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1. Cho hm s:
2 2
( 1) 4 2
1
x m x m m
y
x
Xc nh tt c cc gi tr ca m hm s c cc tr. Tm m tch cc gi tr cc i v
cc tiu t gi tr nh nht.
2. Cho hm s:
3 2
3 (2 1) 3 ( )
m
y mx mx m x m C
Tm tt c cc gi tr ca m sao cho hm s c cc i, cc tiu. Chng minh rng khi
ng thng ni hai im cc i, cc tiu ca ( )
m
C lun i qua mt im c nh.
3. Cho hm s:
1
1
x
y
x
Chng minh mi tip tuyn ca th (C) u lp vi hai ng thng tim cn mt tam
gic c din tch khng i.
4. Chng t rng ng cong
2
1
1
x
y
x
Tm trn th ca hm s im M sao cho khong cch t im M n ng tim cn
ng bng khong cch t im M n ng tim cn ngang.
6. Cho hm s
3 2
3 y x x mx m
Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m hm s nghch bin trn on c di bng 1.
7. Cho hm s
2
2 3
1
x x m
x
Vi nhng gi tr no ca m th hm s cho l ng bin trn khong (3; )
8. Chng minh rng: vi x > 0 , ta lun c:
2
1
2
x
x
e x
10. Cho th (C) ca hm s:
3
3
1
y x
x
Page 1 of 130
Chng minh rng ng thng 2 y x m lun lun ct (C) ti hai im c honh
1 2
, x x .
Tm gi tr ca m sao cho
2
1 2
( ) d x x t gi tr nh nht.
11. Cho hm s
2 3 2
( 5 ) 6 6 6 y m m x mx x . Gi ( )
m
C l th ca n.
Tm tt c cc im c nh trong mt phng ta m ( )
m
C lun i qua vi mi gi tr
m. Tip tuyn ca ( )
m
C ti mi im c c nh hay khng khi m thay i, ti sao?
12. Xt hm s:
2
3
1
x x m
y
x
, vi m l tham s
Vi nhng gi tr no ca m th th ca hm s trn c tip tuyn vung gc vi ng
phn gic ca gc phn t th nht ca h trc ta ?
Chng minh rng khi th ca hm s c im cc i v cc tiu.
13. Cho hm s
2
1
x
y
x
.
Tm tp hp cc im trong mt phng ta Oxy t ta c th v c hai tip
tuyn n th (C) v hai tip tuyn vung gc vi nhau.
14. Cho hm s
3
3 2 y x x
Tm trn trc honh nhng im m t k c 3 tip tuyn n th.
15. Cho hm s
1
y x
x
(C)
1. Chng minh (C) c mt tm i xng .
2. Lp phng trnh tip tuyn (C) bit tip tuyn vung gc vi tim cn xin
16. Cho hm s
2
4 1 x x
y
x
.
Qua im A(1;0), vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi th.
17. Cho hm s
2
1
1
x x
y
x
.
Page 2 of 130
Tm m ng thng 2 2 y mx m ct th ( ) C ti hai im thuc hai nhnh ca
( ) C .
18. Cho hm s
2
2 2
1
x x
y
x
v
1
( ) d : y x m v
2
( ) d : 3 y x
Tm tt c gi tr ca m ( ) C ct
1
( ) d ti 2 im phn bit i xng nhau qua
2
( ) d .
19. Cho hm s
2
2 (1 ) 1 x m x m
y
x m
( )
m
C .
CMR 1 m , cc ng ( )
m
C tip xc vi mt ng thng c nh ti mt im c
nh. Xc nh phng trnh ng thng .
20. Cho hm s
2 2 2
2 (2 )( 1)
1
m x m mx
y
mx
(1)
Chng minh rng vi 0 m , tim cn xin ca th hm s (1) lun tip xc vi mt
parabol c nh.Tm phng trnh ca parabol .
21. Cho hm s
2
2 ( 1) 3 x m x
y
x m
Xc nh m ng tim cn xin ca th hm s (1) tip xc vi parabol
2
5 y x
22. Cho hm s
3 2
1 y x mx m .
Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ti cc im c nh m th hm s lun i qua vi mi
gi tr ca m. Tm qu tch giao im ca cc tip tuyn khi m thay i.
23. Cho hm s
2 4
1
x
y
x
Bin lun theo m s giao im ca th trn v ng thng 2 0 x y m .
Trong trng hp c hai giao im M,N th hy tm qu tch trung im I ca on MN.
24. Cho hm s
2
2 1
1
m
y x
x
1. Vi gi tr no ca m th hm s ng thi c cc i v cc tiu.
2. Tm qu tch cc im cc i v cc tiu ca th hm s khi m thay i.
Page 3 of 130
25. Cho hm s
3 2
2 (2 ) 1 y x m x (1) , vi m l tham s .
Tm gi tr ca m th hm s (1) c 2 im phn bit i xng nhau qua gc ta .
26. Cho hm s
2
2 ( 4) 2 1
2
x m x m
y
x
(1)
Tm m th ca hm s (1) nhn im (2; 1) lm tm i xng .
27. Cho hm s
3 2
(3 ) 5 y x m x mx m
Vi gi tr no ca m trn th c 2 im i xng qua gc O.
28. Cho hm s:
2
1
1
x x
y
x
Xc nh im
1 1
( ; ) A x y vi
1
0 x thuc th ca hm s trn sao cho khong cch
n giao im ca hai tim cn l nh nht.
29. Cho hm s
2
2 2
1
x mx
y
x
, (m l tham s).
Tm gi tr ca m th hm s c im cc i, im cc tiu v khong cch t hai
im n ng thng 2 0 x y bng nhau.
30. Cho th (C) ca hm s
2
2 2
1
x x
y
x
Gi I l tm i xng ca th (C) v M l mt im trn (C). Tip tuyn ti M vi (C)
ct hai ng tim cn ti A,B.
Chng minh rng M l trung im ca on AB v din tch tam gic IAB khng ph
thuc vo v tr im M trn (C).
31. Cho hm s
1
1
1
y x
x
. Gi th l (C).
Tm nhng im trn th (C) c honh ln hn 1 sao cho tip tuyn ti im to
vi hai ng tim cn mt tam gic c chu vi nh nht.
Page 4 of 130
luyn tp s 1: Chuyn hm s v cc bi ton lin quan
1. Cho hm s:
2 2
( 1) 4 2
1
x m x m m
y
x
+ +
=
Xc nh tt c cc gi tr ca m hm s c cc tr. Tm m tch cc gi tr cc i v
cc tiu t gi tr nh nht.
Li gii:
2 2
( 1) 4 2
1
x m x m m
y
x
+ +
=
2
2
, 3 2 1
1 ( 1)
x m m m y
x x
A A
' = + A = + =
Hm s t cc tr y c 2 nghim phn bit 0 1 2 m A > < <
Hm s t cc tr ti
1,2
1 x = A v cc gi tr tng ng l:
2 2 2
1,2 1,2 1 2
1,2
7 4 4
1 2 (1 ) 4 5 14 9 5( )
1 5 5
y
5
y x m m y m m m m
x
A
= + = A = A = + = >
Vy
1 2
y y nh nht
7
5
m = .
2. Cho hm s:
3 2
3 (2 1) 3 ( )
m
y mx mx m x m C = + + +
Tm tt c cc gi tr ca m sao cho hm s c cc i, cc tiu. Chng minh rng khi
ng thng ni hai im cc i, cc tiu ca ( )
m
C lun i qua mt im c nh.
Li gii:
2
3 6 2 1 y mx mx m ' = + + . Hm s c cc i, cc tiu y' c 2 nghim phn bit
0 m = v
2
9 3 (2 1) 0 m m m ' A = + > 0 m< hoc 1 m> . Chia y cho y, ta
c kt qu:
1 2 2 10 2 2 10
.
3 3 3 3 3
x m m m m
y y x y x
+ +
' = + + = + l phng trnh ng thng
qua cc im cc tr. ng thng ny lun qua im
1
( ;3)
2
I c nh.
3. Cho hm s:
1
1
x
y
x
=
+
Page 5 of 130
Chng minh mi tip tuyn ca th (C) u lp vi hai ng thng tim cn mt tam
gic c din tch khng i.
Li gii:
2
2 2
1 ( )
1 ( 1)
y C y
x x
' = =
+ +
TC: 1 x =
TCN: 1 y =
Giao im ca 2 ng tim cn l ( 1;1) I
Gi M l im bt k thuc (C).Vy ta im
2
( ;1 )
1
M m
m
+
Phng trnh tip tuyn vi th(C) ti M l:
2
2 2
' ( ) ( ) 1
( 1) 1
M
M M
x
y y x x y x m
m m
= + = +
+ +
Gi A l giao im ca tip tuyn v tim cn ng.Vy ta A l nghim ca h
1 x = v
2
2 2
( ) 1
( 1) 1
y x m
m m
= +
+ +
4
( 1;1 )
1
A
m
+
Gi B l giao im ca tip tuyn v tim cn ng. Tng t ta c: (2 1;1) B m +
Ta c din tch tam gic AIB l:
( ; )
1 1 4
. . .2| 1| 4
2 2 | 1|
B AI
S AI d m
m
= = + =
+
(const).
4. Chng t rng ng cong
2
1
1
x
y
x
+
=
+
c 3 im un cng nm trn mt ng thng.
Li gii:
2
2 2
2 1
( 1)
x x
y
x
+
' =
+
;
2
2 3
2( 1)( 4 1)
( 1)
x x x
y
x
+ +
'' =
+
y'' trit tiu v i du ti
1,2 3
2 3, 1 x x = = .
Page 6 of 130
th c 3 im un l
1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3
( ; ); ( ; ); ( ; ) A x y A x y A x y vi
1 2 3
1 3 1 3
; ; 1
4 4
y y y
+
= = =
3 2
3 3 1
( 3 3; ) ( 3 3).(1; );
4 4
A A
+
= + = +
1 3
1
( 3 3).(1; )
4
A A =
3 2 3 1
, A A A A song song vi nhau, do 3 im un thng hng vi nhau
5. Cho th ca hm s:
2
3
x
y
x
+
=
Tm trn th ca hm s im M sao cho khong cch t im M n ng tim cn
ng bng khong cch t im M n ng tim cn ngang.
Li gii:
Gi s
0 0
( ; ) M x y thuc th. Gi
1
d l khong cch t M n tim cn ng v
2
d l
khong cch t M n tim cn ngang
1 0 2 0
0
5
| 3|; | 1|
| 3|
d x d y
x
= = =
Ta phi c
1 2 0
3 5 d d x = = . C 2 im tha mn bi ton c honh 3 5 x = .
6. Cho hm s
3 2
3 y x x mx m = + + +
Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m hm s nghch bin trn on c di bng 1.
Li gii:
3 2 2
( ) 3 ( ) 3 6 f x x x mx m f x x x m ' = + + + = + +
( ) f x ' c 9 3m ' A =
Nu 0 ( ) 0 f x x ' ' A s > hm s lun ng bin
Nu 0 ( ) f x ' ' A > c 2 nghim phn bit l
1 2
x x < . Ta c:
1 2
( ) 0 f x x x x ' < < < .
Tc l hm s nghch bin trong khong
1 2
( , ) x x
Yu cu bi ton:
2 1
3 3 9
1 1
3 3 4
x x m
' ' + A A
= = =
Page 7 of 130
7. Cho hm s
2
2 3
1
x x m
x
+
Vi nhng gi tr no ca m th hm s cho l ng bin trn khong (3; ) +
Li gii:
Hm s ng bin trong khong (3; ) +
2
2 2
2
2 4 3
0 3 2 4 3 0 3 ( ) 2 4 3 3
( 1)
x x m
y x x x m x m x x x x
x
|
+
' = > > + > > s = + >
'( ) 4 4 x x | = . Nn ( ) m x | s 3 x > 9 m s
8. Chng minh rng: vi x > 0 , ta lun c:
2
1
2
x
x
e x > + +
Li gii:
Ta c:
2
( ) 1 '( ) 1 ( ) 1 0 0
2
x x x
x
f x e x f x e x f x e x '' = = = > >
( ) f x ' ng bin vi 0 ( ) (0) 0 0 x f x f x ' ' > > = >
( ) f x ng bin vi
2
0 ( ) (0) 0 1 0
2
x
x
x f x f x e x x > > > >
9. Cho th (C) ca hm s:
3
3
1
y x
x
= + +
Chng minh rng ng thng 2 y x m = + lun lun ct (C) ti hai im c honh
1 2
, x x .
Tm gi tr ca m sao cho
2
1 2
( ) d x x = t gi tr nh nht.
Li gii:
Xt phng trnh:
3 3
2 3 3 3
1 1
x m x x m
x x
+ = + + + =
2
(3 3)(3 1) 3 0, 1 3 ( 6) 0 x m x x x m x m + = = + = (d thy 1 khng phi l
nghim ca phng trnh ny)
Page 8 of 130
2 2
( 6) 12 36 0, m m m m A = + = + >
m phng trnh c 2 nghim phn bit m ng thng 2 y x m = + lun ct
th ti 2 im phn bit .
Theo Viet:
2 2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
6 1
( ) ( ) 4 ( ) 4( ) ( 36) 4
3 3 9
m m
d x x x x x x m
= = + = = + >
4
d
min = khi 0 m=
10. Cho hm s
2 3 2
( 5 ) 6 6 6 y m m x mx x = + + + . Gi ( )
m
C l th ca n.
Tm tt c cc im c nh trong mt phng ta m ( )
m
C lun i qua vi mi gi tr
m. Tip tuyn ca ( )
m
C ti mi im c c nh hay khng khi m thay i, ti sao?
Li gii:
2 3 2 3 2 3 2
( 5 ) 6 6 6 (5 6 ) 6 6 0 y m m x mx x x m x x m y x = + + + + + + =
Cc im m th lun i qua vi mi m s c ta tha mn phng trnh trn c
nghim vi mi m, tc l cc h s ca m bng 0.
Gii ra ta c nghim duy nht 0; 6 x y = = nn m , th lun i qua im c nh
A(0; -6).
V (0) 6 y' = m nn tip tuyn ca ( )
m
C ti im c nh A (0; - 6) c nh khi m thay
i.
11. Xt hm s:
2
3
1
x x m
y
x
+ +
=
+
, vi m l tham s
Vi nhng gi tr no ca m th th ca hm s trn c tip tuyn vung gc vi ng
phn gic ca gc phn t th nht ca h trc ta ?
Chng minh rng khi th ca hm s c im cc i v cc tiu.
Li gii:
2
2
2 3
( 1)
x x a
y
x
+ +
' =
+
th c tip tuyn vung gc vi ng phn gic gc phn t th nht
phng trnh 1 y' = c nghim
Page 9 of 130
phng trnh
2
2
2 3
1
( 1)
x x a
x
+ +
=
+
c nghim
phng trnh
2
2( 1) 2 x a + = c nghim 1 2 0 2 x a a = > >
tam thc
2
2 3 x x a + + c 2 0 a y ' ' A = > c 2 nghim phn bit
Hm s c im cc i, cc tiu
12. Cho hm s
2
1
x
y
x
=
.
Tm tp hp cc im trong mt phng ta Oxy t ta c th v c hai tip
tuyn n th (C) v hai tip tuyn vung gc vi nhau.
Hng dn:
Xt im A(a;b). ng thng qua A, h s gc k c phng trnh: y = k(x-a)+ b
ng thng ny s l tip tuyn khi v ch khi h n x gm 2 phng trnh sau c
nghim:
(1):
1
1
1
x kx b ak
x
+ + = +
(2):
2
1
1
( 1)
k
x
=
Bin i v phng trnh n k ta c:
2 2 2
( ) (1 ) [2(1 )( 2) 4] ( 2) 4 0 k a k a b k b | = + + + = (3)
t A ta v c hai tip tuyn n th (C) v hai tip tuyn vung gc vi nhau
th (3) phi c 2 nghim phn bit khc 1 v tch 2 nghim ny phi bng -1,iu kin ny
tng ng vi:
(1) 0 | = v
2
2
( 2) 4
1
(1 )
b
a
=
2 2 2
( 1) ( 2) 2 , 1, 1 a b a b a + = = = +
Vy tp hp cn tm l ng trn (C) tm I(1;2), bn knh 2, b i 4 giao im ca (C)
vi 2 tim cn.
Page 10 of 130
13. Cho hm s
3
3 2 y x x = + +
Tm trn trc honh nhng im m t k c 3 tip tuyn n th.
Hng dn:
Lm tng t bi 13, gi im cn tm l A(a;0), da vo iu kin tip tuyn, sau khi
bin i v phng trnh ca a, l phng trnh bc 3 d dng tm c 1 nghim, ta
tm k sao phng trnh ny c 3 nghim phn bit.
Kt lun: cc im cn tm trn trc honh l cc im c honh tha mn :
1; x <
2
1
3
x < < hoc 2 x > .
14. Cho hm s
1
y x
x
= + (C)
a. Chng minh (C) c mt tm i xng .
b. Lp phng trnh tip tuyn (C) bit tip tuyn vung gc vi tim cn xin
Li gii:
a.
1
( ) , , f x x D x D
x
= + e e v
1 1
( ) ( ) ( ) f x x x f x
x x
= = + = O l TX
b. PTTT: Phng trnh tip tuyn: y x b = + . iu kin tip xc l tha mn 2 phng
trnh sau:
1
x x b
x
+ = + v
2
1
1 1
x
= . Gii ra ta c: , 2
2
2
2
x b = =
Vy c 2 tip tuyn: 2 2 y x = + v 2 2 y x =
15. Cho hm s
2
4 1 x x
y
x
+ +
= .
Qua im A(1;0), vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi th.
Li gii:
D thy ng thng x=1 khng l tip tuyn nn ng thng qua A(1;0) vi h s gc
k s c phng trnh: y=k(x-1)
Page 11 of 130
ng thng ny s l tip tuyn tng ng h gm 2 phng trnh sau c nghim:
(1):
1
4 ( 1) x k x
x
+ + =
(2):
2
1
1 k
x
=
Bin i v phng trnh n k ta c:
2
( 4)
1 , 4
4
k
k k
+
= = 6 2 6 k =
Vy c 2 tip tuyn tha mn: ( 6 2 6)( 1) y x = + v ( 6 2 6)( 1) y x =
16. Cho hm s
2
1
1
x x
y
x
+
=
.
Tm m ng thng 2 2 y mx m = + ct th ( ) C ti hai im thuc hai nhnh ca
( ) C .
Li gii:
Phng trnh honh giao im ca ng thng cho v (C):
2
2
1
2 2 ( ) ( 1) (3 1) 2 1 0, 1
1
x x
mx m f x m x m x m x
x
+
= + = + = =
Hai ng trn ct nhau ti 2 im phn bit thuc 2 nhnh ca th khi v ch khi:
( ) 0 f x = c 2 nghim tha mn:
1 2
1 x x < < 1 0 m = v ( 1) (1) 0 1 m f m < >
17. Cho hm s
2
2 2
1
x x
y
x
+
=
v
1
( ) d : y x m = + v
2
( ) d : 3 y x = +
Tm tt c gi tr ca m ( ) C ct
1
( ) d ti 2 im phn bit i xng nhau qua
2
( ) d .
Li gii:
Phng trnh honh giao im ca (C) v (d1) l:
2
2 2
1
x x
x m
x
+
+ =
2
2 2 ( )( 1) x x m x x + = + ( 1 x = khng l nghim)
2
2 ( 3) 2 0 x m x m + + + = .
Page 12 of 130
iu kin cn l:
2
2 7 0 1 8 1 8 m m m m A = > < v > + (*)
Gi H l giao im ca
1 2
( ), ( ) d d , phng trnh honh giao im H l:
3
3
2
H
m
x m x x
+ = + = . V
1
( ) d vung gc vi
2
( ) d nn m tha mn (*) v
3
2 3 9
2
A B H
m
x x x m m
+
= + = =
18. Cho hm s
2
2 (1 ) 1 x m x m
y
x m
+ + +
=
+
( )
m
C .
CMR 1 m = , cc ng ( )
m
C tip xc vi mt ng thng c nh ti mt im c
nh. Xc nh phng trnh ng thng .
Li gii:
Gi
0 0
( ; ) M x y l im c nh ca ( )
m
C vi 1 m= . Ta c:
2
0 0
0
0
2 (1 ) 1 x m x m
y
x m
+ + +
=
+
, 1 m =
2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
( 1) 2 1 , 1 , m y x x x x y x m m + = + + + = =
2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 1 1 0 1, 2 0, x x x y y x x y = + + + + = = = ( 1; 2) M
Ta c: ( 1) 1 f ' = 1 m = ( )
m
C lun tip xc vi tip xc vi ng thng c h s
gc l -1, qua M c nh v c phng trnh l ( 1) 2 y x = + + hay 1 y x + =
19. Cho hm s
2 2 2
2 (2 )( 1)
1
m x m mx
y
mx
+ +
=
+
(1)
Chng minh rng vi 0 m = , tim cn xin ca th hm s (1) lun tip xc vi mt
parabol c nh.Tm phng trnh ca parabol .
Li gii:
2
2 y mx m = l tim cn xin ca th vi 0 m= .
Tip tuyn ca Parabol
2
( 0) y ax bx c a = + + = ti im
2
0 0 0 0
( ; ) x y ax bx c = + + c
phng trnh l:
2
0 0 0 0
(2 )( ) y ax b x x ax bx c = + + + + .
Page 13 of 130
N s trng vi TCX
2
2 y mx m = khi v ch khi:
0
2 2 ax b m + = v
2 2
0
ax c m + = . Kh
0
x ta c phng trnh n m, phng trnh ny tha
mn vi mi m, cho cc h s bng 0 ta c: a=1; b=c=0. Vy parabol cn tm l
2
y x = .
20. Cho hm s
2
2 ( 1) 3 x m x
y
x m
+ +
=
+
Xc nh m ng tim cn xin ca th hm s (1) tip xc vi parabol
2
5 y x = +
Li gii:
2 2
2 ( 1) 3 3
2 1
x m x m m
y x m
x m x m
+ +
= = + +
+ +
TCX 2 1 y x m = + s tip xc vi
2
5 y x = + khi v ch khi h gm 2 phng trnh sau
c nghim:
2
5 2 1 x x m + = + v 2 2 x = , suy ra 1 x = v 3 m=
21. Cho hm s
3 2
1 y x mx m = + .
Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ti cc im c nh m th hm s lun i qua vi mi
gi tr ca m. Tm qu tch giao im ca cc tip tuyn khi m thay i.
Li gii:
D thy th i qua 2 im c nh l
1 2
(1;0), ( 1; 2) A A
2
3 2 y x mx ' = + , do tip tuyn ti
1
(1; 0) A c PT: (2 3)( 1) y m x = + v tip tuyn ti
2
( 1; 2) A c PT: ( 2 3)( 1) 2 y m x = + + .
Giao im M ca 2 tip tuyn c ta tha mn 2 phng trnh sau:
(2 3)( 1) y m x = + v ( 2 3)( 1) 2 y m x = + + . Rt m t 1 PT thay vo PT cn li ta c:
2
3 2 x x
y
x
= , chnh l qu tch cn tm.
22. Cho hm s
2 4
1
x
y
x
=
+
Bin lun theo m s giao im ca th trn v ng thng 2 0 x y m + = .
Trong trng hp c hai giao im M,N th hy tm qu tch trung im I ca on MN.
Page 14 of 130
Li gii:
Honh giao im l nghim ca phng trnh:
2 4
1
x
x
+
2x m = +
2 2
2 ( 4) 4 0, 16 x m x m m + + + + = A =
Nu 4 4 m < < th khng c giao im
Nu 4 m= th c 1 giao im
Nu 4 4 m m < v > th c 2 giao im. Khi trung im E ca MN c ta :
1 2
4
2 4
E
x x m
x
+
= = v 2
E
y x m = +
Rt m t 1 phng trnh th vo phng trnh cn li 2 4 y x =
Vi iu kin 4 4 m m < v > 0 2 x x > v <
Vy qu tch phi tm l phn ng thng 2 4 y x = ng vi ( ; 2) (0; ) xe +
23. Cho hm s
2
2 1
1
m
y x
x
= +
a. Vi gi tr no ca m th hm s ng thi c cc i v cc tiu.
b. Tm qu tch cc im cc i v cc tiu ca th hm s khi m thay i.
Li gii:
a. Hm s ng thi c cc i v cc tiu khi
2
2
2 4 2 2
0
( 1)
x x m
y
x
+
' = =
c 2 nghim
phn bit khc 1
2
2 4 2 2 0 x x m + = c 2 nghim phn bit khc 1 0 m >
b. Vi 0 m> t bng bin thin ta c ta im cc i:
2
1 , 2 1
1
I I I
I
m
x m y x
x
= = +
. Bin i ta c: 4 3, 1
I I I
y x x = <
Vy qu tch cc im cc i l na ng thng c phng trnh 4 3 y x = vi 1 x <
Tng t qu tch cc im cc tiu l na ng thng c phng trnh 4 3 y x = vi
1 x >
Page 15 of 130
24. Cho hm s
3 2
2 (2 ) 1 y x m x = + + (1) , vi m l tham s .
Tm gi tr ca m th hm s (1) c 2 im phn bit i xng nhau qua gc ta .
Li gii:
Yu cu bi ton
0
0 x - =
0 0
( ) ( ) y x y x =
0
0 x - =
3 2 3 2
0 0 0 0
2 (2 ) 1 2 (2 ) 1 x m x x m x + + = + +
0
0 x - =
2
0
(2 ) 1 m x + = 2 m >
25. Cho hm s
2
2 ( 4) 2 1
2
x m x m
y
x
+ +
=
(1)
Tm m th ca hm s (1) nhn im (2; 1) lm tm i xng .
Li gii:
2
2 ( 4) 2 1 1
( ) 2
2 2
x m x m
y f x x m
x x
+ +
= = = + +
th nhn E(2;1) l tm i xng khi v ch khi
(2 ) (2 )
1 0 3
2
f t f t
t m
+ +
= = =
26. Cho hm s
3 2
(3 ) 5 y x m x mx m = + + + +
Vi gi tr no ca m trn th c 2 im i xng qua gc O.
