gc
gia hai mt phng (ABCD) v (EFM) l MIC o Z =
Do :
2 2
3
3 11
4
os ..
11
IF
AC
IC
c
IM
MF
o = = = =


Bi 12: Trong mp(P) cho hnh vung ABCD cnh a. Dng on SA vung gc vi (P) ti
A. Gi M, N ln lt l cc im trn BC, CD. t , . BM u DN v = = Chng minh rng:
( )
2
3 3 a u v uv a + + =
l iu kin cn v hai mt phng (SAM) v (SAN) to vi nhau mt gc 30 .
HDG: Ta c:
2 2 2 2 2 2
; AM a u AN a v = + = +
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 MN a u a v a u v a u v = + = + + +
D thy gc gia hai phng (SAM) v (SAN) l gc MAN o Z =
Do :
2 2 2
30 os os30
2 .
AM AN MN
c c
AM AN
o o
+
= = =
Page 69 of 130



( )
( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2 2
2
2
2 2
2
3
2
.
3
3 3
a u v
a u a v
a uv a u v
a u v uv a
+
=
+ +
= +
+ + =






Page 70 of 130


MT S BI TP N TP V NG
THNG TRONG KHNG GIAN.


Bi 1:
Trong khng gian ta Oxyz cho im G(1;1;1)
a) Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) qua G v vung gc vi OG
b) Mt phng (P) cu (1) ct cc trc Ox,Oy,Oz ln lt ti A,B,C.
CMR: ABC l tam gic u.
Bi 2:
Trong khng gian ta Oxyz cho mt phng (P) v ng thng
(d):

( ) : 7 0 P x y z
;
2 5 0
( ) :
2 3 0
x y z
d
x z



Vit phng trnh hnh chiu vung gc ca (d) ln (P).
Bi 3:
Trong khng gian ta Oxyz cho mt phng(P) : 4x-3y+11z-26=0
v 2 ng thng:
1 2
3 1 4 3
( ) : ( ) :
1 2 3 1 1 2
x y z x y z
d v d


a) CM:
1 2
( ) ( ) d v d
cho nhau.
b) Vit phng trnh ng thng nm trong (P) ct c
1 2
( ) ( ) d v d
Bi 4:
Trong khng gian ta Oxyz cho im M( 5;2;-3) v mt phng

( ) : 2 2 1 0 P x y z

1) Xc nh hnh chiu ca
1
M ca M ln (P).
2) Vit phng trnh mt phng (Q) qua M v cha ng thng:
Page 71 of 130


1 1 5
( ) :
2 1 6
x y z



Bi 5:
Trong khng gian ta Oxyz cho 2 im I( 0;0;1) v K( 3;0;0)
Vit phng trnh mt phng qua I, K v to vi mt phng (xOy) mt
gc bng
0
30 .
Bi 6:
Trong khng gian ta Oxyz cho 2 ng thng c phng trnh

1 2
3 1 0
1
( ) : ( ) :
2 1 0 1 2 1
x z
x y z
d v d
x y





a) CM:
1 2
( ) ( ) d v d
cho nhau.
b) Vit phng trnh ng thng d ct c
1 2
( ), ( ) d d
v song song vi

4 7 3
( ) :
1 4 2
x y z


Bi 7:
Trong khng gian ta Oxyz cho 2 ng thng c phng trnh:

1 2
2 3 5 0 2 2 3 17 0
( ) : (d ) :
2 0 2 2 3 0
x y z x y z
d v
x y z x y z






v im A( 3;2;5).
a) Tm to im
'
A i xng vi Aqua
1
( ) d
.
b) Lp phng trnh mt phng i qua
1
( ) d
v song song vi
2
( ) d
.
c) Tnh khong cch gia hai ng thng
1 2
( ) ( ) d v d
.
Bi 8:
Trong khng gian ta Oxyz cho 2 ng thng c phng
trnh:
Page 72 of 130



1 2
5 2
7 0
( ) : 1 (d ) :
2 3 16 0
5
x t
x y z
d y t v
x y z
z t


a) CM:
1
( ) d
song song vi
2
( ) d .
b) Vit phng trnh mt phng cha
1 2
( ) ( ) d v d
Bi 9:
Trong khng gian ta Oxyz cho 2 ng thng
1 2
( ), ( ) d d
v mt
phng (P) c phng trnh:
1 2
1 1 2 2 2
( ) : ( ) :
2 3 1 1 5 2
x y z x y z
d v d




( ) : 2 5 1 0 P x y z


a) CM:.
1 2
( ) ( ) d v d
cho nhau v tnh khong cch gia chng.
b) Vit phng trnh ng thng

vung gc vi (P), ct c
1 2
( ),( ) d d .

Bi 10:
Cho im A( 3;-2;5) v ng thng
2 3 0
( ) :
3 2 7 0
x y z
d
x y z


a) Vit phng trnh tham s ca (d)
b) Gi
'
A l hnh chiu ca A ln (d). Tm ta ca
'
A .




Page 73 of 130



HNG DN GII LUYN TP S 05

Bi 1:

( )
) ( ) (1;1;1;)
P
a Do OG P n n n OG = =

( ) :1( 1) 1( 1) 1( 1) 0 ( ) : 3 0 P x y z hay P x y z + + = + + =

0
) Ox : (3; 0; 0)
0
y
b V A
z
=


Tng t :
(0;3; 0) (0;3; 0) B v C

Ta c:
AB=BC=CA=3 2 ABC A
l tam gic u
Bi 2: ng thng
( ) d'
cn tm l giao tuyn ca mt phng (P) v mt
phng (Q) cha (d) v c VTCP l ( ) P n

( ) ( ) ( ). ( ) : (1; 4; 2) M(-2;0;-1) (d) (6; 1; 5)
( ) : 6( 2) 5( 1) 0 6 5 7 0
6 5 7 0
nh hnh chi u ( ) :
7 0
d Q d P Ta c u v n u n
Q x y z hay x y z
x y z
H d
x y z
(
= e = =

+ + = + =
+ =

' '

+ + =

Bi 3:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1 2
1 2
( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
( ) ( )
1 2 1 2 1 2
) : ( 1; 2;3) (1;1; 2) (0;3; 1) ; (4; 0;3)
(4; 3; 4) . . 23 0 o
d d
d d
a Ta c u u v M d M d
M M u u M M d v d ch nhau
= = e e
(
= = =

1 2
) ( ) ( 2; 7;5) ( ) (3; 1;1)
2 7 5
: ( ) :
5 8 4
b GS d P A A v d P B B
x y z
KQ AB
= =
+
= =

Bi 4:
1
( )
1 1 1
5 2
) : (2; 2;1) MM : 2 2 MM ( )
3
P MM
x t
a Ta c n u v y t m M P
z t
= +

= = = + =


Page 74 of 130


1
2(5 2 ) 2(2 2 ) ( 3 ) 1 0 2 (1; 2; 1) t t t t v M + + + + = =
( )
0 0
( ) ( )
0
) : (2;1; 6) (1;1;5) ( ) (4;1; 8)
. (1; 4;1) ( ) : 4 10 0
Q
b Ta c u v M M M
n M M u Q x y z
A
A
= e A =
(
= = + + =


Bi 5:
Gi s mt phng cn c dng :
( ) ( )
0
( )
( ) ( )
( ) : 1( , , 0)
( ) 1 ( ) 3 ( ) : 1
3 1
1 1 . 3 2
( ) ( ; ;1) (0; 0;1) os30
3 2
.
( ) : 1
3 1
3 2
2
xOy
xOy
xOy
x y z
a b c
a b c
x y z
Do I c v do K a
b
n n
n v n c b
b
n n
x y z
o
o
o
o o o
o
o
+ + = =
e = e = + + =
= = = =
+ =
Bi 6:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1 2
1 2
( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
( ) ( )
1 2 1 2 1 2
) : (1; 2;1) ; (1; 2; 3) (0; 1; 0) ; (0;1;1)
(0; 2;1) . . 8 0 o
d d
d d
a Ta c u u v M d M d
M M u u M M d v d ch nhau
= = e e
(
= = =

( ) ( )
1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
2 1 1 2 2 1
2 1 1 2 1 2
( )
1 2
) ( ; 1 2 ; ) ( ;1 2 ;1 3 )
( ; 2 2 2 ;1 3 )
1 3 1
1 2 2
2; 1 2;3; 2 : 1; 1; 4
4 7 3
: ( ) :
1 4 2
b GS d d A A t t t v d d B B t t t
AB t t t t t t
t t t t t t
Do d song song u AB
t t A B
x y z
KQ d
A
= + = +
= +

A || = =
= =

= =

Bi 7:
a) Gi I l hnh chiu ca A ln (d)
(2 ; 1 ; ) ( 2; 1; 5) I t t t AI t t t +
Page 75 of 130


1
( )
4
. 0
3
d Do AI u t = =

p dng cng thc trung im ta c kt qu:
( 15; 12;11) A
'


1 2 1 2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
) (1; 1; 1); (1; 2; 2) . ( 4; 3; 1)
(4;3;1)
d d Q d d
Q
b Do u u n u u
Hay n
(
= = = =

=
Mt khc:

1 2
(2; 1; 0) ; (0; 25;11)
( ) : 4( 2) 3( 1) 0 ( ) : 4 3 5 0
I d J d
Q x y z hay Q x y z
e e
+ + + = + + =

1 1
1 1
( ) ( )
1 2
( ) ( )
. .IJ
69
) : ( ) IJ ( 2; 24;11)
26
.
d d
d d
u u
c Ta c d d d
u u
(

= = =
(

Bi 8:
1 2 1 2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2
) : (2; 1; 1) ( 2;1;1) d d d d a V u v u u u d song song d = = =
b) Gi s mt phng cn lp l (Q) ta c:
1
1 2
( ) ( )
(5;1;5) ; (5; 2; 0) (0;1; 5)
. (0;1; 5) ( ) : 3( 5) 5( 1) 5 0
( ) : 3 5 25 0
Q d
M d N d MN
v n u MN Q x y z
hay Q x y z
e e =
(
= = + + =

+ + =

Bi 9:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1 2
1 2
( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
( ) ( )
1 2 1 2 1 2
) : (2; 3;1) ; (1; 5; 2) ( 1;1; 2) ; (2; 2; 0)
(3; 3; 2) . . 62 0 o
d d
d d
a Ta c u u v M d M d
M M u u M M d v d ch nhau
= = e e
(
= = =


1 2
1 2
1 2
. .MN
62
: ( )
195
.
u u
Ta c d d d
u u
(

= =
(


Page 76 of 130


1 1 1 1 2
2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1
2 1 2 1 2 1
( )
) (2 1; 3 1; 2)
( 2; 5 2; 2 ) ( 2 3; 5 3 3; 2 2)
2 3 5 3 3 2 2
( ) (2; 1; 5)
2 1 5
1 4 3
: ( ) :
2 1 5
P
b GS d A A t t t v d B
B t t t AB t t t t t t
t t t t t t
Do P n AB
x y z
KQ
A = + + A =
+ =

A = || = =


A = =

Bi 10:
( )
1 2
( )
) : . (8; 4; 2) ( 8;5; 0) ( )
8 4
( ) 5 2
) ( ) ( 8 4 ;5 2 ; ) (4 11; 7 2 ; 5)
. 0 3 (4; 1;3)
d
d
a Ta c u v v m M d
x t
d y t
z t
b Do A d A t t t AA t t t
M AA d u AA t A
(
= = e

= +

' ' ' e + =


' ' ' = =

Ht.






