LI CM N

i u tin em xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c gio hng dn v ch bo

ht sc tn tnh trong thi gian em lm n Mn Hc I va qua. c bit l
khoa C in in T to iu kin thun li nht cho em hon thnh
n ny. Em cng v cng bit n thy NGUYN TRNG HI l ngi trc
tip hng dn v ch bo ht sc tn tnh cho em hon thnh n Thit K
V Thi Cng Mch iu Khin T Xa Bng Tia Hng Ngoi ny.
V l ln u lm n, thit k v thi cng mch vi kin thc v thi gian
c hn nn s khng trnh khi nhiu sai st. Vi c mong hc hi, em rt
mong nhn c s gp ca cc thy c gio ch bo hng dn thm c
th rt kinh nghim cho ln sau lm c tt hn.

Em xin chn thnh cm n!

TP. H Ch Minh, ngy 22 thng 12 nm 2010

Sinh vin thc hin

Trn Anh Tun

LI M U
Vi s pht trin khng ngng ca khoa hc k thut ngy cng c nhiu thit b in
t, ng c vv cn c iu khin t xa tin ch v an ton cho ngi s dng. Ngy
nay cc thit b iu khin t xa gn nh l mt phn khng th thiu ca rt nhiu thit b
in, my mc , ng c invv. V p ng nhu cu ny em xin trnh by mt mch
in n gin gip ta tt m cc ti s dng in p xoay chiu c in p t 0 n 220V
(hoc mt chiu t 0 n 28V) mt cch d dng, tin li v an ton cho ngi s dng v
khng cn phi n gn ng m in p cao.
Qu trnh nghin cu v thit k mch ny da trn nhng kin thc rt c bn v in
in T nhng kt qu hot ng ca mch rt tt, mch ny c nhu u im nh c th
ng ngt cc thit b s dng in p cao, an ton cho ngi s dng v mch iu khin s
dng in p thp ( mch pht l 9V, mch thu 6V ), mch thit k n gin nhng c kt qu
hot ng tt, n nh. C th pht trin thm iu khin nhiu thit b hn(s dng cc IC
s, mch m ha v gii m).
Phn trnh by chi tit v mch iu khin t xa bng tia hng ngoi c chia lm hai
phn.
+ Phn th nht: gii thiu chung v nh sng hng ngoi v nguyn tc thu pht hng
ngoi.
+ Phn th hai: s khi ca mch, miu t nguyn l hot ng ca s khi da
trn ngyn l thu pht hng ngoi v ngyn l hot ng ca mch to dao ng dng IC 555,
cch iu khin cc ti c in p cao
+ Phn th ba: tnh ton thit k mch, cc thng s c trng ca cc linh kin chnh
trong mch, s nguyn l tng th ca mch, cch hot ng ca mch v tc dng ca
tng linh kin trong mch.
TP. H Ch Minh, ngy 22 thng 12 nm 2010
Sinh vin thc hin

Trn Anh Tun

MC LC
3

TIU

TRANG

Li Cm n------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
Li M u -----------------------------------------------------------------------------2
PHN I: Gii Thiu Chung V nh Sng Hng Ngoi V Nguyn Tc Thu
Pht Hng Ngoi ------------------------------------------------------------4
PHN II: S Khi, Nguyn L Hot ng Ca S Khi, Mch Dao
ng Dng IC 555 --------------------------------------------------------I S Khi -------------------------------------------------------------------1/ Mch Pht----------------------------------------------------------------2/ Mch Thu-----------------------------------------------------------------II Nguyn L Hot ng -----------------------------------------------------1/ Mch Pht----------------------------------------------------------------2/Mch Thu-----------------------------------------------------------------III Kin Thc H Tr----------------------------------------------------------1/ IC 555 V Mch Dao ng Dng IC 555----------------------------2/ Led Thu V Pht Hng Ngoi-----------------------------------------3/ Diode Zener -------------------------------------------------------------4/ Transistor ----------------------------------------------------------------5/ IC CD4017 --------------------------------------------------------------6/ Thit B iu Khin Ti C in p Cao --------------------------PHN III: Tnh Ton Thit K Mch, Thng S Ca Linh Kin Trong Mch,
Chi Tit Nguyn L Hot ng Ca Mch, Tng Kt Mch---------------------I Tnh Ton Thit K Mch V Thng S Ca Linh Kin Trong Mch1/ Mch Pht----------------------------------------------------------------2/ Mch Thu------------------------------------------------------------------