Li gii:
th c 2 im i xng nhau qua gc O tc l phi tn ti x,y sao cho im (x;y) v (-
x;- y) cng thuc th tng ng h gm 2 phng trnh sau nghim khc (0;0):
3 2
(3 ) 5 y x m x mx m = + + + + (1);
3 2
(3 ) 5 y x m x mx m = + + + (2)
Ly (1) cng vi (2) ta c:
2
2( 3) 2( 5) 0 m x m + + + = , phng trnh ny phi c
nghim khc 0
3
5 3
5
0 m m
m
m
> < v
+
>
+
27. Cho hm s:
2
1
1
x x
y
x
+
=
Page 16 of 130
Xc nh im
1 1
( ; ) A x y vi
1
0 x > thuc th ca hm s trn sao cho khong cch
n giao im ca hai tim cn l nh nht.
Li gii:
Giao im 2 tim cn l E(1;1). Xt im
1 1
( ; ) A x y thuc th khi v ch khi
2
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
x
y
x
x
x x
+
= = +
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 2
1 1
1 1
( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1 ) 2( 1) 2 2 2 2
1 ( 1)
EA x y x x x
x x
= + = + + = + + > +
Du = xy ra khi
2
2 2 2 EA = +
2
1 1 2
1
4
1 1
2( 1)
( 1
1
) 2
x x
x
= = + .
Vy im cn tm c honh l:
4
1
1
2
x = +
28. Cho hm s
2
2 2
1
x mx
y
x
+ +
=
+
, (m l tham s).
Tm gi tr ca m th hm s c im cc i, im cc tiu v khong cch t hai
im n ng thng 2 0 x y + + = bng nhau.
Li gii:
2
2
2 2 2
( 1)
x x m
y
x
+ +
' =
+
hm s c cc i, cc tiu th phng trnh
2
2 2 2 0 x x m + + = (1) c hai nghim
phn bit khc -1
3
2
m <
Gi s
1 2
, x x l 2 nghim ca (1) v
1 1 2 2
( ; ), ( , ) A x y B x y l cc im cc tr ca th,
trong :
1 1 1 2 2 2
( ) 2 2 , ( ) 2 2 y y x x m y y x x m = = + = = +
khong cch t A v B ti ng thng x+y+2=0 bng nhau th iu kin l :
1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2
2| 2| 3( )[3( ) 4 ]= | 4 | 0 x y x y x x x m x + = + + + + + + (*)
Page 17 of 130
Do
2 1
, x x l nghim ca (1) nn
2 2 1 1
|=2 3 2 , =-2 m=-1/2 | x x x m x + (thay vo (*))
29. Cho th (C) ca hm s
2
2 2
1
x x
y
x
+ +
=
+
Gi I l tm i xng ca th (C) v M l mt im trn (C). Tip tuyn ti M vi (C)
ct hai ng tim cn ti A,B.
Chng minh rng M l trung im ca on AB v din tch tam gic IAB khng ph
thuc vo v tr im M trn (C).
Li gii:
Gi (d) l tip tuyn ti
0 0 0
0
1
( , 1 )
1
M x y x
x
= + +
+
c phng trnh:
0 0 2
0 0
1 1
(1 )( ) 1
( 1) 1
y x x x
x x
= + + +
+ +
(d) ct tim cn ng ti
0
2
( 1; )
1
A
x
+
v ct tim cn xin ti
0 0
(2 1, 2 2) B x x + +
Ta c
0
2 2
A B M
x x x x + = = v A,B,M thng hng suy ra M l trung im ca AB
Giao 2 tim cn l I(-1;0) v B cch tin cn ng x+1=0 mt khong cch l
0
0
2 2
| 2 1 1|
2| 1|
1 0
x
h x
+ +
= = +
+
Ta c:
0
0 0
1 2
| | . .2| 1| 2
| 1| 2 | 1|
1
A IAB
AI y S x
x x
A
= = = + =
+ +
(vdt)
Vy IAB A c din tch khng ph thuc vo v tr ca M.
30. Cho hm s
1
1
1
y x
x
= + +
. Gi th l (C).
Tm nhng im trn th (C) c honh ln hn 1 sao cho tip tuyn ti im to
vi hai ng tim cn mt tam gic c chu vi nh nht.
p s: im cn tm c hong l:
4
1
1
2
x = +
Page 18 of 130
luyn tp s 2: Phng trnh bt phng trnh h
phng trnh i s
(Cc em hy c gng t lm, li gii thy s gi sau 1 tun, sau chng ta cng
trao i tng bi Box dnh ring cho lp luyn thi Ton VIP)
Bi 1. Gii cc phng trnh cha cn thc sau:
1, 3 5 3 4 x x = + 11,
2
3 2 1 4 9 2 3 5 2 x x x x x + = + +
2,
2 2
5 1 ( 4) 1 x x x x x + + = + + + 12,
3
2 1 1 x x =
3,
4 4
18 5 1 x x = 13,
3 3
1 2 2 1 x x + =
4,
( )
3 2 2 2 6 x x x + = + + 14,
2 2
5 14 9 20 5 1 x x x x x + + = +
5,
2 2
2 8 6 1 2 2 x x x x + + + = + 15,
3
2 3 2 3 6 5 8 x x + =
6,
2
( 1) ( 2) 2 x x x x x + + = 16, 2 7 5 3 2 x x x + =
7,
3 3
4 3 1 x x + = 17,
2
2 7 2 1 8 7 1 x x x x x + = + + +
8,
2 2
4 2 3 4 x x x x + = + 18,
2
3
2 4
2
x
x x
+
+ =
9,
2 2
3 3 3 6 3 x x x x + + + = 19,
2
4 13 5 3 1 x x x + = +
10,
2 3
2 4 3 4 x x x x + + = + 20,
2 2 2 2
5 5
1 1 1
4 4
x x x x x + + = +
Bi 2. Gii cc bt phng trnh v t sau:
1,
2 2
( 3) 4 9 x x x s 5, 1 3 4 x x + > +
2, 3 2 8 7 x x x + > + 6,
2 2
5 10 1 7 2 x x x x + + >
3,
2
1 1 4
3
x
x
< 7,
2
8 6 1 4 1 0 x x x + + s
4,
3 1
3 2 7
2 2
x x
x x
+ < + 8, 2 1 3 2 4 3 5 4 x x x x + < +
Page 19 of 130
Bi 3. Gii cc h phng trnh sau:
1,
1 3
2
1 3
2
x
y x
y
x y
+ =
+ =
9,
3
1 1
2 1
x y
y x
y x
= +
2,
2
(3 2 )( 1) 12
2 4 8 0
x x y x
x y x
+ + =
+ + =
10,
2 2
4
( 1) ( 1) 2
x y x y
x x y y y
+ + + =
+ + + + =
3,
2 2
4 2 2 4
5
13
x y
x x y y
+ =
+ =
11,
2 1 1
3 2 4
x y x y
x y
+ + + =
+ =
4,
2
2 2
3 2 16
3 2 8
x xy
x xy y
=
12,
( ) ( )
( )( )
2
2
1 4
1 2
x y y x y
x y x y
+ + + =
+ + =
5,
5 2 7
5 2 7
x y
y x
+ + =
+ + =
13,
2 2 2
1 7
1 13
xy x y
x y xy y
+ + =
+ + =
6,
( )
( )
2
2
1 3 0
5
1 0
x x y
x y
x
+ + =
+ + =
14,
2
3 2
2
2
3
2
2 9
2
2 9
xy
x x y
x x
xy
y y x
y y
+ = +
+ = +
7,
2 2
2 3 4 6
4 4 12 3
xy x y
x y x y
+ + =
+ + + =
15,
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
36 25 60
36 25 60
36 25 60
y x x
z y y
x z z
+ =
+ =
+ =
8,
2 2
2 2 2
3( ),
7( )
x xy y x y
x xy y x y
+ =
+ + =
16,
( )
3 3
2 2
8 2
3 3 1
x x y y
x y
= +
= +
Bi 4. Gii bng phng php hm s, nh gi:
1,
2
2 10 3
x
x = 5,
( ) ( )
2
lg 6 lg 2 4 x x x x + = + +
2,
( ) ( ) ( )
3
5 2 6 5 2 6 3
x x x
+ + = 6, ( ) 9 2 2 3 2 5 0
x x
x x + + =
Page 20 of 130
3,
2 2
3 13 4 3 3 6 x x x + = + + 7,
( ) 2 3
log 1 log x x + =
4,
4 4
1 17 2 x x + = 8, 4 7 9 2
x x
x + = +
Bi 5. Gii cc phng trnh m sau:
1,
( ) ( )
2 2
3 3
2 3 2 3 14
x x
+ + = 6,
( ) ( )
3
5 21 7 5 21 2
x x
x+
+ + =
2,
2
4.3 9.2 5.6
x
x x
= 7,
1 1 1
2.81 7.36 5.16 0
x x x
+ =
3,
4
2
8 4.3
x
x
x
+
= 8,
2
2
3
2 .3
2
x x x
=
4,
2 2
1 2
9 10.3 1 0
x x x x + +
+ = 9,
( )
9 9
3 log 1 log 3
3
x x
x
=
5,
( )
2
3 2 9 .3 9.2 0
x x x x
+ + = 10,
3 1 3
.3 27 .3 9
x x
x x x x
+
+ = +
Bi 6. Gii cc phng trnh logarit sau:
1,
2
3 3
3
log log 1
x
x
x
+ = 5,
( ) 2
3 2
8 10
2 5 2
log log 2 0
x
x x
x x
+
+ +
+ =
2,
5 5
log 5 log 25 3
x
x + = 7,
2 3
16 4
2
log 14log 40log 0
x x x
x x x + =
3,
( ) ( ) 3 2
2 2
2 4 3
log 3 log 3
x x x
x x
+
= 8,
2
2
log 2 2log 4 log 8
x x
x
+ =
4, ( )
3 9
3
4
2 log log 3 1
1 log
x
x
x
=
9, ( )
2
2 2
log 4 log 3 0 x x x x + + =
9, ( ) ( )
3
1 8
2
2
log 1 log 3 log 1 0 x x x + =
10,
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
log 2 3log 2 5 x x x x + + =
11,
1
3 3
log (3 1)log (3 3) 6
x x+
=
Page 21 of 130
Bi 7. Gii cc bt phng trnh m:
1,
2
2
2
2
1
9 2 3
3
x x
x x
| |
s
|
\ .
4,
3 1 2
2 7.2 7.2 2 0
x x x +
+ =
2,
2 1 2 1
3 2 5.6 0
x x x + +
s 5,
2 2
2 4 2 2 1
2 16.2 2
0
1
x x x x
x
s
+
3,
2 35
2
12
2 1
x
x
x
+ >
6,
2 2
1 1 1
2 2 2 2
x x x x +
+ s +
Bi 8. Gii cc bt phng trnh logarit:
1, ( )
1
log 2 2
x
x
+
> 4, ( )
2
2
1 2
2
1 1
log 2 3 1 log 1
2 2
x x x + + >
2,
2
4 2
(log 8 log )log 2 0
x
x x + > 5,
( )
2
3 1
2
log log 3 1 x <
3,
2
2
2 3
log 0
3 8
x
x
x
+
<
+
6,
( ) ( )
2
3
3
log 1 log 2 1 2
0
2 1
x x
x
+
>
Bi 9. Gii cc h phng trnh m, logarit:
1,
2 2
ln(1 ) ln(1 )
12 20 0
x y x y
x xy y
+ + =
+ =
5,
2 1
2 1
2 2 3 1
2 2 3 1
y
x
x x x
y y y
+ + = +
+ + = +
2,
2 2
1 1
3 3
10
log log 1 0
x y
x y
+ =
+ + =
6,
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
lg 1 lg13
lg lg 3lg2
x y
x y x y
+ =
+ = +
3,
( )
3
3 .2 972
log 2
x y
x y
=
7,
( )
( )
5
27 .3 5
3log
y x
x y
x y x y
+ =
+ =
4,
2 2
2
2 4 1
2 4 2 1
x y
x y x y +
+ =
+ + =
8,
1
2 2 1
2 1 1
1 2 2 1
x
x x
y y
y
+
+ +
= + +
+ = +
Page 22 of 130
Bi 10. Tm tham s m phng trnh:
1,
2 4
1 x x m + = c nghim
2,
4 4
13 1 0 x x m x + + = c ng mt nghim
3,
( ) ( )
3
2 1
2
log 4 log 2 2 1 0 x mx x m + + + = c nghim
Ba 11. Tm tham s m bt phng trnh:
1,
( )
2
1
2
log 3 1
m
m
x
+
+
+ > ng vi mi x R e 2, .2 2 3 1
x x
m m s + c nghim
3,
( )
2
2 2 1 (2 ) 0 m x x x x + + + s c nghim 0;1 3 x
(
e +
Bi 12. Tm tham s m h phng trnh:
1,
2 0
1
x y m
x xy
=
+ =
+ s
+ + + >
c nghim
3,
( ) ( )
2 2
2
1 1 2
1
m y
x n
m nxy x y
+ + + =
+ + =
c nghim vi mi n R e
Bi 13. Chng minh rng h
2
2
2007
1
2007
1
x
y
y
e
y
x
e
x
Page 24 of 130
- Ta c: ( ) ( )
( )
3
8 3
* 2 3
3 2 6 3 2 6 4
x
x
x
x x x x
=
=
+ + + + =
- p s:
108 4 254
3;
25
x
+
=
`
)
5,
2 2
2 8 6 1 2 2 x x x x + + + = +
- iu kin:
2
2
1
2 8 6 0
1
1 0
3
x
x x
x
x
x
=
+ + >
>
>
- D thy x = -1 l nghim ca phng trnh
- Xt vi 1 x > , th pt cho tng ng vi: ( ) 2 3 1 2 1 x x x + + = +
Bnh phng 2 v, chuyn v dng c bn ( ) ( ) f x g x = ta dn ti nghim trong
trng hp ny nghim 1 x =
- Xt vi 3 x s , th pt cho tng ng vi: ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 3 1 2 1 x x x + + = +
Bnh phng 2 v, chuyn v dng c bn ( ) ( ) f x g x = ta dn ti nghim trong
trng hp ny l:
25
7
x =
- p s:
25
; 1
7
x
=
`
)
6,
2
( 1) ( 2) 2 x x x x x + + = S:
9
0;
8
x
=
`
)
7,
3 3
4 3 1 x x + =
- S dng phng php h qu gii quyt bi ton, th li nghim tm c.
- p s: { } 5; 4 x =
8,
2 2 2
4 2 14
4 2 3 4 4 ; 2 0; 2;
3 3
x x x x t x x t x
+ = + = + = =
` `
)
)
Page 25 of 130
9,
2 2
3 3 3 6 3 x x x x + + + =
- t
2 2 2
3 3 0 3 3 t x x x x t = + > + =
- Phng trnh thnh:
( )
2 2
2
2
3
3 3 3 3 1
3 3
t
t t t t t
t t
>
+ + = + = =
+ =
Suy ra { }
2
3 2 0 1; 2 x x x + = =
- Vy tp nghim ca phng trnh l { } 1; 2 x =
10,
2 3
2 4 3 4 x x x x + + = +
- iu kin: 0 x >
- t
( )( )
2 2 2 2
2
2 2
4 4
4 2; 0
2 0 2 3
u v u v
u x v x
u v u v u v uv
= + = +
= + > = >
= + =
Gii ra ta c
4
3
x = (tha mn)
11,
2
3 2 1 4 9 2 3 5 2 x x x x x + = + +
- iu kin: 1 x >
- Khi :
2
3 2 1 4 9 2 3 5 2 x x x x x + = + +
( )
2
3 2 1 3 2 1
3 2 1 1
x x x x
x x
+ = +
+ =
Gii tip bng phng php tng ng, ta c nghim 1 x =
12,
3
2 1 1 x x =
- iu kin: 1 x >
- t
3
2 ; 1 0 u x v x = = > dn ti h:
3 2
1
1
u v
u v
=
+ =
Page 26 of 130
Th u vo phng trnh di c: ( )( ) 1 3 0 v v v =
- p s: { } 1; 2;10 x =
13,
3 3
1 2 2 1 x x + =
3
3
3
1 2
1 5
2 1 1;
2
1 2
y x
y x x y x
x y
+ =
= = =
`
+ =
)
14,
2 2
5 14 9 2 5 1 x x x x x + + = + S:
9
1; ;11
4
x
=
`
)
15,
3
2 3 2 3 6 5 8 x x + =
- Gii hon ton tng t nh bi 1.12
- p s: { } 2 x =
16, 2 7 5 3 2 x x x + =
- iu kin:
2
5
3
x s s
- Chuyn v sao cho 2 v dng, ri bnh phng 2 v ta dn ti phng trnh c bn.
Sau gii tip theo nh hc.
- p s:
14
1;
3
x
=
`
)
17,
2
2 7 2 1 8 7 1 x x x x x + = + + +
- iu kin: 1 7 x s s
- Ta c:
2
2 7 2 1 8 7 1 x x x x x + = + + +
( ) ( )
1 1 7 2 1 7 x x x x x =
1 2 5
4
1 7
x x
x
x x
= =
=
=
- p s: { } 4;5 x =
Page 27 of 130
18, ( )
2
2
3 3
2 4 2 1 2
2 2
x x
x x x
+ +
+ = + =
- t
3
1
2
x
y
+
+ =
( )
( )
2
2
2 1 3
2 1 3
x y
y x
+ = +
+ = +
- p s:
3 17 5 13
;
4 4
x
=
`
)
19, ( )
2
2
4 13 5 3 1 2 3 4 3 1 x x x x x x + = + + + = +
- t
( )
( )
2
2
2 3 3 1
2 3 3 1
2 3 4 2 3
y x
y x
x x y
= +
= +
+ + =
- p s:
15 97 11 73
;
8 8
x
+
=
`
)
20,
2 2 2 2
5 5
1 1 1
4 4
x x x x x + + = +
- iu kin: 1 x s
- PT cho
2 2
1 1
1 1 1
2 2
x x x + + = +
- p s:
3
; 1
5
x
=
`
)
Bi 2. Gii cc bt phng trnh v t sau:
1,
2 2
( 3) 4 9 x x x s S: | )
13
; 3;
6
x
| (
e
(
\
2, 3 2 8 7 x x x + > + S: | | | | 4;5 6;7 xe
3,
2
2
2
1 1 4 4
3 3 3 1 4 4 3
1 1 4
x x
x x
x
x
< < >
+
S: { }
1 1
; \ 0
2 2
x
(
e
(
Page 28 of 130
4,
3 1 1
3 2 7 2 2
2 2 2
x x t x
x x x
+ < + = + >
S:
8 3 7 1 8 3 7
0; ;1 ;
2 4 2
x
| | | |
+ | |
e
| |
|
| |
\ .
\ . \ .
5, 1 3 4 x x + > + S: ( ) 0; xe
6,
2 2 2
5 10 1 7 2 2 x x x x t x x + + > = + S: ( ) ( )
{ }
1; ; 3 \ 1 2 2 xe
7,
2
8 6 1 4 1 0 x x x + + s S:
1 1
;
2 4
x
|
e
`
|
. )
8, 2 1 3 2 4 3 5 4 x x x x + < +
- iu kin:
4
5
x >
- ( )
( ) 3 1
1
* 3 2 4 3 5 4 2 1
3 2 4 3 5 4 2 1
x
x
x x x x
x x x x
< <
+ +
Nu 1 0 x VT VP s > > : BPT v nghim
Nu 1 0 x VT VP > < < : BPT lun ng
- p s: ( ) 1; xe
Bi 3. Gii cc h phng trnh sau:
1,
1 3
2
1 3
2
x
y x
y
x y
+ =
+ =
- y l h i xng loi II
- iu kin: 0; 0 x y = =
- Tr v theo v ta c: ( )
1 1
2 4
2
x y
x y
xy x y
= | |
=
|
=
\ .
Vi x y = , h tng ng vi
2
2 1 x x
x
= =
Page 29 of 130
Vi
2
2 xy y
x
= = , th vo pt u c:
2 2
3 3 3
2
2 2
2 2
x y
x x
x
x x
x y
= =
= =
= =
- Vy h c nghim: ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) { }
; 1;1 , 1; 1 , 2; 2 , 2, 2 x y =
2,
( )( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2
3 2 12
(3 2 )( 1) 12
2 4 8 0
3 2 8
x y x x
x x y x
x y x
x y x x
+ + =
+ + =
+ + =
+ + + =
t
2
3 2 ; u x y v x x = + = + suy ra:
12 6 2
8 2 6
uv u u
u v v v
= = =
v
+ = = =
Gii tng trng hp ta dn ti p s: ( ) ( ) ( )
3 11
; 2; 6 , 1; , 2; 2 , 3,
2 2
x y
| | | |
=
`
| |
\ . \ . )
3,
2 2
4 2 2 4
5
13
x y
x x y y
+ =
+ =
- y l h i xng loi I i vi
2
x v
2
y
- p s: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) { }
; 2; 1 , 2; 1 , 1; 2 , 1, 2 x y =
4,
2
2 2
3 2 16
3 2 8
x xy
x xy y
=
- y l h ng cp bc 2
- Nhn xt x = 0 khng tha mn h, ta xt 0 x = , t y tx =
H tr thnh:
( )
( )
2
2 2
3 2 16
1 3 2 8
x t
x t t
=
- Gii h ny tm t, x
- p s: ( ) ( ) ( ) { }
; 2; 1 , 2,1 x y =
Page 30 of 130
5,
5 2 7
5 2 7
x y
y x
+ + =
+ + =
5 2 5 2 x y y x x y + + = + + =
S: ( ) ( ) ; 11;11 x y =
6,
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
3 1
1 3 0 2 1
2
1
5
1 1 5 1
1 0
1
2
x x y x y x y x y
x
x y
x y
x
x
x x
+ + = + = + = + =
v
=
+ + =
= + =
S: ( ) ( )
3
; 1;1 ; 2;
2
x y
| |
=
`
|
\ . )
7,
( )( )
2 2
2 2
2 2 3 0 2 3 4 6
4 4 12 3
4 4 12 3
x y xy x y
x y x y
x y x y
+ + = + + =
+ + + =
+ + + =
S: ( )
1 3 3 3
; 2; ; 2; ; 2; ; 6;
2 2 2 2
x y
| | | | | | | |
=
`
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ . )
8,
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
3( )
3( ) 3( )
7( ) 2 2
2
5 2 0
x xy y x y
x xy y x y x xy y x y
y
x xy y x y x y x x y y x +
+ =
+ = + =
+ + = = v =
S: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) { }
; 0;0 ; 1; 2 ; 1; 2 x y =
9,
( )
3
3
1 1 1
1 0
2 1
2 1
x y x y
y x xy
y x
y x
| |
= + =
|
\ .
= +
= +
S: ( ) ( )
1 5 1 5
; 1;1 ; ;
2 2
x y
| |
=
| `
|
\ . )
10,
( )
2
2 2
0 1 4 2 4
2 ( 1) ( 1) 2
2
x y x y x y x y x y x y xy
xy x x y y y
xy
+ = v + = + + + = + + + =
= + + + + =
=
S: ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
{ }
; 2; 2 , 2, 2 , 2,1 , 1, 2 x y =
Page 31 of 130
11,
2 1 1
3 2 4
x y x y
x y
+ + + =
+ =
- t
2 2
2 1 0 1 2 1
1 2 5
0
u x y u v u u
v v u v
v x y
= + + > = = =
v
= = + =
= + >
- p s: ( ) ( ) ; 2; 1 x y =
12,
( ) ( )
( )( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
2 2
1
4
1
1 4
1
1 1 2
2 1 3
x
y x
x
x y y x y
y
y
x x y x y
y x y x
y
+
+ + = +
+ + + =
=
+ + + =
+ = + =
S: ( ) ( ) ( ) { }
; 1; 2 ; 2;5 x y =
13,
2 2 2 2
2
2
1
1
7
7
1 7
1 1 13
1
13
13
x
x
x
x
y y
xy x y y y
x x y xy y
x
x
x
y y
y y
| |
+ + =
+ + = |
+ + = \ .
+ + =
| |
+ + =
+ =
|
\ .
S: ( ) ( ) ( ) { }
; 1; 2 ; 2;5 x y =
14,
2
3 2
2
2
3
2
2 9
2
2 9
xy
x x y
x x
xy
y y x
y y
+ = +
+ = +
S: ( ) ( ) ( ) { }
; 0;0 ; 1;1 x y =
15,
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
36 25 60
36 25 60
36 25 60
y x x
y f x
z y y z f y
x f z
x z z
+ =
=
+ = =
=
+ =
vi ( )
2
2
60
36 25
t
f t
t
=
+
, , 0 x y z > nn xt hm ( ) f t trn min | ) 0; , hm ny ng bin x y z = =
Page 32 of 130
S: ( ) ( )
5 5 5
; ; 0; 0; 0 ; ; ;
6 6 6
x y z
| |
=
`
|
\ . )
16,
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2 2 3 3
2 2
2 2
2 2
3 8
8 2 8 2
3 3 1
3 2
3 2
x
x x y y x x y y
y
x
x y
x y
x y
= + = +
=
= +
= +
= +
S: ( ) ( )
4 78 78 4 78 78
; 3; 1 ; ; ; ;
13 13 13 13
x y
| | | |
=
| | `
| |
\ . \ . )
Bi 4. Gii bng phng php hm s, nh gi:
1, 2 10 3 2 3 10
x x
x x = + = 2 x = l nghim duy nht
2,
( ) ( ) ( )
3
5 2 6 5 2 6
5 2 6 5 2 6 3 1
3 3 3 3
x x
x x x | | | |
+
+ + = + =
| |
| |
\ . \ .
- Do
5 2 6 5 2 6
1 0
3 3 3 3
+
> > > nn hm
5 2 6
3 3
x
| |
+
|
|
\ .
ng bin trn R, cn hm
5 2 6
3 3
x
| |
|
|
\ .
nghch bin trn R.