Page 77 of 130


LUYN TP S 6
Gii cc bi ton hnh hc khng gian bng phng php ta , vecto.
Bi 1: ( thi HC khi A-2007)
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, y l hnh vung ABCD cnh a. Mt bn (SAD) l tam
gic u v nm trong mt phng vung gc vi y ABCD. Gi M,N,P ln lt l cc
trung im ca SB,BC,CD. Tnh th tch t din CMNP=?
Bi 2:
Cho hnh hp ABCD.ABCD c y l hnh vung cnh a, cnh bn AA=h.
Tnh th tch t din BDDC=?
Bi 3:
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht vi AB=a, AD=2a, cnh
SA vung gc vi y, cnh SB to vi mt phng y mt gc 60 . Trn cnh SA ly
im M sao cho
3
3
a
AM . Mt phng (BCM) ct cnh SD ti im N. Tm th tch khi
chp S.BCNM=?
Bi 4: ( thi TS H Hng Vng) .
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, SA=a v SA vung gc vi
mt phng (ABCD). Tnh khong cch gia hai ng thng SC v BD=?
Bi 5:
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, SA vung gc vi mt
phng (ABCD) v SA=a. Gi E l trung dim ca CD. Tnh theo a khong cch t im S
n ng thng BE=?
Bi 6:
Trong khng gian cho t din OABC vi
(0;0; 3), ( ;0;0) A a B a
v
(0; 3;0); 0 C a a . Gi M l trung im ca BC. Tnh khong cch gia hai ng thng
AB v OM=?
Bi 7: ( thi TS CSP Ty Ninh-2006)
Cho trong mt phng (P) hnh vung ABCD cnh a. Qua trung im I ca cnh AB dng
ng thng d vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD). Trn d ly im S sao cho:
3
2
a
SI .
a)Tnh th tch hnh chp S.ACD=?
b)Tm khong cch t C n (SAD)=?
Bi 8:
Hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi tm I, cnh bng a v ng cho
Page 78 of 130



BD=a. Cnh
6
2
a
SC vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD).
CMR: Hai mt phng (SAB) v (SAD) vung gc vi nhau.
Bi 9:
Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCD cnh a.
Tnh khong cch gia AB v BC=?
Bi 10: ( thi TSH 2003 Khi A)
Cho hnh lp phng
1 1 1 1
. ABCD ABC D .
Tnh s o ca gc phng nh din :
1
, , B AC D
=?

.Ht






Page 79 of 130


HNG DN GII LUYN TP S 06

Gii ton hnh hc KG bng PP Ta ca im, vecto.
(Cc em t v hnh vo cc bi tp)
Trc ht chng ti xin c mt lu nh khi gii cc bi ton loi ny nh sau:
Vi loi bi tp ny xin khng nh vic tnh ton hon ton khng kh, song cc bn cn
chn gc tam din cho ph hp. thun li cho vic ny chng ti a ra cho cc bn 2
nguyn tc nh sau:
C 3 tia chung gc, khng ng phng, i mt vung gc vi nhau.
Nu ta ng thng theo chiu dng ca trc Oz, mt hng theo
chiu dng ca trc Oy th khi gi tay phi vung gc vi thn
ngi ngn tay s ch chu dng ca trc Ox

Bi 1: Gi O l trung im ca AD . Chn h trc Oxyz sao cho:
(O, Ox, Oy, Oz) trng vi (O,OD,ON,OS).
Ta c:

3
; ; ), (0; ; 0), ( ; ; 0)
4 2 4 2 2
3
( ;0;0), ( ; ;0), ( ; ;0), ( ;0;0), (0;0; )
2 2 2 2 2
(
a a a a a
N a P
a a a a
A B a C a D S a
M


V:
1
. .
6
CMNP CM CN CP V
(
=

vi
2 2
3
. (0; ; )
8 4
a a
CM CN
(
=

v
( ; ; 0)
4 2
a a
CP =

Vy:
3
3
96
a
CMNP V =
Bi 2: Chn gc tam din l (A, AB, AD, AA) ta c:
( ; ;0); ' ( ; ; ); ' (0; ; ) BD a a BD a a h BC a h = = =
M :
1
DD' ' . ' '
6
B C BD BD BC V
(
=

vi
. ' ( ; ; 0) BD BD ah ah
(
=


Vy :
2
DD' '
6
ha
B C V =

Bi 3: Gi S(a;0;x) ( ;0; ) SB a x =
Page 80 of 130


( )
0 0 0
60 , ( ) 90 , , 30
( ) ( )
SB ABCD SB SB
ABCD ABCD
n n
| | | |
= Z = Z Z =
| |
\ . \ .


0
2 2
.
os30 3
.
SB n x
c x a
SB n x a
= = =
+

V:

1 1
. . .
6 6
S BCMN SM SC SB SM SC SN V
( (
= +


Chn gc tam din l (A,AB,AD,AS)
Ta c: ( ) . (1;0; 3) : 3 3 0
( )
BC MN BCM x z a
BCM
n
(
= =

=
Tm giao ca (BCM) vi (SD) trong :

0
2 3
( ) : (0; ; )
3 3
3
x
a a
SD y a at N
z a t

= +


Ta c:

2 2
2 2 3
2 3 2 3
. ; ; 0
3 3
1 2 3 4 3 10 3
.
6 3 9 27
a a
SM SC
a a a
S BCMN V
| |
(
=
|
|
\ .
(
= + =
(


Bi 4: Chn gc tam din l: (A,AB,AD,AS) ta c:

3
2 2 2
4 4 4
.
6
( , ) ; . ( ; ; 2 ) ( , )
6
2 .
SC BD BC
a a
d SC BD SC BD a a a d SC BD
a a a SC BD
(

(
= = = =

(
+ +


Bi 5: Chn gc tam din l: (O;OB;OC;OA)

4
4 4
2
2 2
2
2
.
3 5
4
( ) ; . ( ; ; ) ( )
2 5
4
a
a a
SB BE
a a
d S BE SB BE a a d S BE
BE a
a
+ +
(

(
= = = =

+

Bi 6: Chn gc tam din l: (O,OB,OC,OA).
Page 81 of 130


3
2 2 2
2 2
3
.
3 3 3 15
2
( , ) ; . ( ; ; ) ( , )
2 2 2 5
9 3 .
4 2
a
ABOM OA
a a a a
d AB OM ABOM d AB OM
a a ABOM
(

(
= = = =

(

+

Bi 7:
a) Gi O l trung im ca AB; M l trung im ca CD
Chn gc tam din l: (O;OB;OM;OS)

2
2
3 3
1 3
. ; . (0; ; )
6 2
1 3 3
6 2 12
a
SACD SC SD SA SC SD a
a a
SACD
V
V
( (
= =

= =

b)
3
. ( 3; 0; 1) ( ) : 3 0
2
a
SASD SAD x z
(
= + =


( )
3
( )
2
a
d C SAD =

Bi 8: Gi K l trung im ca SA. Chn gc tam din l: (I;ID;IA;IK)

2 2 2
2 2 2
3 2 6 3
. ( ; ; )
( )
4 4 2
3 2 6 3
. ( ; ; )
( )
4 4 2
( ) ( )
2 2 2
18 6 3
0
16 16 4
.
a a a
SASB
SAB
a a a
SASD
SAD
SAB SAD
a a a
n
n
n n
(
=


(
=

= =
=
=
Vy :
( ) ( ) SAB SAD

Bi 9: Chn gc tam din (A,AB,AD, AA)


2 2 2
3
4 4 4
'. '
( ', ') ; '. ' ( ; 2 ; )
'. '
6
( ', ')
6
4
AB BC AB
d AB BC AB BC a a a
AB BC
a a
d AB BC
a a a
(

(
= =

(

= =
+ +






Page 82 of 130



Bi 10: Chn tam din (A,AB,AD, AA1)

( ) ( )
2 2
1 1
2 2
1 1
0
0 0 0
1 1 1
. ( ; 0; )
( )
1
. (0; ; )
( )
1
1 ( ) ( )
os 60
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
( ) ( )
; ; ( ), ( ) 180 60 120
.
. .
.
AB AC a a
A BC
AD AC a a
A DC
SAB SAD
c
SAB SAD SAB SAD
SAB SAD
B AC D ABC ADC
n
n
n n
n n n n
n n
(
=

(
=

| | | |
= Z =
| |
\ . \ .
Z = =
=
=
=




.Ht








Page 83 of 130


LUYN TP S 07
Hnh Cu.
Bi 1:
Cho t din ABCD c AB=CD=c; AC=BD=b; AD=BC=c. Tnh din tch mt cu
ngoi tip t din.
Bi 2:
Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c tt c cc cnh y v cnh bn u bng a. Gi
A, B, C, Dln lt l trung im ca SA,SB,SC,SD.
a) CMR: Cc im A,B,C,D,A,B,C,D cng thuc mt mt cu (C).
b) Tnh bn knh mt cu ny.
Bi 3:
Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, hai mt bn
(SAB) v (SAD) cung vung gc vi y, SA=a.
Tnh bn knh hnh cu ni tip hnh chp.
Bi 4:
Cho t din ABCD c 4 chiu cao k t 4 nh ln lt l h
1
, h
2
,h
3
,h
4
. Gi r l bn
knh hnh cu ni tip t din.
CMR:
1 2 3 4
1 1 1 1 1
h h h h r
+ + + =

Bi 5:

Cho tam giacs cn ABC c
0
120 BAC Z = v ng cao 2 AH a = . Trn ng thng A
vung gc vi (ABC) ti A ly 2 im I,J 2 bn im A sao cho: IBC l tam gic u,
JBC l tam gic vung cn.
a) Tnh cc cnh caAABC.
b) Tnh AI, AJ v chng minh cc tam gic BIJ v CIJ l cc tam gic vung.
c) Tm tm v bn knh mt cu ngoi tip t din IJBC, IABC.
Bi 6:
Trong h trc ta Oxyz cho mp( ) :2 2 15 0 x y z o + + = v im J(-1;-2;1). Gi I
l im i xng ca J qua ( ) o . Vit phng trnh mt cu tm I, bit n ct ( ) o theo mt
ng trn c chu vi l 8.
Page 84 of 130



Bi 7:
Tm tp hp tm cc mt cu i qua gc ta v tip xc vi 2 mt phng c phng
trnh ln lt l:
(P): x+2y-4=0 v (Q): x+2y+6=0
Bi 8:
Trong KG cho mt cu (S) i qua 4 im: A(0;0;1), B(1;0;0), C(1;1;1), D(0;1;0)
V mt cu (S) i qua 4 im:
1 1 1
'( ; 0; 0), '(0; ; ), '(1;1; 0), '(0;1;1)
2 2 2
A B C D .
Tm di bn knh ng trn giao tuyn ca 2 mt cu .
Bi 9:
Trong h trc T Oxyz cho 2 ng thng c PT:

1 2
5 2
( ) : ( ) : 2
0
x t x s
d y t v d y
z z s
= =


= =


= =


Vit phng trnh mt cu (S) c tm I thuc d
1
v I cch d
2
mt khong bng 3. Bit
rng mt cu (S) c bn knh bng 5.
Bi 10:
Trong h trc T Oxyz cho 2 im: A(0;-1;1) v B( 1;2;1) .
Vit PT mt cu (S) c ng knh l on vung gc chung ca ng thng AD v
ng thng ch trc Ox.
.Ht


