Linear Workflow: Gamma 2.2 trong VRay B quyt thnh cng !

binlatAugust 26, 2012K thutNo Comments Linear Workflow: Hng dn y LWF Linear Workflow rt nhiu ngi bn v LWF trn rt nhiu din n, cng c nhiu bi hng dn, trng nhau cng c v xung t nhau cng c. Bi vit ny l 1 bi hng dn tng hp v c kt t nhiu cch lm v cng khng phi l cch duy nht hay nht v LWF nhng ti tin rng y l mt bi hng dn c ch v d hiu nht v LWF m cc bn tng bit, c bit l cc bn mi tm hiu LWF. VY LINEAR WORKFLOW L G ?

Hy nhn 2 bc nh trn xem c g khc nhau ? Thc ra n chng khc g nhau c, ch khc nhau v cch hin th ca Monitor thi ^^. Vray v 3dsMax x l d liu ca mt bc nh trong mt mi trng khng gian tuyn tnh, cn c gi l Gamma 1.0, nhng hu ht cc loi mn hnh li mc nh hin th cho bn hnh nh vi Gamma 2.2 (sRGB), m v c bn th n lm cho hnh nh cm gic b ti i mc d thc s khng phi ch no cng ti. Qu trnh x l ny gi nh rng bn ang xem hnh nh Gamma 1.0 thay v 2.2, tr khi bn khai bo kiu khc. Tht khng may y cng l mt vn ca 3D, c ngha l rt nhiu ngh s khng bit v LWF mt nhiu thi gian dn dng mt cch th cng nhm c gng c c kt qu render thc nht. Nhng th nh b sung thm n chiu sng nhiu hn, tng cng nh sng mi trng / tng ny bt GI, thm mt s n chiu sng xung quanh nhng tt bng vv vv tt c nhng iu lm tng thi gian tnh ton v lm sai lch nh sng thc t cn c ca 1 khung cnhV by gi chng ta ang nghin cu khc phc nhng vn y ! ^^ Vy cc bn hnh dung c LWF l g ri ch ! Chng c g gi l ao to ba ln tn nhiu giy mc, chng c g phi kh kh giu ngh. Ni 1 cch d hiu nht: chng qu n ch l cch khai bo mn hnh hin th cho ng m thi ! Bc 1: THIT LP TRONG 3DS MAX TEXTURES v MATERIALS cng cn phi c chuyn i sang Gamma 2.2. Nn lu rng bn c th dng LWF m khng cn thit lp ng b tt c cc thng s, nhng bn s rt kh s iu chnh chnh xc vt liu bn cn. Vo cutomize/preferences/Gamma and LUT. Thay i setting nh hnh di.

+ Enable Gamma/LUT Correction : Bt tnh nng dng gamma correction trong 3ds Max. Khi bt chc nng ny ta mi c th hiu chnh cc gi tr gamma cho nh map u vo v nh render khi save ra. + Gamma: 2.2.Gamma correct s s dng gi tr ny cho nh render. Gi tr ny khng c tc dng vi Vray frame buffer khi cha kim sRGB + Affect Color Selectors : ng b gi tr gamma vi bng mu ca 3ds max, cc bn s thy bng mu mi c nhiu gi tr xm hn (hay c th ni cc gi tr cn trng s nhiu hn). +Affect Material Editor : ng b gi tr gamma vi bng vt liu ca 3dsmax, cc bn s thy cc vt liu c v sng hn + Input Gamma: 2.2 Gamma mc nh dng cho nh map u vo. +Output gamma): Sau khi gamma correct, nh render xong c save thnh file vo cng. Gi tr ny set bng 1.0 khi dng vi VRay frame buffer. MAP U VO: Hu ht cc hnh nh bn tm thy trn Internet hoc t my nh k thut s ca bn s c chuyn sRGB (gamma 2.2) d dng hn trong qu trnh gi lp (chuyn i ngay t u). Mt s tp tin l hu tuyn tnh (nh HDRIs) s khng yu cu iu chnh n 2,2, nh normal maps hay displacement cng vy v n s khng lm vic ng

cch. i vi nhng loi nh ny iu tt nht l Gamma theo tng trng hp khi import vo scene ca bn (xem hnh di y). Tc l khi input bn c th override ty min sao sc nh u vo theo cm nhn ca bn l tt gi tr override cng cao th nh s cng ti. i vi th vin merger vo th map s t dch theo gi tr input.