Nu
5 2 6
0 1
3 3
x
x
| |
+
> >
|
|
\ .
PT v nghim
Nu
5 2 6
0 1
3 3
x
x
| |
< >
|
|
\ .
PT v nghim
- Vy PT cho v nghim.
3, ( )
2 2
3 13 4 3 3 6 * x x x + = + +
- Nu
3
4 3 0
4
x x s s PT v nghim
Page 33 of 130
- Nu
3
4
x > , ta c: ( ) ( )
2 2
* 3 13 3 6 4 3 0 f x x x x = + + + =
V ( )
2 2
1 1 3
3 4 0,
4
3 13 3 6
f x x x
x x
| |
' = < >
|
+ +
\ .
nn hm f(x) ng bin trn
khong
3
;
4
| |
|
\ .
, m ( ) 1 0 f = do 1 x = l nghim duy nht.
- p s: 1 x =
4,
4 4
1 17 2 x x + =
- iu kin: 1 17 x s s
- Xt hm ( )
4 4
1 17 f x x x = + c: ( )
( ) ( )
3 3
4 4
1 1 1
0 9
4
1 17
f x x
x x
| |
|
' = = =
|
\ .
Lp bng bin thin, nhn xt ( ) ( ) 1 17 2 f f = = suy ra PT c 2 nghim l { } 1;17 x =
- p s: { } 1;17 x =
5,
( ) ( )
2
lg 6 lg 2 4 x x x x + = + +
- iu kin: 3 x >
- PT cho ( ) lg 3 4 0 x x + = 4 x = l nghim duy nht
6, ( ) ( )( )
9 2 2 3 2 5 0 3 1 3 2 5 0 3 2 5 0 1
x x x x x
x x x x x + + = + + = + = =
7,
( ) 2 3
log 1 log x x + =
- iu kin: 0 x >
- t
( )
3
2
log
3
log 1 0
1 2
t
t
t x
x
t x
x
=
=
= + >
+ =
nn:
( )
1 3
3 2 1 1 2 9
2 2
t
t
t
t
t x
| |
| |
= + = = =
|
|
|
\ .
\ .
Page 34 of 130
- p s: 9 x =
8, 4 7 9 2
x x
x + = + . S dng hm s, tnh o hm cp 2 ri lp bbt. S: { } 0;1 x =
Bi 5. Gii cc phng trnh m sau:
1,
( ) ( )
2 2
3 3
2 3 2 3 14
x x
+ + =
( )
2
3
2 3
x
t = + . S: 3 x =
2,
2
4.3 9.2 5.6
x
x x
= . Chia 2 v cho
3
2
2
x
x
t
| |
=
|
\ .
S: 4 x =
3, ( )
3
2
4 4
2 2
2
3
4
4
8 4.3 2 3 4 log 3
2 log 2 2
x x
x x
x x
x
x
x
x x
+ +
=
= = =
= +
4,
2 2 2
1 2 2
9 10.3 1 0 3
x x x x x x
t
+ + +
+ = = S: { } 2; 1;0;1 x =
5,
( ) ( )( )
2
0
3 2 9 .3 9.2 0 3 2 3 9 0
2
x x x x x x x
x
x
=
+ + = =
=
6,
( ) ( )
3
5 21 7 5 21 2
x x
x+
+ + = S: 0 x =
7,
1 1 1
2.81 7.36 5.16 0
x x x
+ = S:
5
2
9
log
4
x =
8,
( ) ( )
2 2
2
1 1 2 1 1
2
2
1
3
2 .3 2 .3 1 log 2 .3 0
1 log 3 2
x x x x x x x
x
x
=
(
= = =
(
=
9,
( )
( ) ( ) { }
9 9
3 log 1 log 2
9 9 9
1
3 log 2 log 3 log 1 3;729
2
x x
x x x x x
= = = (
10,
( )( ) { }
3 1 3 3
.3 27 .3 9 3 9 3 0 0;2; 3
x x x
x x x x x x x
+
+ = + = =
Bi 6. Gii cc phng trnh logarit sau:
Page 35 of 130
1,
2
3 3
3
log log 1
x
x
x
+ =
- iu kin:
0
1
3
x
x
>
- t
3
log t x = , ta bin i PT v dng: { }
2
1
1 1; 2;0
1
t
t t
t
+ = =
+
- p s:
1
;1;3
9
x
=
`
)
2,
5 5
log 5 log 25 3
x
x + =
- iu kin:
0
5
x
x
>
- t
5
log t x = , ta bin i PT v dng: ( ) { }
1
2 3 0;2
1
t t
t
+ + = =
- p s: { } 1;25 x =
3,
( ) ( )
{ }
3 2
3
2
2
2 2
2 4 3
2
2
3 2
0 2 1
0 4 3 1
3 1
log 3 log 3 2;3
3 0
0 4 3 1
2 4 3
x x x
x x
x
x
x x x
x
x
x x x
+
< + =
< =
= =
>
< =
+ =
4, ( ) { }
3 9 3
3
4 1
2 log log 3 1 log 1;4 ;81
1 log 3
x
x t x t x
x
= = = =
`
)
Page 36 of 130
5,
( ) 2
2
3 2
8 10
2 5 2
3 2
0 2 5 2 1
log log 2 0 0 8 10 1 3
2 8 10
x
x x
x x
x x x x
x x x
+
+ +
< + + =
+ = < + = =
+ = +
6,
2 3
16 4
2
log 14log 40log 0
x x x
x x x + =
- iu kin:
0
1 1
; ; 2
16 4
x
x
>
=
`
- Nhn xt 1 x = l nghim ca pt cho, xt 1 x = ta t log 2
x
t =
2 42 20 1 1
0 ; 2 4; .
1 4 1 2 1 2 2
t t x x
t t t
+ = = = = =
+ +
- p s:
1
;2;4
2
x
=
`
)
7, ( )
2
2
log 2 2log 4 log 8 *
x x
x
+ =
- iu kin:
0
1
;1
2
x
x
>
=
`
- t:
2
log t x = , bin i c pt:
1 4 6
2 1 1
1 1
t t t
t t t
+ = = + =
+ +
- p s: 2 x =
8, ( ) ( )( )
2
2 2 2 2
log 4 log 3 0 log 1 log 3 0 2 x x x x x x x x + + = + = =
9, ( ) ( ) ( )
3
1 8
2
2
log 1 log 3 log 1 0 * x x x + =
- iu kin: 1 3 x < <
Page 37 of 130
- Ta c: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
* log 1 log 3 log 1 0 x x x + + =
( )( ) ( )
2
1 17
1 3 1 4 0
2
x x x x x x
+ = = =
- p s:
1 17
2
x
+
=
10,
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
log 2 3log 2 5 x x x x + + =
- t
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
log 2
1 1
3 5 2
log 2
u x x
u v u
u v v
v x x
=
+ = =
+ = =
= +
- p s:
7
4
x =
11,
1
3 3 3 3 3
28
log (3 1)log (3 3) 6 log (3 1) log ;log 10
27
x x x
t x
+
= = =
`
)
Bi 7. Gii cc bt phng trnh m:
1,
2
2 2
2
2 2
1
9 2 3 3 0
3
x x
x x x x
t
| |
s = >
|
\ .
/S: 1 2 1 2 x s s +
2,
2
2 1 2 1
3 3
3 2 5.6 0 3. 5. 2 0
2 2
x x
x x x + +
| | | |
s s
| |
\ . \ .
/S:
3
2
log 2 x s
3,
2
2 4 2 1 0
2 1
x
x x
x
t + > = >
/S:
( ) ( )
( )
2
0;log 4 2 2 1; xe
4,
3 1 2
2 7.2 7.2 2 0 2 0
x x x x
t
+
+ = = > /S: { } 1;0;1 x =
Page 38 of 130
5,
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 4 2 2 1
2 4 2 2 1
2 4 2 2 1
1
( )
2 16.2 2 0
2 16.2 2
0
1 1
( )
2 16.2 2 0
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x
I
x x
II
>
s
s
+ <
>
Gii tng h bt phng trnh (I), (II) ta c p s: ( )
( )
; 1 1 3;1 3 xe
6, iu kin: 1 x >
Ta c:
( ) ( )
2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0
x x x x x x x +
+ s + s
( )( )
2
1 1
2 2 2 1 0 1 2
x x
x
s s s
p s: 1 2 x s s
Bi 8. Gii cc bt phng trnh logarit:
1, ( )
( ) ( )
1 2 2
1 1 0 1 1
log 2 2
2 1 0 2 1
x
x x
x
x x x x
+
+ > < + <
> v
> + < < +
2 3 0 x + < <
2,
2
4 2
(log 8 log )log 2 0
x
x x + >
- iu kin: 0 1 x < =
- Ta c: ( )( )
2
4 2
(log 8 log ) log 2 0 3log 2 log 2 1 log 2 0
x x x x
x x + > + + >
1
log 2 0
1
log 2 1 1
2
x
x
x
x
>
>
s s <
- p s: { }
1
; \ 1
2
x
|
e +
|
.
Page 39 of 130
3,
2
2 2
2
2 1 0 2 1
2 3
log 0
2 3 2 3
3 8
0 1 1
3 8 3 8
x
x x
x
x x
x
x x
- iu kin:
1
2 1 0
2
x x > >
- Khi BPT ( ) ( )
2
3
3
log 1 log 2 1 2 0 x x + >
( )
3 3
log 1 log 2 1 1 x x + >
( ) 1 2 1 3 ,(*) x x >
Page 40 of 130
+ Xt vi 1 x > , th ( )
2
* 2 3 2 0 2 x x x > >
+ Xt vi
1
1
2
x < < , th ( )
2
* 2 3 4 0 x x + s : V nghim
- p s: 2 x >
Bi 9. Gii cc h phng trnh m, logarit:
1,
( )( )
2 2
ln(1 ) ln(1 )
ln(1 ) ln(1 )
2 10 0 12 20 0
x x y y
x y x y
x y x y x xy y
+ = + + + =
= + =
0
2 10
x y
x y
x y x y
=
= =
= v =
2, ( ) ( ) ( ) { }
2 2
2 2
1 1
3 3
10
10
0, 0 ; 3;1 ; 1;3
log log 1 0
3
x y
x y
x y x y
x y
xy
+ =
+ =
> > =
+ + =
=
3,
( )
( )
2 5
2 2
3
3 .2 972 log 3 .2 log 2 .3
log 2
3
x y x y
x y
x y
= =
=
=
2 2
log 3 2 5log 3 5
2 3
y x x
y x y
+ = + =
= =
4,
2 2
2
2 4 1
2 4 2 1
x y
x y x y +
+ =
+ + =
- t 2 0; 4 0
x y
u v = > = > h tr thnh:
2 2
1
1
u v
u v uv
+ =
+ + =
- h i xng loi 1 i vi u,
v
- Gii h dn ti v nghim. Vy h v nghim
5,
2 1
2 1
2 2 3 1
2 2 3 1
y
x
x x x
y y y
+ + = +
+ + = +
- T h suy ra:
Page 41 of 130
2 1 2 1
1 2 2 3 1 2 2 3
x y
x x x y y y
+ + + = + + + ( ) ( ) 1 1 f x f y =
Trong ( )
2
1 3
t
f t t t = + + + ng bin trn R nn suy ra 1 1 x y x y = =
- Th vo phng trnh u ta c:
2 1
1 2 2 3
x
x x x
+ + = , phng trnh ny c
nghim duy nht x = 1 (sd pp hm s)
- Vy ( ) ( ) ; 1;1 x y =
6, iu kin: 0; 0 x y x y + > >
Ta c:
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2 2
13
lg 1 lg13
10
lg lg 3lg2
8
x y x y
x y x y
x y x y
+ = + =
+ = +
+ =
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
8 9
13
5 10
5
1 7
8
5 10
x y x
x y x y
x y x y x y y
+ = =
+ + =
+ = = =
7,
( )
( )
( )
( )
3
5
27 .3 5
27 .3 5
3log
5
y x
y x
x y
x y
x y
x y x y
x y
+ =
+ =
+ =
+ =
( )
( )
3
3
3
3
5 5
27.5 .3 5 3 4
27 27
5 1
5
5
x y
x y
y x
x y
x y
x y x
x y y
x y
x y
| |
=
= = = |
\ .
+ = =
+ =
+ =
8,
1
2 2 1
2 1 1
1 2 2 1
x
x x
y y
y
+
+ +
= + +
+ = +
- t
1
1 0; 2 2
x
u y v
+
= + > = > , h tr thnh:
( )
( )
2
2
1
1 2
v u u
u v v
=
= +
Th (1) vo (2) c: ( ) ( )
2
4 3 2
2 1 0 1 1 0 1 u u u u u + = + = =
Suy ra 0 v = (khng tha mn)
Page 42 of 130
- Vy h v nghim
Bi 10. Tm tham s m phng trnh:
1,
2 4
1 x x m + = c nghim
- iu kin 0 x >
- t
2
0 t x = > , pt cho thnh: ( )
4 4
1 f t t t m = + =
PT cho c nghim ( ) f t m = c nghim 0 t >
0 1 m < s
2,
4 4
13 1 0 x x m x + + = c ng mt nghim
- Ta c:
4 4 4 4
13 1 0 13 1 x x m x x x m x + + = + =
( ) ( )
4 3 2 4
1 1
4 6 9 1 , 1 13 1
x x
x x x m x x m x
s s
= + =
- PT cho c ng 1 nghim ( ) 1 c ng 1 nghim tho mn 1 x s
th hm s
3 2
4 6 9 y x x x = vi ( | ;1 xe giao vi ng thng 1 y m =
ti ng 1 im.
- Xt hm
3 2
4 6 9 y x x x = vi ( | ;1 xe , lp bng bin thin t ta dn ti p
s ca bi ton l: 1 11 10 m m < >
3,
( ) ( )
2
2 1
2
log 4 log 2 2 1 0 x mx x m + + + = c nghim
- Ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 1 2 2
2
log 4 log 2 2 1 0 log 4 log 2 2 1 x mx x m x mx x m + + + = + = +
( ) ( )
2
2
1
2 2 1 0
2
4 2 2 1
2 2 1 2 1 0
x m x m
x mx x m
f x x m x m
> + >
+ = +
= + + =
- PT cho c nghim ( ) f x c nghim
1
2
x m >
Page 43 of 130
0
1
1 2 0
2
9
0
4
1
1 2
2
m m m
m
m m
' A =
> s
' > A >
' + A >
Bi 11. Tm tham s m bt phng trnh:
1,
( )
2
1
2
log 3 1
m
m
x
+
+
+ > ng vi mi x R e
- Ta c:
2, .2 2 3 1
x x
m m s + c nghim
- t
2
2 3 0 2 3
x x
t t = > = + , h tr thnh:
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
1
3 1 *
2
t
m t t m m f t
t
+
+ s + s =
+
- BPT cho c nghim ( ) * c nghim 0 t > ( )
0
1
ax
2 3 2
t
m m f t m
>
s s
3,
( )
2
2 2 1 (2 ) 0 m x x x x + + + s c nghim 0;1 3 x
(
e +
- t
2
2 2 t x x = + , vi | | 0;1 3 1; 2 x t
(
e + e
. H tr thnh:
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
2
1 2 0 , *
1
t
m t t m f t
t
+ + s s =
+
- BPT cho c nghim 0;1 3 x
(
e +
( ) * c nghim | | 1; 2 t e
| |
( )
1;2
2
ax
3
m m f t m s s
Bi 12. Tm tham s m h phng trnh:
1,
2 0
1
x y m
x xy
=
+ =
= + =
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
1 1
2 1 0
2 1
y x m y x m
x x
f x x m x
x x m x
= =
s s
= =
=
- H cho c nghim duy nht f(x) c duy nht mt nghim nh hn hoc bng 1,
(*)
V ( )
2
2 4 0, m m A = + > nn f(x) lun c 2 nghim phn bit; do (*) xy ra khi
v ch khi ( ) f 1 2 0 2 a m m = s >
- p s 2 m>
2,
2 1 2 1
2
7 7 2010 2010
( 2) 2 3 0
x x x
x
x m x m
+ + + +
+ s
+ + + >
c nghim
- iu kin: 1 x >
- Ta c:
2 1 2 1
7 7 2010 2010
x x x
x
+ + + +
+ s
( ) ( )
2 1 2 1
7 1005 2 1 7 1005 2 1
x x x
x x x
+ + + +
+ + + s + + +
( ) ( )
2 1 2 1 f x x f x + + s + + (*)
Trong ( ) 7 1005
t
f t t = + , d thy ( ) f t l hm ng bin trn R
Do ( ) * 2 1 2 1 1 x x x x + + s + + s
- H cho c nghim
2
( 2) 2 3 0 x m x m + + + > c nghim | | 1;1 xe
2
2 3
: ( )
2
x x
m g x
x
+
> =
c nghim | | 1;1 xe
| | 1;1
min ( ) 2
x
m g x m
e
> >
Page 45 of 130
3,
( ) ( )
2 2
2
1 1 2
1
m y
x n
m nxy x y
+ + + =
+ + =
c nghim vi mi n R e
- k cn: Gi s h c nghim vi mi n R e th h c nghim vi 0 n =
Vi 0 n = h tr thnh:
( )
{ }
2
2
2
0 0 1 1
0;1
1 1
1
m
m x x
m
m x y
m x y
= = + =
v =
= =
+ =
- K :
+ TH1: Xt 0 m = , h tr thnh:
( )
2
2
1 1
1
y
n
nxy x y
+ =
+ =
v nghim
+ TH2: Xt 1 m = , h tr thnh:
( )
2 2
2
1 1 1
;
0
0
y
x x n
n
y
nxy x y
= + + =
=
+ =
Vy 1 m = h lun c nghim vi mi n R e
Bi 13. Chng minh rng h
2
2
2007
1
2007
1
x
y
y
e
y
x
e
x
c ng 2 nghim tha mn
iu kin x > 0, y > 0
Gii: T h suy ra : ( ) ( )
2 2
1 1
x y
x y
e e f x f y
x y
= =
Vi ( ) ( )
( )
2 3
2
1
0 1
1
1
t t
t
f t e f t e t
t
t
' = = + > >
suy ra hm ( ) f t l hm
ng bin trn ( ) 1; do ( ) ( ) f x f y x y = =
Nn: ( )
2 2
2007 2007 0
1 1
x x
x x
e g x e
x x
= = + =
Ta c: ( )
( )
( )
( )
3 5
2 2
1 3
; 0, 1
1 1
x x
x
g x e g x e x
x x
' '' = = + > >
Page 46 of 130
( ) g x ' ng bin trn ( ) 1; , m ( ) ( )
1
lim ; lim
x x
g x g x
+
+
' ' = = + nn ( ) 0 g x ' = c
duy nht mt nghim
0
x ; m ( ) ( )
1
lim ; lim
x x
g x g x
+
+
= = +
( ) 0 g x = c ng 2 nghim (pcm)
Bi 14. Xc nh m bpt: ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
9 2 .6 1 .4 0
x x x x x x
m a m
+ + > nghim ng
vi mi x tha mn 1 x >
Gii: Ta c: ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
9 2 1 .6 1 .4 0
x x x x x x
m m
+ + >
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
9 3
2 1 1 0
4 2
x x x x
m m
| | | |
+ + >
| |
\ . \ .
t
2
2
3 3
2 2
x x
t t
| |
= >
|
\ .
v 1 x > , bpt tr thnh: ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 1 1 0 * t m t m + + > .
Vy bpt cho ng vi mi x tha mn ( ) 1 * x > ng vi
3
2
t >
( )
2
2 1 3
,
2 1 2
t t
f t m t
t
+ +
= > >
( )
3
2
min 3
t
f t m m
>
> s
Bi 15. Xc nh m pt sau c 3 nghim phn bit:
( ) ( )
2 2
3 3 3 3
log .log 2 3 log 2log 2 3 2 0 x x x m x x x m + + + = .
Gii: iu kin: 0 x >
Ta c:
( ) ( )
2 2
3 3 3 3
log .log 2 3 log 2log 2 3 2 0 x x x m x x x m + + + =
( ) ( ) ( )
2
3 3
2
8
log 2 log 2 3 0
( ) 2 3 3 0 (*)
m
x
x x x m
f x x x
=
+ =
= + =
PT cho c 3 nghim phn bit ( ) * c 2 nghim phn bit dng khc 8
Page 47 of 130
( )
3
3 2 0
3 3 0 log 2 1
8 51 3 0
m
m
m
c
m
a
f
' A = >
= =
p s:
3
log 2 1 m < <
nh chnh: Trong bi c c mt s khng chnh xc, trong phn hng dn
gii ny chnh sa li ph hp hn. Rt mong cc em thng cm.
Page 48 of 130
luyn tp s 3: Chuyn nguyn hm tch phn
(Cc em hy c gng t lm, li gii thy s gi sau 1 tun, sau chng ta cng
trao i tng bi Box dnh ring cho lp luyn thi Ton VIP)
Tnh cc tch phn sau:
2
1
0
2
xdx
I
x
=
+
}
3
2
1
1
7
x x dx
I
x
}
6
3
2
1
2 1 4 1
I dx
x x
=
+ + +
}
( )
4
4
3
2
1
dx
I
x x
=
+
}
10
5
5
2 1
dx
I
x x
=
}
1
8 3
6
0
1 I x x =
}
1
7
0
3 2
2 1 1
x
I dx
x
+
=
+ +
}
1 2
8 2
0
4
2 5 2
x x
I dx
x x
+
=
+ +
}
( )
2 2
9
1
1
2 2
x
I dx
x x
=
+ +
}
2 2
5 2
10
0
1 I x x dx = +
}
11 2
0
sin
3 cos
x x
I dx
x
t
=
+
}
( )
2
1
12 2
0
1
1
x
I dx
x
+
=
+
}
( )
3 2
13 3
2
1
1
x x
I dx
x
+
=
}
2
14
0
sin
sin cos
x
I dx
x x
t
=
+
}
3 3
15 4
6
sin
cos
x
I dx
x
t
t
=
}
3
16 3
4
1
cos .sin
I dx
x x
t
t
=
}
( )
2
3 3
17
0
sin cos I x x dx
t
= +
}
( )
2
18 2
0
sin 2
2 sin
x
I dx
x
t
=
+
}
( )
2
19 2
0
sin 2
2 sin
x
I dx
x
t
=
+
}
( )
4
20 2
0
cos 2
sin cos 2
x
I dx
x x
t
=
+ +
}
( )
2
3 2
21
0
1 sin sin I x xdx
t
=
}
3 2
22
0
4sin
1 cos
x
I dx
x
t
=
+
}
3 2
23 2
0
sin cos
1 cos
x x
I dx
x
t
=
+
}
ln3
24
0
2
x
dx
I
e
=
+
}
1 2
25
0
1
x
x
e
I dx
e
=
}
2
26
0
.sin .cos I x x xdx
t
=
}
( )
27 2
1
ln
1
e
e
x x
I dx
x
+
=
+
}
10
2
28
1
lg I x xdx =
}
( ) ( )
2
29
0
2 5 ln 1 I x x dx = + +
}
( )
1 2 2
30 2
0
1
x
x e
I dx
x
=
+
}
( )
1
2
31
0
ln 1 I x x dx = +
}
( )
2
32
sin2
x
I x e x dx
= +
}
2
33 2
2
cos
4 sin
x x
I dx
x
t
t
+
=
}
4
sin
34
0
(tg cos )
x
I x e x dx
t
= +
}
2
35
1
3
ln
ln 1
e
x
I dx
x x
=
+
}
36
1
3 2ln
1 2ln
e
x
I dx
x x
=
+
}
4
37
0
2 1
1 2 1
x
I dx
x
+
=
+ +
}
2
38
0
sin 2
3 4sin cos 2
x
I dx
x x
t
=
+
}
1 3
2
39
2
0
4
x
x
I xe dx
x
| |
=
|
\ .
}
2
40
2 2
0
sin sin 2
3sin 4
x x
I dx
x cos x
t
+
=
+
}
( )
0
3
41
1
1
x
I x e x dx
= + +
}
( )
ln3
43
3
0
1
x
x
e
I dx
e
=
+
}
( )
2
1
3 2
44
0
1
x
I x e x dx = + +
}
4
45
0
1 cos 2
x
I dx
x
t
=
+
}
Page 49 of 130
luyn tp s 3: Chuyn nguyn hm tch phn
1, ( )
( )
2
2 2
3
2
1
0 0 0
2 2 8
2 2 4 2 2 1
3 3 2 2
xdx
I x dx x x
x x
| | | |
= = + = + + =
| |
+ + \ . \ .
} }
2,
3 3 3 3 3
2
1 1 1 1 1
( 7) ( 1) ( 1) 1 6 1
1 ( 1) 6
7 7 7 7
x x dx x dx x x dx x dx
I x d x
x x x x
= = + =
} } } } }
( )
3
3
2
2 2
1
2 4 2
1 6 6
3 3
x I I ' ' = = vi
3
2
1
( 1)
7
x dx
I
x
' =
}
tnh
3
2
1
( 1)
7
x dx
I
x
' =
}
ta t
2
1 1 x t x t = = +
( )
2
2 2 2
2 2 2
0 0
0
2 6 6
2 1 2 3ln 2 2 3ln(2 3)
6 6 6
t dt t
I dt t
t t t
| |
| |
' = = + = + = + |
|
|
+ \ .
\ .
} }
Do :
2
32 2
48ln(2 3)
3
I =
3,
6
3
2
1
2 1 4 1
I dx
x x
=
+ + +
}
i bin
2
4 1 4 1 2 t x t x tdt dx = + = + =
5 5 5
3 2 2
3 3 3
( 1) ( 1)
2 1 ( 1) ( 1)
tdt d t d t
I
t t t t
+ +
= =
+ + + +
} } }
( )
5
3
1 3 1
ln 1 ln
1 2 12
t
t
| | | |
= + + =
| |
+
\ . \ .