Page 85 of 130


HNG DN GII LUYN TP S 07

Hnh Cu.
Bi 1:
Cho t din ABCD c AB=CD=c; AC=BD=b; AD=BC=c. Tnh din tch mt cu ngoi
tip t din.
Gii:
Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca BC v AD.
V ABC DBC AM DM MN AD A = A = . Tng t: MN BC
Vy MN l on vung gc chung ca AD v BC. Hay MN l ng trung trc ca AD
v BC.
Tm mt cu ngoi tip t din s l trung im ca MN.
Ta c:
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
2 4 2
b c a b c a
AM DM MN AM AN
+ +
= = = =
2 2 2
2 2
1
( )
2 2 2
MN a b c
R OA AN
+ +
= = + =

Vy:

2 2 2
2 2 2 2
1
4 . . ( )
4 2 2
4
a b c
a b c R S
t
t t
+ +
= = + + =

Bi 2:
Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c tt c cc cnh y v cnh bn u bng a. Gi
A, B, C, Dln lt l trung im ca SA,SB,SC,SD.
a) CMR: Cc im A,B,C,D,A,B,C,D cng thuc mt mt cu (C).
b) Tnh bn knh mt cu ny.
Gii:
a) Gi O, O ln lt l tm cc hnh vung ABCD, ABCD.
Khi OO' ( ) OO' ( ' ' ' ') ABCD v A B C D v OO l trc ng trn ngoi tip cc
hnh vung y.
Tm I ca hnh cu cn tm thuc OO v nm ngoi OO.
t:
Page 86 of 130




2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
. ' ' ' ( ) ( ) ( OO') ;
2 4
2 2
OO'
2 4 4
a a
OI x Do IA IA OI OA OI OA x x
SO a a
x
= = + = + + = + +
= = =

Vy 8 im A,B,C,D, A,B,C,D cng thuc mt cu tm I.
b) Bn knh :
2 2
10
8 2 4
a a a
R IA = = + =

Bi 3:
Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, hai mt bn
(SAB) v (SAD) cung vung gc vi y, SA=a.
Tnh bn knh hnh cu ni tip hnh chp.
Gii:
V
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
SAB ABCD
SAB ABCD AB AD SA
AD AB

=
`

)
. Tng t AB SA .
Ta hon ton chng minh c SB BC v SD DC
2 2 2 2
2
2
2 2
2 2 2 2
(2 2)
a a a a
SAB SAD SBC SCD ABCD a
TP
a
S S S S S S = A + A + A + A + = + + + +
= +

M
3
1 1
2
. . .
p 3 3 3
a
V SAS ABCD a a
ch
= = =
v
3 (2 2)
2
TP
V a
r
S
r

= =

Bi 4:
Cho t din ABCD c 4 chiu cao k t 4 nh ln lt l h
1
, h
2
,h
3
,h
4
. Gi r l bn
knh hnh cu ni tip t din.
CMR:
1 2 3 4
1 1 1 1 1
h h h h r
+ + + =

Gii:
Gi din tch cc mt i din vi cc nh ln lt l S
1
,S
2
,S
3
,S
4
ta c:
Page 87 of 130




1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3
; ; ;
3 3 3 3
1 1 1 1 1
3 3
TP
V V V V
V h S h S h S h S h h h h
S S S S
S S S S S
h h h h V V r
= = = = = = = =
+ + +
+ + + = = =

Bi 5:

Cho tam giacs cn ABC c
0
120 BAC Z = v ng cao 2 AH a = . Trn ng thng A
vung gc vi (ABC) ti A ly 2 im I,J 2 bn im A sao cho: IBC l tam gic u,
JBC l tam gic vung cn.
a) Tnh cc cnh caAABC.
b) Tnh AI, AJ v chng minh cc tam gic BIJ v CIJ l cc tam gic vung.
c) Tm tm v bn knh mt cu ngoi tip t din IJBC, IABC.
Gii:
a) Cc bn t tnh ra ta c:
2 2; 2 6 AB AC a BC a = = =
b) Cc bn s tnh c AI=4a v AJ=6a.
Ta thy IJ=AI+AJ=2a+4a=6a v IB
2
+ JB
2
=24a
2
+12a
2
= 36a
2
.
iu ny chng t tam gic BIJ vung ti B, tng t ta cng chng minh c
tam gic CIJ vung ti C.
c) Ta c:
0
90 IBJ ICJ Z = Z = iu ny chng t B,C nm trn mt cu ng knh IJ,
bn knh
1
IJ 6
3
2 2
a
R a = = = .
V tam gic ABC cn ti A nn ng cao Ah cng l ng trung trc.
Tm A ca ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC nm trn AH.
nh l hm s sin cho ta: 2 2 2 2
sin
BC
R R a AH
A
= = = nn A i xng vi A qua
BC.
Gi K l trung im ca AI, Tm L ca mt cu ngoi tip t din IABC l giao
im ca trc Ax ca ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC v trung trc ca on
Az nm trong mp (AIH).
Bn knh mt cu l:

2
2 2 2 2 2
2
4 4 8 2 3
4
AI
R LA AK LK AH a a a = = + = + = + =

Page 88 of 130



Bi 6:
Trong h trc ta Oxyz cho mp( ) :2 2 15 0 x y z o + + = v im J(-1;-2;1). Gi I
l im i xng ca J qua ( ) o . Vit phng trnh mt cu tm I, bit n ct ( ) o theo mt
ng trn c chu vi l 8.
Gii:
Gi I(a;b;c) ta c:

( )
2 3
1 2 1
IJ ( 1; 2; 1). IJ n
2 3 2 1 2
a b
a b c
a b c Do
c b
o
= +
+ +
= + + || = =

=


Nhng trung im M ca IJ li nm trn ( ) o nn ta c : b= -4 v I (-5;-4;5)
Ta tnh c khong cch t I n ( ) o l IO=3.
V C=2R
0
=8 nn R
0
=4 . =>
2 2 2 2
' ' 4 3 5 R IA IO AO = + = + =
Vy:
2 2 2
( ) :( 5) ( 4) ( 5) 25 C x y z + + + + =
Bi 7:
Tm tp hp tm cc mt cu i qua gc ta v tip xc vi 2 mt phng c phng
trnh ln lt l:
(P): x+2y-4=0 v (Q): x+2y+6=0
Gii:
Ta nhn thy (P) song song vi (Q) nn 2R= d( (P), (Q)).
Ly M(0;2;0) thuc (P) ta c: d( (P), (Q))= d( M, (Q)) = 2 5 5 R = .
Lc ny PT mt cu c dng: (x-a)
2
+(y-b)
2
+(z-c)
2
=5
V C i qua O(0;0;0) nn:
2 2 2 2 2 2
5 ( ) : 5 a b c I S x y z + + = e + + =
Mt khc: Mt phng song song v cch u (P) v (Q) c PT:
():
( 2 4) ( 2 6)
2 1 0
2
x y x y
x y
+ + + +
= + + =
Do
2 2 2
2 1 0 ( )
( ) ( ) :
( ) 5
x y I
I S
I S x y z
o
o
+ + = e
e

e + + =

( C nh )
Bi 8:
Trong KG cho mt cu (S) i qua 4 im: A(0;0;1), B(1;0;0), C(1;1;1), D(0;1;0)
V mt cu (S) i qua 4 im:
1 1 1
'( ; 0; 0), '(0; ; ), '(1;1; 0), '(0;1;1)
2 2 2
A B C D .
Page 89 of 130



Tm di bn knh ng trn giao tuyn ca 2 mt cu .
Gii:
Ln lt ta lp cc PT mt cu vi dng tng qut chung l:

2 2 2
2 2 2 0 x y z ax by cz d + + + + + + =

- Vi (S) ta c:
2 2 2
1 2 0
1 2 0
1
; 0 0(1)
1 2 0 2
3 2 2 2 0
c d
a d
a b c d x y z x y z
b d
a b c d
+ + =

+ + =

= = = = + + =

+ + =

+ + + + =


- Vi (S)
2 2 2
1
0
4
1
7 1 7 1 7
0
; ; 2 2 0(2)
2
4 4 2 2 2
2 2 2 0
2 2 2 0
a d
b c d
a c b d x y z x y z
a b d
b c d

+ + =

+ + + =
= = = = + + + + =

+ + + =

+ + + =


T (1) v (2) ta thy mt phng cha ng trn giao tuyn c PT:
( ) : 9 9 4 0 x y z o + + =
Vy PT ng trn giao tuyn cn tm l:

2 2 2
9 9 4 0
( ) :
1 1 1 3
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 4
x y z
C
x y z
+ + =

+ + =




Bi 9:
Trong h trc T Oxyz cho 2 ng thng c PT:

1 2
5 2
( ) : ( ) : 2
0
x t x s
d y t v d y
z z s
= =


= =


= =


Vit phng trnh mt cu (S) c tm I thuc d
1
v I cch d
2
mt khong bng 3. Bit
rng mt cu (S) c bn knh bng 5.
Gii:
V I thuc d
1
nn I( t;-t;0)
Page 90 of 130




2
2 2
2
2
.
( 2; 0;1)
( ) (5 ; 2; 0) ( )
(5; 2; 0)
6 30 45
. ( 2;5 ; 2 4) ( ) 3
5
0 (0; 0; 0)
5 (5; 5; 0)
d
u IM
u
d c IM t t d I d
Qua M u
t t
u IM t t t d I d
t I
t I
(

=
= =

+
(
= + + = =

=


Vy c 2 PT mt cu tha mn k bi ton l:

2 2 2
1
2 2 2
2
( ) : 25
( ) : ( 5) ( 5) 25
S x y z
S x y z
+ + =
+ + + =

Bi 10:
Trong h trc T Oxyz cho 2 im: A(0;-1;1) v B( 1;2;1) .
Vit PT mt cu (S) c ng knh l on vung gc chung ca ng thng AD v
ng thng ch trc Ox.
Gii:
Lp PT ng thng i qua AB ta c:

( ) : 1 3
1
x t
AB y t
z
=

= +

Gi
( ;3 1;1) ( ) M t t AB e

V N(s;0s0) thuc Ox ( ;3 1;1) MN t s t = .
S dng :
Ox
MN AB
MN

Ta tm c
1
3
t s = = .
Ta tm c :
1 1 1 1
( ; 0;1), ( ; 0; 0) ( ; 0; )
3 3 3 2
M N O l trung im ca MN.
V
1
2 2
MN
R = = .
Vy:
2 2 2
1 1
( 3) ( )
2 4
x y z + + =

.Ht

Page 91 of 130


LUYN TP S 08
BT NG THC V MIN, MAX.
Bi 1: Cho 3 s dng ty x,y,z.
CMR:
3
2 2 2 4
x y z
x y z x y z x y z
+ + s
+ + + + + +

Bi 2: Cho 3 s dng x,y,z tha mn: xyz=1
CMR:
2 2 2
3
1 1 1 2
x y z
y z x
+ + >
+ + +

Bi 3: Cho 3 s khng m ty x,y,z tha mn: x+y+z=0.
CMR:
2 4 2 4 2 4 3 3
x y z
+ + + + + >

Bi 4: Cho 3 s dng ty a,b,c:
Tm Min:
3 3 3 3 3 3
3 3 3
2 2 2
4( ) 4( ) 4( ) 2
a b c
A a b b c c a
b c a
| |
= + + + + + + + +
|
\ .

Bi 5: Cho 3 s dng ty x,y,z.
Tm Min ca:
1 1 1
2 2 2
x y z
P x y z
yz zx xy
| | | |
| |
= + + + + +
| | |
\ .
\ . \ .