II S Chi Tit, Nguyn L Hot ng Ca Mch Sau Khi Tnh

Ton Thit K Hon Chnh-----------------------------------------------1/ Mch Pht----------------------------------------------------------------2/ Mch Thu-----------------------------------------------------------------III Tng Kt Mch-------------------------------------------------------------1/ Mch Hot ng Ra Sao-----------------------------------------------2/ u Khuyt im Ca Mch-------------------------------------------3/ Cch Khc Phc Cc Mt Hn Ch Ca Mch, Pht Trin Mch
Ln Cao Hn

PHN I
5

GII THIU CHUNG V NH SNG HNG

NGOI V NGUYN TC THU PHT HNG
NGOI
Khi nim v tia hng ngoi :
-

nh sng hng ngoi (tia hng ngoi) l nh sng khng th nhn thy c
bng mt thng , c bc sng khong t 0.86m n 0.98m . Tia hng
ngoi c vn tc truyn bng vn tc nh sng .

Tia hng ngoi c th truyn i c nhiu knh tn hiu. N c ng dng

rng ri trong cng nghip.Lng thng tin c th t 3 mega bit /s .Lng
thng tin c truyn i vi nh sng hng ngoi ln gp nhiu ln so vi
sng in t m ngi ta vn dng .

Tia hng ngoi d b hp th , kh nng xuyn thu km . Trong iu khin

t xa bng tia hng ngoi , chm tia hng ngoi pht i hp , c hng , do
khi thu phi ng hng .

Sng hng ngoi c nhng c tnh quan trng ging nh nh sng ( s hi

t qua thu knh , tiu c ) . nh sng thng v nh sng hng ngoi
khc nhau rt r trong s xuyn sut qua vt cht . C nhng vt cht ta thy
n di mt mu xm c nhng vi nh sng hng ngoi n tr nn xuyn
sut . V vt liu bn dn trong sut i vi nh sng hng ngoi , tia hng
ngoi khng b yu i khi n vt qua cc lp bn dn i ra ngoi .

Nguyn tc thu pht hng ngoi :

-

Vic s dng c tia hng ngoi rt hay v n ph bin v khng b nh

hng bi t trng, v th n c s dng tt trong truyn thng v iu
khin.

Nhng n khng hon ho, mt s vt pht hng ngoi rt mnh lm nh

hng n truyn thng v iu khin nh quang ph mt tri.

- Kh khn khi s dng hng ngoi lm REMOTE iu khin TV/VCR hoc

nhng ng dng khc v linh kin rt tn km.
-

Vic thu hoc pht bc x hng ngoi bng nhiu phng tin khc nhau, c
th nhn tia hng ngoi t nh sng mt tri. Nhiu th c th pht tia hng
ngoi nh: l bc x, l in, n, c th ngi,
6

c th truyn tia hng ngoi tt phi trnh xung nhiu bt buc phi dng
m pht v nhn n nh xc nh xem l xung truyn hay nhiu. Tn
s lm vic tt nht t 30 KHz n 60 KHz, nhng thng s dng khong
36 KHz tc l nh sng hng ngoi truyn 36000 ln/1s khi truyn mc 0
hay mc 1.

Dng tn s 36 KHz truyn tn hiu hng ngoi th d, nhng kh thu v

gii m phi s dng b lc ly ng tn s pht sao cho tn hiu ng ra
l xung vung, nu ng ra c xung ngha l nhn c tn hiu ng vo.

PHN II:

S KHI, NGUYN L HOT NG,

MCH DAO NG DNG IC 555
I S Khi :
1/ Mch Pht :
Khi To Dao
ng C
iu Kin

Khi
Khuch i
Tn Hiu

Khi Chc
Nng

Thit B
Pht

2/ Mch Thu :
Khi To in
p Chun

Khi To Dao
ng C iu
Kin

Thit B Thu

II Nguyn L Hot ng :

Khi To Chu
K iu
Khin

Khi Thit B
iu Khin
Ti

1/ Mch Pht :
- Khi Chc Nng: lm nhim v cung cp ngun cho cc khi khc,
c nt nhn ng m ngun v cng l nt iu khin.