4,
( )
( )
( )
( )
4 3 3
4 4 4
3
4 3 3
2 2 2 2
1 1 1
1 1 1 65
ln ln 1 ln 2 ln
3 1 3 3 9 1
x dx d x
dx
I x x
x x x x
+ +
(
= = = + =
(
+ +
} } }
5,
10
5
5
2 1
2ln 2 1
dx
I
x x
= =
+
}
(i bin 1 t x = )
6,
1
8 3
6
0
1 I x x =
}
i bin
3 2 3 2
1 1 2 3 t x t x tdt x dx = = =
Page 50 of 130
( ) ( )
0 1
2
2 2 6 4 2
6
1 0
2 2
1 2
3 3
I t t dt t t t dt = = +
} }
1
6 5 3
0
2 2 16
3 7 5 3 315
t t t | |
= + =
|
\ .
7,
1
7
0
3 2
2 1 1
x
I dx
x
+
= =
+ +
}
(i bin 2 1 1 t x = + + )
8,
( ) ( )
1 1 2
8 2
0 0
4 14 1 14 9
2 2 ln 2 ln3
2 5 2 3 2 3 2 1 3 2
x x
I dx dx
x x x x
| |
+
= = + = +
|
|
+ + + +
\ .
} }
9,
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
2 2 2
9 3
1 1 2
2 4 2 3
1
2 2
2
x x
x
I dx dx
x x
x
+ + +
= =
+ +
+
} }
( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 1 3
2 2 2
1
2 2 3 2 x x x dx
(
= + + + +
(
}
( ) ( ) ( )
2
3 1 1
2 2 2
1
2 5
2 2 2 6 2 2 3
3 3
x x x
(
= + + + =
(
10,
( )
2
3
2 2 3 7 5 3
1
2
5 2 2 2
10
0 1
1
2
1 1 ...
7 5 3
t x
t t t
I x x dx t t dt
= +
| |
= + = = + =
|
\ .
} }
11,
11 2
0
sin
3 cos
x x
I dx
x
t
=
+
}
i bin t x dt dx t = =
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
11 11 2 2 2
0 0 0
sin sin cos
3 cos 3 cos 3 cos
t t t t d t
I dt dx I
t t t
t t t
t t t
t
t
= = =
+ + +
} } }
( ) ( )
2
1 2 6
3tan
11 2 2 2
0 1
6
3 1 tan
cos
2 3 cos 2 3 2 3 3tan 6 3
u v v du
d t
du
I
t u v
t
t
t
t t t t
=
+
= = = =
+ + +
} } }
12,
( )
( )
2
1 1
1
2
12 2 2
0
0 0
1
2
1 ln 1 ln 2 1
1 1
x
x
I dx dx x x
x x
+
| |
= = + = + + = +
|
+ +
\ .
} }
Page 51 of 130
13,
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
3
2
3 3 2
13 3 3 2
2 2
2
1 1 1 1 1 1 5
ln 1 ln 2
1 4
1 1 2 1
x x x x
I dx dx x
x
x x x
(
+ + +
= = = = + (
(
} }
14,
2
14
0
sin
sin cos
x
I dx
x x
t
=
+
}
( )
2
0
sin cos '
1
1
2 sin cos 4
x x
dx
x x
t
t
+ | |
= =
|
+
\ .
}
15,
3 2 3 3 3
15 4 4 3
6 6 6
sin 1 cos 1 1 14 26 3
cos
cos cos 3cos cos 3 27
x x
I dx d x
x x x x
t t t
t t t
| |
= = = + =
|
\ .
} }
16,
( )
( )
3 3 3
16 3 2 3 2 3
4 4 4
sin
1 cos
cos .sin cos .sin 1 sin sin
d x
x
I dx dx
x x x x x x
t t t
t t t
= = =
} } }
( )
3 3
2 2
3 2 2 3
2 2
2 2
1 1
1 1
dt t
dt
t t t t t
| |
= = + +
|
\ .
} }
3
2
2
2
2
2
1 1 1 1
ln ln 1 ln3
2 2 2 3
t t
t
| |
= = +
|
\ .
17,
( )
2 2 2
3 3 3 3
17
0 0 0
sin cos sin cos I x x dx xdx xdx
t t t
= + = +
} } }
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
0 0
2 2 3 3
0 0
sin cos cos sin
cos sin 4
cos sin
3 3 3
xd x xd x
x x
x x
t t
t t
= +
| | | |
= + =
| |
\ . \ .
} }
18,
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
18 2 2
0 0
sin 2 sin
2 sin
2 sin 2 sin
x x
I dx d x
x x
t t
= =
+ +
} }
( )
( )
( )
( )
1 1
2 2
0 0
2
0
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
2 ln 2 2ln 2 1
2
t
t
dt dt
t t
t
t
+
= =
+ +
| |
= + + =
|
+
\ .
} }
Page 52 of 130
20,
( )
( )( )
( )
4 4
20 2 2
0 0
sin cos cos sin
cos 2
sin cos 2 sin cos 2
x x x x
x
I dx dx
x x x x
t t
+
= =
+ + + +
} }
t sin cos 2 cos sin t x x dt x x = + + = , khi 0 3; 2 2
4
x t x t
t
= = = = +
Do :
2 2
2 2 2 2
20 2 2
3 3 3
2 1 2 2 2 2 5
ln ln 2
3 3
t
I dt dt t
t t t t
+
+ +
+ | | | |
= = = + = +
| |
\ . \ .
} }
21,
( )
2 2 2
3 2 2 5
21
0 0 0
1 sin sin sin sin I x xdx xdx xdx
t t t
= =
} } }
( )
( )
2 2
2
2
0 0
2 2
2 4
0 0
2 3 5
0
1 cos 2
1 cos cos
2
sin 2
1 2cos cos cos
2 4
2cos cos 8
cos
4 3 5 4 15
x
dx x d x
x x
x x d x
x x
x
t t
t t
t
t t
= +
| |
= + +
|
\ .
| |
= + + =
|
\ .
} }
}
22, ( )
3 2 2 2
22
0 0
4sin 4sin
cos
1 cos 1 cos
x x
I dx d x
x x
t t
= =
+ +
} }
( ) ( )
2 2 2
0
0
cos
4 1 cos cos 4 cos 2
2
x
x d x x
t t
| |
= = =
|
\ .
}
23,
( )
3 2 2 2
2
23 2 2
0 0
sin cos 1 cos
1 cos
1 cos 2 1 cos
x x x
I dx d x
x x
t t
= = +
+ +
} }
( )
2
2
1
1
1 1 1 1 ln 2
ln
2 2 2
t
dt t t
t
= = =
}
24,
( )
( )
( )
ln3 ln3 ln3
24
0 0 0
1 1 1
2 2 2 2
x
x
x x x x x
d e
dx
I d e
e e e e e
| |
= = =
|
+ + + \ .
} } }
ln3
0
1 1 3 1 1 6
ln ln ln ln
2 2 2 5 2 2 5
x
x
e
e
| |
= = =
|
+
\ .
Page 53 of 130
25,
( ) ( )
1 1 1 2
25
0 0 0
1
1 1
1 1 1
x x
x x x
x x x
e e
I dx d e e d e
e e e
| |
= = = +
|
\ .
} } }
( ) ( ) ( )
1
3 1
2 2
0
2 2
1 2 1 1 2
3 3
x x
e e e e
| |
= + = +
|
\ .
26,
( )
2 3 3 3
26
0
0 0 0
1 1
.sin .cos cos cos cos
3 3
I x x xdx xd x x x xdx
t t t
t | |
= = =
|
\ .
} } }
( ) ( )
3
2
0
0
1 1 sin
1 sin sin sin
3 3 3 3 3 3
x
x d x x
t
t
t t t | |
= + = + =
|
\ .
}
27,
( )
( )
27 2
1 1
ln 1
ln
1
1
e e
e e
x x
I dx x x d
x
x
+ | |
= = +
|
+
\ . +
} }
( ) ( )
1 1
1 1
ln ln
1 1
e
e
e e
x x d x x
x x
| |
= + + +
|
+ +
\ .
}
1 1
1 1 1 2 1 2
1 1
1 1 1 1
e e
e e
e e
dx dx
e x x e x e
| |
= + + + = + =
|
+ + + +
\ .
} }
28,
( ) ( )
10 10 10
10
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
28
1
1 1 1
1 1
lg lg lg lg
2 2
I x xdx xd x x x x d x
| |
= = =
|
\ .
} } }
( )
( )
10 10
2
1 1
10
10
2 2
1
1
10
2 2
1
1 2 1
100 lg 50 lg
2 ln10 2ln10
1
50 lg lg
2ln10
50 1 50 99
50 50
ln10 2ln 10 ln10 4ln 10
x xdx xd x
x x x d x
xdx
| |
= =
|
\ .
| |
=
|
\ .
= + =
} }
}
}
29,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2
29
0 0
2 5 ln 1 ln 1 5 I x x dx x d x x = + + = + +
} }
Page 54 of 130
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2
2
0
0
2
0
2
2
0
5
5 ln 1
1
4
14ln3 4
1
14ln3 4 4ln 1 18ln3 10
2
x x
x x x dx
x
x dx
x
x
x x
+
= + +
+
| |
= +
|
+
\ .
| |
= + + =
|
\ .
}
}
30,
( )
1 1 2 2
2 2
30 2
0 0
1
1
1
x
x
x e
I dx x e d
x
x
| |
= =
|
+
\ . +
} }
( )
( )
1
1 1 2 2 2
2 2 2
0 0 0
1 1 2 2
1
2 2 2
0
0 0
1
2 2 2 2
0
1
2
1 1 2
2 2
1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
x
x x
x x x
x
x e e
d x e xe dx
x x
e e
xd e xe e dx
e e e e
= + = +
+ +
= + = +
| |
= = =
|
\ .
} }
} }
31, ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
2 3
31
0 0
1
ln 1 ln 1
3
I x x dx x d x = + = +
} }
( )
( )
1 1 3
1
3 2
0
0 0
1
3 2
0
1 1 ln 2 1 1
ln 1 1
3 3 1 3 3 1
ln 2 1 2ln 2 5
ln 1
3 3 3 2 3 18
x
x x dx x x dx
x x
x x
x x
| |
= + = +
|
+ +
\ .
| |
= + + =
|
\ .
} }
32,
( )
2 2 2
32
sin2 sin2
x x
I x e x dx x e dx x xdx
= + = +
} } }
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
1
cos 2
2
1
2 cos 2 cos 2
2
1 1
cos 2 2 sin 2
2 2
1 1 1
cos 2 2 sin 2 sin 2
2 2 2
1 1 1
2 1 cos 2 sin 2 cos 2
2 2 4
x
x x
x x
x x x
x
x d e x d x
x e xe dx x x x xdx
x e x x xd e xd x
x e x x xe e dx x x xdx
x x e x x x x x
=
= + +
= +
= + +
= + + +
} }
} }
} }
} }
Page 55 of 130
33,
2 2 2
33 2 2 2
2 2 2
cos cos
4 sin 4 sin 4 sin
x x x x
I dx dx dx
x x x
t t t
t t t
+
= = +
} } }
Ta c:
( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
0
4 sin 4 sin 4 sin
t x
x t t
A dx dt dt A A
x t t
t t t
t t t
=
= = = = =
} } }
( )
2 2 2
2
2 2 2
cos 1 1 1 1 2 sin ln3
sin ln
4 sin 4 2 sin 2 sin 4 2 sin 2
x x
B dx d x
x x x x
t t t
t t t
+ | |
= = + = =
|
+
\ .
} }
Vy
33
ln3
2
I A B = + =
34,
4 4 4
sin sin
34
0 0 0
sin
(tan cos ) cos
cos
x x
x
I x e x dx dx e xdx
x
t t t
= + = +
} } }
( )
4
2
sin sin 4
4 2
0
0
0
2 ln 2
lncos ln 1
2 2
x x
x d e e e
t
t
t
= + = + = +
}
35,
2
35
1
3
ln
ln 1
e
x
I dx
x x
=
+
}
t
2
1
ln 1 ln 1 2 t x t x tdt dx
x
= + = + =
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
2 3
35
1
1 1
2 2
1
2 2
2 2 1 1 1
3 3
t
I tdt t d t t
t
= = = =
} }
36,
36
1
3 2ln
1 2ln
e
x
I dx
x x
=
+
}
t
2
1
2ln 1 2ln 1 t x t x tdt dx
x
= + = + =
( )
2
2 2 2 3
2
36
1 1
1
4 10 2 11
4 4
3 3 3
t t
I tdt t dt t
t
| |
= = = =
|
\ .
} }
Page 56 of 130
37,
4
37
0
2 1
1 2 1
x
I dx
x
+
=
+ +
}
t ( ) ( )
2
1 2 1 1 2 1 1 t x t x dx t dt = + + = + =
( )
4
4 4 2
37
2 2
2
1 1
1 2 2 ln ln 2 2
2
t t
I t dt t dt t t
t t
| | | |
= = + = + =
| |
\ .
\ .
} }
38,
( )
2 2
38 2
0 0
sin sin
sin 2
3 4sin cos 2 2 4sin 2sin
xd x
x
I dx dx
x x x x
t t
= =
+ + +
} }
( )
( )
1
1
2
0 0
1 1 1 1 2ln 2 1
ln 1 ln 2
2 1 2 2 4
2 1
tdt
dx t
t
t
| | | |
= = + + = =
| |
+
\ . \ . +
}
39,
( ) ( )
1 1 1 3 2
2 2 2
39
2 2
0 0 0
1 1
4
2 2
4 4
x x
x x
I xe dx xd e d x
x x
| |
= = +
|
\ .
} } }
4 1
4 3 2 2
2
2
3
0 3
2 2
1 1 4 1 1 1 2
8
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3
1 1 32 61
6 3 3 3
4 2 3 4 12
x
x
e t e
xe dt t t
t
e e
| | | | | |
= = +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
+ | |
= = +
|
\ .
}
40,
2 2 2
40
2 2 2 2 2 2
0 0 0
sin sin 2 sin sin 2
3sin 4 3sin 4 3sin 4
x x x x
I dx dx dx
x cos x x cos x x cos x
t t t
+
= = +
+ + +
} } }
C:
( )
1 2 2
2 2 2 2
0 0 0
cos
sin
3sin 4 3 3
d x
x dt
A dx
x cos x cos x t
t t
= = =
+ + +
} } }
t
( )
2
3 tan 3 1 tan t u dt u du = = + th:
( ) ( )
2
6 6 6 6
2
2
0 0 0 0
3 1 tan
sin
1 1 sin 1
ln ln3
cos 1 sin 2 1 sin 2
3 3tan
u du
d u
du u
A
u u u
u
t t t t
+
+
= = = = =
+
} } }
( )
( )
2
2 2
2
2
2 2 2
0
0 0
4 sin
sin 2
2 4 sin 2 2 3
3sin 4 4 sin
d x
x
B dx x
x cos x x
t t
t
= = = =
+
} }
Page 57 of 130
Vy
( ) 40
ln3
2 2 3
2
I A B = + = +
41,
( )
0 0 0
3 3
41
1 1 1
1 1
x x
I x e x dx xe dx x x dx A B
= + + = + + = +
} } }
Ta c:
( )
0 0 0
0
1
1 1 1
2 1
x x x x
A xe dx xd e xe e dx e
= = = + =
} } }
( )
3
1
0 1 7 4
1
3 3 3
1 0
0
9
1 3 1 3
7 4 28
t x
t t
B x x dx t t dt
= +
| |
= + = = =
|
\ .
} }
Vy
41
37
2
28
I A B e = + =
43,
( )
ln3
43
3
0
1
x
x
e
I dx
e
=
+
}
t
2
1 1 2
x x x
t e t e tdt e dx = + = + =
2
2 2
43 3 2
2
2 2
2 2 2
2 1
tdt dt
I
t t t
= = = =
} }
44,
( )
2 2
1 1 1
3 2 3 3 2
44
0 0 0
1 1
x x
I x e x dx x e dx x x dx A B = + + = + + = +
} } }
Ta c:
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
1 1 1
1
3 2 2 2
0
0 0 0
1 1
2 2
x x x x
A x e dx x d e x e e d x
| |
= = =
|
\ .
} } }
2
1
0
1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
x
e e e
e
| | | |
= = =
| |
\ . \ .
( )
2
2
1 2 5 3
1
3 2 2 2
0 1
1
2 2 2
1 1
5 3 15
t x
t t
B x x dx t t
= +
| | +
= + = = =
|
\ .
} }
Vy
44
1 2 2 2 17 4 2
2 15 30
I A B
+ +
= + = + =
45, ( )
4 4 4 4
4
45 2 0
0 0 0 0
1 1
tan tan tan
1 cos 2 2cos 2 2
x x
I dx dx xd x x x xdx
x x
t t t t
t
| |
|
= = = =
| +
\ .
} } } }
Page 58 of 130
4
0
1 1 2 1
ln cos ln ln 2
8 2 8 2 2 8 4
x
t
t t t
= + = + =
Page 59 of 130
LUYN TP S 4: HNH HC KHNG GIAN
Phn A: Th tch khi a din.
Bi 1: Cho hnh chp S.ABC, trong SA vung gc vi mt phng (ABC). y l tam
gic ABC cn ti A, di trung tuyn AD l a , cnh bn SB to vi y mt gc o v
to vi mt (SAD) gc | . Tm th tch hnh chp S.ABC
Bi 2: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh ch nht vi , 2 , AB a AD a = = cnh SA
vung gc vi y, cn cnh SB to vi mt phng y gc 60 . Trn cnh SA ly im
M sao cho
3
3
a
AM = . Mt phng (BCM) ct cnh SD ti N. Tnh th tch khi chp
S.BCMN
Bi 3: Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c cnh bng a , v SH l ng cao ca hnh
chp. Khong cch t trung im I ca SH n mt bn (SDC) bng b . Tm th tch hnh
chp S.ABCD
Bi 4: Cho lng tr tam gic ABC.A
1
B
1
C
1
c y ABC l tam gic vung cn vi cnh
huyn 2 AB a = . Mt phng (AA
1
B) vung gc vi mt phng (ABC). Gi s
1
AA 3 a = , gc
1
AA B Z nhn v mt phng (AA
1
C) to vi mt phng (ABC) gc 60 .
Tm th tch lng tr.
Bi 5: Tnh th tch khi t din ABCD bit , , AB a AC b AD c = = = v cc gc , BAC Z
, CAD DAB Z Z u bng 60 .
Bi 6: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh thoi cnh , a 60 BAD Z = , ( ) SA mp ABCD
v SA a = . Gi C l trung im ca SC. Mt phng (P) qua AC v song song vi BD ct
cc cnh SB, SD ca hnh chp ln lt ti B, D. Tm th tch hnh chp S.ABCD
Bi 7: Cho hnh vung ABCD c cnh bng a . Qua trung im I ca cnh AB dng
ng thng (d) vung gc vi mp(ABCD). Trn (d) ly im S sao cho:
3
.
2
a
SI = Tm
khong cch tu C n mp(SAD).
Bi 8: Cho hnh chp S.ABC c 3 SA a = v ( ). SA mp ABC ABC A c 2 , AB BC a = =
120 . ABC Z = Tm khong cch t A n mp(SBC).
Bi 9: Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCD c cnh bng a . Gi K l trung im ca
DD. Tm khong cch gia CK v AD.
Bi 10: Cho lng tr ng ABC.ABC. Gi M l trung im ca AA. Chng minh
rng thit din CMB chia lng tr thnh hai phn tng ng.
Bi 11: Cho hnh chp tam gic S.ABC. Gi s M, N, P l ba im ln lt trn SA, BC,
AB sao cho M, N tng ng l trung im ca SA, BC cn
1
3
AP
AB
= . Thit din vi hnh
chp S.ABC to bi mt phng (MNP) ct SC ti Q.
1. Chng minh
1
.
3
SQ
SC
=
2. Chng minh thit din chia hnh chp thnh hai phn tng ng.
Bi 12: Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c cc mt bn to vi mp y gc 60 .
1. V thit din qua AC v vung gc vi mp(SAD)
Page 60 of 130
2. Thit din chia khi chp thnh hai phn c th tch tng ng l V
1
, V
2
. Tm t
s
1
2
V
V
.
Phn B: Quan h vung gc trong khng gian.
Bi 1: Hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh a v SA SB SC a = = = .
1. Chng minh mt phng (ABCD) vung gc vi mt phng (SBD).
2. Chng minh SBD A vung ti S.
Bi 2: T din SABC c ( ). SA mp ABC Gi H, K ln lt l trng tm ca cc tam gic
ABC v SBC.
1. Chng minh SC vung gc vi mp(BHK) v ( ) ( ) SAC BHK
2. Chng minh ( ) HK SBC v ( ) ( ). SBC BHK
Bi 3: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung tm v c cnh SA vung
gc vi (ABCD). Gi s (P) l amwtj phng qua A v vung gc vi SC.
1. Chng minh ( ) ( ). SBD SAC
2. Chng minh ( ) || BD mp P
Bi 4: Trong mt phng (P) cho hnh ch nht ABCD. Qua A dng ng thng Ax
vung gc vi (P). ly S l mt im ty trn Ax ( S A = ). Qua A dng mt phng (Q)
vung gc vi SC. Gi s (Q) ct SB, SC, SD ln lt ti B, C, D. Chng minh:
' , ' AB SB AD SD v . ' . ' . ' SBSB SCSC SDSD = =
Bi 5: Cho lng tr ng ABC.ABC y l tam gic cn nh A v BAC o Z = . Gi M
l trung im ca AA v gi s mp(CMB) to vi y (ABC) mt gc . |
1. Chng minh ' . C BC | Z =
2. Chng minh tan os
2
c
o
| = l iu kin cn v ' BM MC .
Bi 6: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, c SA h = v vung
gc vi mp(ABCD). Dng v tnh di on vung gc chung ca:
1. SB v CD
2. SC v BD
Bi 7: Cho chp tam gic u S.ABC c cnh y bng 3 , a cnh bn bng 2 . a Gi G l
trng tm tam gic ABC. Tnh khong cch gia hai ng thng SA v BC.
Bi 8: Cho hnh chp tam gic S.ABC c y l tam gic u cnh 7 , a cnh bn SC
vung gc vi mp(ABC) v 7 . SC a = Tm khong cch gia hai ng thng SA v BC.
Bi 9: Trong mt phng (P) cho hnh thoi ABCD c tm l O, cnh a v
3
.
3
a
OB = Trn
ng thng vung gc vi mp(ABCD) ti O, ly im S sao cho . SB a = Tnh khong
cch gia hai ng thng SA v BD.
Bi 10: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh thoi tm O, cnh a v gc 60 BAD Z = .
on
3
4
a
SO = v SO vung gc vi mp(ABCD).
1. Dng thit din chp vi mp(P) bit (P) qua AD v vung gc mp(SBC).
2. Tnh gc gia hai mt phng (P) v (ABCD)
Page 61 of 130
Bi 11: Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCD c cnh l . a Gi E, F v M ln lt l
trung im ca AD, AB v CC. Gi o l gc gia hai mt phng (ABCD) v (EFM).
Tnh os c o
Bi 12: Trong mp(P) cho hnh vung ABCD cnh a. Dng on SA vung gc vi (P) ti
A. Gi M, N ln lt l cc im trn BC, CD. t , . BM u DN v = = Chng minh rng:
( )
2
3 3 a u v uv a + + =
l iu kin cn v hai mt phng (SAM) v (SAN) to vi nhau mt gc 30 .
Page 62 of 130
LUYN TP S 4: HNH HC KHNG GIAN
(Cc em t v hnh vo cc bi tp)
Phn A: Th tch khi a din.
Bi 1: Cho hnh chp S.ABC, trong SA vung gc vi mt phng (ABC). y l tam
gic ABC cn ti A, di trung tuyn AD l a , cnh bn SB to vi y mt gc o v
to vi mt (SAD) gc | . Tm th tch hnh chp S.ABC
HDG: Th tch hnh chp S.ABC l:
1
. .
3
ABC
V SAS
A
=
Tam gic ABC cn nh A nn trung tuyn AD cng l ng cao ca tam gic. Theo gi
thit ( ) ( ) ( )
, SA mp ABC SBA SB mp ABC o Z = =
( ) BD mp SAD BSD | Z =
t BD = x suy ra:
2 2 2 2
. tan AB a x SA a x o = + = +
2 2
2 2
2
2 2
sin sin
sin tan sin
sin
os sin
BD SA
SB
x a x
a
x
c
| o
o o |
|
o |
= =
= +
=
+
Do :
3
2 2
2 2
1 sin .sin
. . tan . .
3 os sin
a
V a x a x
c
o |
o
o |
= + =
+
Bi 2: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh ch nht vi , 2 , AB a AD a = = cnh SA
vung gc vi y, cn cnh SB to vi mt phng y gc 60 . Trn cnh SA ly im
M sao cho
3
3
a
AM = . Mt phng (BCM) ct cnh SD ti N. Tnh th tch khi chp
S.BCMN
HDG: Theo gi thit
( ) ( ) ( )
, 60
. tan60 3
SA mp ABCD SBA SB mp ABCD
SA AB a
Z = =
= =
Trong mp(SAD) k MN || AD (N thuc cnh SD) ( ) SD mp BCM N =
Theo cng thc t s th tch, ta c:
.
2
.
2 2 1
3 3 3
4 4 2
.
9 9 9
SMBC
SMBC SABC S ABCD
SABC
SMNC
SMNC SADC S ABCD
SADC
V SM
V V V
V SA
V SM SN SM
V V V
V SA SD SA
= = = =
| |
= = = = =
|
\ .
Vy:
3
. .
5 5 1 10 3
. . .