Bi 6: Cho 3 s dng x,y,z tha mn iu kin: xyz=1. Chng minh rng:

2 2 2
3 3 3
1
x y z
P
x y y z y z z x z x x y
= + + >
+ + + + + +

Bi 7: Cho 3 s thc a,b,c ty . Chng minh rng:

2 2 2 2 2 2
(*)
1 . 1 1 . 1 1 . 1
a c a b b c
a c a b b c

s +
+ + + + + +

Bi 8: Cho 4 s thc a,b,c,d tha mn: a
2
+b
2
=1; c d =3. Chng minh:

9 6 2
4
F ac bd cd
+
= + s

Bi 9: Cho:
0; a c b c > > >
Chng minh:

( ) ( ) c a c c b c ab + s

Page 92 of 130



Bi 10: Cho x,y,z thuc khong (0;1) tha mn iu kin: xy + yz + zx = 1. Tm Min ca:

2 2 2
1 1 1
x y z
P
x y z
= + +


Bi 11: Cho x, y, z >1 v tho mn iu kin : xy + yz + zx > 2xyz
Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc A = (x - 1)(y - 1)(z - 1).

Bi 12. Tm gi tr ln nht v nh nht ca hm s:

4 2 2
2 2
2 1 1 1
1 1 2
x x x
y
x x
+ +
=
+ +

Bi 13. Cho 4 s bt k a,b,c,d tha mn: a+2b=9;c+2d=4. CMR:
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
12 8 52 2 2 4 8 20 4 5 a a b b a c b d ac bd c d c d + + + + + + + + + + >
Bi 14: Cho 3 s dng x,y,z tha mn: 3
-x
+ 3
-y
+ 3
-z
=1. CMR:

9 9 9 3 3 3
3 3 3 3 3 3 4
x y z x y z
x y z y z x z x y + + +
+ +
+ + >
+ + +

Bi 15:
Tm Min ca:
2 2 2
x y z
H
y z z x x y
= + +
+ + +

Trong :
2 2 2 2 2 2
, , 0
2010
x y z
x y y z z x
>

+ + + + + =


Bi 16: Tm Min, Max ca:

( )
( )
2
2 2 2 2
3 12
xy
A
x y x x y
=
+ + +

Bi 17: Cho 3 s thc tha mn: x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
=1.
Tm Min, Max ca:
( ) ( ) P x y z xy yz zx = + + + +

Bi 18: Cho 2 s dng x,y tha mn: x+y=5/4. Tm Min ca:
Page 93 of 130




4 1
4
A
x y
= +

Bi 19: CMR: Vi mi tam gic ABC ta lun c:

1 os 1 os 1 os
2 2 2
3 3
A A A
c c c
A A A
+ + +
+ + >

Bi 20: Cho 2 s khng m ty x,y tha mn 1 x y + = : Tm Min, Max ca:

1 1
x y
S
y x
= +
+ +

.Ht



Page 94 of 130


HDG LUYN TP S 08
Kin thc v Bt ng thc v tm Min, Max i khi cn xa l vi nhiu bn. Khi ng
n phn ny cc bn thng thy rt ngi lm. K c vic c mt bi gii ca ai cc
bn lun t ra cc cu hi: V sao li tch nh th m khng tch kiu khc? Sao mnh
chng minh BT n li c chiu quay liy l kin thc lm quen t cp II, trong
qu trnh hc cc bn phi rn luyn nhiu, tham kho nhiu bi gii hay, nhiu th thut
bin i th mi tm yn tm c. Ti c i iu nh vy. Mong cc bn n tp tht tt!


Bi 1: Cho 3 s dng ty x,y,z.
CMR:
3
2 2 2 4
x x x
x y z x y z x y z
+ + s
+ + + + + +

Gii:
Ta c:

( ) ( )
1 1 1 1 1
2 4
1
2 4
1 1 3
2 4 4 4
1
2 4
x y z x y x z x y x z
x x x
x y z x y x z
y y y x y y z x z
VT
x y z x y y z x y y z x z
z z z
x y z x z y z
| |
= s +
|
+ + + + + + +
\ .

| |
s +
|
+ + + +
\ .

| | | | + + +
s + s + + =
`
| |
+ + + + + + +
\ . \ .

| |

=s +
|
+ + + +
\ .
)

Du = xy ra khi v ch khi x=y=z
Bi 2: Cho 3 s dng x,y,z tha mn: xyz=1
CMR:
2 2 2
3
1 1 1 2
x y z
y z x
+ + >
+ + +

Gii:
Ta c:
Page 95 of 130




2
2
3
2
1
1 4
9 3 1 3 ( ) 3( ) 3 3
( )
1 4 4 4 4 2
1
1 4
x y
x
y
xyz y z x y z x y z
y VT x y z
z
z x
z
x
+
+ >

+

+ + + + + +
+ > > + + = > =
`
+

+
+ >

+

)

Du = xy ra khi v ch khi x=y=z=1
Bi 3: Cho 3 s khng m ty x,y,z tha mn: x+y+z=0.
CMR:
2 4 2 4 2 4 3 3
x y z
+ + + + + >

Gii:
t:

( )
1 1 1 1
3
6 6 6 6
(1)
1
18
4
, , 0
4 : 2 2 2 3 3(1)
1
4
: 2 1 1 3 2 3. 3.
3 3. 3 3
x
y
z
a
a b c
b V a b c
abc
c
Ta c a a a a a VT a b c
abc
=
>
= + + + + + >

=

| |
+ = + + > + > > + +
|
\ .
> =

Du = xy ra khi v ch khi x=y=z=0
Bi 4: Cho 3 s dng ty a,b,c:
Tm Min:
3 3 3 3 3 3
3 3 3
2 2 2
4( ) 4( ) 4( ) 2
a b c
A a b b c c a
b c a
| |
= + + + + + + + +
|
\ .

Gii:

( )
3 3 3 3 3 3
3 3 3
2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
3
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
3 3 3
3
2 2 2
3 3
4( ) 4( ) 4( ) 2
:4( ) 8 ( ) 4( ) 2
4( ) 4( ) 4( ) 2 6
1 1
2 6 6 12 12
a b c
A a b b c c a
b c a
V a b ab a b ab
a b b c c a ab bc ca abc
a b c
V A abc Min A
b c a
abc abc
| |
= + + + + + + + +
|
\ .
+ > + >
+ + + + + > + + >
| | | |
+ + > > + > =
| |
\ . \ .

Page 96 of 130



Du = xy ra khi v ch khi a=b=c=1.
Bi 5: Cho 3 s dng ty x,y,z.
Tm Min ca:
1 1 1
2 2 2
x y z
P x y z
yz zx xy
| | | |
| |
= + + + + +
| | |
\ .
\ . \ .

Gii:
Ta c:


( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
1 1
2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 3 1
: 3 ( ) 1 .
2 2 2
( )
3 1 9 9
3 ( ) . .
2 2 2
( )
x y z x y z x y z x y z
P x y z
xyz xyz xyz xyz xyz
V x y z xyz V
xyz xyz xyz
xyz
P xyz MinP
xyz
| | + + + + + +
= + + + = + = + + +
|
\ .
| |
+ + > + = + + >
|
\ .
> = =

Du = xy ra khi v ch khi x=y=z=1
Bi 6: Cho 3 s dng x,y,z tha mn iu kin: xyz=1. Chng minh rng:

2 2 2
3 3 3
1
x y z
P
x y y z y z z x z x x y
= + + >
+ + + + + +

Gii:

2 3
3 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3
2 2 2 2 2 2
:
: 0
2 .
x x
V
x y y z x xy y
x y x y y z z x
M x y
x xy y x xy y y yz z z zx x
x y z y z x
x xy y y yz z z zx x x xy y y yz z z zx x
x y y z z x
P
x xy y y yz z z zx x
V
=
+ + + +

= + + =
+ + + + + + + +
+ + = + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
= + +
+ + + + + +
3 3 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3
3
2 2
1
: ( ) . :
3
2
2 ( ) 2 2 1.
3 3
x y x xy y x xy y
x y m
x xy y x xy y x xy y
x y x y
P x y z xyz P
x xy y
+ + +
= + >
+ + + + + +
+ +
> = + + > = >
+ +


Page 97 of 130



Bi 7: Cho 3 s thc a,b,c ty . Chng minh rng:

2 2 2 2 2 2
(*)
1 . 1 1 . 1 1 . 1
a c a b b c
a c a b b c

s +
+ + + + + +

Gii:
t:

| |
tan
tan (*) sin( ) sin( ) sin( )
tan
: sin( ) sin ( ) ( ) ) sin( ) os( ) os( )sin( )
sin( ) os( ) os( ) sin( ) sin( ) sin( )
a
b
c
V c c
c c
o
| o | | o

o o | | o | | o | |
o | | o | | o | |
=

= + >

= + = +
s + s +

iu phi chng minh.
Bi 8: Cho 4 s thc a,b,c,d tha mn: a
2
+b
2
=1; c d =3. Chng minh:

9 6 2
4
F ac bd cd
+
= + s

Gii:
Gi:

( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
; ( ) : 1 ; : 3
: ( ) ( ) 2 2
( ) 2( ) 1 9 2
A a b A C x y v B c d B d x y
Tac AB a c b d a b c d ac bd
a b c d ac bd cd F
e + = e =
= + = + + +
= + + + = +

V AB nh nht khi v ch khi A,B thuc ng vung gc vi d k t O.

2
3 2 3 2 2 22 12 2
1
2 2 4
22 12 2 11 6 2 9 6 2
10 2 5
4 4 4
ABMin OB OA AB
F F F

= = = >
+
> > s

Bi 9: Cho:
0; a c b c > > >
Chng minh:

( ) ( ) c a c c b c ab + s

Gii:
Gi:
Page 98 of 130




( )
( )
,
,
: . . ( ) ( )
a c b c a c b c b
b a c c b a c c a
Do a b a b c a c c b c ab
= + =
= + =
s + s

Bi 10: Cho x,y,z thuc khong (0;1) tha mn iu kin: xy + yz + zx = 1. Tm Min ca:

2 2 2
1 1 1
x y z
P
x y z
= + +


Gii:

t

( )
2 2 2
3
tan
2
tan tan tan
1
2 2 2
tan t anA tan tan
2 2
1 tan 1 tan 1 tan
2 2 2
tan
2
: : t anA tan tan t anA. tan . tan 3 t anA. tan . tan
3 3
t anA tan tan t anA. tan . tan 3 3
2
A
x
A B C
B
y P B C
A B C
C
z
V Trong ABCta c B C B C B C
B C B C P

= = + + = + +

A + + = >
+ + = > >

Du = xy ra khi v ch khi A=B=C=60
0
hay
1
3
x y z = = =

Bi 11.
Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng ln hn 1 v tho mn iu kin :
xy + yz + zx > 2xyz
Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc A = (x - 1)(y - 1)(z - 1).
Gii:
Ta c: xy + yz + zx > 2xyz
1 1 1
2
x y z
+ + >

t:
Page 99 of 130




( )( )( ) ( )( )( )
( )( )( )
1
, , 0
1 1 1
1 2 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1
1 1 1
1
2
1 1 1
( 1)( 1)
1 1
2 ; 2
1 1
( 1)( 1) ( 1)( 1)
1 1
8
1 1 1 1 1 1 8
1 1
1 1 1 ax
8 8
x a
a b c
y b
a b c
z c
a b c
b c bc
a b c
b c
ca ab
b c
c a a b
abc
abc
a b c a b c
x y z M A
=

>

| | | |
= > > +

| |
+ + + + +
\ . \ .