Vy l thit lp xong Gamma 2.2 trong 3dsmax, gi chng ta thit lp trong bng setting vray v render vi VRay Frame Buffer. T bc tip theo s chia 2 cch: BC 2 (cch 01): SETTING VRAY Vo VRays Color Mapping iu chnh Gamma thnh 2.2 (gi tr ny nh hng ti sng ca nh VRay

frame buffer c khi cha kch hot v kch hot sRGB. N s nhn vi gi tr gamma ouput khi ta save nh nn 2.21=2.2 l kt qu ng).Kim Dont affect colours (adaption only) (Gi tr gamma ca color mapping khng nh hng ti mu sc, ch nh hng ti qu trnh tnh ton kh noise)

Bn c th dng bt c Type no trong color mapping khi s dng gamma 2.2. Linear trong type ch l tn 1 thut ton tone mapping khng phi ngun gc tn Linear work flow (LWF) Tc dng khi kim vo Dont affect colours (adaption only) l Gamma 2.2 s khng lm sng nh cui cng, tuy nhin V-Ray s tin hnh tnh ton nh khi c lm sng. Hiu ng ny lm cho Vray tnh ton kh noise tt hn bi v n tnh ton mt khung cnh sng hn, do cc hnh nh trong ti v ngoi sng r rng hn. Nu khng kim n ti ngh rng nhiu bn s ku tri ln i ti sao dng 2.2 nh li bc th, quay v 1.0 thi ! . Bc 3 (cch 01): VRAY FRAME BUFFER Nhng hnh nh bn lu ra vn cn dng tuyn tnh (Linear) d dng iu chnh vi VFB. Vray Frame Buffer khng b nh hng bi cc thit lp gamma ca 3dsmax bc 1 nn nh render c th trng vn rt ti.Bn s phi click vo nt sRGB di khung hnh cho n sng ln ng vi gi tr gamma khai bo trong Gamma bc 1. Lu rng y ch l cch hin th ch nh vn dng tuyn tnh.

Nh cc bn thy, hnh nh c hin th Gamma 2.2 v vn cn c th iu chnh c vi Vray Frame buffer. Bn thy y, khung cnh sng ln mi gc m ko cn phi tng cng n cng nh tng cc thng s ny bt ln 1 cch thi qu khin khung cnh khng c t nhin. Bn cng s nhn thy rng hnh nh khng rc nh trc. C bn l bi v khi bn mun lm sng cc vng ti bng cch b sung thm n chiu sng n cng tng sng vng nh sng, v vy m n s b vt qu mu trng tinh khit (255, 255, 255), tc l b chy. Bc 4 (cch 01): SAVE NH, NH DNG FILE V RENDERING: Save nh vi gi tr override l 2.2 Khi save nh tuyn tnh, nh dng 8 bit s rt tt 1 s di mu tuy nhin s khng cho ton b bc nh. Bt c khi no c th hy save n dng 16 hoc 32 bit ng bao gi save dng JPEG vi nh tuyn tnh bi v n s b qua 1 s m nh cn thit khi dch gamma.

BC 2 (cch 02): SETTING VRAY Vo VRays Color Mapping iu chnh Gamma thnh 2.2 (gi tr ny nh hng ti sng ca nh VRay