9 9 3 27
S BCMN SMBC SMNC S ABCD ABCD
V V V V SAS a = + = = =
Bi 3: Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c cnh bng a , v SH l ng cao ca hnh
chp. Khong cch t trung im I ca SH n mt bn (SDC) bng b . Tm th tch hnh
chp S.ABCD
Page 63 of 130
HDG: T gi thit suy ra H l tm ca hnh vung ABCD. Gi M l trung im ca CD,
v G l trc tm SCD (1) HG CD
M
( )
BD AD
BD SAC BD SC
BD SH
`
)
v ( ) (2) SC DG SC BDG SC HG
V I l trung im ca SH nn : ( ) ( ) ;( ) 2 ;( ) 2 HG d H SCD d I SCD b = = =
2
2 2
2 2 2
2
2
3
2 2
1 1 1
4
4
4
4
2
3 16
b
a ab
GM b v h
HG HM SH
a
b
a
V
a b
= = + =
Bi 4: Cho lng tr tam gic ABC.A
1
B
1
C
1
c y ABC l tam gic vung cn vi cnh
huyn 2 AB a = . Mt phng (AA
1
B) vung gc vi mt phng (ABC). Gi s
1
AA 3 a = , gc
1
AA B Z nhn v mt phng (AA
1
C) to vi mt phng (ABC) gc 60 .
Tm th tch lng tr.
Bi 5: Tnh th tch khi t din ABCD bit , , AB a AC b AD c = = = v cc gc , BAC Z
, CAD DAB Z Z u bng 60 .
HDG: Khng mt tnh tng qut ta gi s { } min , , a a b c =
Trn AC, AD ly ln lt hai im C
1
, D
1
sao cho AC
1
= AD
1
= a, t gi thit suy ra t
din ABC
1
D
1
l t din u cnh a nn c
1 1
3
2
12
ABC D
V a =
Theo cng thc t s th tch:
1 1
2
1 1
.
ABC D
ABCD
V
AC AD a
V AC AD bc
= =
1 1 2
2
12
ABCD ABC D
bc abc
V V
a
= =
Bi 6: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh thoi cnh , a 60 BAD Z = , ( ) SA mp ABCD
v SA a = . Gi C l trung im ca SC. Mt phng (P) qua AC v song song vi BD ct
cc cnh SB, SD ca hnh chp ln lt ti B, D. Tm th tch hnh chp S.ABCD
HDG: Gi , ' O AC BD I AC SO = = , suy ra ' ' || B D BD v ' ' B D i qua I
Tam gic SAC nhn I lm trng tm nn
2 ' ' 2
3 3
SI SB SD
SO SB SD
= = =
Theo cng thc t s th tch:
. ' '
. ' ' . .
.
' ' 2 1 1 1 1
. .
3 2 3 3 6
S AB C
S AB C S ABC S ABCD
S ABC
V SB SC
V V V
V SB SC
= = = = =
. ' '
. ' ' . .
.
' ' 2 1 1 1 1
. .
3 2 3 3 6
S AD C
S AD C S ADC S ABCD
S ADC
V SD SC
V V V
V SD SC
= = = = =
Page 64 of 130
Vy:
3
3
. ' ' ' ' . ' ' ' . ' ' ' .
1 1 3 3
.
3 3 6 18
S A B C D S A B C S A D C S ABCD
a
V V V V a = + = = =
Bi 7: Cho hnh vung ABCD c cnh bng a . Qua trung im I ca cnh AB dng
ng thng (d) vung gc vi mp(ABCD). Trn (d) ly im S sao cho:
3
.
2
a
SI = Tm
khong cch t C n mp(SAD).
HDG: Ta c:
3
.
1 3
. .
3 6
S ABCD ABCD
a
V SI S = =
p dng pitago ta c:
2
2 2 2
5
4
a
DI AI AD = + = ,
2 2 2 2
SA SI AI a = + = ,
2 2 2 2
2 SD SI DI a = + =
2 2 2
SD SA DA SAD = + A vung ti A nn
2
1 1
.SA
2 2
SAD
S AD a
A
= =
Vy khong cch cn tm l: ( ) ( )
3 3 3
,
2 2
SACD SABCD
SAD SAD
V V a
d C SAD
S S
A A
= = =
Bi 8: Cho hnh chp S.ABC c 3 SA a = v ( ). SA mp ABC ABC A c 2 , AB BC a = =
120 . ABC Z = Tm khong cch t A n mp(SBC).
HDG: Ta c: ( )
2
2
1 1
. . .sin . 2 .sin120 3
2 2
ABC
S BABC B a a
A
= = =
2 3
.
1 1
. . .3 . 3 3
3 3
S ABC ABC
V SAS a a a
A
= = =
p dng nh l hm s cosin trong tam gic ABC c:
2 2 2 2
2 . .cos 12 2 3 AC AB CB BABC B a AC a = + = =
p dng pitago trong tam gic vung:
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
13 13
21 21
SB SA BA a SB a
SC SA AC a SC a
= + = =
= + = =
Ta c:
2 2 2
15 4
os sin
2 . 273 91
SB SC BC
c BSC BSC
SB SC
+
Z = = Z =
2
1
. .sin 2 3
2
SBC
S SB SC BSC a
A
= Z =
Vy khong cch cn tm l: ( ) ( )
.
3 1
,
2
S ABC
SBC
V
d A mp SBC a
S
A
= =
Bi 9: Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCD c cnh bng a . Gi K l trung im ca
DD. Tm khong cch gia CK v AD.
HDG: K AH || CK (H thuc cnh CC), khi ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
' '
3
, ' , ' , ' ', '
AHD
AHC D
V
CK AD CK mp AHD C mp AHD C mp AHD
S
A
= = = =
D thy H l trung im ca CC v tnh c
3
' ' ' '
1
. .
3 12
AHC D HC D
a
V ADS
A
= =
Page 65 of 130
Xt tam gic AHD c:
2 2
5
' ' ; 2
2
a
DH DC HC AD a = + = =
2 2
3
2
a
AH AD HD = + =
2
'
1 3 1 3
os ' sin ' . ' . ' .sin '
2 4 10 10
AD H
a
c AD H AD H S D AD H AD H
A
Z = Z = = Z =
Vy khong cch gia hai ng thng Ck v AD l:
( ) ( ) ( )
' '
3
, ' , '
3
AHD
AHC D
V a
CK AD CK mp AHD
S
A
= = =
Bi 10: Cho lng tr ng ABC.ABC. Gi M l trung im ca AA. Chng minh
rng thit din CMB chia lng tr thnh hai phn tng ng.
HDG: Gi
1
V l th tch phn a din cha im A, v V l th tch lng tr.
K hiu h l khong cch t B n mp (ACCA), ta c:
( )
1 . ' ' ' ' '
' ' ' '.
1 1
. . .
3 3
1 1 1 3 1
. . .
3 2 2 2 2
B ACC A ACC M ACC AMC
ACC ACC ACC C ABC
V V h S h S S
h S S h S V V
A A
A A A
= = = +
| |
= + = = =
|
\ .
Do th tch phn cn li cng bng
1
2
V nn ta c pcm.
Bi 11: Cho hnh chp tam gic S.ABC. Gi s M, N, P l ba im ln lt trn SA, BC,
AB sao cho M, N tng ng l trung im ca SA, BC cn
1
3
AP
AB
= . Thit din vi hnh
chp S.ABC to bi mt phng (MNP) ct SC ti Q.
1. Chng minh
1
.
3
SQ
SC
=
2. Chng minh thit din chia hnh chp thnh hai phn tng ng.
Bi 12: Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c cc mt bn to vi mp y gc 60 .
1. V thit din qua AC v vung gc vi mp(SAD)
2. Thit din chia khi chp thnh hai phn c th tch tng ng l V
1
, V
2
. Tm t
s
1
2
V
V
.
HDG: 1. V thit din qua AC v vung gc vi (SAD):
( ) DoAC SBD AC SD . K ( ) ( ) ( ) CM SD SD ACM ACM P
Vy (ACM) l thit din.
3. t
1 . D ACM
V V =
Ta c:
.
.
1
2
S ACM
S DAC
V V SM
V SD
V
'
= =
. Gi N l trung im ca CD
0
c( ) 60 HN CD SN CD g SNH =
Page 66 of 130
0
1
c( ) 60 2 . 2; 3
2
1
5 2
5
HN CD SN CD g SNH HN SN SN DN m HN a HD a SH a
V
SC SD a CM a SM a
V
= = = = = =
'
= = = = =
Phn B: Quan h vung gc trong khng gian.
Bi 1: Hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh a v SA SB SC a = = = .
1. Chng minh mt phng (ABCD) vung gc vi mt phng (SBD).
2. Chng minh SBD A vung ti S.
HDG: Gi O l tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC, v SA SB SC a = = = nn
( ) SO mp ABCD . M AC BD v ABCD l hnh thoi, nn O BD e
C: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) , SO SBD SO ABCD SBD ABCD e
Bi 2: T din SABC c ( ). SA mp ABC Gi H, K ln lt l trc tm ca cc tam gic
ABC v SBC.
1. Chng minh SC vung gc vi mp(BHK) v ( ) ( ) SAC BHK
2. Chng minh ( ) HK SBC v ( ) ( ). SBC BHK
(Bi 2: c nh chnh H, K l trc tm)
HDG: 1. V H l trc tm tam gic ABC BH AC A , theo gi thit
( ) SA mp ABC BH SA . Nn ( ) BH mp SAC SC BH
Do K l trc tm SBC BK SC A
T suy ra ( ) ( ) ( ) SC mp BHK mp BHK mp SAC (pcm)
2. Tng t nh trn ta cng chng minh c: ( ) SB mp CHK SB HK
M ( ) SC mp BHK SC HK . Do : ( ) ( ) ( ) HK mp SBC mp SBC mp BHK
Bi 3: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung tm O v c cnh SA vung
gc vi (ABCD). Gi s (P) l mt phng qua A v vung gc vi SC.
1. Chng minh ( ) ( ). SBD SAC
2. Chng minh ( ) || BD mp P
HDG: 1. V ABCD l hnh vung tm O nn AC v BD vung gc vi nhau ti O, v SA
vung gc vi (ABCD) nn ( ) ( ) ( ) SA BD BD SAC SBD SAC
2. T gi thit suy ra: ( ) ( ) P SAC , m ( ) ( ) || BD SAC BD P
Bi 4: Trong mt phng (P) cho hnh ch nht ABCD. Qua A dng ng thng Ax
vung gc vi (P). ly S l mt im ty trn Ax ( S A = ). Qua A dng mt phng (Q)
vung gc vi SC. Gi s (Q) ct SB, SC, SD ln lt ti B, C, D. Chng minh:
' , ' AB SB AD SD v . ' . ' . ' SBSB SCSC SDSD = =
HDG: T gi thit suy ra: ( ) , ' SA BC AB BC BC SAB BC AB
M ( ) ' SC Q SC AB . Do ( ) ' ' AB SBC AB SB
Ngoi ra ta cng c , ' ' ' ' BC SB SC B C SBC SC B A A nn:
Page 67 of 130
. ' . '
' '
SB SC
SB SB SC SC
SC SB
= =
Chng minh tng t ta c ' AD SD v . ' . ' SDSD SC SC =
Vy ta c pcm.
Bi 5: Cho lng tr ng ABC.ABC y l tam gic cn nh A v BAC o Z = . Gi M
l trung im ca AA v gi s mp(CMB) to vi y (ABC) mt gc . |
1. Chng minh ' . C BC | Z =
2. Chng minh tan os
2
c
o
| = l iu kin cn v ' BM MC .
HDG: 1. Trong mp(ACCA) ko di CM ct CA ti N, th A l trung im ca NC suy
ra:
1
2
BA AC AN BA CN BCN = = = A vung ti B nn BN BC .
Tng t ta c ' BN BC
D thy: ( ) ( ) ' BN mp MBC mp ABC = , t trn suy ra ( ) ( ) ( )
' , ' C BC ABC MBC | Z = =
2. V BM l trung tuyn ca ' BC N A nn: ' ' BM MC NBC A cn nh B
. os
2
' os tan
os 2
sin sin
2 2
BC c
BC BH
BC BN c
c
o
o
|
o o
|
= = = =
(Vi H l chn ng vung gc h t B xung cnh AC)
Bi 6: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, c SA h = v vung
gc vi mp(ABCD). Dng v tnh di on vung gc chung ca:
1. SB v CD
2. SC v BD
HDG: 1. V ABCD l hnh vung nn BC CD
Li c:
( ) ( )
( )
BC AB
BC SAB BC SB
BC SA doSA ABCD
Vy BC l on vung gc chung ca SB v CD, v BC a =
2. Gi O AC BD = AC v BD vung gc nhau ti O, m
SA BD ( ) BD mp SAC . Trong tam gic SAC, k OI vung gc vi SC khi BD
v OI vung gc nhau do OI l ng vung gc chung ca SC v BD
Ta c:
( )
2 2
.
2 2
SA SC SAOC ah
SAC OIC OI
OI OC SC
h a
A A = = =
+
Bi 7: Cho chp tam gic u S.ABC c cnh y bng 3 , a cnh bn bng 2 . a Gi G l
trng tm tam gic ABC. Tnh khong cch gia hai ng thng SA v BC.
HDG: Trong tam gic ABC u, ko di AG ct BC ti M AG BC
Chp S.ABC u, m G l tm ABC A ABC nn ( ) SG ABC SG BC , t suy ra
( ) BC SAG .
Trong SAM A k ( ) MN SA N SA MN BC e . Do vy MN l on vung gc chung
ca BC v SA. Ta c:
Page 68 of 130
2 . 3 3
...
4
SAM
S SGMA a
MN
SA SA
A
= = = =
Bi 8: Cho hnh chp tam gic S.ABC c y l tam gic u cnh 7 , a cnh bn SC
vung gc vi mp(ABC) v 7 . SC a = Tm khong cch gia hai ng thng SA v BC.
Bi 9: Trong mt phng (P) cho hnh thoi ABCD c tm l O, cnh a v
3
.
3
a
OB = Trn
ng thng vung gc vi mp(ABCD) ti O, ly im S sao cho . SB a = Tnh khong
cch gia hai ng thng SA v BD.
HDG: D chng minh c ( ) BD SAC (v , BD AC BD SO )
Trong mp(SAC) k ( ) OI SA I SA e OI l on vung gc chung ca SA v BD.
Ta c:
2 2
6 2 3
3 3
a a
SO OA SA SO OA = = = + =
2 . 3
...
3
SOA
S SOOA a
OI
SA SA
A
= = = =
Bi 10: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh thoi tm O, cnh a v gc 60 BAD Z = .
on
3
4
a
SO = v SO vung gc vi mp(ABCD).
1. Dng thit din chp vi mp(P) bit (P) qua AD v vung gc mp(SBC).
2. Tnh gc gia hai mt phng (P) v (ABCD)
Bi 11: Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCD c cnh l . a Gi E, F v M ln lt l
trung im ca AD, AB v CC. Gi o l gc gia hai mt phng (ABCD) v (EFM).
Tnh os c o
HDG: Ta c:
2 2 2 2 2
2 6
A ,
2 2
a a
EF AE F ME MF MC CB BF = + = = = + + =
Gi I EF AC MI EF = . M ( ) ( ) , MI EF AC MEF ABCD EF = nn:gc
gia hai mt phng (ABCD) v (EFM) l MIC o Z =
Do :
2 2
3
3 11
4
os ..
11
IF
AC
IC
c
IM
MF
o = = = =
Bi 12: Trong mp(P) cho hnh vung ABCD cnh a. Dng on SA vung gc vi (P) ti
A. Gi M, N ln lt l cc im trn BC, CD. t , . BM u DN v = = Chng minh rng:
( )
2
3 3 a u v uv a + + =
l iu kin cn v hai mt phng (SAM) v (SAN) to vi nhau mt gc 30 .
HDG: Ta c:
2 2 2 2 2 2
; AM a u AN a v = + = +
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 MN a u a v a u v a u v = + = + + +
D thy gc gia hai phng (SAM) v (SAN) l gc MAN o Z =
Do :
2 2 2
30 os os30
2 .
AM AN MN
c c
AM AN
o o
+
= = =
Page 69 of 130
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2 2
2
2
2 2
2
3
2
.
3
3 3
a u v
a u a v
a uv a u v
a u v uv a
+
=
+ +
= +
+ + =
Page 70 of 130
MT S BI TP N TP V NG
THNG TRONG KHNG GIAN.
Bi 1:
Trong khng gian ta Oxyz cho im G(1;1;1)
a) Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) qua G v vung gc vi OG
b) Mt phng (P) cu (1) ct cc trc Ox,Oy,Oz ln lt ti A,B,C.
CMR: ABC l tam gic u.
Bi 2:
Trong khng gian ta Oxyz cho mt phng (P) v ng thng
(d):
( ) : 7 0 P x y z
;
2 5 0
( ) :
2 3 0
x y z
d
x z
Vit phng trnh hnh chiu vung gc ca (d) ln (P).
Bi 3:
Trong khng gian ta Oxyz cho mt phng(P) : 4x-3y+11z-26=0
v 2 ng thng:
1 2
3 1 4 3
( ) : ( ) :
1 2 3 1 1 2
x y z x y z
d v d
a) CM:
1 2
( ) ( ) d v d
cho nhau.
b) Vit phng trnh ng thng nm trong (P) ct c
1 2
( ) ( ) d v d
Bi 4:
Trong khng gian ta Oxyz cho im M( 5;2;-3) v mt phng
( ) : 2 2 1 0 P x y z
1) Xc nh hnh chiu ca
1
M ca M ln (P).
2) Vit phng trnh mt phng (Q) qua M v cha ng thng:
Page 71 of 130
1 1 5
( ) :
2 1 6
x y z
Bi 5:
Trong khng gian ta Oxyz cho 2 im I( 0;0;1) v K( 3;0;0)
Vit phng trnh mt phng qua I, K v to vi mt phng (xOy) mt
gc bng
0
30 .
Bi 6:
Trong khng gian ta Oxyz cho 2 ng thng c phng trnh
1 2
3 1 0
1
( ) : ( ) :
2 1 0 1 2 1
x z
x y z
d v d
x y
a) CM:
1 2
( ) ( ) d v d
cho nhau.
b) Vit phng trnh ng thng d ct c
1 2
( ), ( ) d d
v song song vi
4 7 3
( ) :
1 4 2
x y z
Bi 7:
Trong khng gian ta Oxyz cho 2 ng thng c phng trnh:
1 2
2 3 5 0 2 2 3 17 0
( ) : (d ) :
2 0 2 2 3 0
x y z x y z
d v
x y z x y z
v im A( 3;2;5).
a) Tm to im
'
A i xng vi Aqua
1
( ) d
.
b) Lp phng trnh mt phng i qua
1
( ) d
v song song vi
2
( ) d
.
c) Tnh khong cch gia hai ng thng
1 2
( ) ( ) d v d
.
Bi 8:
Trong khng gian ta Oxyz cho 2 ng thng c phng
trnh:
Page 72 of 130
1 2
5 2
7 0
( ) : 1 (d ) :
2 3 16 0
5
x t
x y z
d y t v
x y z
z t
a) CM:
1
( ) d
song song vi
2
( ) d .
b) Vit phng trnh mt phng cha
1 2
( ) ( ) d v d
Bi 9:
Trong khng gian ta Oxyz cho 2 ng thng
1 2
( ), ( ) d d
v mt
phng (P) c phng trnh:
1 2
1 1 2 2 2
( ) : ( ) :
2 3 1 1 5 2
x y z x y z
d v d
( ) : 2 5 1 0 P x y z
a) CM:.
1 2
( ) ( ) d v d
cho nhau v tnh khong cch gia chng.
b) Vit phng trnh ng thng
vung gc vi (P), ct c
1 2
( ),( ) d d .
Bi 10:
Cho im A( 3;-2;5) v ng thng
2 3 0
( ) :
3 2 7 0
x y z
d
x y z
a) Vit phng trnh tham s ca (d)
b) Gi
'
A l hnh chiu ca A ln (d). Tm ta ca
'
A .
Page 73 of 130
HNG DN GII LUYN TP S 05
Bi 1:
( )
) ( ) (1;1;1;)
P
a Do OG P n n n OG = =
( ) :1( 1) 1( 1) 1( 1) 0 ( ) : 3 0 P x y z hay P x y z + + = + + =
0
) Ox : (3; 0; 0)
0
y
b V A
z
=
Tng t :
(0;3; 0) (0;3; 0) B v C
Ta c:
AB=BC=CA=3 2 ABC A
l tam gic u
Bi 2: ng thng
( ) d'
cn tm l giao tuyn ca mt phng (P) v mt
phng (Q) cha (d) v c VTCP l ( ) P n
( ) ( ) ( ). ( ) : (1; 4; 2) M(-2;0;-1) (d) (6; 1; 5)
( ) : 6( 2) 5( 1) 0 6 5 7 0
6 5 7 0
nh hnh chi u ( ) :
7 0
d Q d P Ta c u v n u n
Q x y z hay x y z
x y z
H d
x y z
(
= e = =
+ + = + =
+ =
' '
+ + =
Bi 3:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1 2
1 2
( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
( ) ( )
1 2 1 2 1 2
) : ( 1; 2;3) (1;1; 2) (0;3; 1) ; (4; 0;3)
(4; 3; 4) . . 23 0 o
d d
d d
a Ta c u u v M d M d
M M u u M M d v d ch nhau
= = e e
(
= = =
1 2
) ( ) ( 2; 7;5) ( ) (3; 1;1)
2 7 5
: ( ) :
5 8 4
b GS d P A A v d P B B
x y z
KQ AB
= =
+
= =
Bi 4:
1
( )
1 1 1
5 2
) : (2; 2;1) MM : 2 2 MM ( )
3
P MM
x t
a Ta c n u v y t m M P
z t
= +
= = = + =
Page 74 of 130
1
2(5 2 ) 2(2 2 ) ( 3 ) 1 0 2 (1; 2; 1) t t t t v M + + + + = =
( )
0 0
( ) ( )
0
) : (2;1; 6) (1;1;5) ( ) (4;1; 8)
. (1; 4;1) ( ) : 4 10 0
Q
b Ta c u v M M M
n M M u Q x y z
A
A
= e A =
(
= = + + =
Bi 5:
Gi s mt phng cn c dng :
( ) ( )
0
( )
( ) ( )
( ) : 1( , , 0)
( ) 1 ( ) 3 ( ) : 1
3 1
1 1 . 3 2
( ) ( ; ;1) (0; 0;1) os30
3 2
.
( ) : 1
3 1
3 2
2
xOy
xOy
xOy
x y z
a b c
a b c
x y z
Do I c v do K a
b
n n
n v n c b
b
n n
x y z
o
o
o
o o o
o
o
+ + = =
e = e = + + =
= = = =
+ =
Bi 6:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1 2
1 2
( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
( ) ( )
1 2 1 2 1 2
) : (1; 2;1) ; (1; 2; 3) (0; 1; 0) ; (0;1;1)
(0; 2;1) . . 8 0 o
d d
d d
a Ta c u u v M d M d
M M u u M M d v d ch nhau
= = e e
(
= = =
( ) ( )
1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
2 1 1 2 2 1
2 1 1 2 1 2
( )
1 2
) ( ; 1 2 ; ) ( ;1 2 ;1 3 )
( ; 2 2 2 ;1 3 )
1 3 1
1 2 2
2; 1 2;3; 2 : 1; 1; 4
4 7 3
: ( ) :
1 4 2
b GS d d A A t t t v d d B B t t t
AB t t t t t t
t t t t t t
Do d song song u AB
t t A B
x y z
KQ d
A
= + = +
= +
A || = =
= =
= =
Bi 7:
a) Gi I l hnh chiu ca A ln (d)
(2 ; 1 ; ) ( 2; 1; 5) I t t t AI t t t +
Page 75 of 130
1
( )
4
. 0
3
d Do AI u t = =
p dng cng thc trung im ta c kt qu:
( 15; 12;11) A
'
1 2 1 2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
) (1; 1; 1); (1; 2; 2) . ( 4; 3; 1)
(4;3;1)
d d Q d d
Q
b Do u u n u u
Hay n
(
= = = =
=
Mt khc:
1 2
(2; 1; 0) ; (0; 25;11)
( ) : 4( 2) 3( 1) 0 ( ) : 4 3 5 0
I d J d
Q x y z hay Q x y z
e e
+ + + = + + =
1 1
1 1
( ) ( )
1 2
( ) ( )
. .IJ
69
) : ( ) IJ ( 2; 24;11)
26
.
d d
d d
u u
c Ta c d d d
u u
(
= = =
(
Bi 8:
1 2 1 2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2
) : (2; 1; 1) ( 2;1;1) d d d d a V u v u u u d song song d = = =
b) Gi s mt phng cn lp l (Q) ta c:
1
1 2
( ) ( )
(5;1;5) ; (5; 2; 0) (0;1; 5)
. (0;1; 5) ( ) : 3( 5) 5( 1) 5 0
( ) : 3 5 25 0
Q d
M d N d MN
v n u MN Q x y z
hay Q x y z
e e =
(
= = + + =
+ + =
Bi 9:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1 2
1 2
( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
( ) ( )
1 2 1 2 1 2
) : (2; 3;1) ; (1; 5; 2) ( 1;1; 2) ; (2; 2; 0)
(3; 3; 2) . . 62 0 o
d d
d d
a Ta c u u v M d M d
M M u u M M d v d ch nhau
= = e e
(
= = =
1 2
1 2
1 2
. .MN
62
: ( )
195
.
u u
Ta c d d d
u u
(
= =
(
Page 76 of 130
1 1 1 1 2
2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1
2 1 2 1 2 1
( )
) (2 1; 3 1; 2)
( 2; 5 2; 2 ) ( 2 3; 5 3 3; 2 2)
2 3 5 3 3 2 2
( ) (2; 1; 5)
2 1 5
1 4 3
: ( ) :
2 1 5
P
b GS d A A t t t v d B
B t t t AB t t t t t t
t t t t t t
Do P n AB
x y z
KQ
A = + + A =
+ =
A = || = =
A = =
Bi 10:
( )
1 2
( )
) : . (8; 4; 2) ( 8;5; 0) ( )
8 4
( ) 5 2
) ( ) ( 8 4 ;5 2 ; ) (4 11; 7 2 ; 5)
. 0 3 (4; 1;3)
d
d
a Ta c u v v m M d
x t
d y t
z t
b Do A d A t t t AA t t t
M AA d u AA t A
(
= = e
= +
V:
1
. .