=
+ + +

> + >
+ + +
+ +
> >
+ +
+ + + +
> s
+ + + + + +
s =

Bi 12.
Tm gi tr ln nht v nh nht ca hm s:

4 2 2
2 2
2 1 1 1
1 1 2
x x x
y
x x
+ +
=
+ +

Gii:
t:

( )
| |
2
2 2
2
2
2 2 2 2 2
2
2
, 0 1
2
;
2 2
1
1 ( 1) 4
:
2
2
2; 2
ax (0) 1
0
' 0
4
lim
4 2
3
2
t
a b a x
ab a b
y
a b a b
b x
t a b a b
Coi t a b
t t
y
t
t
M y y
t
y
y
t
y t
t

> = +
+
=

+ + =
=

( ( = s + + =

=

+
=
+
e
= =

=
= <
= +


+

Vy hm s t Max=1 v khng t Min.
Bi 13.
Cho 4 s bt k a,b,c,d tha mn: a+2b=9;c+2d=4. CMR:
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
12 8 52 2 2 4 8 20 4 5 a a b b a c b d ac bd c d c d + + + + + + + + + + >
Gii:
Chn A(a;b) v B(c;d) ta c: M(6;4) v N(2;-4) v:
Page 100 of 130




( ) ( )
1
2
2 2
2 2
( ) : 2 9 0
( ) : 2 4 0
: 12 8 52 6 4
A d x y
B d x y
Ta c a a b b a b AM
e + =

e + =

+ + = + =


( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
4 8 20 2 4
a c b d ac bd a c b d AB
c d c d c d BN
+ + + = + =
+ + + = + + =


2 2
: (6 2) (4 4) 4 5 M AM AB BN MN + + > = + + =
Bi 14.
Cho 3 s dng x,y,z tha mn: 3
-x
+ 3
-y
+ 3
-z
=1. Chng minh rng:

9 9 9 3 3 3
3 3 3 3 3 3 4
x y z x y z
x y z y z x z x y + + +
+ +
+ + >
+ + +

Gii:
t:

( )( )
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
( )( )
2 2 2 3 3 3
2 2 2
3 3 3
2 2
3 3 3
3 3
3
, , 0
3
1 1 1
1
3
:
:
.
: 3
8 4
x
y
z
a
a b c
b ab bc ca abc
a b c c
a b c a b c
Tac VT
a bc b ca c ab a abc b abc c abc
a a a
V
a abc a ab bc ca a b a c
a b c
VT
a b a c b c b a c a c b
a a b a c a
Ta c
a b a c
=
>


= + + =

+ + =

=

= + + = + +
+ + + + + +
= =
+ + + + + +
> + +
+ + + + + +
+ +
+ + >
+ +
( )( ) ( )( )
3
3 3
3
64 4
3 3
;
4 4
3
2 ( )
8 4 4
a
b c
b c
b c b a c a c b
a b a c b c a b c
VT a b c VT VP dpcm
=
> >
+ + + +
+ + + + + + +
| |
+ > + + > =
|
\ .

Bi 15.
Page 101 of 130



Tm Min ca:
2 2 2
x y z
H
y z z x x y
= + +
+ + +

Trong :
2 2 2 2 2 2
, , 0
2010
x y z
x y y z z x
>

+ + + + + =


Gii:
t:

2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
, , 0
2010
:
2( ); 2( ); 2( )
2( ) 2( ) 2( )
: ; ;
2 2 2
1
2 2
a x y
a b c
b y z
a b c
c z x
Theo Bunhiacopxki ta c
x y x y y z y z z x z x
x y z
H
y z z x x y
a b c a b c a b c
V x y z
a b c
H
b

= +

>

= +

+ + =

= +

+ s + + s + + s +
> + +
+ + +
+ + + +
= = =
+
>
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 ( )
( ) 2( ) . : ( ) :
3
2 2
1 ( ) 1 1 1 1 ( )
.( ) 2( ) .9 2( )
3 3
2 2 2 2
2010 1005 2
2
2 2 2 2
a b c a b c
c a
a b c
a b c a b c V a b c n n
a b c
a b c a b c
H a b c a b c a b c
a b c
a b c
| | + + +
+ +
|
\ .
| | + +
| |
= + + + + + + + + >
| |
\ .
\ .
| + + | + +
| | | |
> + + + + + + > + +
| | |
\ . \ .
\ .
+ +
= = =
1005 2
224450
2
Min H x y z = = = =

Bi 16: Tm Min, Max ca:

( )
( )
2
2 2 2 2
3 12
xy
A
x y x x y
=
+ + +

Gii:
Page 102 of 130




( )
( )
( )
( )
( )( )
2
2
2 2
2
2 2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2 2
1
: . :
3 1 1 12
1 1 12
1
1
1 3 12
1 3 1 1 12
3 1 1 12
1 1 12 1 1
. : 1 12 ( 1) 3 ( )
3 12 4 3
1
'( ) 0 3 ( ) (
3
y
Ta c A Coi t
x
x y
y x
t t
t
A
t t
t t
t
t
t u
Coi u t u A f u
t u
u
f u A f u f
u
= =
| |
| |
| |
| |
|
+ | + +
| |
|
|
\ .
\ .
\ .
\ .
+
= = =
| | +
+ + +
+ + +
|
\ .
+
= = + > = =
+ +
=

= = s

1 1
3) ax .
6 18
: lim ( ) 0 0
u
M A
V f u MinA

= =
= =


Bi 17: Cho 3 s thc tha mn: x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
=1.
Tm Min, Max ca:
( ) ( ) P x y z xy yz zx = + + + +

Gii:
t:

2 2 2 2
2 2
3( ) 3 3; 3
1 2 1
( ) '( ) 0 1 3; 3
2 2
ax (1) 1
:
( 3) ( 3 1)
t x y z t x y z t
t t t
V P t f t f t t
M P f
Qua BBT ta c
MinP f
(
= + + s + + = e

+ +
(
= = = = = e

= =

= = +


Bi 18: Cho 2 s dng x,y tha mn: x+y=5/4. Tm Min ca:

4 1
4
A
x y
= +

Gii:
Ta c:
Page 103 of 130




( )
2 2
5
16
16 60 5
4
.
5
4 4 (5 4 )
4 ( )
4
4 0 , 5
16 16 1 16 1
: : ( )
5 4 5 5
0
16 1 16
'( ) 0 (1) 1 5
5
4
5
3
y y
y x y
A
xy y y
y y
a y a b
a b
Coi V A f a
b y a b ab b a a a
a
f a MinA f
a a
a
+
+ +
= = =

= < <
+
= = + = + =

= + =

=

= = = = + =


Du = xy ra khi v ch khi x=1; y=1/4
Bi 19: CMR: Vi mi tam gic ABC ta lun c:

1 os 1 os 1 os
2 2 2
3 3
A A A
c c c
A A A
+ + +
+ + >

Gii:
Xt hm s:
2
cos 1
2
x
y x = +


' sin '' 1 cos 0; ;
2
y x x v y x x o
t
| |
= = > e
|
\ .

Ta thy y ng bin v ta c: y > 0. Vy ta c:
2
cos 1
2
x
x >

p dng cho cc gc A/2, B/2 , C/2 ta c:

2 2 2
cos 1 ; cos 1 ; cos 1
2 8 2 8 2 8
A A B B C C
> > >

2
1 1 1 1 9
2 ( ) 2.
8 8
18 144
3 3
8 8
A B C
VT A B C
A B C A B C
t t
t t
+ +
| |
> + + + + >
|
+ +
\ .

= = >

Bi 20: Cho 2 s khng m ty x,y tha mn x+y=1: Tm Min, Max ca:

1 1
x y
S
y x
= +
+ +

Page 104 of 130



Gii:
Ta c:

2 2
2
2
( ) ( ) 2 2
.
1 1 ( ) 1 2
( ) 1 1 2 2 6
: 0 . : 0; 2 ( )
4 4 4 2 2
1 2
inS ( )
6
' 0
4 3
( 2)
ax (0) 1
x y x y x y xy
S
y x xy x y xy
x y t
M xy Coi t xy t v S f t
t t
M f
S
t
M S f
+ + +
= + = =
+ + + + + +
+
(
s s = = e = = + =
(
+ +

= =

= <

+

= =



.Ht



Page 105 of 130


LUYN TP S 09
HNH HC GII TCH PHNG
Bi 1: Mt hnh thoi c mt ng cho c phng trnh: x+2y-7=0, mt cnh
c phng trnh: x+3y-3=0. Mt nh l (0;1). Vit phng trnh 3 cnh v ng
cho th 2 ca hnh thoi.
Bi 2: Trong mt phng Oxy cho 2 im M(1;4) v N(6;2). Lp phng trnh
ng thng quaN sao cho khong cch t M ti bng 2.
Bi 3: Trong mt phng Oxy cho im M(3;1). Vit phng trnh ng thng
qua M v ct 2 trc ta Ox, Oy tng ng ti A v B sao cho OA+OB t gi
tr nh nht.
Bi 4: Trong mt phng vi h trc ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC vi A(1;2),
ng trung tuyn BM v ng phn gic trong CD c phng trnh ln lt l:
2x+y+1=0 v x+y-1=0. Vit phng trnh ng thng BC.
Bi 5: Trong mt phng vi h trc Oxy cho ng thng d c phng trnh:
2x+3y+1=02x+3y+1=0 v im M(1;1). Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua
M to vi d mt gc 45
0

Bi 6: Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC c nh A(1;0) v 2
ng thng ln lt cha ng cao k t B v C c phng trnh: x-2y+1=0;
3x+y+1=0. Tnh din tch tam gic ABC .
Bi 7: Trong mt phng vi h trc ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC c AB=AC,
gc BAC = 90
0
. Bit M(1;-1) l trung im ca BC v G(2/3;0) l trng tm
tam gic ABC. Tm ta cc nh ABC.
Bi 8: Trong mt phng vi h trc ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC cn nh A.
C trng tm l G(4/3;1/3), Phng trnh ng thng BC l: x-2y-4=0, phng
trnh ng thng BG l: 7x-4y-8=0. Tm ta cc nh A,B,C.
Bi 9: Trong mt phng Oxy, cho hnh ch nht c tm I(1/2;0). Phng trnh
ng thng AB l: x-2y+2=0 v AB=2AD. Tm ta cc nh A,B,C,D. Bit
rng A c honh m.

Bi 10: Trong mt phng Oxy cho im A(0;2) v ng thng d: x-2y+2=0.
Tm trn d hai im B v C sao cho tam gic ABC vung B v AB=2BC.
Cu 11. Cho (5;3); ( 1; 2); ( 4;5) ABC c A B C vit phng trnh ng thng
i qua A v chia tam gic ABC thnh 2 phn c t s din tch bng nhau.
Page 106 of 130



Cu 12. Cho tam gic ABC nhn, vit phng trnh ng thng cha cnh AC
bit ta chn cc ng cao h t A,B,C ln lt l:
A(-1;-2) , B(2;2), C(-1;2).
Cu 13. Cho hnh vung ABCD c nh A(3;0) v C(-4;1) i din. Tm ta
cc nh cn li?
Bi 14: Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng trn (C) v ng thng d:

2 2
( ) : 1 1 4; : 1 0 C x y d x y

Vit phng trnh ng trn (C) i xng vi (C) qua d.
Bi 15: Cho tam gic ABC vi A(8;0), B(0;6) v C(9;3).
Vit phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.
Bi 16: Trong mt phng ta cho ng thng d: 2x-y-5=0 v 2 im A(1;2),
B(4;1). Vit phng trnh ng trn c tm thuc d v i qua A,B.
Bi 17: Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng thng d: 4x+3y-43=0 v im A(7;5)
trn d. Vit phng trnh ng trn tip xc vi d ti A v c tm nm trn
ng thng:
: 2 5 4 0 x y

Bi 18: Trn mt phng Oxyz cho 2 ng thng:
d
1
:3x+4y-47=0 v d
2
:4x+3y-45=0
Lp phng trnh ng trn c tm nm trn ng thng d: 5x+3y-22=0
V tip xc vi c d
1
v d
2
.
.Ht

Page 107 of 130


HDG LUYN TP S 09
Cc bi ton v hnh hc gii tch phng thc s cng khng kh khn g u cc
bn ah!, hc tt phn ny cc bn cn chun b cho mnh nhng kin thc t
trung hc c s nh cc yu t v im, ng thng trong tam gic v t gic, k
nng pht hin cc yu t lm c s tm ra hng gii cho bi ton.