Khi To Dao ng C iu Kin: lm nhim v to xung khi khi

chc nng cung cp ngun, tn s xung bng vi tn s thu ca thit
b thu ca mch thu.

- Khi Khuch i: lm nhim v khuch i xung tn hiu cp

cho thit b pht.
- Thit B Pht: bin i cc xung tn hiu c khuch i thnh
nh sng hng ngoi c tn s pht bng tn s ca xung tn hiu v
bng tn s thu ca thit b thu.

2/Mch Thu :
-

Thit B Thu: bin i di tn nh sng hng ngoi thu c thnh

tn hiu xung.

Khi To in p Chun: xung ca thit b thu c bin i thnh

mc in p chun kch khi to dao ng c iu kin hot
ng.

- Khi To Dao ng C iu Kin: bn trong c mch so snh in

p khi nhn thy in p do khi to in p chun a vo mc
in p chun th to mt xung.
-

Khi To Chu K iu Khin: lm nhim v m xung do khi to

dao ng c iu kin to ra v quay vng iu khin nu c xung
th nht vo th kch m khi iu khin ti, c xung th hai vo th
tt khi iu khin ti, c nh vy quay vng chu k m xung.

- Khi Thit B iu Khin Ti: khi c khi to chu k iu khin

kch m th kch m ti, khi b khi to chu k iu khin tt th tt
ti.

III Kin Thc H Tr:

1/ IC 555 V Mch Dao ng Dng
IC 555:
+ Chn s 1:Cho ni GND ly dng cp cho
IC hay chn cn gi l chn chung.
+ Chn s 2: TRIGGER (kch khi). im nhy
mc vi 1/3Vcc . Khi in p chn ny di
1/3Vcc th ng ra ca FF xung [0] gy cho
9

chn 3 mt trng thi cao.

+ Chn s 3:OUTPUT (ra). Thng mc thp v chuyn thnh mc cao trong
khong thi gian nh th. V tng ra tch cc c 2 chiu, n th cp hoc ht
dng ln n 200mA
+ Chn s 4:RESET. Khi in p chn ny nh hn 0.4V chu k nh th b
ngt a IC v trng thi khng c kch. y l chc nng u tin 555 khng
th b kch tr khi in p chn ny c gii phng (>1V). Khi khng s dng
ni chn 4 ln Vcc.
+ Chn s 5:CONTROL VOLTAGE (in p iu khin). Bn trong l im
2/3Vcc. Mt in tr ni t hoc in p ngoi c th c ni vo chn 5
thay i cc im tham kho (chun ) ca comparator. Khi khng s dng cho
mc ch ny ta nn gn vo 1 t ni t 0.01F cho tt c cc ng dng nhm
lc cc xung nh nhiu ngun cp
in v gi cho in p chun c n
nh.
+ Chn s 6:THRESHOLD (ngng)
im nhy vi mc 2/3Vcc. Khi in p
chn ny >2/3Vcc. FF reset lm cho
chn 3 trng thi thp v cng c
dng nh 1 chn cht.
+ Chn s 7:DISCHAGER (x) y l
cc thu ca transistor, thng c dng
x t nh th. V dng collector b
gii hn, n c th dng vi cc t rt
ln (>1000 F ) khng b h.
+ Chn s 8: Vcc. in p cp ngun
cho IC c th t 4,5 n 16V so vi chn Mass. Vic nh th tng i c lp
vi in p ny.
Cu to ca NE555 (IC 555): gm OP-amp so snh in p, mch lt v
transistor x in. Cu to ca IC n gin nhng hot ng tt. Bn trong
gm 3 in tr mc ni tip chia in p Vcc thnh 3 phn. Cu to ny to nn
in p chun. in p 1/3 Vcc ni vo chn dng ca Op-amp 1 v in p
2/3 Vcc ni vo chn m ca Op-amp 2. Khi in p chn 2 nh hn 1/3 Vcc,
chn S = [1] v FF c kch. Khi in p chn 6 ln hn 2/3 Vcc, chn R ca
FF = [1] v FF c reset

10

 Mch Dao ng Dng IC 555:

Nguyn tc hot ng:

T C np: V2(in p chn 2) bng VC (in

p trn t)=0 v <1/3 Vcc Vout = Vcc ,
chn 7 h, n =(R1+R2)C.