6
CMNP CM CN CP V
(
=
vi
2 2
3
. (0; ; )
8 4
a a
CM CN
(
=
v
( ; ; 0)
4 2
a a
CP =
Vy:
3
3
96
a
CMNP V =
Bi 2: Chn gc tam din l (A, AB, AD, AA) ta c:
( ; ;0); ' ( ; ; ); ' (0; ; ) BD a a BD a a h BC a h = = =
M :
1
DD' ' . ' '
6
B C BD BD BC V
(
=
vi
. ' ( ; ; 0) BD BD ah ah
(
=
Vy :
2
DD' '
6
ha
B C V =
Bi 3: Gi S(a;0;x) ( ;0; ) SB a x =
Page 80 of 130
( )
0 0 0
60 , ( ) 90 , , 30
( ) ( )
SB ABCD SB SB
ABCD ABCD
n n
| | | |
= Z = Z Z =
| |
\ . \ .
0
2 2
.
os30 3
.
SB n x
c x a
SB n x a
= = =
+
V:
1 1
. . .
6 6
S BCMN SM SC SB SM SC SN V
( (
= +
Chn gc tam din l (A,AB,AD,AS)
Ta c: ( ) . (1;0; 3) : 3 3 0
( )
BC MN BCM x z a
BCM
n
(
= =
=
Tm giao ca (BCM) vi (SD) trong :
0
2 3
( ) : (0; ; )
3 3
3
x
a a
SD y a at N
z a t
= +
Ta c:
2 2
2 2 3
2 3 2 3
. ; ; 0
3 3
1 2 3 4 3 10 3
.
6 3 9 27
a a
SM SC
a a a
S BCMN V
| |
(
=
|
|
\ .
(
= + =
(
Bi 4: Chn gc tam din l: (A,AB,AD,AS) ta c:
3
2 2 2
4 4 4
.
6
( , ) ; . ( ; ; 2 ) ( , )
6
2 .
SC BD BC
a a
d SC BD SC BD a a a d SC BD
a a a SC BD
(
(
= = = =
(
+ +
Bi 5: Chn gc tam din l: (O;OB;OC;OA)
4
4 4
2
2 2
2
2
.
3 5
4
( ) ; . ( ; ; ) ( )
2 5
4
a
a a
SB BE
a a
d S BE SB BE a a d S BE
BE a
a
+ +
(
(
= = = =
+
Bi 6: Chn gc tam din l: (O,OB,OC,OA).
Page 81 of 130
3
2 2 2
2 2
3
.
3 3 3 15
2
( , ) ; . ( ; ; ) ( , )
2 2 2 5
9 3 .
4 2
a
ABOM OA
a a a a
d AB OM ABOM d AB OM
a a ABOM
(
(
= = = =
(
+
Bi 7:
a) Gi O l trung im ca AB; M l trung im ca CD
Chn gc tam din l: (O;OB;OM;OS)
2
2
3 3
1 3
. ; . (0; ; )
6 2
1 3 3
6 2 12
a
SACD SC SD SA SC SD a
a a
SACD
V
V
( (
= =
= =
b)
3
. ( 3; 0; 1) ( ) : 3 0
2
a
SASD SAD x z
(
= + =
( )
3
( )
2
a
d C SAD =
Bi 8: Gi K l trung im ca SA. Chn gc tam din l: (I;ID;IA;IK)
2 2 2
2 2 2
3 2 6 3
. ( ; ; )
( )
4 4 2
3 2 6 3
. ( ; ; )
( )
4 4 2
( ) ( )
2 2 2
18 6 3
0
16 16 4
.
a a a
SASB
SAB
a a a
SASD
SAD
SAB SAD
a a a
n
n
n n
(
=
(
=
= =
=
=
Vy :
( ) ( ) SAB SAD
Bi 9: Chn gc tam din (A,AB,AD, AA)
2 2 2
3
4 4 4
'. '
( ', ') ; '. ' ( ; 2 ; )
'. '
6
( ', ')
6
4
AB BC AB
d AB BC AB BC a a a
AB BC
a a
d AB BC
a a a
(
(
= =
(
= =
+ +
Page 82 of 130
Bi 10: Chn tam din (A,AB,AD, AA1)
( ) ( )
2 2
1 1
2 2
1 1
0
0 0 0
1 1 1
. ( ; 0; )
( )
1
. (0; ; )
( )
1
1 ( ) ( )
os 60
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
( ) ( )
; ; ( ), ( ) 180 60 120
.
. .
.
AB AC a a
A BC
AD AC a a
A DC
SAB SAD
c
SAB SAD SAB SAD
SAB SAD
B AC D ABC ADC
n
n
n n
n n n n
n n
(
=
(
=
| | | |
= Z =
| |
\ . \ .
Z = =
=
=
=
.Ht
Page 83 of 130
LUYN TP S 07
Hnh Cu.
Bi 1:
Cho t din ABCD c AB=CD=c; AC=BD=b; AD=BC=c. Tnh din tch mt cu
ngoi tip t din.
Bi 2:
Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c tt c cc cnh y v cnh bn u bng a. Gi
A, B, C, Dln lt l trung im ca SA,SB,SC,SD.
a) CMR: Cc im A,B,C,D,A,B,C,D cng thuc mt mt cu (C).
b) Tnh bn knh mt cu ny.
Bi 3:
Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, hai mt bn
(SAB) v (SAD) cung vung gc vi y, SA=a.
Tnh bn knh hnh cu ni tip hnh chp.
Bi 4:
Cho t din ABCD c 4 chiu cao k t 4 nh ln lt l h
1
, h
2
,h
3
,h
4
. Gi r l bn
knh hnh cu ni tip t din.
CMR:
1 2 3 4
1 1 1 1 1
h h h h r
+ + + =
Bi 5:
Cho tam giacs cn ABC c
0
120 BAC Z = v ng cao 2 AH a = . Trn ng thng A
vung gc vi (ABC) ti A ly 2 im I,J 2 bn im A sao cho: IBC l tam gic u,
JBC l tam gic vung cn.
a) Tnh cc cnh caAABC.
b) Tnh AI, AJ v chng minh cc tam gic BIJ v CIJ l cc tam gic vung.
c) Tm tm v bn knh mt cu ngoi tip t din IJBC, IABC.
Bi 6:
Trong h trc ta Oxyz cho mp( ) :2 2 15 0 x y z o + + = v im J(-1;-2;1). Gi I
l im i xng ca J qua ( ) o . Vit phng trnh mt cu tm I, bit n ct ( ) o theo mt
ng trn c chu vi l 8.
Page 84 of 130
Bi 7:
Tm tp hp tm cc mt cu i qua gc ta v tip xc vi 2 mt phng c phng
trnh ln lt l:
(P): x+2y-4=0 v (Q): x+2y+6=0
Bi 8:
Trong KG cho mt cu (S) i qua 4 im: A(0;0;1), B(1;0;0), C(1;1;1), D(0;1;0)
V mt cu (S) i qua 4 im:
1 1 1
'( ; 0; 0), '(0; ; ), '(1;1; 0), '(0;1;1)
2 2 2
A B C D .
Tm di bn knh ng trn giao tuyn ca 2 mt cu .
Bi 9:
Trong h trc T Oxyz cho 2 ng thng c PT:
1 2
5 2
( ) : ( ) : 2
0
x t x s
d y t v d y
z z s
= =
= =
= =
Vit phng trnh mt cu (S) c tm I thuc d
1
v I cch d
2
mt khong bng 3. Bit
rng mt cu (S) c bn knh bng 5.
Bi 10:
Trong h trc T Oxyz cho 2 im: A(0;-1;1) v B( 1;2;1) .
Vit PT mt cu (S) c ng knh l on vung gc chung ca ng thng AD v
ng thng ch trc Ox.
.Ht
Page 85 of 130
HNG DN GII LUYN TP S 07
Hnh Cu.
Bi 1:
Cho t din ABCD c AB=CD=c; AC=BD=b; AD=BC=c. Tnh din tch mt cu ngoi
tip t din.
Gii:
Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca BC v AD.
V ABC DBC AM DM MN AD A = A = . Tng t: MN BC
Vy MN l on vung gc chung ca AD v BC. Hay MN l ng trung trc ca AD
v BC.
Tm mt cu ngoi tip t din s l trung im ca MN.
Ta c:
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
2 4 2
b c a b c a
AM DM MN AM AN
+ +
= = = =
2 2 2
2 2
1
( )
2 2 2
MN a b c
R OA AN
+ +
= = + =
Vy:
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
1
4 . . ( )
4 2 2
4
a b c
a b c R S
t
t t
+ +
= = + + =
Bi 2:
Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c tt c cc cnh y v cnh bn u bng a. Gi
A, B, C, Dln lt l trung im ca SA,SB,SC,SD.
a) CMR: Cc im A,B,C,D,A,B,C,D cng thuc mt mt cu (C).
b) Tnh bn knh mt cu ny.
Gii:
a) Gi O, O ln lt l tm cc hnh vung ABCD, ABCD.
Khi OO' ( ) OO' ( ' ' ' ') ABCD v A B C D v OO l trc ng trn ngoi tip cc
hnh vung y.
Tm I ca hnh cu cn tm thuc OO v nm ngoi OO.
t:
Page 86 of 130
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
. ' ' ' ( ) ( ) ( OO') ;
2 4
2 2
OO'
2 4 4
a a
OI x Do IA IA OI OA OI OA x x
SO a a
x
= = + = + + = + +
= = =
Vy 8 im A,B,C,D, A,B,C,D cng thuc mt cu tm I.
b) Bn knh :
2 2
10
8 2 4
a a a
R IA = = + =
Bi 3:
Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, hai mt bn
(SAB) v (SAD) cung vung gc vi y, SA=a.
Tnh bn knh hnh cu ni tip hnh chp.
Gii:
V
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
SAB ABCD
SAB ABCD AB AD SA
AD AB
=
`
)
. Tng t AB SA .
Ta hon ton chng minh c SB BC v SD DC
2 2 2 2
2
2
2 2
2 2 2 2
(2 2)
a a a a
SAB SAD SBC SCD ABCD a
TP
a
S S S S S S = A + A + A + A + = + + + +
= +
M
3
1 1
2
. . .
p 3 3 3
a
V SAS ABCD a a
ch
= = =
v
3 (2 2)
2
TP
V a
r
S
r
= =
Bi 4:
Cho t din ABCD c 4 chiu cao k t 4 nh ln lt l h
1
, h
2
,h
3
,h
4
. Gi r l bn
knh hnh cu ni tip t din.
CMR:
1 2 3 4
1 1 1 1 1
h h h h r
+ + + =
Gii:
Gi din tch cc mt i din vi cc nh ln lt l S
1
,S
2
,S
3
,S
4
ta c:
Page 87 of 130
1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3
; ; ;
3 3 3 3
1 1 1 1 1
3 3
TP
V V V V
V h S h S h S h S h h h h
S S S S
S S S S S
h h h h V V r
= = = = = = = =
+ + +
+ + + = = =
Bi 5:
Cho tam giacs cn ABC c
0
120 BAC Z = v ng cao 2 AH a = . Trn ng thng A
vung gc vi (ABC) ti A ly 2 im I,J 2 bn im A sao cho: IBC l tam gic u,
JBC l tam gic vung cn.
a) Tnh cc cnh caAABC.
b) Tnh AI, AJ v chng minh cc tam gic BIJ v CIJ l cc tam gic vung.
c) Tm tm v bn knh mt cu ngoi tip t din IJBC, IABC.
Gii:
a) Cc bn t tnh ra ta c:
2 2; 2 6 AB AC a BC a = = =
b) Cc bn s tnh c AI=4a v AJ=6a.
Ta thy IJ=AI+AJ=2a+4a=6a v IB
2
+ JB
2
=24a
2
+12a
2
= 36a
2
.
iu ny chng t tam gic BIJ vung ti B, tng t ta cng chng minh c
tam gic CIJ vung ti C.
c) Ta c:
0
90 IBJ ICJ Z = Z = iu ny chng t B,C nm trn mt cu ng knh IJ,
bn knh
1
IJ 6
3
2 2
a
R a = = = .
V tam gic ABC cn ti A nn ng cao Ah cng l ng trung trc.
Tm A ca ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC nm trn AH.
nh l hm s sin cho ta: 2 2 2 2
sin
BC
R R a AH
A
= = = nn A i xng vi A qua
BC.
Gi K l trung im ca AI, Tm L ca mt cu ngoi tip t din IABC l giao
im ca trc Ax ca ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC v trung trc ca on
Az nm trong mp (AIH).
Bn knh mt cu l:
2
2 2 2 2 2
2
4 4 8 2 3
4
AI
R LA AK LK AH a a a = = + = + = + =
Page 88 of 130
Bi 6:
Trong h trc ta Oxyz cho mp( ) :2 2 15 0 x y z o + + = v im J(-1;-2;1). Gi I
l im i xng ca J qua ( ) o . Vit phng trnh mt cu tm I, bit n ct ( ) o theo mt
ng trn c chu vi l 8.
Gii:
Gi I(a;b;c) ta c:
( )
2 3
1 2 1
IJ ( 1; 2; 1). IJ n
2 3 2 1 2
a b
a b c
a b c Do
c b
o
= +
+ +
= + + || = =
=
Nhng trung im M ca IJ li nm trn ( ) o nn ta c : b= -4 v I (-5;-4;5)
Ta tnh c khong cch t I n ( ) o l IO=3.
V C=2R
0
=8 nn R
0
=4 . =>
2 2 2 2
' ' 4 3 5 R IA IO AO = + = + =
Vy:
2 2 2
( ) :( 5) ( 4) ( 5) 25 C x y z + + + + =
Bi 7:
Tm tp hp tm cc mt cu i qua gc ta v tip xc vi 2 mt phng c phng
trnh ln lt l:
(P): x+2y-4=0 v (Q): x+2y+6=0
Gii:
Ta nhn thy (P) song song vi (Q) nn 2R= d( (P), (Q)).
Ly M(0;2;0) thuc (P) ta c: d( (P), (Q))= d( M, (Q)) = 2 5 5 R = .
Lc ny PT mt cu c dng: (x-a)
2
+(y-b)
2
+(z-c)
2
=5
V C i qua O(0;0;0) nn:
2 2 2 2 2 2
5 ( ) : 5 a b c I S x y z + + = e + + =
Mt khc: Mt phng song song v cch u (P) v (Q) c PT:
():
( 2 4) ( 2 6)
2 1 0
2
x y x y
x y
+ + + +
= + + =
Do
2 2 2
2 1 0 ( )
( ) ( ) :
( ) 5
x y I
I S
I S x y z
o
o
+ + = e
e
e + + =
( C nh )
Bi 8:
Trong KG cho mt cu (S) i qua 4 im: A(0;0;1), B(1;0;0), C(1;1;1), D(0;1;0)
V mt cu (S) i qua 4 im:
1 1 1
'( ; 0; 0), '(0; ; ), '(1;1; 0), '(0;1;1)
2 2 2
A B C D .
Page 89 of 130
Tm di bn knh ng trn giao tuyn ca 2 mt cu .
Gii:
Ln lt ta lp cc PT mt cu vi dng tng qut chung l:
2 2 2
2 2 2 0 x y z ax by cz d + + + + + + =
- Vi (S) ta c:
2 2 2
1 2 0
1 2 0
1
; 0 0(1)
1 2 0 2
3 2 2 2 0
c d
a d
a b c d x y z x y z
b d
a b c d
+ + =
+ + =
= = = = + + =
+ + =
+ + + + =
- Vi (S)
2 2 2
1
0
4
1
7 1 7 1 7
0
; ; 2 2 0(2)
2
4 4 2 2 2
2 2 2 0
2 2 2 0
a d
b c d
a c b d x y z x y z
a b d
b c d
+ + =
+ + + =
= = = = + + + + =
+ + + =
+ + + =
T (1) v (2) ta thy mt phng cha ng trn giao tuyn c PT:
( ) : 9 9 4 0 x y z o + + =
Vy PT ng trn giao tuyn cn tm l:
2 2 2
9 9 4 0
( ) :
1 1 1 3
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 4
x y z
C
x y z
+ + =
+ + =
Bi 9:
Trong h trc T Oxyz cho 2 ng thng c PT:
1 2
5 2
( ) : ( ) : 2
0
x t x s
d y t v d y
z z s
= =
= =
= =
Vit phng trnh mt cu (S) c tm I thuc d
1
v I cch d
2
mt khong bng 3. Bit
rng mt cu (S) c bn knh bng 5.
Gii:
V I thuc d
1
nn I( t;-t;0)
Page 90 of 130
2
2 2
2
2
.
( 2; 0;1)
( ) (5 ; 2; 0) ( )
(5; 2; 0)
6 30 45
. ( 2;5 ; 2 4) ( ) 3
5
0 (0; 0; 0)
5 (5; 5; 0)
d
u IM
u
d c IM t t d I d
Qua M u
t t
u IM t t t d I d
t I
t I
(
=
= =
+
(
= + + = =
=
Vy c 2 PT mt cu tha mn k bi ton l:
2 2 2
1
2 2 2
2
( ) : 25
( ) : ( 5) ( 5) 25
S x y z
S x y z
+ + =
+ + + =
Bi 10:
Trong h trc T Oxyz cho 2 im: A(0;-1;1) v B( 1;2;1) .
Vit PT mt cu (S) c ng knh l on vung gc chung ca ng thng AD v
ng thng ch trc Ox.
Gii:
Lp PT ng thng i qua AB ta c:
( ) : 1 3
1
x t
AB y t
z
=
= +
Gi
( ;3 1;1) ( ) M t t AB e
V N(s;0s0) thuc Ox ( ;3 1;1) MN t s t = .
S dng :
Ox
MN AB
MN
Ta tm c
1
3
t s = = .
Ta tm c :
1 1 1 1
( ; 0;1), ( ; 0; 0) ( ; 0; )
3 3 3 2
M N O l trung im ca MN.
V
1
2 2
MN
R = = .
Vy:
2 2 2
1 1
( 3) ( )
2 4
x y z + + =
.Ht
Page 91 of 130
LUYN TP S 08
BT NG THC V MIN, MAX.
Bi 1: Cho 3 s dng ty x,y,z.
CMR:
3
2 2 2 4
x y z
x y z x y z x y z
+ + s
+ + + + + +
Bi 2: Cho 3 s dng x,y,z tha mn: xyz=1
CMR:
2 2 2
3
1 1 1 2
x y z
y z x
+ + >
+ + +
Bi 3: Cho 3 s khng m ty x,y,z tha mn: x+y+z=0.
CMR:
2 4 2 4 2 4 3 3
x y z
+ + + + + >
Bi 4: Cho 3 s dng ty a,b,c:
Tm Min:
3 3 3 3 3 3
3 3 3
2 2 2
4( ) 4( ) 4( ) 2
a b c
A a b b c c a
b c a
| |
= + + + + + + + +
|
\ .
Bi 5: Cho 3 s dng ty x,y,z.
Tm Min ca:
1 1 1
2 2 2
x y z
P x y z
yz zx xy
| | | |
| |
= + + + + +
| | |
\ .
\ . \ .
Bi 6: Cho 3 s dng x,y,z tha mn iu kin: xyz=1. Chng minh rng:
2 2 2
3 3 3
1
x y z
P
x y y z y z z x z x x y
= + + >
+ + + + + +
Bi 7: Cho 3 s thc a,b,c ty . Chng minh rng:
2 2 2 2 2 2
(*)
1 . 1 1 . 1 1 . 1
a c a b b c
a c a b b c
s +
+ + + + + +
Bi 8: Cho 4 s thc a,b,c,d tha mn: a
2
+b
2
=1; c d =3. Chng minh:
9 6 2
4
F ac bd cd
+
= + s
Bi 9: Cho:
0; a c b c > > >
Chng minh:
( ) ( ) c a c c b c ab + s
Page 92 of 130
Bi 10: Cho x,y,z thuc khong (0;1) tha mn iu kin: xy + yz + zx = 1. Tm Min ca:
2 2 2
1 1 1
x y z
P
x y z
= + +
Bi 11: Cho x, y, z >1 v tho mn iu kin : xy + yz + zx > 2xyz
Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc A = (x - 1)(y - 1)(z - 1).
Bi 12. Tm gi tr ln nht v nh nht ca hm s:
4 2 2
2 2
2 1 1 1
1 1 2
x x x
y
x x
+ +
=
+ +
Bi 13. Cho 4 s bt k a,b,c,d tha mn: a+2b=9;c+2d=4. CMR:
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
12 8 52 2 2 4 8 20 4 5 a a b b a c b d ac bd c d c d + + + + + + + + + + >
Bi 14: Cho 3 s dng x,y,z tha mn: 3
-x
+ 3
-y
+ 3
-z
=1. CMR:
9 9 9 3 3 3
3 3 3 3 3 3 4
x y z x y z
x y z y z x z x y + + +
+ +
+ + >
+ + +
Bi 15:
Tm Min ca:
2 2 2
x y z
H
y z z x x y
= + +
+ + +
Trong :
2 2 2 2 2 2
, , 0
2010
x y z
x y y z z x
>
+ + + + + =
Bi 16: Tm Min, Max ca:
( )
( )
2
2 2 2 2
3 12
xy
A
x y x x y
=
+ + +
Bi 17: Cho 3 s thc tha mn: x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
=1.
Tm Min, Max ca:
( ) ( ) P x y z xy yz zx = + + + +
Bi 18: Cho 2 s dng x,y tha mn: x+y=5/4. Tm Min ca:
Page 93 of 130
4 1
4
A
x y
= +
Bi 19: CMR: Vi mi tam gic ABC ta lun c:
1 os 1 os 1 os
2 2 2
3 3
A A A
c c c
A A A
+ + +
+ + >
Bi 20: Cho 2 s khng m ty x,y tha mn 1 x y + = : Tm Min, Max ca:
1 1
x y
S
y x
= +
+ +
.Ht
Page 94 of 130
HDG LUYN TP S 08
Kin thc v Bt ng thc v tm Min, Max i khi cn xa l vi nhiu bn. Khi ng
n phn ny cc bn thng thy rt ngi lm. K c vic c mt bi gii ca ai cc
bn lun t ra cc cu hi: V sao li tch nh th m khng tch kiu khc? Sao mnh
chng minh BT n li c chiu quay liy l kin thc lm quen t cp II, trong
qu trnh hc cc bn phi rn luyn nhiu, tham kho nhiu bi gii hay, nhiu th thut
bin i th mi tm yn tm c. Ti c i iu nh vy. Mong cc bn n tp tht tt!
Bi 1: Cho 3 s dng ty x,y,z.
CMR:
3
2 2 2 4
x x x
x y z x y z x y z
+ + s
+ + + + + +
Gii:
Ta c:
( ) ( )
1 1 1 1 1
2 4
1
2 4
1 1 3
2 4 4 4
1
2 4
x y z x y x z x y x z
x x x
x y z x y x z
y y y x y y z x z
VT
x y z x y y z x y y z x z
z z z
x y z x z y z
| |
= s +
|
+ + + + + + +
\ .
| |
s +
|
+ + + +
\ .
| | | | + + +
s + s + + =
`
| |
+ + + + + + +
\ . \ .
| |
=s +
|
+ + + +
\ .
)
Du = xy ra khi v ch khi x=y=z
Bi 2: Cho 3 s dng x,y,z tha mn: xyz=1
CMR:
2 2 2
3
1 1 1 2
x y z
y z x
+ + >
+ + +
Gii:
Ta c:
Page 95 of 130
2
2
3
2
1
1 4
9 3 1 3 ( ) 3( ) 3 3
( )
1 4 4 4 4 2
1
1 4
x y
x
y
xyz y z x y z x y z
y VT x y z
z
z x
z
x
+
+ >
+
+ + + + + +
+ > > + + = > =
`
+
+
+ >
+
)
Du = xy ra khi v ch khi x=y=z=1
Bi 3: Cho 3 s khng m ty x,y,z tha mn: x+y+z=0.
CMR:
2 4 2 4 2 4 3 3
x y z
+ + + + + >
Gii:
t:
( )
1 1 1 1
3
6 6 6 6
(1)
1
18
4
, , 0
4 : 2 2 2 3 3(1)
1
4
: 2 1 1 3 2 3. 3.
3 3. 3 3
x
y
z
a
a b c
b V a b c
abc
c
Ta c a a a a a VT a b c
abc
=
>
= + + + + + >
=
| |
+ = + + > + > > + +
|
\ .
> =
Du = xy ra khi v ch khi x=y=z=0
Bi 4: Cho 3 s dng ty a,b,c:
Tm Min:
3 3 3 3 3 3
3 3 3
2 2 2
4( ) 4( ) 4( ) 2
a b c
A a b b c c a
b c a
| |
= + + + + + + + +
|
\ .
Gii:
( )
3 3 3 3 3 3
3 3 3
2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
3
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
3 3 3
3
2 2 2
3 3
4( ) 4( ) 4( ) 2
:4( ) 8 ( ) 4( ) 2
4( ) 4( ) 4( ) 2 6
1 1
2 6 6 12 12
a b c
A a b b c c a
b c a
V a b ab a b ab
a b b c c a ab bc ca abc
a b c
V A abc Min A
b c a
abc abc
| |
= + + + + + + + +
|
\ .
+ > + >
+ + + + + > + + >
| | | |
+ + > > + > =
| |
\ . \ .
Page 96 of 130
Du = xy ra khi v ch khi a=b=c=1.
Bi 5: Cho 3 s dng ty x,y,z.
Tm Min ca:
1 1 1
2 2 2
x y z
P x y z
yz zx xy
| | | |
| |
= + + + + +
| | |
\ .
\ . \ .
Gii:
Ta c:
( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
1 1
2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 3 1
: 3 ( ) 1 .
2 2 2
( )
3 1 9 9
3 ( ) . .