Bi 1: Mt hnh thoi c mt ng cho c phng trnh: x+2y-7=0, mt cnh
c phng trnh: x+3y-3=0. Mt nh l (0;1). Vit phng trnh 3 cnh v
ng cho th 2 ca hnh thoi.
Gii:
Gi s A(0;1) v ta B l nghim ca h PT:
3 3 0
(15; 4)
2 7 0
x y
B
x y
+ =

+ =


Gi C(a;b) ta c tm
1
( ; ) ( 15; 5)
2 2
a b
O v D a b
+
+

( )
( )
; 1
30; 9 ( 30) ( 1)( 9) 0(1)
: 15 2( 5) 7 0 12 2 (2)
AC a b
BD a b a a b b
AC BD
M D BD a b a b

= + + + =

e + + = =

Th (2) vo (1) ta c: b=-9 hay b=5

-9 (30; 9) (15; 4) ( ) (2;5) (1;3) ( 13;10)
: ( 2) 3( 5) 0 : 3 17 0
(2; 4) (2; 1) : 2 ( 1) 0 2 1 0
( 13;9) (9;13)
: 9 13( 1) 0
: 9( 2) 1
AB CD
AC
AD BC
b C D B loai C O D
Do n n CD x y hay x y
AC n AC x y x y
AD n n
AD x y
BC x
=
= + = + =
= = + =
= = =
+ =

+
: 9 13 13 0
3( 5) 0 : 9 13 83 0
AD x y
y BC x y
+ =


= + =



Bi 2: Trong mt phng Oxy cho 2 im M(1;4) v N(6;2). Lp phng trnh
ng thng qua N sao cho khong cch t M ti bng 2.
Gii:
- Xt trng hp ng thng cn tm song song vi trc tung l:
Page 108 of 130



( ) : 6 0 5 2( ) x d M loai A = A = =
- Gi phng trnh ng thng cn tm c dng: ' : ( 6) 2 y k x A = +
( )
2
2 6
2 6 0 ' 2
1
0
2
' :
20
20 21 162 0
21
kx y k
kx y k d M
k
k
y
x y k
+
+ = A = =
+
=

+ = =


Bi 3: Trong mt phng Oxy cho im M(3;1). Vit phng trnh ng thng
qua M v ct 2 trc ta Ox, Oy tng ng ti A v B sao cho OA+OB t gi tr
nh nht.
Gii:
Gi phng trnh ng thng cn tm l:

( ) ( )
( )
2
2
2
2
1. : ; 0 0;
3 1
1
3 1
( 3 1)
( ) ( 3 1) 3 1 3 3 3
3
0
: 1
3 3 1 3
x y
Voi A a v B b
a b
a b
OA OB a b a b a b
a b
a
b
Min OA OB a b b a
ab
x y
PT
+ =

+ =


| |

+ = + > + = + + > +
|

\ .

=
+ = + = = + = +

>

+ =
+ +

Bi 4: Trong mt phng vi h trc ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC vi A(1;2),
ng trung tuyn BM v ng phn gic trong CD c phng trnh ln lt
l: 2x+y+1=0 v x+y-1=0. Vit phng trnh ng thng BC.
Gii:
Gi A l im i xng vi A qua CD v AA ct CD I ta c: A thuc BC
Ta c: AA' (1; 1) AA' : 1 ( 2) 0 1 0 CD u n x y hay x y = = = + =

Ta im I l nghim ca h:
Page 109 of 130




1 0
(0;1) '( 1; 0). ( ; ). 1 0
1 0
x y
I A Goi C a b Do C CD a b
x y
+ =

e + =

+ =


M trung im M ca AC c ta l:

1 1 1 1
( ; ) 2. 1 0 2 6 0
2 2 2 2
a b a b
M BM a b
+ + + +
e + + = + + =

Ta C l nghim ca h PT:
1 0
( 7;8) ' ( 6;8) (4;3)
2 6 0
: 4( 1) 3 0 4 3 4 0
BC
a b
C A C n
a b
BC x y hay x y
+ =

= =

+ + =

+ + = + + =

Bi 5: Trong mt phng vi h trc Oxy cho ng thng d c phng trnh:
2x+3y+1=0 v im M(1;1). Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua M to vi d
mt gc 45
0

Gii:
Xt ng thng cn tm song song vi trc tung l:
2 1
: 1 0 (1; 0) ( ; )
13 2
x n d d A A = = A = =

Gi phng trnh ng thng cn tm l:

( ) '
2
' : 1 1 1 0 ( ; 1)
1
5 4 0 2 3
1
os( '; )
5
5 6 0
2
14. 1
5
y k x kx y k n k
x y k k
c d
x y
k
k
A A = + + = =

+ = =

A = =

+ =
+
=


Bi 6: Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC c nh A(1;0) v 2 ng
thng ln lt cha ng cao k t B v C c phng trnh: x-2y+1=0;
3x+y+1=0. Tnh din tch tam gic ABC .
Gii:
Ta c:

(1; 3) : 3 1 0 CK AB u n AB x y = = =

Ta B l nghim ca h:
Page 110 of 130




( )
3 1 0
( 5; 2)
2 1 0
: 2;1 2( 1) 0 2 2 0 BH AC
x y
B
x y
V u n x y x y
=

+ =

= = + = + =

V ta C l nghim ca h phng trnh:

( )
2 2
2 2 0
( 3;8) 4 8 4 5
3 1 0
14 1 1 14
. .4 5. 28
2 2
5 5
ABC
x y
C AC
y
d B AC BH S AC BH
A
+ =

= + =

+ + =

= = = = =

Bi 7: Trong mt phng vi h trc ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC c AB=AC, gc
BAC = 90
0
. Bit M(1;-1) l trung im ca BC v G(2/3;0) l trng tm tam gic
ABC. Tm ta cc nh ABC.
Gii:
Gi

( )
0 0
0 0
2
;
3
1
( ; ) ; 1 0; 2
3
2
AG x y
A x y GM M
AG GM

| |
=
|
\ .

| |
=

|
\ .



( )
( )
( )
( )( )
; 2
2 ; 4
( ; ) (2 ; 2 )
2 2 ; 2 2
(1; 3)
(2 ) 2 4 0 0 (4; 0); ( 2; 2)
:
2 ( 2; 2); (4; 0)
2 2 3(2 2 ) 0
AB a b
AC a b
Goi B a b C a b
BC a b
AM
a a b b AB AC b B C
V
AM BC b B C
a b

+ = =




=
+ + =


Bi 8: Trong mt phng vi h trc ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC cn nh A. C
trng tm l G(4/3;1/3), Phng trnh ng thng BC l: x-2y-4=0, phng trnh
ng thng BG l: 7x-4y-8=0. Tm ta cc nh A,B,C.
Gii:
Page 111 of 130



Hong giao im B l nghim ca h PT:
7 4 8 0
(0; 2)
2 4 0
x y
B
x y
=


Do C thuc BC nn: 4 2(3 ) 4 0 2 6 a b a b = =
Nhng do tam gic ABC cn nn:

( )
4 1
;
3 3
. 0. : 2 3 0
2;1
BC
BC
AG a b
AG BC AGu M a b
u

| |
=
|
\ . = + =


Ta A l nghim ca h PT:


2 6 0
(0;3) (4; 0)
2 3 0
a b
A C
a b
+ =

+ =


Bi 9: Trong mt phng Oxy, cho hnh ch nht c tm I(1/2;0). Phng trnh
ng thng AB l: x-2y+2=0 v AB=2AD. Tm ta cc nh A,B,C,D. Bit
rng A c honh m.
Gii:
- Phng trnh ng thng qua I vung gc vi AB l d:2x+y-1=0
- Ta giao im M ca d v B l nghim ca h:

2 1 0
5
(0;1) 2 5
2 2 0 2
x y
M MI AD MI AM
x y
+ =

= = = =

+ =


Gi A(a;b) vi a<0 ta c:
2 2
( 1) 5 AM a b = + =

Do A thuc AB nn a-2b+2=0 => a=2(b-1)
( )
2
0 2
5 1 5 ( 2; 2)
2 2( )
(2; 2)
(3; 0)
( 1; 2)
b a
b A
b a loai
B
C
D
= =

= =


Bi 10: Trong mt phng Oxy cho im A(0;2) v ng thng d: x-2y+2=0. Tm
trn d hai im B v C sao cho tam gic ABC vung B v AB=2BC.
Gii:
Page 112 of 130



Phng trnh ng thng i qua A vung gc vi d l: 2x+y-2=0
Ta im B l nghim ca h phng trnh:
2 2 0
2 6
( ; )
2 2 0 5 5
x y
B
x y
+ =

+ =


Ta c:
2
( )
5
d A d =

Gi C(a;b) l im trn d, ta c: a-2b+2=0 (1) v:

2 2
2 2
2 6 4
( ) (2)
5 5 5
d A d BC a b
| | | |
= = + =
| |
\ . \ .

T (1) v (2) ta c: C(0;1) hoc C(4/5;7/5)
Bi 11:Cho (5;3); ( 1; 2); ( 4;5) ABC c A B C A vit phng trnh ng thng i
qua A v chia tam gic ABC thnh 2 phn c t s din tch bng nhau.


Gii:
Gi M(a;b) , ta c:
( )
( 1; 2)
3;3
BM a b
BC

= +


Do

1 1
1
2 1
( 2;3) ( 7; 0)
3
2 ( 3; 4)
1 2
( 8;1)
3
2 2
: 3 0
: 8 29 0
x
BM BC
y
M AM
M
x
AM
BM BC
y
d y
d x y
+ =

=
=
=


+ =
=


+ =


Bi 12:Cho tam gic ABC nhn, vit phng trnh ng thng cha cnh AC Bit
ta chn cc ng cao h t A,B,C ln lt l: A(-1;-2) , B(2;2), C(-1;2).
Gii:
S dng cc t gic ni tip ta hon ton chng minh c AA, BB, CC ln
lt l cc ng phn gic trong ca tam gic ABC.
Page 113 of 130



Ta c:
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 2 1 1
( 3; 0) (0;1) : 2 0
( 3; 4) (4; 3) : 4( 2) 3( 2) 0 : 4 3 2 0
BC n BC y
B A n B A x y hay x y

= = =

= = = =

Bi 13: Cho hnh vung ABCD c nh A(3;0) v C(-4;1) i din. Tm ta


cc nh cn li?
Gii:
Ta trung im I ca AC l:
( )
1 1
; 7;1 (7; 1)
2 2
BD I AC n
| |
|| =
|
\ .


2 2
2
2
2 2 2
1 2
2
1 1
: 7( ) ( ) 0 7 4 0
2 2
1 7
( ; 7 4) 7
2 2
0 (0; 4)
1 5 2 1 1
50
1 ( 1; 3) 2 2 2 2 4
BD x y x y
Coi B a a BD BI a a
a B
AC
BI a a
a B
+ = + =
| | | |
+ e = + + +
| |
\ . \ .
| | =

| | | | | |
= + = = + =
|
| | |
|
=
\ . \ . \ .