T C x: VC tip tc tng n khi VC >2/3Vcc

Vout =0, chn 7 ni mass t x qua R2
qua transistor ca chn 7 xung mass, x
=R2C.

Ta c: ton= n.ln2=Tm
toff = x.ln2=Ts

Kt qu cui cng: Ng ra OUT c tn hiu dao ng dng sng vung, c chu

k n nh:T=Tm+Ts v tn s f=1/T

T = Thi gian ca mt chu k ton phn tnh bng (s)

f = Tn s dao ng tnh bng (Hz)
R1 = in tr tnh bng ohm (W )
R2 = in tr tnh bng ohm ( W )
C = T in tnh bng Fara ( W )
T = Tm + Ts : chu k ton phn
Tm = ln2.( R1 + R2 ).C : thi gian in mc cao
Ts = ln2.R2.C : thi gian in mc thp.

Mch n n IC55:
Vi cu to ca IC NE555 nh hnh bn
ta c:
chn s 2 thnh mt chn iu khin
tt m ng ra ( chn 3) ca IC th R
trong FF phi bng [ 0], c ngha l
11

chn 2 xung mc [ 0]. Lc ny, RC ng vai tr np x cho IC gip IC gi

trng thi trong mt khong thi gian nht nh.
Chn thi gian IC hot ng khi c kch l 30s, C = 100uF th:

2/ Led Thu V Pht Hng Ngoi:

nh sng hng ngoi (tia hng ngoi) c
pht ra t Led l nh sng khng th nhn thy
c bng mt thng, c bc sng khong
t 0.86m n 0.98m. Tia hng ngoi c vn
tc truyn bng vn tc nh sng v c thu
li theo ng tn s bng mt s thit thu:
TSOP1738 (38Khz), TSOP1736 (36Khz)
Diode thu quang hot ng ch
phn cc nghch, v diode c mt ming thu
tinh nh sng chiu vo mi P - N , dng in ngc qua diode t l
thun vi cng nh sng chiu vo diode.
Trong mch n ny em dng thit b cm l mt
mt thu tn hiu remote ca tivimt thu ny gm c
chn gm 2 chn ngun v 1 chn tn hiu, n l
mt dng my thu iu bin AM ngi ta ng
led thu vo thnh 1 con ic chuyn dng.
ngun cp cho mt thu l ngun 5v

3/ Diode Zener:
Cu to : Diode Zener c cu to tng t Diode thng nhng c hai
lp bn dn P - N ghp vi nhau, Diode Zener c ng dng trong ch
phn cc ngc, khi phn cc thun Diode zener nh diode thng
12

nhng khi phn cc ngc Diode zener s gim li mt mc in p c

nh bng gi tr ghi trn diode.

Hnh dng Diode Zener ( Dz )

Nu U1 < Dz th khi U1 thay i p trn Dz cng thay i
Nu U1 > Dz th khi U1 thay i => p trn Dz khng i.

S trn minh ho ng dng ca Dz, ngun U1 l ngun c in p

thay i, Dz l diode n p, R1 l tr hn dng.Ta thy rng khi ngun U1 >
Dz th p trn Dz lun lun c nh cho d ngun U1 thay i. Khi ngun U1
thay i th dng ngc qua Dz thay i, dng ngc qua Dz c gi tr gii
hn khong 30mA. Thng thng ngi ta s dng ngun U1 > 1,5 => 2 ln
Dz v lp tr hn dng R1 sao cho dng ngc ln nht qua Dz < 30mA.

4/ Transistor:
1/ k hiu

2/ cu to
Transistor c hnh thnh t ba lp bn dn ghp vi
nhau hnh thnh hai mi tip gip P-N , nu ghp theo th t
PNP ta c Transistor thun , nu ghp theo th t NPN ta
c Transistor ngc. v phng din cu to Transistor tng
13

ng vi hai Diode u ngc chiu nhau. Cu trc ny c

gi l Bipolar Junction Transitor (BJT) v dng in chy trong
cu trc ny bao gm c hai loi in tch m v dng (Bipolar
ngha l hai cc tnh).