2 2 2
( )
x y z x y z x y z x y z
P x y z
xyz xyz xyz xyz xyz
V x y z xyz V
xyz xyz xyz
xyz
P xyz MinP
xyz
| | + + + + + +
= + + + = + = + + +
|
\ .
| |
+ + > + = + + >
|
\ .
> = =
Du = xy ra khi v ch khi x=y=z=1
Bi 6: Cho 3 s dng x,y,z tha mn iu kin: xyz=1. Chng minh rng:
2 2 2
3 3 3
1
x y z
P
x y y z y z z x z x x y
= + + >
+ + + + + +
Gii:
2 3
3 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3
2 2 2 2 2 2
:
: 0
2 .
x x
V
x y y z x xy y
x y x y y z z x
M x y
x xy y x xy y y yz z z zx x
x y z y z x
x xy y y yz z z zx x x xy y y yz z z zx x
x y y z z x
P
x xy y y yz z z zx x
V
=
+ + + +
= + + =
+ + + + + + + +
+ + = + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
= + +
+ + + + + +
3 3 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3
3
2 2
1
: ( ) . :
3
2
2 ( ) 2 2 1.
3 3
x y x xy y x xy y
x y m
x xy y x xy y x xy y
x y x y
P x y z xyz P
x xy y
+ + +
= + >
+ + + + + +
+ +
> = + + > = >
+ +
Page 97 of 130
Bi 7: Cho 3 s thc a,b,c ty . Chng minh rng:
2 2 2 2 2 2
(*)
1 . 1 1 . 1 1 . 1
a c a b b c
a c a b b c
s +
+ + + + + +
Gii:
t:
| |
tan
tan (*) sin( ) sin( ) sin( )
tan
: sin( ) sin ( ) ( ) ) sin( ) os( ) os( )sin( )
sin( ) os( ) os( ) sin( ) sin( ) sin( )
a
b
c
V c c
c c
o
| o | | o
o o | | o | | o | |
o | | o | | o | |
=
= + >
= + = +
s + s +
iu phi chng minh.
Bi 8: Cho 4 s thc a,b,c,d tha mn: a
2
+b
2
=1; c d =3. Chng minh:
9 6 2
4
F ac bd cd
+
= + s
Gii:
Gi:
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
; ( ) : 1 ; : 3
: ( ) ( ) 2 2
( ) 2( ) 1 9 2
A a b A C x y v B c d B d x y
Tac AB a c b d a b c d ac bd
a b c d ac bd cd F
e + = e =
= + = + + +
= + + + = +
V AB nh nht khi v ch khi A,B thuc ng vung gc vi d k t O.
2
3 2 3 2 2 22 12 2
1
2 2 4
22 12 2 11 6 2 9 6 2
10 2 5
4 4 4
ABMin OB OA AB
F F F
= = = >
+
> > s
Bi 9: Cho:
0; a c b c > > >
Chng minh:
( ) ( ) c a c c b c ab + s
Gii:
Gi:
Page 98 of 130
( )
( )
,
,
: . . ( ) ( )
a c b c a c b c b
b a c c b a c c a
Do a b a b c a c c b c ab
= + =
= + =
s + s
Bi 10: Cho x,y,z thuc khong (0;1) tha mn iu kin: xy + yz + zx = 1. Tm Min ca:
2 2 2
1 1 1
x y z
P
x y z
= + +
Gii:
t
( )
2 2 2
3
tan
2
tan tan tan
1
2 2 2
tan t anA tan tan
2 2
1 tan 1 tan 1 tan
2 2 2
tan
2
: : t anA tan tan t anA. tan . tan 3 t anA. tan . tan
3 3
t anA tan tan t anA. tan . tan 3 3
2
A
x
A B C
B
y P B C
A B C
C
z
V Trong ABCta c B C B C B C
B C B C P
= = + + = + +
A + + = >
+ + = > >
Du = xy ra khi v ch khi A=B=C=60
0
hay
1
3
x y z = = =
Bi 11.
Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng ln hn 1 v tho mn iu kin :
xy + yz + zx > 2xyz
Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc A = (x - 1)(y - 1)(z - 1).
Gii:
Ta c: xy + yz + zx > 2xyz
1 1 1
2
x y z
+ + >
t:
Page 99 of 130
( )( )( ) ( )( )( )
( )( )( )
1
, , 0
1 1 1
1 2 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1
1 1 1
1
2
1 1 1
( 1)( 1)
1 1
2 ; 2
1 1
( 1)( 1) ( 1)( 1)
1 1
8
1 1 1 1 1 1 8
1 1
1 1 1 ax
8 8
x a
a b c
y b
a b c
z c
a b c
b c bc
a b c
b c
ca ab
b c
c a a b
abc
abc
a b c a b c
x y z M A
=
>
| | | |
= > > +
| |
+ + + + +
\ . \ .
=
+ + +
> + >
+ + +
+ +
> >
+ +
+ + + +
> s
+ + + + + +
s =
Bi 12.
Tm gi tr ln nht v nh nht ca hm s:
4 2 2
2 2
2 1 1 1
1 1 2
x x x
y
x x
+ +
=
+ +
Gii:
t:
( )
| |
2
2 2
2
2
2 2 2 2 2
2
2
, 0 1
2
;
2 2
1
1 ( 1) 4
:
2
2
2; 2
ax (0) 1
0
' 0
4
lim
4 2
3
2
t
a b a x
ab a b
y
a b a b
b x
t a b a b
Coi t a b
t t
y
t
t
M y y
t
y
y
t
y t
t
> = +
+
=
+ + =
=
( ( = s + + =
=
+
=
+
e
= =
=
= <
= +
+
Vy hm s t Max=1 v khng t Min.
Bi 13.
Cho 4 s bt k a,b,c,d tha mn: a+2b=9;c+2d=4. CMR:
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
12 8 52 2 2 4 8 20 4 5 a a b b a c b d ac bd c d c d + + + + + + + + + + >
Gii:
Chn A(a;b) v B(c;d) ta c: M(6;4) v N(2;-4) v:
Page 100 of 130
( ) ( )
1
2
2 2
2 2
( ) : 2 9 0
( ) : 2 4 0
: 12 8 52 6 4
A d x y
B d x y
Ta c a a b b a b AM
e + =
e + =
+ + = + =
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
4 8 20 2 4
a c b d ac bd a c b d AB
c d c d c d BN
+ + + = + =
+ + + = + + =
2 2
: (6 2) (4 4) 4 5 M AM AB BN MN + + > = + + =
Bi 14.
Cho 3 s dng x,y,z tha mn: 3
-x
+ 3
-y
+ 3
-z
=1. Chng minh rng:
9 9 9 3 3 3
3 3 3 3 3 3 4
x y z x y z
x y z y z x z x y + + +
+ +
+ + >
+ + +
Gii:
t:
( )( )
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
( )( )
2 2 2 3 3 3
2 2 2
3 3 3
2 2
3 3 3
3 3
3
, , 0
3
1 1 1
1
3
:
:
.
: 3
8 4
x
y
z
a
a b c
b ab bc ca abc
a b c c
a b c a b c
Tac VT
a bc b ca c ab a abc b abc c abc
a a a
V
a abc a ab bc ca a b a c
a b c
VT
a b a c b c b a c a c b
a a b a c a
Ta c
a b a c
=
>
= + + =
+ + =
=
= + + = + +
+ + + + + +
= =
+ + + + + +
> + +
+ + + + + +
+ +
+ + >
+ +
( )( ) ( )( )
3
3 3
3
64 4
3 3
;
4 4
3
2 ( )
8 4 4
a
b c
b c
b c b a c a c b
a b a c b c a b c
VT a b c VT VP dpcm
=
> >
+ + + +
+ + + + + + +
| |
+ > + + > =
|
\ .
Bi 15.
Page 101 of 130
Tm Min ca:
2 2 2
x y z
H
y z z x x y
= + +
+ + +
Trong :
2 2 2 2 2 2
, , 0
2010
x y z
x y y z z x
>
+ + + + + =
Gii:
t:
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
, , 0
2010
:
2( ); 2( ); 2( )
2( ) 2( ) 2( )
: ; ;
2 2 2
1
2 2
a x y
a b c
b y z
a b c
c z x
Theo Bunhiacopxki ta c
x y x y y z y z z x z x
x y z
H
y z z x x y
a b c a b c a b c
V x y z
a b c
H
b
= +
>
= +
+ + =
= +
+ s + + s + + s +
> + +
+ + +
+ + + +
= = =
+
>
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 ( )
( ) 2( ) . : ( ) :
3
2 2
1 ( ) 1 1 1 1 ( )
.( ) 2( ) .9 2( )
3 3
2 2 2 2
2010 1005 2
2
2 2 2 2
a b c a b c
c a
a b c
a b c a b c V a b c n n
a b c
a b c a b c
H a b c a b c a b c
a b c
a b c
| | + + +
+ +
|
\ .
| | + +
| |
= + + + + + + + + >
| |
\ .
\ .
| + + | + +
| | | |
> + + + + + + > + +
| | |
\ . \ .
\ .
+ +
= = =
1005 2
224450
2
Min H x y z = = = =
Bi 16: Tm Min, Max ca:
( )
( )
2
2 2 2 2
3 12
xy
A
x y x x y
=
+ + +
Gii:
Page 102 of 130
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )( )
2
2
2 2
2
2 2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2 2
1
: . :
3 1 1 12
1 1 12
1
1
1 3 12
1 3 1 1 12
3 1 1 12
1 1 12 1 1
. : 1 12 ( 1) 3 ( )
3 12 4 3
1
'( ) 0 3 ( ) (
3
y
Ta c A Coi t
x
x y
y x
t t
t
A
t t
t t
t
t
t u
Coi u t u A f u
t u
u
f u A f u f
u
= =
| |
| |
| |
| |
|
+ | + +
| |
|
|
\ .
\ .
\ .
\ .
+
= = =
| | +
+ + +
+ + +
|
\ .
+
= = + > = =
+ +
=
= = s
1 1
3) ax .
6 18
: lim ( ) 0 0
u
M A
V f u MinA
= =
= =
Bi 17: Cho 3 s thc tha mn: x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
=1.
Tm Min, Max ca:
( ) ( ) P x y z xy yz zx = + + + +
Gii:
t:
2 2 2 2
2 2
3( ) 3 3; 3
1 2 1
( ) '( ) 0 1 3; 3
2 2
ax (1) 1
:
( 3) ( 3 1)
t x y z t x y z t
t t t
V P t f t f t t
M P f
Qua BBT ta c
MinP f
(
= + + s + + = e
+ +
(
= = = = = e
= =
= = +
Bi 18: Cho 2 s dng x,y tha mn: x+y=5/4. Tm Min ca:
4 1
4
A
x y
= +
Gii:
Ta c:
Page 103 of 130
( )
2 2
5
16
16 60 5
4
.
5
4 4 (5 4 )
4 ( )
4
4 0 , 5
16 16 1 16 1
: : ( )
5 4 5 5
0
16 1 16
'( ) 0 (1) 1 5
5
4
5
3
y y
y x y
A
xy y y
y y
a y a b
a b
Coi V A f a
b y a b ab b a a a
a
f a MinA f
a a
a
+
+ +
= = =
= < <
+
= = + = + =
= + =
=
= = = = + =
Du = xy ra khi v ch khi x=1; y=1/4
Bi 19: CMR: Vi mi tam gic ABC ta lun c:
1 os 1 os 1 os
2 2 2
3 3
A A A
c c c
A A A
+ + +
+ + >
Gii:
Xt hm s:
2
cos 1
2
x
y x = +
' sin '' 1 cos 0; ;
2
y x x v y x x o
t
| |
= = > e
|
\ .
Ta thy y ng bin v ta c: y > 0. Vy ta c:
2
cos 1
2
x
x >
p dng cho cc gc A/2, B/2 , C/2 ta c:
2 2 2
cos 1 ; cos 1 ; cos 1
2 8 2 8 2 8
A A B B C C
> > >
2
1 1 1 1 9
2 ( ) 2.
8 8
18 144
3 3
8 8
A B C
VT A B C
A B C A B C
t t
t t
+ +
| |
> + + + + >
|
+ +
\ .
= = >
Bi 20: Cho 2 s khng m ty x,y tha mn x+y=1: Tm Min, Max ca:
1 1
x y
S
y x
= +
+ +
Page 104 of 130
Gii:
Ta c:
2 2
2
2
( ) ( ) 2 2
.
1 1 ( ) 1 2
( ) 1 1 2 2 6
: 0 . : 0; 2 ( )
4 4 4 2 2
1 2
inS ( )
6
' 0
4 3
( 2)
ax (0) 1
x y x y x y xy
S
y x xy x y xy
x y t
M xy Coi t xy t v S f t
t t
M f
S
t
M S f
+ + +
= + = =
+ + + + + +
+
(
s s = = e = = + =
(
+ +
= =
= <
+
= =
.Ht
Page 105 of 130
LUYN TP S 09
HNH HC GII TCH PHNG
Bi 1: Mt hnh thoi c mt ng cho c phng trnh: x+2y-7=0, mt cnh
c phng trnh: x+3y-3=0. Mt nh l (0;1). Vit phng trnh 3 cnh v ng
cho th 2 ca hnh thoi.
Bi 2: Trong mt phng Oxy cho 2 im M(1;4) v N(6;2). Lp phng trnh
ng thng quaN sao cho khong cch t M ti bng 2.
Bi 3: Trong mt phng Oxy cho im M(3;1). Vit phng trnh ng thng
qua M v ct 2 trc ta Ox, Oy tng ng ti A v B sao cho OA+OB t gi
tr nh nht.
Bi 4: Trong mt phng vi h trc ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC vi A(1;2),
ng trung tuyn BM v ng phn gic trong CD c phng trnh ln lt l:
2x+y+1=0 v x+y-1=0. Vit phng trnh ng thng BC.
Bi 5: Trong mt phng vi h trc Oxy cho ng thng d c phng trnh:
2x+3y+1=02x+3y+1=0 v im M(1;1). Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua
M to vi d mt gc 45
0
Bi 6: Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC c nh A(1;0) v 2
ng thng ln lt cha ng cao k t B v C c phng trnh: x-2y+1=0;
3x+y+1=0. Tnh din tch tam gic ABC .
Bi 7: Trong mt phng vi h trc ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC c AB=AC,
gc BAC = 90
0
. Bit M(1;-1) l trung im ca BC v G(2/3;0) l trng tm
tam gic ABC. Tm ta cc nh ABC.
Bi 8: Trong mt phng vi h trc ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC cn nh A.
C trng tm l G(4/3;1/3), Phng trnh ng thng BC l: x-2y-4=0, phng
trnh ng thng BG l: 7x-4y-8=0. Tm ta cc nh A,B,C.
Bi 9: Trong mt phng Oxy, cho hnh ch nht c tm I(1/2;0). Phng trnh
ng thng AB l: x-2y+2=0 v AB=2AD. Tm ta cc nh A,B,C,D. Bit
rng A c honh m.
Bi 10: Trong mt phng Oxy cho im A(0;2) v ng thng d: x-2y+2=0.
Tm trn d hai im B v C sao cho tam gic ABC vung B v AB=2BC.
Cu 11. Cho (5;3); ( 1; 2); ( 4;5) ABC c A B C vit phng trnh ng thng
i qua A v chia tam gic ABC thnh 2 phn c t s din tch bng nhau.
Page 106 of 130
Cu 12. Cho tam gic ABC nhn, vit phng trnh ng thng cha cnh AC
bit ta chn cc ng cao h t A,B,C ln lt l:
A(-1;-2) , B(2;2), C(-1;2).
Cu 13. Cho hnh vung ABCD c nh A(3;0) v C(-4;1) i din. Tm ta
cc nh cn li?
Bi 14: Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng trn (C) v ng thng d:
2 2
( ) : 1 1 4; : 1 0 C x y d x y
Vit phng trnh ng trn (C) i xng vi (C) qua d.
Bi 15: Cho tam gic ABC vi A(8;0), B(0;6) v C(9;3).
Vit phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.
Bi 16: Trong mt phng ta cho ng thng d: 2x-y-5=0 v 2 im A(1;2),
B(4;1). Vit phng trnh ng trn c tm thuc d v i qua A,B.
Bi 17: Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng thng d: 4x+3y-43=0 v im A(7;5)
trn d. Vit phng trnh ng trn tip xc vi d ti A v c tm nm trn
ng thng:
: 2 5 4 0 x y
Bi 18: Trn mt phng Oxyz cho 2 ng thng:
d
1
:3x+4y-47=0 v d
2
:4x+3y-45=0
Lp phng trnh ng trn c tm nm trn ng thng d: 5x+3y-22=0
V tip xc vi c d
1
v d
2
.
.Ht
Page 107 of 130
HDG LUYN TP S 09
Cc bi ton v hnh hc gii tch phng thc s cng khng kh khn g u cc
bn ah!, hc tt phn ny cc bn cn chun b cho mnh nhng kin thc t
trung hc c s nh cc yu t v im, ng thng trong tam gic v t gic, k
nng pht hin cc yu t lm c s tm ra hng gii cho bi ton.
Bi 1: Mt hnh thoi c mt ng cho c phng trnh: x+2y-7=0, mt cnh
c phng trnh: x+3y-3=0. Mt nh l (0;1). Vit phng trnh 3 cnh v
ng cho th 2 ca hnh thoi.
Gii:
Gi s A(0;1) v ta B l nghim ca h PT:
3 3 0
(15; 4)
2 7 0
x y
B
x y
+ =
+ =
Gi C(a;b) ta c tm
1
( ; ) ( 15; 5)
2 2
a b
O v D a b
+
+
( )
( )
; 1
30; 9 ( 30) ( 1)( 9) 0(1)
: 15 2( 5) 7 0 12 2 (2)
AC a b
BD a b a a b b
AC BD
M D BD a b a b
= + + + =
e + + = =
Th (2) vo (1) ta c: b=-9 hay b=5
-9 (30; 9) (15; 4) ( ) (2;5) (1;3) ( 13;10)
: ( 2) 3( 5) 0 : 3 17 0
(2; 4) (2; 1) : 2 ( 1) 0 2 1 0
( 13;9) (9;13)
: 9 13( 1) 0
: 9( 2) 1
AB CD
AC
AD BC
b C D B loai C O D
Do n n CD x y hay x y
AC n AC x y x y
AD n n
AD x y
BC x
=
= + = + =
= = + =
= = =
+ =
+
: 9 13 13 0
3( 5) 0 : 9 13 83 0
AD x y
y BC x y
+ =
= + =
Bi 2: Trong mt phng Oxy cho 2 im M(1;4) v N(6;2). Lp phng trnh
ng thng qua N sao cho khong cch t M ti bng 2.
Gii:
- Xt trng hp ng thng cn tm song song vi trc tung l:
Page 108 of 130
( ) : 6 0 5 2( ) x d M loai A = A = =
- Gi phng trnh ng thng cn tm c dng: ' : ( 6) 2 y k x A = +
( )
2
2 6
2 6 0 ' 2
1
0
2
' :
20
20 21 162 0
21
kx y k
kx y k d M
k
k
y
x y k
+
+ = A = =
+
=
+ = =
Bi 3: Trong mt phng Oxy cho im M(3;1). Vit phng trnh ng thng
qua M v ct 2 trc ta Ox, Oy tng ng ti A v B sao cho OA+OB t gi tr
nh nht.
Gii:
Gi phng trnh ng thng cn tm l:
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
2
2
1. : ; 0 0;
3 1
1
3 1
( 3 1)
( ) ( 3 1) 3 1 3 3 3
3
0
: 1
3 3 1 3
x y
Voi A a v B b
a b
a b
OA OB a b a b a b
a b
a
b
Min OA OB a b b a
ab
x y
PT
+ =
+ =
| |
+ = + > + = + + > +
|
\ .
=
+ = + = = + = +
>
+ =
+ +
Bi 4: Trong mt phng vi h trc ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC vi A(1;2),
ng trung tuyn BM v ng phn gic trong CD c phng trnh ln lt
l: 2x+y+1=0 v x+y-1=0. Vit phng trnh ng thng BC.
Gii:
Gi A l im i xng vi A qua CD v AA ct CD I ta c: A thuc BC
Ta c: AA' (1; 1) AA' : 1 ( 2) 0 1 0 CD u n x y hay x y = = = + =
Ta im I l nghim ca h:
Page 109 of 130
1 0
(0;1) '( 1; 0). ( ; ). 1 0
1 0
x y
I A Goi C a b Do C CD a b
x y
+ =
e + =
+ =
M trung im M ca AC c ta l:
1 1 1 1
( ; ) 2. 1 0 2 6 0
2 2 2 2
a b a b
M BM a b
+ + + +
e + + = + + =
Ta C l nghim ca h PT:
1 0
( 7;8) ' ( 6;8) (4;3)
2 6 0
: 4( 1) 3 0 4 3 4 0
BC
a b
C A C n
a b
BC x y hay x y
+ =
= =
+ + =
+ + = + + =
Bi 5: Trong mt phng vi h trc Oxy cho ng thng d c phng trnh:
2x+3y+1=0 v im M(1;1). Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua M to vi d
mt gc 45
0
Gii:
Xt ng thng cn tm song song vi trc tung l:
2 1
: 1 0 (1; 0) ( ; )
13 2
x n d d A A = = A = =
Gi phng trnh ng thng cn tm l:
( ) '
2
' : 1 1 1 0 ( ; 1)
1
5 4 0 2 3
1
os( '; )
5
5 6 0
2
14. 1
5
y k x kx y k n k
x y k k
c d
x y
k
k
A A = + + = =
+ = =
A = =
+ =
+
=
Bi 6: Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC c nh A(1;0) v 2 ng
thng ln lt cha ng cao k t B v C c phng trnh: x-2y+1=0;
3x+y+1=0. Tnh din tch tam gic ABC .
Gii:
Ta c:
(1; 3) : 3 1 0 CK AB u n AB x y = = =
Ta B l nghim ca h:
Page 110 of 130
( )
3 1 0
( 5; 2)
2 1 0
: 2;1 2( 1) 0 2 2 0 BH AC
x y
B
x y
V u n x y x y
=
+ =
= = + = + =
V ta C l nghim ca h phng trnh:
( )
2 2
2 2 0
( 3;8) 4 8 4 5
3 1 0
14 1 1 14
. .4 5. 28
2 2
5 5
ABC
x y
C AC
y
d B AC BH S AC BH
A
+ =
= + =
+ + =
= = = = =
Bi 7: Trong mt phng vi h trc ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC c AB=AC, gc
BAC = 90
0
. Bit M(1;-1) l trung im ca BC v G(2/3;0) l trng tm tam gic
ABC. Tm ta cc nh ABC.
Gii:
Gi
( )
0 0
0 0
2
;
3
1
( ; ) ; 1 0; 2
3
2
AG x y
A x y GM M
AG GM
| |
=
|
\ .
| |
=
|
\ .
( )
( )
( )
( )( )
; 2
2 ; 4
( ; ) (2 ; 2 )
2 2 ; 2 2
(1; 3)
(2 ) 2 4 0 0 (4; 0); ( 2; 2)
:
2 ( 2; 2); (4; 0)
2 2 3(2 2 ) 0
AB a b
AC a b
Goi B a b C a b
BC a b
AM
a a b b AB AC b B C
V
AM BC b B C
a b
+ = =
=
+ + =
Bi 8: Trong mt phng vi h trc ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC cn nh A. C
trng tm l G(4/3;1/3), Phng trnh ng thng BC l: x-2y-4=0, phng trnh
ng thng BG l: 7x-4y-8=0. Tm ta cc nh A,B,C.
Gii:
Page 111 of 130
Hong giao im B l nghim ca h PT:
7 4 8 0
(0; 2)
2 4 0
x y
B
x y
=
Do C thuc BC nn: 4 2(3 ) 4 0 2 6 a b a b = =
Nhng do tam gic ABC cn nn:
( )
4 1
;
3 3
. 0. : 2 3 0
2;1
BC
BC
AG a b
AG BC AGu M a b
u
| |
=
|
\ . = + =
Ta A l nghim ca h PT:
2 6 0
(0;3) (4; 0)
2 3 0
a b
A C
a b
+ =
+ =
Bi 9: Trong mt phng Oxy, cho hnh ch nht c tm I(1/2;0). Phng trnh
ng thng AB l: x-2y+2=0 v AB=2AD. Tm ta cc nh A,B,C,D. Bit
rng A c honh m.
Gii:
- Phng trnh ng thng qua I vung gc vi AB l d:2x+y-1=0
- Ta giao im M ca d v B l nghim ca h:
2 1 0
5
(0;1) 2 5
2 2 0 2
x y
M MI AD MI AM
x y
+ =
= = = =
+ =
Gi A(a;b) vi a<0 ta c:
2 2
( 1) 5 AM a b = + =
Do A thuc AB nn a-2b+2=0 => a=2(b-1)
( )
2
0 2
5 1 5 ( 2; 2)
2 2( )
(2; 2)
(3; 0)
( 1; 2)
b a
b A
b a loai
B
C
D
= =
= =
Bi 10: Trong mt phng Oxy cho im A(0;2) v ng thng d: x-2y+2=0. Tm
trn d hai im B v C sao cho tam gic ABC vung B v AB=2BC.
Gii:
Page 112 of 130
Phng trnh ng thng i qua A vung gc vi d l: 2x+y-2=0
Ta im B l nghim ca h phng trnh:
2 2 0
2 6
( ; )
2 2 0 5 5
x y
B
x y
+ =
+ =
Ta c:
2
( )
5
d A d =
Gi C(a;b) l im trn d, ta c: a-2b+2=0 (1) v:
2 2
2 2
2 6 4
( ) (2)
5 5 5
d A d BC a b
| | | |
= = + =
| |
\ . \ .
T (1) v (2) ta c: C(0;1) hoc C(4/5;7/5)
Bi 11:Cho (5;3); ( 1; 2); ( 4;5) ABC c A B C A vit phng trnh ng thng i
qua A v chia tam gic ABC thnh 2 phn c t s din tch bng nhau.