\ .
Bi 14: ( TSH khi D-2003)
Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng trn (C) v ng thng d c phng trnh:

( ) ( )
2 2
( ) : 1 1 4; : 1 0 C x y d x y + = =

Vit phng trnh ng trn (C) i xng vi (C) qua d.
Gii:
(C) c tm I(1;1) v R=2
(C) i xng vi (C) qua d th tm I ca (C) cng i xng vi I qua d v R=R=2
Phng trnh ng thng qua I vung gc vi d l: : 2 0 x y A + =

( )
0
2
2
2 0
3 1
: ( ; ) '(2; 0)
1 0 2 2
( ') : 2 4
x y
d Kl ng cua HPT K I
x y
C x y
+ =

A =

+ =

Bi 15: Cho tam gic ABC vi A(8;0), B(0;6) v C(9;3).
Vit phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.
Page 114 of 130



Gii:
Trung im ca AB l: ( ) ( )
(4;3) 8;6 4; 3 M v AB = ||

Ta c phng trnh ng trung trc ca AB l:
4( 4) 3( 3) 0 4 3 7 0 x y x y = =
Trung im ca BC l: ( ) ( )
9 9
( ; ) 9; 3 3; 1
2 2
N v BC = ||

Ta c phng trnh ng trung trc ca BC l:

9 9
( ) 3( ) 0 3 9 0
2 2
x y x y = =

Vy ta tm ng trn ngoi tip l nghim ca h:

( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
4 3 7 0
(4;3) 4 3 5
3 9 0
( ) : 4 3 25
x y
O R
x y
C x y
=

= + =

+ =

Bi 16: Trong mt phng ta cho ng thng d: 2x-y-5=0 v 2 im A(1;2),
B(4;1). Vit phng trnh ng trn c tm thuc d v i qua A,B.
Gii:
Tm O s l giao im ca ng trung trc ca AB v d.
Trung im ca AB l:
5 3
( ; ), (3; 1)
2 2
M AB =

Ta c phng trnh ng trung trc ca AB l:

5 3
3( ) ( ) 0 3 6 0
2 2
x y x y = =

Vy ta tm O l nghim ca h:
3 6 0
(1; 3)
2 5 0
x y
O
x y
=


Bn knh: R=5 nn ta c: ( ) ( )
2 2
( ) : 1 3 25 C x y + + =

Bi 17: Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng thng d: 4x+3y-43=0 v im A(7;5) trn d.
Vit phng trnh ng trn tip xc vi d ti A v c tm nm trn ng thng:

: 2 5 4 0 x y A + =

Gii:
Page 115 of 130



Ta c:
( ) ( )
0
2 2
(3; 4) : 3 4 1 0
3 4 1 0
a : (3; 2) 5
2 5 4 0
( ) : 3 2 25
d OA
u n OA x y
x y
O OA l ng cu HPT O R OA
x y
C x y
= = =
=

= A = =

+ =

+ =


Bi 18: Trn mt phng Oxyz cho 2 ng thng:
d
1
:3x+4y-47=0 v d
2
:4x+3y-45=0
Lp phng trnh ng trn c tm nm trn ng thng d: 5x+3y-22=0
V tip xc vi c d
1
v d
2
.
Gii:
Cc phng trnh ng phn gic to bi d
1
v d
2
l:


( )
( ) ( )
1
2 2 2 2
2
1 1 0 1
2 2
1 1
2 2 0 2
2
: 2 0 3 4 47 4 3 45
: 7 7 92 0
3 4 4 3
2 0
* 1: : 2; 4
5x 3y 22 0
5 ( ) : 2 4 5
7 7 92 0
61 153
* 2: : ;
5x 3y 22 0 7 7
20

7
x y x y x y
x y
x y
TH O d l ng cua HPT O
v R C x y
x y
TH O d l ng cua HPT O
v R
A + = + +
=

A + =
+ +
+ =

= A

+ =

= + =
+ =

| |
= A

|
+ =
\ .

=
2 2
2
61 153 400
( ) :
7 7 21
C x y
| | | |
+ + =
| |
\ . \ .

.Ht



Page 116 of 130


LUYN TP S 10
PHNG TRNH LG, HM S M V LOGARIT

Bi I: Gii cc phng trnh sau:

( )
3
3 3 2
3
3
2 2
1/ 4sin 1 3sin 3 os3x
2 / sin3 ( 3 2) os3 1
3/ 4sin 3cos 3sin sin cos 0
4 / 2sin5 3 os3 sin3 0
5 / 2sin 4 3cos 2 16sin cos 5 0
6 / inx 4sin cos 0
7 / tan xsin 2sin 3 os2 sin x cos
8 / 2 2tan 3
9
x x c
x c x
x x x x x
x c x x
x x x x
s x x
x x c x x
sin x x
=
+ =
+ =
+ + =
+ + =
+ =
= +
+ =
2 2
4 2 2 4
0
3 3 5 5
/ os 3sin 2 1 sin
10 / 3cos 4sin cos sin 0
11/ inx cos 7sin 2 1
12 / 2 2 sin 1
4
13/ Tm : 2 4(cos sinx)
14 / os2 5 2(2 cos )(sinx cos )
15 / os 2(sin os )
c x x x
x x x x
S x x
Sin x x
m cho PT Sin x x m c ng
C x x x
Sin x c x x c x
t
= +
+ =
+ =
| |
+ =
|
\ .
+ =
+ =
+ = +






Page 117 of 130




2 2
3 3
1
16 / 2cos 2 8cos 7 (1)
cos
17 / 4cos 3tan 4 3 cos 2 3 t anx 4 0
18/ 3 cos cos 1 2
19 / in os os2 . tan . tan
4 4
x x
x
x x x
x x
s x c x c x x x
t t
+ =
+ + + =
+ =
| | | |
= +
| |
\ . \ .


Bi II: Tm cc nghim thuc khong (2/5; 6/7) ca phng trnh:

3sin7 cos7 2 x x =

Bi III Tm m phng trnh sau c 4 nghim thuc khong (-;7/3):

sinx cos m x m + =

Bi IV: Gii cc phng trnh v bt phng trnh siu vit sau:

2 2
2
2
1
3 3
3
1 8
2
2
1 2
2 2
2
4 2
4 2
1/ 2 2log 4 log 8
2 / (3 1) log (3 3) 6
3/ 1 log (3 ) log ( 1) 0
4 / 9 .3 1 0
log ( ) 5
5 /
2log log 4
4 3 0
6 /
log log 0
x x
x
x x
x x x x
Log
Log
Log x x x
x y
x y
x y
x y
+
+ +
+ =
=
+ =
+ =
+ =

+ =

+ =





Page 118 of 130




( )
( ) ( )
2 2
3 2 3 2
2
2
2 4 1
2
2 3 6 3 5
1 2
3 1 3
3
1
1
1
2 1 2 1
4
2
3 5.6 4.2 0
7 /
( 2 )( 2 )
8 / log ( 2) log ( 5) log 8 0
9/ :2 15.2 2
10/ :log (2 1).log (2 2) 2log 2 0
11/ ( 5 2) 5 2
4
12 / 2 3 2 3
2 3
13/
x y x x y
x x x x
x x
x
x
x
x x x x
x y y y x y x
x x
Log

+ +
+


+
+
+ =

= + +

+ + + =
+ <
+ + + >
s +
+ + s

3
2 2
1 2 1
2
2 2
2 3
2 3
2
32
log 9log 4log ; : 0
8
log ( 1) log ( 1)
14 / 0
3 4
x
x x DK x
x
x x
x x
| |
| |
+ s >
| |
\ .
\ .
+ +
>
+



.Ht

Page 119 of 130


HDG LUYN TP S 10
Cc bi ton v phng trnh, bt phng trnh lng gic v phng trnh siu vit
(hm s m v logarit) xut hin trong cc k thi H rt nhiu. hc tt cc loi bi tp
ny cc em cn chun b cho mnh mt vn kin thc v cc cng thc rt k, l cc
cng thc lng gic v cc php bin i, i c s trong hm s m v hm s
logarit.
L luyn tp cui cng ri!
Chia tay nhau y, Anh chc cc em c mt k thi thnh cng! Goodluck!



3
2
2
2 2
1/ 4sin 1 3sin 3 os3x
1 3 1
sin3 3 os3 1 sin3 os3
2 2 2
2
18 3
sin 3 sin
2 3 6
2 3
2 / sin3 ( 3 2) os3 1
3 2 ( 3 2)(1 )
: tan 1 ( 3 1) 2 (3 3) 0
2 1 1
1
3
x x c
x c x x c x
k
x
x
k
x
x c x
x t t
Coi t t t
t t
t
t
t t
t t
t t
=
= =

= +

| | | |
=

| |
\ . \ .

= +

+ =

= + = + =
+ +
=

2 3
tan 1
6 3 2
3 2 2
tan 3
2 9 3
k x
x
x k
x
t t
t t

= + =



= = +







Page 120 of 130




3 3 2
3
3 2
3/ 4sin 3cos 3sin sin cos 0(1)
* t sinx 0 3cos 3 0
(1) 4 3cot 3(cot 1) cot 0
cot 1
1
4
cot
3
3 1
cot
3
x x x x x
X x
x x x
x
x k
x
x k
x
t
t
t
t
+ =
= = =
+ + =

= +


= +



3
4 / 2sin5 3 os3 sin3 0
3 1
3 os3 sin3 2sin5 os3 sin3 sin5
2 2
5
os 3 sin5 os( 5 )
6 2
5
3 5 2
6 2 24 4
2 5
3 5 2
3 6 2
5 / 2sin 4 3cos 2 16sin cos 5 0
2sin 4
x c x x
c x x x c x x x
c x x c x
k
x x k x
x k x x k
x x x x
t t
t t t t
t
t t t
t t
+ + =
+ = =
| |
+ = =
|
\ .

+ = + = +




= + = +


+ + =

2
3cos 2 8sin 2 .2sin 5 0
1 os2
2sin 4 3cos 2 8sin 2 . 5 0
2
2sin 4 3cos 2 4sin 2 2sin 4 5 0
3 4
3cos 2 4sin 2 5 cos 2 sin 2 1
5 5
3
cos
5
os(2 ) 1 ; ( );
4 2
sin
5
x x x x
c x
x x x
x x x x
x x x x
C x x k k
o
o
o t
o
+ + =

| |
+ + =
|
\ .
+ + =
+ = + =

= = + e


Page 121 of 130




( )( )
( )
3
3
2 3 2
2
3 2
2 2
2
6 / inx 4sin cos 0(1)
' : cos 0 inx 4sin 3 0
(1) t anx(1 tan ) 4tan 1 tan 0
t anx
t anx
t anx 1
1 3 2 1 0 4 3 1 0
7 / tan xsin 2sin 3 os2 sin x cos
, os
S x x
N u x S x
x x x
t
t
x k
t t t
t t t
x x c x x
Chia VT VP cho c x
t
t
+ =
= = =
+ + + =
=


= = +

+ + =
+ + + =

= +
( )
( )
( )( )
2 2
3 2
2
3 2 2
3 2
2
2
:
os sin sin x cos
tan 2tan 3
os
t anx
tan 2tan 3 1 tan t anx
3 3 0
t anx
t anx 1
4
1 3 0
t anx 3
3
8 / 2 2tan 3
, os :
2tan 2t
ta c
c x x x
x x
c x
t
x x x
t t t
x k
t
t t
x k
Sin x x
Chia VT VP cho c x ta c
x
t
t
t
t
+
=
=

= +

+ =

= +
=
=




+ =
=

= +

+ =
+
( )( )
2 2
3 2
2
tan
an (tan 1) 3(tan 1)
2 3 4 3 0
tan
t anx 1
1 2 3 0 4
t x
x x x
t t t
t x
x k
t t t
t
t
=

+ = +

+ =

= = +

+ =





Page 122 of 130




2 2
2 2
2
4 2 2 4
4 2 4
4 2
9 / os 3sin 2 1 sin
, os :1 2 3 t anx 2tan 1
t anx t anx 0
2 2 3 0 t anx 3
3
10 / 3cos 4sin cos sin 0
, os : 3 4tan tan 0
t anx
4 3 0
C x x x
Chia VT VP cho c x ta c x
k
t
x
k
t t
x x x x
Chia VT VP cho c x ta c x x
t
t t
t
t
t
= +
= +

= =


=


+
+ = =



+ =
+ =
=


+ =
2
2
tan 1
4
tan 3
3
x k
x
x
x k
t
t
t
t

= +

=

= +



2 2
11/ inx cos 7sin 2 1
: sinx cos ; ( 2)
sinx cos 1
7(1 ) 1 7 6 0
6
sinx cos
7
2
2
1
sin
2
4
2 3 2
;sin
7 2
3 2
sin 4
4 7
2
4
S x x
Coi t x t
x
t t t t
x
x k
x
x k
x k
x
x k
t
t
t
t t
o
t
o t
t
t
o t
+ =
= s
=

+ = =

=

= +

| |

=
= + |

\ .