Ba lp bn dn c ni ra thnh ba cc, lp gia gi l cc gc

k hiu l B (Base), lp bn dn B rt mng v c nng tp
cht thp.
Hai lp bn dn bn ngoi c ni ra thnh cc pht (Emitter)
vit tt l E, v cc thu hay cc gp (Collector) vit tt l C,
vng bn dn E v C c cng loi bn dn (loi N hay P ) nhng
c kch thc v nng tp cht khc nhau nn khng hon v
cho nhau c
3/ Nguyn tc hot ng ca Transitor
Trong ch tuyn tnh hay cn gi l ch khuych i,
Transitor l phn t khuych i dng in vi dng Ic bng
ln dng bazo (dng iu khin ) Trong l h s khuych
i dng in .
Ic = IB
5/ CD4017
CD4017 l dng CMOS dng m xung thp phn. N c th m xung sn
dng v sn m v kt thc 1 chu k m t ng Reset. N c ng dng
nhiu vo trong cc ng dng nh : iu khin t ng, lm cc cng c m
nhc, in t y sinh, h thng cnh bo, in t cng nghip, v thit b o t
xa..
14

a) S kiu chn v tc dng ca cc chn :

+ T chn 3,2,4,7,10,1,5,6,9,11 tng ng vi 10 xung u ra theo th t 0 n
9 ca CD4017. Cc chn ny c xut ra mc 1 khi s xung c m tng
ng vi th t cc chn u ra.
+ Chn 15 l chn Reset. Khi chn ny tc ng mc 1 th chu k m s b
Reset v u.
+ Chn 14 l chn xung u vo v dng m
sn dng khi dng th ni chn 13 xung
mass.
+ Chn 13 l chn xung u vo v m sn
m khi dng th ni chn 14 ln ngun.
+ Chn 12 l chn xung bo hiu l m xong
1 chu k m ( C ngha l khi CD4017 m t 1
n 5 th chn 12 mc 1 v CD4017 m t 6
n 10 th chn 12 mc 0).
+ Chn 8 v 16 l chn cp mass v ngun.
b) Bng gi tr ca CD401

Nhn vo bng trn ta thy c CD4017 n m xung vo nh th ny : Khi

xung u vo sn dng u tin th xung u tin c m v khi xung
15

u vo xung mc 0 th chn 3 vn gi trng thi l mc 1. Khi xung u

vo li n sn dng th 2 ca xung th 2 th ngay lp tc xung th 2
c m v chn 3 xung mc 0 ng thi chn 2 ln mc 1. C nh th n
m n Output 9 l kt thc 1 chu k m v quay tr v chu k mi.
Nhn vo bng m m ti 10 th chn Reset lun phi mc 0 v chn
13 phi mc m.
C) Ch : CD4017 n c th m c 2 mc : m sn m v m
sn dng
+ Nu m m sn dng th :Clock vo chn 14 v Chn 13 phi ni
xung t
+ Nu m sn m th : Clock c vo chn 13 v Chn 14 phi c ni
ln Vcc
+ CD4017 khng ch m t 1 n 10. N c th m t 1 n 2 hay n 3
ri quay tr li....Nhng ln nht l 10 da vo chn Reset .

6/ Thit B iu Khin Ti C in p Cao:

-

C nhiu thit b c th iu khin ti c in p cao nh: tric, rle, vv.

- Tric: khi c mt dng kch m th n m lun cho ti hot ng v khng

th t ngt khi khng cn dng kch m.
-

Rle: khi c dng qua cun dy th cun dy s sinh ra t ht cng tc chm

vo tip im kn mch lm ti hot ng, khi khng c dng qua cun dy
th s khng c t gi cng tc na do cng tc s bt ra gy h mch
v tt ti.

16

PHN III:
TNH TON THIT K MCH, THNG S CA
LINH KIN TRONG MCH, CHI TIT NGUYN L
HOT NG CA MCH, TNG KT MCH
I Tnh Ton Thit K Mch V Thng S Ca Linh Kin Trong
Mch
1/ Mch Pht:
S

T E

T R

R 1
4 7 0

T T E

C 1
0 0 u

/ 2

5 VR 2
1 . 8

C
N

I R
E

I R
E

T R
T H

C 2
0 . 0 1

G
R

u F

T 1
4B C

5 4

3
E O5 5U 5 T
1

2
6

G N D

9 V

R ST

1
4

I T C

VC C

R
4

C V

0 0

3
7 0
B

. 0
C

1 u
3

T 2
C 5 4
R
8

5
. 2

Trong mch ny gm cc phn:

+ Ngun 9 volt (BATTERY 9V)
+ Nt nhn SW1 (iu khin nhn l cp ngun cho mch pha sau pht
tn hiu n mch thu)
+ T C1 lu in v khi ta nhn xong ri bung ra t x in mch
tip tc pht tn hiu n mch thu m bo cho mch thu nhn c tn hiu v
khi ta nhn xong v bung ra nhanh c th khin cho mch thu khng kp nhn
tn hiu.
+Mch to xung gm: R1,R2,C2,C3, IC NE555 to ra dao c tn s
bng tn s thu ca led thu
+ R3, Led 1 pht bo cho ta bit c tn hiu ra mch dao ng khi
nhn SW1
+ R4, R5, T1 v T2 (hai transistor BC 547) to thnh mch khuch i
tn hiu ra ca mch to dao ng cho led pht.
17

+ IR LED 1, IR LED 2 hai led pht hng ngoi nhn tn tn hiu dao
ng c khuch i pht thnh tn hiu hng ngoi c tn s bng tn s
tn hiu m mch to dao ng to a ra
Tao xung c tn s bng tn s thu ca led thu hng ngoi 1736 (36Khz, 3 chn)

Vi tn s dao ng 36khz
Ta c cng thc:
F==
F l tn s dao ng m mch to dao ng pha trn cn to ra (36khz)
Chn C1 =0,01uF
36000=R1+2R2=4000
Chn R1=470
2R2=4000-470=3530
R2=1765
Tnh in tr hn dng cho led
+in p qua led m led c th chu c l t 1.8-3v v dng qua led l 10mA
=> chn in p qua led 2v vi dng qua led 10mA

R3= 158mA2 = 0.4k = 400(ohm) =0,6k=600(ohm)

Chn R3=470 (ohm)
18

Mch khuch i dng cho led pht hng ngoi

+dng nh lut kirchoff 2 cho mi ni BE:
Ta c: ICR4/+2V +Ic .R5 =8V
Vi V=0,6v => ICR4+ Ic .R5=6.8v
M ta c: IC2 = 2IB (2)
Chn IC2 = 0.8A
Vi ca BC547 o c l 250
=> R4=100k
=>R5=8.2 ohm

2/ Mch Thu:

S
H

5U 5 T5

Q
B

1
C

/ 2

1
R
R

I R
L E

C
V
0

. 0

K
Q

F
3

4- 1

1
1 3
R
1 2
2 7 0

1
2

D
u

1
1

2
3C
2 C

2
1

T
B

2
1

C
3

3
O Q U 0 T
K E

F
8

8
1

1 0 0 u F /2 5 V

CV

GND

GND

T SO P1736

VCC

EO

1 5
S4 T
2

0
1

/ 2

D
T

U I TN

16

LO A D

7
6

VDD

9U

C D 4017B

8R
1

GND

R
V R

. 2

R
L

GND

3
4
8

I C

17 k

R ST
VCC

1 0 0 u F /2 5 V

Mch gm:
+ Ngun : IC 7806, t 1uF, t 100uF. IC 7806 to ngun 6V v relay ch
c loi 6V v 12V nn ta phi lm ngun 6V cung cp cho relay ri sau
li dng diode zenner 5,2 V v t 100uF cp ngun 5V cho led thu
TSOP 1736.
+ Mch iu khin tt m gm mch lc thng thp ( t 100uF v in tr
270 ohm) v Q1 (transistor BC558) v in tr R8 lm nhim v khi led
19

thu nhn c tn hiu th tc ng n chn 2 ca IC 555 ko chn 2

xung mass dn n mch n n to ra 1 xung chn 3 ca ic 555
+ CD 4017 lm nhim v m xung m mch n n to ra khi mi m
ngun chn Q0 mc cao khin led sang, khi nhn xung th 1 chn Q0
xung mc thp v Q1 ln mc cao cp ngun cho relay m ti(relay
6V c th m iu khin tt/m ti AC 220V, khi nhn xung th 2 chn
Q0, Q1 mc thp chn Q2 mc cao, do chn Q2 c n vi chn 15 ca
ic l chn reset nn ic reset li trng thi ban u lc mi m ngun.
1. iu khin tt m
Vi o c l 380
Trong thit k ta thng la chn R2=R1
Chn R1 = 270 (ohm) => R2 = 10k

Chn R8=18k

2. Mch n n

Vi cu to ca IC NE555 nh hnh trn :

chn s 2 thnh mt chn iu khin tt m ng ra
( chn 3) ca IC555 th R trong FF phi bng [ 0], c ngha l
chn 2 xung mc [ 0]. Lc ny, RC ng vai tr np x cho
IC gip IC gi trng thi trong mt khong thi gian nht
nh.