Gii:
Gi M(a;b) , ta c:
( )
( 1; 2)
3;3
BM a b
BC
= +
Do
1 1
1
2 1
( 2;3) ( 7; 0)
3
2 ( 3; 4)
1 2
( 8;1)
3
2 2
: 3 0
: 8 29 0
x
BM BC
y
M AM
M
x
AM
BM BC
y
d y
d x y
+ =
=
=
=
+ =
=
+ =
Bi 12:Cho tam gic ABC nhn, vit phng trnh ng thng cha cnh AC Bit
ta chn cc ng cao h t A,B,C ln lt l: A(-1;-2) , B(2;2), C(-1;2).
Gii:
S dng cc t gic ni tip ta hon ton chng minh c AA, BB, CC ln
lt l cc ng phn gic trong ca tam gic ABC.
Page 113 of 130
Ta c:
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 2 1 1
( 3; 0) (0;1) : 2 0
( 3; 4) (4; 3) : 4( 2) 3( 2) 0 : 4 3 2 0
BC n BC y
B A n B A x y hay x y
= = =
= = = =
| | | | | |
= + = = + =
|
| | |
|
=
\ . \ . \ .
\ .
Bi 14: ( TSH khi D-2003)
Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng trn (C) v ng thng d c phng trnh:
( ) ( )
2 2
( ) : 1 1 4; : 1 0 C x y d x y + = =
Vit phng trnh ng trn (C) i xng vi (C) qua d.
Gii:
(C) c tm I(1;1) v R=2
(C) i xng vi (C) qua d th tm I ca (C) cng i xng vi I qua d v R=R=2
Phng trnh ng thng qua I vung gc vi d l: : 2 0 x y A + =
( )
0
2
2
2 0
3 1
: ( ; ) '(2; 0)
1 0 2 2
( ') : 2 4
x y
d Kl ng cua HPT K I
x y
C x y
+ =
A =
+ =
Bi 15: Cho tam gic ABC vi A(8;0), B(0;6) v C(9;3).
Vit phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.
Page 114 of 130
Gii:
Trung im ca AB l: ( ) ( )
(4;3) 8;6 4; 3 M v AB = ||
Ta c phng trnh ng trung trc ca AB l:
4( 4) 3( 3) 0 4 3 7 0 x y x y = =
Trung im ca BC l: ( ) ( )
9 9
( ; ) 9; 3 3; 1
2 2
N v BC = ||
Ta c phng trnh ng trung trc ca BC l:
9 9
( ) 3( ) 0 3 9 0
2 2
x y x y = =
Vy ta tm ng trn ngoi tip l nghim ca h:
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
4 3 7 0
(4;3) 4 3 5
3 9 0
( ) : 4 3 25
x y
O R
x y
C x y
=
= + =
+ =
Bi 16: Trong mt phng ta cho ng thng d: 2x-y-5=0 v 2 im A(1;2),
B(4;1). Vit phng trnh ng trn c tm thuc d v i qua A,B.
Gii:
Tm O s l giao im ca ng trung trc ca AB v d.
Trung im ca AB l:
5 3
( ; ), (3; 1)
2 2
M AB =
Ta c phng trnh ng trung trc ca AB l:
5 3
3( ) ( ) 0 3 6 0
2 2
x y x y = =
Vy ta tm O l nghim ca h:
3 6 0
(1; 3)
2 5 0
x y
O
x y
=
Bn knh: R=5 nn ta c: ( ) ( )
2 2
( ) : 1 3 25 C x y + + =
Bi 17: Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng thng d: 4x+3y-43=0 v im A(7;5) trn d.
Vit phng trnh ng trn tip xc vi d ti A v c tm nm trn ng thng:
: 2 5 4 0 x y A + =
Gii:
Page 115 of 130
Ta c:
( ) ( )
0
2 2
(3; 4) : 3 4 1 0
3 4 1 0
a : (3; 2) 5
2 5 4 0
( ) : 3 2 25
d OA
u n OA x y
x y
O OA l ng cu HPT O R OA
x y
C x y
= = =
=
= A = =
+ =
+ =
Bi 18: Trn mt phng Oxyz cho 2 ng thng:
d
1
:3x+4y-47=0 v d
2
:4x+3y-45=0
Lp phng trnh ng trn c tm nm trn ng thng d: 5x+3y-22=0
V tip xc vi c d
1
v d
2
.
Gii:
Cc phng trnh ng phn gic to bi d
1
v d
2
l:
( )
( ) ( )
1
2 2 2 2
2
1 1 0 1
2 2
1 1
2 2 0 2
2
: 2 0 3 4 47 4 3 45
: 7 7 92 0
3 4 4 3
2 0
* 1: : 2; 4
5x 3y 22 0
5 ( ) : 2 4 5
7 7 92 0
61 153
* 2: : ;
5x 3y 22 0 7 7
20
7
x y x y x y
x y
x y
TH O d l ng cua HPT O
v R C x y
x y
TH O d l ng cua HPT O
v R
A + = + +
=
A + =
+ +
+ =
= A
+ =
= + =
+ =
| |
= A
|
+ =
\ .
=
2 2
2
61 153 400
( ) :
7 7 21
C x y
| | | |
+ + =
| |
\ . \ .
.Ht
Page 116 of 130
LUYN TP S 10
PHNG TRNH LG, HM S M V LOGARIT
Bi I: Gii cc phng trnh sau:
( )
3
3 3 2
3
3
2 2
1/ 4sin 1 3sin 3 os3x
2 / sin3 ( 3 2) os3 1
3/ 4sin 3cos 3sin sin cos 0
4 / 2sin5 3 os3 sin3 0
5 / 2sin 4 3cos 2 16sin cos 5 0
6 / inx 4sin cos 0
7 / tan xsin 2sin 3 os2 sin x cos
8 / 2 2tan 3
9
x x c
x c x
x x x x x
x c x x
x x x x
s x x
x x c x x
sin x x
=
+ =
+ =
+ + =
+ + =
+ =
= +
+ =
2 2
4 2 2 4
0
3 3 5 5
/ os 3sin 2 1 sin
10 / 3cos 4sin cos sin 0
11/ inx cos 7sin 2 1
12 / 2 2 sin 1
4
13/ Tm : 2 4(cos sinx)
14 / os2 5 2(2 cos )(sinx cos )
15 / os 2(sin os )
c x x x
x x x x
S x x
Sin x x
m cho PT Sin x x m c ng
C x x x
Sin x c x x c x
t
= +
+ =
+ =
| |
+ =
|
\ .
+ =
+ =
+ = +
Page 117 of 130
2 2
3 3
1
16 / 2cos 2 8cos 7 (1)
cos
17 / 4cos 3tan 4 3 cos 2 3 t anx 4 0
18/ 3 cos cos 1 2
19 / in os os2 . tan . tan
4 4
x x
x
x x x
x x
s x c x c x x x
t t
+ =
+ + + =
+ =
| | | |
= +
| |
\ . \ .
Bi II: Tm cc nghim thuc khong (2/5; 6/7) ca phng trnh:
3sin7 cos7 2 x x =
Bi III Tm m phng trnh sau c 4 nghim thuc khong (-;7/3):
sinx cos m x m + =
Bi IV: Gii cc phng trnh v bt phng trnh siu vit sau:
2 2
2
2
1
3 3
3
1 8
2
2
1 2
2 2
2
4 2
4 2
1/ 2 2log 4 log 8
2 / (3 1) log (3 3) 6
3/ 1 log (3 ) log ( 1) 0
4 / 9 .3 1 0
log ( ) 5
5 /
2log log 4
4 3 0
6 /
log log 0
x x
x
x x
x x x x
Log
Log
Log x x x
x y
x y
x y
x y
+
+ +
+ =
=
+ =
+ =
+ =
+ =
+ =
Page 118 of 130
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
3 2 3 2
2
2
2 4 1
2
2 3 6 3 5
1 2
3 1 3
3
1
1
1
2 1 2 1
4
2
3 5.6 4.2 0
7 /
( 2 )( 2 )
8 / log ( 2) log ( 5) log 8 0
9/ :2 15.2 2
10/ :log (2 1).log (2 2) 2log 2 0
11/ ( 5 2) 5 2
4
12 / 2 3 2 3
2 3
13/
x y x x y
x x x x
x x
x
x
x
x x x x
x y y y x y x
x x
Log
+ +
+
+
+
+ =
= + +
+ + + =
+ <
+ + + >
s +
+ + s
3
2 2
1 2 1
2
2 2
2 3
2 3
2
32
log 9log 4log ; : 0
8
log ( 1) log ( 1)
14 / 0
3 4
x
x x DK x
x
x x
x x
| |
| |
+ s >
| |
\ .
\ .
+ +
>
+
.Ht
Page 119 of 130
HDG LUYN TP S 10
Cc bi ton v phng trnh, bt phng trnh lng gic v phng trnh siu vit
(hm s m v logarit) xut hin trong cc k thi H rt nhiu. hc tt cc loi bi tp
ny cc em cn chun b cho mnh mt vn kin thc v cc cng thc rt k, l cc
cng thc lng gic v cc php bin i, i c s trong hm s m v hm s
logarit.
L luyn tp cui cng ri!
Chia tay nhau y, Anh chc cc em c mt k thi thnh cng! Goodluck!
3
2
2
2 2
1/ 4sin 1 3sin 3 os3x
1 3 1
sin3 3 os3 1 sin3 os3
2 2 2
2
18 3
sin 3 sin
2 3 6
2 3
2 / sin3 ( 3 2) os3 1
3 2 ( 3 2)(1 )
: tan 1 ( 3 1) 2 (3 3) 0
2 1 1
1
3
x x c
x c x x c x
k
x
x
k
x
x c x
x t t
Coi t t t
t t
t
t
t t
t t
t t
=
= =
= +
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .
= +
+ =
= + = + =
+ +
=
2 3
tan 1
6 3 2
3 2 2
tan 3
2 9 3
k x
x
x k
x
t t
t t
= + =
= = +
Page 120 of 130
3 3 2
3
3 2
3/ 4sin 3cos 3sin sin cos 0(1)
* t sinx 0 3cos 3 0
(1) 4 3cot 3(cot 1) cot 0
cot 1
1
4
cot
3
3 1
cot
3
x x x x x
X x
x x x
x
x k
x
x k
x
t
t
t
t
+ =
= = =
+ + =
= +
= +
3
4 / 2sin5 3 os3 sin3 0
3 1
3 os3 sin3 2sin5 os3 sin3 sin5
2 2
5
os 3 sin5 os( 5 )
6 2
5
3 5 2
6 2 24 4
2 5
3 5 2
3 6 2
5 / 2sin 4 3cos 2 16sin cos 5 0
2sin 4
x c x x
c x x x c x x x
c x x c x
k
x x k x
x k x x k
x x x x
t t
t t t t
t
t t t
t t
+ + =
+ = =
| |
+ = =
|
\ .
+ = + = +
= + = +
+ + =
2
3cos 2 8sin 2 .2sin 5 0
1 os2
2sin 4 3cos 2 8sin 2 . 5 0
2
2sin 4 3cos 2 4sin 2 2sin 4 5 0
3 4
3cos 2 4sin 2 5 cos 2 sin 2 1
5 5
3
cos
5
os(2 ) 1 ; ( );
4 2
sin
5
x x x x
c x
x x x
x x x x
x x x x
C x x k k
o
o
o t
o
+ + =
| |
+ + =
|
\ .
+ + =
+ = + =
= = + e
Page 121 of 130
( )( )
( )
3
3
2 3 2
2
3 2
2 2
2
6 / inx 4sin cos 0(1)
' : cos 0 inx 4sin 3 0
(1) t anx(1 tan ) 4tan 1 tan 0
t anx
t anx
t anx 1
1 3 2 1 0 4 3 1 0
7 / tan xsin 2sin 3 os2 sin x cos
, os
S x x
N u x S x
x x x
t
t
x k
t t t
t t t
x x c x x
Chia VT VP cho c x
t
t
+ =
= = =
+ + + =
=
= = +
+ + =
+ + + =
= +
( )
( )
( )( )
2 2
3 2
2
3 2 2
3 2
2
2
:
os sin sin x cos
tan 2tan 3
os
t anx
tan 2tan 3 1 tan t anx
3 3 0
t anx
t anx 1
4
1 3 0
t anx 3
3
8 / 2 2tan 3
, os :
2tan 2t
ta c
c x x x
x x
c x
t
x x x
t t t
x k
t
t t
x k
Sin x x
Chia VT VP cho c x ta c
x
t
t
t
t
+
=
=
= +
+ =
= +
=
=
+ =
=
= +
+ =
+
( )( )
2 2
3 2
2
tan
an (tan 1) 3(tan 1)
2 3 4 3 0
tan
t anx 1
1 2 3 0 4
t x
x x x
t t t
t x
x k
t t t
t
t
=
+ = +
+ =
= = +
+ =
Page 122 of 130
2 2
2 2
2
4 2 2 4
4 2 4
4 2
9 / os 3sin 2 1 sin
, os :1 2 3 t anx 2tan 1
t anx t anx 0
2 2 3 0 t anx 3
3
10 / 3cos 4sin cos sin 0
, os : 3 4tan tan 0
t anx
4 3 0
C x x x
Chia VT VP cho c x ta c x
k
t
x
k
t t
x x x x
Chia VT VP cho c x ta c x x
t
t t
t
t
t
= +
= +
= =
=
+
+ = =
+ =
+ =
=
+ =
2
2
tan 1
4
tan 3
3
x k
x
x
x k
t
t
t
t
= +
=
= +
2 2
11/ inx cos 7sin 2 1
: sinx cos ; ( 2)
sinx cos 1
7(1 ) 1 7 6 0
6
sinx cos
7
2
2
1
sin
2
4
2 3 2
;sin
7 2
3 2
sin 4
4 7
2
4
S x x
Coi t x t
x
t t t t
x
x k
x
x k
x k
x
x k
t
t
t
t t
o
t
o t
t
t
o t
+ =
= s
=
+ = =
=
= +
| |
=
= + |
\ .
= + +
| |
=
|
\ .
= +
Page 123 of 130
2
0
2
2
12 / 2 2 sin 1
4
: sinx cos ; ( 2)
2
4
0 0
1 1 2 sin 2
1 1 4 2
2
13/ Tm : 2 4(cos sinx)
: cos sinx; ( 2) 1 4
( )
Sin x x
Coi t x t
x k
t
t t x x k
t
x k
m cho PT Sin x x m c ng
Coi t x t t t m
m f t t
t
t
t
t t
t
t t
| |
+ =
|
\ .
= s
= +
=
| |
+ = = = +
|
=
\ .
= +
+ =
= s + =
= = +
2 2
4 1 '( ) 2 4 0; 2
( 2) ( 2) 4 2 1 4 2 1
14 / os2 5 2(2 cos )(sinx cos )
os2 5 4(sinx cos ) sin 2 os2 1
4((sinx cos ) sin 2 4 0
: sinx cos ; ( 2) 4 ( 1) 4 0 4 3 0
2 sin 1
4
t f t t t
f m f m
C x x x
C x x x c x
x x
Coi t x t t t t t
x
t
+ = + > s
s s s s
+ =
+ = + +
=
= s = + =
| |
=
|
\ .
( ) ( )
( )( )
3 3 5 5
3 2 3 2
2 2
2 1
sin
2
4
2
2
15 / os 2(sin os )
1 2sin os 2cos 1 0
os2 sinx cos sin sin x cos os 0
os2 0
4 2
k
x x
k
Sin x c x x c x
Sin x x c x x
c x x x x c x
k
c x x
t
t t
t t
t t
+
| |
= =
|
\ .
+
+ = +
+ =
+ =
= = +
Page 124 of 130
( ) ( )
3 2
2 2
2 2
1
16 / 2cos 2 8cos 7 (1)
cos
cos 1 2
cos ( )
: (1) ;
1
2 cos 2 4 8 5 1 0
2 3
17 / 4cos 3tan 4 3 cos 2 3 t anx 4 0(2)
: ; (2) 2cos 3 3 t anx 1 0
2
3
cos 2
2 6
t anx
x x
x
x x k
t x t
DK x k k
x x k t t t
x x x
DK x k x
x x k
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
+ =
= =
= =
= + e
= = + + =
+ + + =
= + + + =
= = +
=
( )
( )
2
6 1
6
3
18 / 3 cos cos 1 2
3 cos cos 1 2 4 cos 1 2(cos 1)
2(cos 1) 0;
: cos 1 0 cos 1 2
4 cos 1;
x k k
x k
x x
x x x x
x x
Do x x x k k
x x
t
t
t
t
t t
= + e
= +
+ =
= + + + = +
+ s
+ = = = + e
( )( ) ( )( )
3 3
2
2
19 / in os os2 . tan . tan
4 4
sinx- cos 1 sin x cos os2 sinx- cos 1 sin x cos sinx cos 0
sinx- cos 0 sin 0
4 4
sinx cos ( 2)
1 sin x cos sinx cos 0
1
1 0 2 1
2
S x c x c x x x
x x c x x x x
x x x k
t x t
x x
t
t t t
t t
t t
t
| | | |
= +
| |
\ . \ .
+ = + + + =
| |
= = = +
|
\ .
= + s
+ + + =
+ + = + +
( )
0 1
4
4
2 ;
1
2
sin
2
4
2
t
x k
x k
x k k
x
x k
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t t
= =
= +
= +
= + e
| |
+ =
|
= +
\ .
Bi II:
Tm cc nghim thuc khong (2/5; 6/7) ca phng trnh:
Page 125 of 130
3sin7 cos7 2 x x =
Gii:
1
5 2
3 1 2
84 7
sin 7 os7 sin 7 sin ; ( )
11 2 2 2 2 6 4
84 7
5 2 2 5 2 6 2 5 2 6 5
* :
84 7 5 84 7 7 5 84 7 7 84
53
2
84
11 2 2 11 2 6 2 11 2 6 11
* :
84 7 5 84 7 7 5 84 7 7 84
k
x
PT x c x x k
k
x
k k k
Khi x
k x
k k k
Khi x
t t
t t
t t
t t t t t t
t
t t t t t t
= +
| |
= = e
|
\ .
= +
2 3
35 59
1, 2 ;
84 84
k x x
t t
= = =
Bi III:
Tm m phng trnh sau c 4 nghim thuc khong (-;7/3):
sinx cos m x m + =
Gii:
cos 1 0 2
sinx (1 cos )
sinx sinx
(*)
1 cos 1 cos
x x v x
PT m x
m m
x x
t = = =
=
= =
Vy phng trnh ban u c 4 nghim th (*) phi c 2 nghim phn bit thuc
khong (-;7/3).
Nhng s nghim ca (*)thuc khong (-;7/3) li chnh l s giao im ca
ng thng y=m vi th (C) c phng trnh:
( )
2
sinx 7
;
1 cos 3
cos 1
t m: ' 0
1 cos
y tr n D
x
x
X h y x D
x
t
t
| |
= =
|
\ .
= < e
Da vo bng bin thin ta c:
0
3; 0 4 m m PT c ng > s
Bi IV:
Page 126 of 130
2
2
2
2 2 2
2
1
3 3
3
3 3
1/ 2 2log 4 log 8
0
K:
1
log
1 4 6
1 4 6
log 1 log 1 log
1 1
log 1 2
2 / (3 1) log (3 3) 6
K: 3 1 0 3
log (3 1)
(3 1) log (3 1) 1 6
( 1) 6
l
x x
x
x x
x
x
x x
C u Log
x
x
t x
PT
x x x
t t t
x x
C u Log
x
t
PT Log
t t
+
+ =
>
+ =
+ + + =
+ +
= =
=
> >
=
( + =
+ =
2 2
3 3
3
3
3
1 8
2
2
2 2 2
2
1
1 28
og (3 1) 3 3 1 log
27 27
log (3 1) 2
log 10
3 1 9
3/ 1 log (3 ) log ( 1) 0
K:1 3
log ( 1) log (3 ) log ( 1)
1 17
( 1)(3 ) ( 1) 4 0
2
4 / 9 .3
x x
x
x
x x x
x
x
C u Log x x x
x
PT x x x
x x x x x x
C u
+ +
= = =
=
=
+ =
s s
+ + =
+ = = =
2
2 2
2
1
2( 1) 1
2
2
1 2
1 0
3
10
3 .3 1 0
10
3
1 0
3
0
3 1 1
1
3 1 1
2
x
x x
x x x x
t
PT
t t
x
t x x
x
t x x
x
+
+ +
+ =
+ =
+ =
= + =
=
= + =
=
Page 127 of 130
2 2
2
4 2
2 2 2
2
4 2
4 2
log ( ) 5
5 / . K: , 0
2log log 4
8 8 16 0 4 32
16 4( ) 16 8 16 0
4 3 0
6 / K: , 0
log log 0
4 3
4 3 0
log log
x y
C u x y
x y
x y X X x y x y
HPT
xy x y loai xy X X
x y
C u x y
x y
x y
x y
HPT
x y
x y
+ =
>
+ =
+ = + = = = + =
= = = = + + =
+ =
>
=
+ =
2
3 2 3 2
2
3 2 3 2
3 2 3 2
4 3 (1;1)
(3;9) 4 3 0 0
3 5.6 4.2 0
, 0
7 / K:
( 2 )( 2 )
3 5.6 4.2 0
(2 )( 2 )
3 5.6 4.2 0
2 (2 )( 2 )(
x y x x y
x y x x y
x y x x y
x y
y y
x y
C u
x y
x y y y x y x
HPT
x y y y x y x
x y y x y x x y y
=
+ = =
+ =
>
>
= + +
+ =
= +
+ =
= + +
3 2 3 2
3 2 3 2
3 2 3 2 2
)
3 5.6 4.2 0
3 5.6 4.2 0
2 0
(2 )[( 2 )( ) 1] 0
(do 2 )( ) 1 0)
3 5.6 4.2 0 3 5.
2
x y x x y
x y x x y
x y x x y x
y x
y x y x x y y
y x x y y
y x
+ =
+ =
=
+ + + =
+ + + =
+ =
2
2 2 2
3 3
3
2 2
2
6 4.2 0 (1)
2 (2)
3
( ) 1
3 3
2
(1) : 3 5.6 4.2 0 ( ) 5.( ) 4 0
3 2 2
( ) 4
2
0
1
(0; 0), log 4; log 4
log 4
2
x x
x
x x x x x
x
y x
Giai
x
S
x
+ =
+ + = + =
| |
=
` |
=
\ .
)
Page 128 of 130
2
2 4 1
2
2 2
2 2
2
2
8 / log ( 2) log ( 5) log 8 0
2
K:
5
log ( 2) 5 log 8 ( 2) 5 8
( 3 18)( 3 2) 0
3 18 0
3 17
3; 6;
2
3 2 0
3 17
6;
2
C u x x
x
x
PT x x x x
x x x x
x x
x x x
x x
S
+ + + =
>
+ ( = + =
=
=
= = =
=
`
)
2 3 6 3 5
2( 3 5) 4 3 5
3 5
2
2 2
3 5 4
2
9: 2 15.2 2
2 15.2 2
2
: 2 16 15 16 15 0
, 0
( )(16 ) 0 ( 0) 2 2
16
1
3 5 4 3 1 1
2 0
x x x x
x x x x
x
x
x x
C u
BPT
a
a
Coi b a b a ab b
b
a b
b
a b a b a Do a b
x
x x x x x
x x
+ +
+ + +
+
+
+ <
+ <
= + < + <
>
+ >
( )
1 2
3 1 3
3
2
3 3 3 3
2 2 3
3
3 3 3
3 3
10:log (2 1).log (2 2) 2log 2 0
log (2 1). log (2 1) log 2 2log 2 0
log (2 1)
: 2 0 ( )( 2 ) 0
log 2
1
log (2 1) 2log 2 log
4 2 2
log (2 1) log 2
x x
x x
x
x
x
x
C u
BPT
a
Coi b ab b a b a b
b
b a b
+
+ + + >
+ + + + >
= +
> + <
| |
+ > =
|
< <
\ .
+ <
1 2 0 x + < <
Page 129 of 130
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
2 1 2 1
2 1 2
2 1 2
2
2
11/ ( 5 2) 5 2
5 2 ( 5 2) 5 2 1 ( 5 2) ( 5 2)
1
1
1
2 1 1
4
12: 2 3 2 3
2 3
1 4 1
2 3 2 3 4
2 3
2 3 2 3
2 3
4 1 0
x
x
x
x
x
x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x
C u
Do v n n
x
x
x
x x
C u
BPT
t
t t
+
+
+
s +
+ = < s
>
>
s s +
+ + s
+ s + s
+ s
2
2
1
2 1 0
2 3 2 3 1 2
2 1 0
1 2
x
x x
t x
x x
x
=
>
s s + > +
+ s
( ) ( ) ( )
3
4 2 2
2 1 2 1
2
2 2
2
4 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
4 2 2 4 2
2
32
13: log 9log 4log ; : 0
8
9 log 1 9 log 32 log 4log 0
log log 3 log 2
2 log 3
9( 1) 9(5 2 ) 4 0 13 36 0
1 1
8 4
4 8
x
C u Log x x DK x
x
BPT Log x x x x
t x t x x
x
t t t t t t
x
x
| |
| |
+ s >
| |
\ .
\ .
+ s
= = s s
s s
+ s + s
s s
s s
2 3
2 3
2 2
2 3 3 3 2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1 0 1
log ( 1) log ( 1)
14: 0; :
4 3 4 3 4 0
2log ( 1) 3log ( 1) (log 9 log 8) log ( 1)
0 0
3 4 3 4
log ( 1) 0
3 4 0
log ( 1)
0
3 4 log ( 1) 0
3 4 0
x x
x x
C u DK
x x x x x
x x x
BPT
x x x x
x
x x
x
x x x
x x
+ > > + +
>
= + + =
+ + +
> >
+ +
+ >
+ >
+
>
+ + <
+ <
2
2
( 1) 1
3 4 0
4
1 0
( 1) 1
3 4 0
x
x x
x
x
x
x x
+ >
+ >
>
< <
+ <
+ >
.Ht
Page 130 of 130