= + +
| |
=

|
\ .


= +



Page 123 of 130




2
0
2
2
12 / 2 2 sin 1
4
: sinx cos ; ( 2)
2
4
0 0
1 1 2 sin 2
1 1 4 2
2
13/ Tm : 2 4(cos sinx)
: cos sinx; ( 2) 1 4
( )
Sin x x
Coi t x t
x k
t
t t x x k
t
x k
m cho PT Sin x x m c ng
Coi t x t t t m
m f t t
t
t
t
t t
t
t t
| |
+ =
|
\ .
= s

= +

=

| |

+ = = = +
|

=
\ .


= +

+ =
= s + =
= = +
2 2
4 1 '( ) 2 4 0; 2
( 2) ( 2) 4 2 1 4 2 1
14 / os2 5 2(2 cos )(sinx cos )
os2 5 4(sinx cos ) sin 2 os2 1
4((sinx cos ) sin 2 4 0
: sinx cos ; ( 2) 4 ( 1) 4 0 4 3 0
2 sin 1
4
t f t t t
f m f m
C x x x
C x x x c x
x x
Coi t x t t t t t
x
t
+ = + > s
s s s s
+ =
+ = + +
=
= s = + =
| |
=
|
\ .
( ) ( )
( )( )
3 3 5 5
3 2 3 2
2 2
2 1
sin
2
4
2
2
15 / os 2(sin os )
1 2sin os 2cos 1 0
os2 sinx cos sin sin x cos os 0
os2 0
4 2
k
x x
k
Sin x c x x c x
Sin x x c x x
c x x x x c x
k
c x x
t
t t
t t
t t

+
| |

= =
|

\ .
+

+ = +
+ =
+ =
= = +



Page 124 of 130



( ) ( )
3 2
2 2
2 2
1
16 / 2cos 2 8cos 7 (1)
cos
cos 1 2
cos ( )
: (1) ;
1
2 cos 2 4 8 5 1 0
2 3
17 / 4cos 3tan 4 3 cos 2 3 t anx 4 0(2)
: ; (2) 2cos 3 3 t anx 1 0
2
3
cos 2
2 6
t anx
x x
x
x x k
t x t
DK x k k
x x k t t t
x x x
DK x k x
x x k
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
+ =
= =

= =


= + e


= = + + =


+ + + =
= + + + =
= = +

=
( )
( )
2
6 1
6
3
18 / 3 cos cos 1 2
3 cos cos 1 2 4 cos 1 2(cos 1)
2(cos 1) 0;
: cos 1 0 cos 1 2
4 cos 1;
x k k
x k
x x
x x x x
x x
Do x x x k k
x x
t
t
t
t
t t

= + e

= +

+ =
= + + + = +
+ s

+ = = = + e


( )( ) ( )( )
3 3
2
2
19 / in os os2 . tan . tan
4 4
sinx- cos 1 sin x cos os2 sinx- cos 1 sin x cos sinx cos 0
sinx- cos 0 sin 0
4 4
sinx cos ( 2)
1 sin x cos sinx cos 0
1
1 0 2 1
2
S x c x c x x x
x x c x x x x
x x x k
t x t
x x
t
t t t
t t
t t
t
| | | |
= +
| |
\ . \ .
+ = + + + =
| |
= = = +
|
\ .

= + s
+ + + =

+ + = + +
( )
0 1
4
4
2 ;
1
2
sin
2
4
2
t
x k
x k
x k k
x
x k
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t t

= =

= +

= +


= + e

| |

+ =
|

= +
\ .



Bi II:
Tm cc nghim thuc khong (2/5; 6/7) ca phng trnh:
Page 125 of 130



3sin7 cos7 2 x x =
Gii:
1
5 2
3 1 2
84 7
sin 7 os7 sin 7 sin ; ( )
11 2 2 2 2 6 4
84 7
5 2 2 5 2 6 2 5 2 6 5
* :
84 7 5 84 7 7 5 84 7 7 84
53
2
84
11 2 2 11 2 6 2 11 2 6 11
* :
84 7 5 84 7 7 5 84 7 7 84
k
x
PT x c x x k
k
x
k k k
Khi x
k x
k k k
Khi x
t t
t t
t t
t t t t t t
t
t t t t t t

= +

| |
= = e
|
\ .

= +

= + < + < < <


= =
= + < + < < <

2 3
35 59
1, 2 ;
84 84
k x x
t t
= = =

Bi III:
Tm m phng trnh sau c 4 nghim thuc khong (-;7/3):
sinx cos m x m + =
Gii:
cos 1 0 2
sinx (1 cos )
sinx sinx
(*)
1 cos 1 cos
x x v x
PT m x
m m
x x
t = = =


=

= =


Vy phng trnh ban u c 4 nghim th (*) phi c 2 nghim phn bit thuc
khong (-;7/3).
Nhng s nghim ca (*)thuc khong (-;7/3) li chnh l s giao im ca
ng thng y=m vi th (C) c phng trnh:

( )
2
sinx 7
;
1 cos 3
cos 1
t m: ' 0
1 cos
y tr n D
x
x
X h y x D
x
t
t
| |
= =
|

\ .

= < e


Da vo bng bin thin ta c:
0
3; 0 4 m m PT c ng > s

Bi IV:
Page 126 of 130



2
2
2
2 2 2
2
1
3 3
3
3 3
1/ 2 2log 4 log 8
0
K:
1
log
1 4 6
1 4 6
log 1 log 1 log
1 1
log 1 2
2 / (3 1) log (3 3) 6
K: 3 1 0 3
log (3 1)
(3 1) log (3 1) 1 6
( 1) 6
l
x x
x
x x
x
x
x x
C u Log
x

x
t x
PT
x x x
t t t
x x
C u Log
x
t
PT Log
t t
+
+ =
>

+ =

+ + + =

+ +
= =
=
> >
=
( + =


+ =

2 2
3 3
3
3
3
1 8
2
2
2 2 2
2
1
1 28
og (3 1) 3 3 1 log
27 27
log (3 1) 2
log 10
3 1 9
3/ 1 log (3 ) log ( 1) 0
K:1 3
log ( 1) log (3 ) log ( 1)
1 17
( 1)(3 ) ( 1) 4 0
2
4 / 9 .3
x x
x
x
x x x
x
x
C u Log x x x
x
PT x x x
x x x x x x
C u
+ +

= = =

=
=

+ =
s s
+ + =

+ = = =

2
2 2
2
1
2( 1) 1
2
2
1 2
1 0
3
10
3 .3 1 0
10
3
1 0
3
0
3 1 1
1
3 1 1
2
x
x x
x x x x
t
PT
t t
x
t x x
x
t x x
x

+
+ +

+ =

+ =

+ =

= + =

=


= + =

=



Page 127 of 130



2 2
2
4 2
2 2 2
2
4 2
4 2
log ( ) 5
5 / . K: , 0
2log log 4
8 8 16 0 4 32
16 4( ) 16 8 16 0
4 3 0
6 / K: , 0
log log 0
4 3
4 3 0
log log
x y
C u x y
x y
x y X X x y x y
HPT
xy x y loai xy X X
x y
C u x y
x y
x y
x y
HPT
x y
x y
+ =
>

+ =

+ = + = = = + =



= = = = + + =

+ =

>

=
+ =

2
3 2 3 2
2
3 2 3 2
3 2 3 2
4 3 (1;1)
(3;9) 4 3 0 0
3 5.6 4.2 0
, 0
7 / K:
( 2 )( 2 )
3 5.6 4.2 0
(2 )( 2 )
3 5.6 4.2 0
2 (2 )( 2 )(
x y x x y
x y x x y
x y x x y
x y
y y
x y
C u
x y
x y y y x y x
HPT
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3 2 3 2
3 2 3 2
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)
3 5.6 4.2 0
3 5.6 4.2 0
2 0
(2 )[( 2 )( ) 1] 0
(do 2 )( ) 1 0)
3 5.6 4.2 0 3 5.
2
x y x x y
x y x x y
x y x x y x
y x
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y x


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2
2 2 2
3 3
3
2 2
2
6 4.2 0 (1)
2 (2)
3
( ) 1
3 3
2
(1) : 3 5.6 4.2 0 ( ) 5.( ) 4 0
3 2 2
( ) 4
2
0
1
(0; 0), log 4; log 4
log 4
2
x x
x
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x
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Page 128 of 130




2
2 4 1
2
2 2
2 2
2
2
8 / log ( 2) log ( 5) log 8 0
2
K:
5
log ( 2) 5 log 8 ( 2) 5 8
( 3 18)( 3 2) 0
3 18 0
3 17
3; 6;
2
3 2 0
3 17
6;
2
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x

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PT x x x x
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2 3 6 3 5
2( 3 5) 4 3 5
3 5
2
2 2
3 5 4
2
9: 2 15.2 2
2 15.2 2
2
: 2 16 15 16 15 0
, 0
( )(16 ) 0 ( 0) 2 2
16
1
3 5 4 3 1 1
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3
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10:log (2 1).log (2 2) 2log 2 0
log (2 1). log (2 1) log 2 2log 2 0
log (2 1)
: 2 0 ( )( 2 ) 0
log 2
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Page 129 of 130



( )
( ) ( )
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2 2
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1
1
1
1
1 1
1
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2
2
11/ ( 5 2) 5 2
5 2 ( 5 2) 5 2 1 ( 5 2) ( 5 2)
1
1
1
2 1 1
4
12: 2 3 2 3
2 3
1 4 1
2 3 2 3 4
2 3
2 3 2 3
2 3
4 1 0
x
x
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x
x
x
x x x x
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x x
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t
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3
4 2 2
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2
32
13: log 9log 4log ; : 0
8
9 log 1 9 log 32 log 4log 0
log log 3 log 2
2 log 3
9( 1) 9(5 2 ) 4 0 13 36 0
1 1
8 4
4 8
x
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1 0 1
log ( 1) log ( 1)
14: 0; :
4 3 4 3 4 0
2log ( 1) 3log ( 1) (log 9 log 8) log ( 1)
0 0
3 4 3 4
log ( 1) 0
3 4 0
log ( 1)
0
3 4 log ( 1) 0
3 4 0
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Page 130 of 130

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