frame buffer c khi cha kch hot v kch hot sRGB. N s nhn vi gi tr gamma ouput khi ta save nh nn 2.21=2.2 l kt qu ng).Khng kim Dont affect colours (adaption only) gi nguyn tc dng ca
color mapping, bn c th s dng bt c thut ton color mapping no mnh mun. Bc 3 (cch 02): VRAY FRAME BUFFER Khng click vo nt sRGB di khung hnh nh khng b sng ln v s dng gamma 2.2 trong color mapping, nu kim sRGB na th nh s b tha gamma (2 ln 2.2). Bc 4 (cch 02): SAVE NH, NH DNG FILE V RENDERING: Save nh vi gi tr override l 1.0 Ch gii b sung : - nh render ra s c gamma = 1.0 v s hin th gamma = 2.2, do b ti i (gamma v sng l ngc nhau: gamma ln hn 1 s lm hnh ti i v gamma nh hn 1 s lm hnh sng ln). V vy chng ta gamma correct bng cch lm sng nh ln vi gamma nghch o ca 2.2 (tc l 1 chia 2.2 = 0.45454). Trong 3ds Max chng ta khai bo gamma = 2.2 ni rng hnh render s c hin th vi mn hnh c gamma 2.2. Nhng gi tr gamma thc s m V-Ray dng gamma correct nh render l 1 / 2.2 = 0.4545

Cc thc mc thng thy trong qu trnh s dng

Hi: Dng gamma 2.2 th settings nh sng v vt liu c khc gamma 1.0 khng ? Tr li: Nu dng gamma 2.2 th settings nh sng v vt liu s khc gamma 1.0. Di mu ti s b ngn i nn cng nh sng v gi tr vt liu cng c xu hng setting thp hn. Hi: Khi s dng LWF ta thay i type ca color mapping sang exponential th sng c thay i khng ? Tr li: Bn c th dng bt c Type color mapping no vi LWF, ko nht thit phi dng Linear. Khi thay i TYPE th nh c tone theo cch khc nhau nn s c tng phn v rc mu khc nhau. C th exponential s khng ch cc vng nh qu sng hay qu ti v gi tr di mu 0-255 nh khng b chy.

Hi: Khi merger object t th vin vo th map s chuyn thnh gamma 2.2 hay vn gi gamma 1.0 ? Tr li: Khi merger object t th vin vo th map s c correct theo gi tr Gamma input nu nh gc c thit lp USE SYSTEM GAMMA. iu ny ph thuc vo ngi lm th vin, nu nh gc c override 1 gi tr gamma no ri th n s c gi nguyn khi merger. (L ANH TUN WWW.VIETCG.COM www.hoc3d.vn bin tp v b sung t David Fleet)

Cc thc mc thng thy trong qu trnh s dng

Hi: Dng gamma 2.2 th settings nh sng v vt liu c khc gamma 1.0 khng ? Tr li: Nu dng gamma 2.2 th settings nh sng v vt liu s khc gamma 1.0. Di mu ti s b ngn i nn cng nh sng v gi tr vt liu cng c xu hng setting thp hn. Hi: Khi s dng LWF ta thay i type ca color mapping sang exponential th sng c thay i khng ? Tr li: Bn c th dng bt c Type color mapping no vi LWF, ko nht thit phi dng Linear. Khi thay i TYPE th nh c tone theo cch khc nhau nn s c tng phn v rc mu khc nhau. C th exponential s khng ch cc vng nh qu sng hay qu ti v gi tr di mu 0-255 nh khng b chy. Hi: Khi merger object t th vin vo th map s chuyn thnh gamma 2.2 hay vn gi gamma 1.0 ? Tr li: Khi merger object t th vin vo th map s c correct theo gi tr Gamma input nu nh gc c thit lp USE SYSTEM GAMMA. iu ny ph thuc vo ngi lm th vin, nu nh gc c override 1 gi tr gamma no ri th n s c gi nguyn khi merger. (L ANH TUN WWW.VIETCG.COM www.hoc3d.vn bin tp v b sung t David Fleet) Cc ch gii thm v l do cc thit lp v bn cht ca vn :

V l do ti sao mn hnh c thit k vi gamma 2.2

Di y mnh xin gii thch v sao mn hnh c gamma = 2.2 v v sao chng ta phi thc hin color correction: Hy gi s mn hnh my tnh ca chng ta l mn hnh trng xm en, khng c sc, ch c cng sng ti. Cng ti nht l mu en, c gi tr l 0,0 Cng sng nht l my trng (trng tuyt i), c gi tr l 1,0 Cc gi tr gia 0,0 v 1,0 l cc mu xm. Gi tr cng ln th cng sng, v d mu xm 0.6 s sng gp i mu xm 0.3 Di mu en xm trng trn l mt di mu lin tc (hnh 1)