20

Chn thi gian IC hot ng khi c kch l 1s, C = 100uF

th:
R5 = 0.4 / 22.10 6 = 18k

t = R5C2

3. Tnh in tr hn dng cho led

R3=(6-2)/0.012=270(ohm)

Chn R3=270 (ohm)

NGUYN L HOT NG CA MCH

+ Nguyn l hot ng ca mch rt n gin, mch thu lun c cp

bi ngun DC 6v. khi khng nhn c nh sng hng ngoi th ca B
ca transistor b tc ng mc in p cao lc ny transistor khng
hot ng, in p trn ngun tc ng mc cao vo chn s 2 ca
IC555 dn n chn s 3 (chn out ) ca IC555 tc ng mc thp=>
led khng sng.
+khi led nhn nhn c nh sng hng ngoi t mch pht dn n
chn s 3 ( chn out ) ca led nhn tc ng in p mc thp lc ny
transistor hot ng, in p ngun s qua transistor xung mass khi
chn s 2 ca IC555 b tc ng mc thp ng thi chn s 3 ca
IC tc ng mc in p cao v tc ng xung qua IC 4017 => chn 2
l n mc cao kich cho con bc547 dn rle kch dn =>led sng.

II S Chi Tit, Nguyn L Hot ng Ca Mch

Sau Khi Tnh Ton Thit K Hon Chnh
1/ Mch Pht:

21

T E

T R

R 1
4 7 0

I T C

T T E

/ 2

5 VR 2
1 . 8

T 1
4B C

R
1

2
6

I R
E

I R
E

T R
T H

C 2
0 . 0 1

5 4

3
E O5 5U 5 T

N
G
R

R
4

C V

u F

0 0

3
7 0

T 2
C 5 4

R
8

C 1
0 0 u

G N D

9 V

R ST

1
4

VC C

. 0

1 u

5
. 2

2/ Mch Thu:

S
H

3
5U 5 T5

EO

Q
B

1
C

8
1

/ 2

1
R
R

I R
L E

C
V
0

. 0

K
Q

F
3

4- 1

1
1 3
R
1 2
2 7 0

1
2

D
u

1
1

2
3C
2 C

2
1

T
B

2
1

C
3

3
O Q U 0 T
K E

F
8

1 0 0 u F /2 5 V

CV

GND

GND

T SO P1736

VCC

1 5
S4 T
2

0
1

/ 2

D
T

U I TN

16

LO A D

7
6

VDD

9U

C D 4017B

8R
1

GND

R
V R

. 2

R
L

GND

3
4
8

I C

17 k

R ST
VCC

1 0 0 u F /2 5 V

III Tng Kt Mch:

22

Mch pht:

Mch thu:

23

1/ Mch Hot ng Ra Sao:

Sau thi gian thc hin n mn hc, cng vi s hng dn ca
GVHD, em hon thnh n theo quy nh v mch hot ng tt.
thc hin c yu cu ca ti, em khng ngng hc hi, tm
hiu nhng vn v cc loi linh kin in t v cc vn khc lin
quan. V th kin thc v in t, kinh nghim thc t khi lm mch
c tin b. Mt ln na, em xin chn thnh cm n!

2/ u Khuyt im Ca Mch:
V sn phm lm ra ch nhm mc ch nghin cu nn cn mang tnh
c bn v khng c s dng rng ri ngoi thc t. V thit k cha
c ti u.
3/ Cch Khc Phc Cc Mt Hn Ch Ca Mch, Pht Trin Mch
Ln Cao Hn:
Cn ng dng k thut s pht trin mch ln cao hn nh: m ha
cc ti gip iu khin nhiu ti hn, bn mch thu cn c mch gii
m,vv

TI LIU THAM KHO

Cun k thut xung trng H K THUT CNG NGH TPHCM

Cun k thut s trng H K THUT CNG NGH TPHCM
Cunin t tng t trng H K THUT CNG NGH TPHCM
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