Hnh 1 Tuy nhin trong my tnh chng ta khng th th hin di mu ny mt cch lin tuc m phi chia ra cc bc thang (hnh 2)

Hnh 2 Dng cng nhiu bc th s chuyn mu s cng mn. Vy chng ta cn s lng bc va m bo s mn mng ny v trnh hin tng vn g (banding). Nhng nu chn nhiu bc qu th s tn memory. hnh 2, chng ta c th nhn thy hin tng vn g banding do hnh ny ch dng 32 bc mu.

Trn thc t, ngi ta dng 256 bc th hin di mu en-xm-trng. Cc bc ny c nh s th t 0, 1, 2, 3, ., 255. Tuy nhin, 256 bc ny c phn b nh th no trn di mu? Cch phn b hin nhin nht l phn b u: chng ta c vic chia di my ra 256 bc thang u nhau. C ngha l: - Bc s 0 ng vi gi tr 0,0 (mu en) - Bc s 1 ng vi gi tr 1,0 (mu trng tuyt i) - Bc s 128 ng vi gi tr 0,5 (mu xm gia, ting Anh gi l mid-grey) y l cch phn b linear (tuyn tnh). S d gi l tuyn tnh (thng) l v nu v biu th hin gi tr mu ca mi bc thang, chng ta s c mt biu ng thng (Hnh 3)

Hnh 3 Tuy nhin nu ch dng 256 bc v phn b u nh trn th khng m bo s chuyn mu mn mng nhng vng ti (chng ta c th phn no quan st thy hin tng ny hnh 2, y chng ta thy khu vc sng c s chuyn tip mu mt cch mn mng hn khu vc ti) Ti sao li nh vy? Ti sao ch c vng ti l b hin tng banding, cn vng sng th vn mn. L do l v trong iu kin nh sng ti, mt ngi nhy vi s thay i nh sng hn. V d: khi cp in vo ban m, nu thp 1 ngn nn ln chng ta s d dng pht hin ra ngn nn , v n qu ni bt gia mng m. Tuy nhin gia ban ngy tri sng, nu thp nn th nh sng ca ngn nn t gy ch hn. Chnh v vy m khi xem phim hay trong rp cinema, ngi ta tt ht n i n mt ngi c th nhn bit tng phn trn mn hnh mt cch tt nht. trnh hin tng banding vng ti, chng ta c th dng nhiu hn 256 bc, nhng lm vy s tn memory. Nu dng 256 bc, th chng ta ch tn 1 byte ca memory th hin gi tr mu ca 1 pixel. 1 byte l rt l tng. Vy nu khng tng s lng bc thang ln cao hn 256, chng ta c th thay i cch phn b cc bc thang. Thay v chng ta phn b u nh trn, th chng ta phn b khng u: u tin nhiu bc thang hn cho vng ti, v t

bc thang hn cho vng sng. Cch phn b ny gi l phn b gamma, v c da trn php ton lu tha. Trn thc t, cch ny s cho kt qu di mu mn, khng b banding m vn ch dng 256 bc thang. Vy nu v biu th hin gi tr mu ca mi bc thang, chng ta s c kt qu nh hnh 4.

Hnh 4 Quan st biu trn, chng ta thy cch phn b gamma u tin nhiu bc thang th hin cc gi tr mu ti hn l sng. bit c bc th n c gi tr mu l bao nhiu trong cch phn b gamma. Chng ta trc ht tnh xem l nu dng phng n phn b u, n s cho gi tr mu l bao nhiu, sau chng ta lu tha gi tr mu ny ln gamma. V d, bc s 128 s cho gi tr mu 0.5 nu s dng phng n phn b u. Khi lu tha ln gamma = 2.2, chng ta s c gi tr khong 0.22, y chnh l gi tr khi dng cch phn b gamma. Vy v d nh trong photoshop chng ta t mt pixel vi gi tr mu 128, th pixel ch pht ra nh sng vi cng 22% ca vi mc maximum m mn hnh cho php. Kt qu ny l theo h phn b gamma 2.2 ca mn hnh. Nu gi s mn hnh s dng phn b u (cn gi l gamma 1.0), th mn hnh s pht ra sng l 50% ca mc mamximum m mn hnh cho php. Gi tr gamma khng nht thit l 2.2. Vi d mn hnh ca Apple lc trc hay dng gamma = 1.8. Nhng gi y hnh cng chuyn sang dng 2.2. V 2.2 c xem l mc gamma chun khi dng linear workflow. Vy chng ta hiu bn cht gamma 2.2 ca mn hnh. Tip n chng ta xt n V-Ray. V-Ray cho kt qu render theo gamma 1.0 (bc thang phn b u). Ngha l nu V-Ray render mt bc hnh ni tht m trong bc tng c bc mu l 150, v sn nh c bc mu la 75 th ng l l khi nhn vo bc hnh render ny, mt chng ta phi cm thy tng sng gp i sn nh (v 150 ln gp i 75), nhng v mn hnh

hin th mu gamma 2.2, nn 150 s khng cn sng gp i 75 na. V vy chng ta phi trit tiu tnh cht gamma 2.2 ca mn hnh. bng cch bin hnh render t gamma 1.0 thnh gamma 0.45 trc khi hin th. Gamma 0.45 v gamma 2.2 trit tiu nhau, cho kt qua gamma 1.0 m chng ta mun. V d: Vray render ra bc tng c gi tr bc 128. Bc 128 ny l bc ngay chnh gia ca thang mu gm 256 bc. V vy chng ta mun cc pixel ca bc tng ny c gi tr 0.5 khi hin th ra mn hnh (tc l cc pixel s pht ra sng mc 50% so vi mc maximum m mn hnh cho php). Vy chng ta s lu tha 0.5 vi gia tr gamma = 0.454545, s c gi tr l 0.73 (ng vi bc thang s 186 ca cch phn b u). Khi hin th ra mn hnh vi gamma 2.2, bc thang s 186 s cho gi tr mu ca pixel l 0.5 (nh trong biu hnh 4), y chnh l kt qu m chng ta mun. Vy chng ta c th thy gamma correction trong V-Ray l tr hao cho s khc bit gia gamma 1.0 ca V-Ray v gamma 2.2 ca mn hnh my tnh.

V Vic khng cn gamma correct cc nh map dng trng en (bump, specular, glossiness, alpha)
Theo tiu chun th cc nh map trng en u c save h mu tuyn tnh ch khng phi sRGB, v vy nu correct cc nh ny khi import vo 3ds max th s sai vi cua ngi thit k ra cc nh ny. Cc bn c th th open cc hnh ny trong photoshop, v kim tra color profile ca n thy l color profile ca n l Dot Gain (l mt profile tuyn tnh) ch khng phi l sRGB. V vy, khi load cc nh bump hay specular vo trong max, phi dng override gamma vi gi tr 1.0 (hoc chn l use image gamma) D nhin l nu ngi thit k th vin nh bump c save cc nh sRGB th vn cn phi correct khi load vo mad. Nhng theo tiu chun save nh map th t ai lm vy. L d m ch c diffuse map (v environment map dng Low dynamic range) phi cn sRGB, l v nhng hnh ny s ng hin th truc tip ra mn hnh, v vy cn sRGB hn ch banding. Cn bump, discplainemnt v specular khng phi l cc nh dng hin th trc tip r mn hnh, m dng tnh ton cao thp, phn x ca b mt vt liu, v vy khng cn bn tm n chuyn banding Khi load HDRI bng cng c load ca VRayHDRI th n t ng hiu l 1.0. Ch khi load theo browser ca 3ds max th mi phi override gamma 1.0 (hoc chn l use image gamma) (NGUYN PHC LONG WWW.VIETCG.COM www.hoc3d.vn )