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INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL AND MEDICAL STUDIES

Exploratory factor analyses (Phn tch nhn t khm ph)


Nguyn Trng Nam Nguyn Hng Phng

Copyright Bn quyn thuc v tc gi v thongke.info. Khi s dng mt phn hoc ton b bi ging ngh mi ngi trch dn: tn tc gi v thongke.info. V d: Nguyn Th Linh Thongke.info.

Mc tiu
Gii thiu v factor analysis Cc bc trong factor analysis Thao tc thc hin c kt qu Cc phn tch khc sau khi thc hin factor analysis

Ti sao cn Factor analysis


Mt

s bin c th o trc tip: tc , chiu cao, cn nng Mt s bin khc khng th o trc tip bng mt cu hi: tnh sng to, hnh phc, s hi lng, s thoi mi. Cc bin ny cn c to ra mt cch gin tip t nhiu cu hi khc nhau Factor analysis s gip to ra cc bin ny

Factor analysis l g?

FA l cc phng php rt gn data


Tm mi lin quan ca cc bin lin tc da trn mi lin quan ca chng Phn tch nhiu bin v gii thch chng bng vi nhn t hoc thnh t Cc bin c lin quan vi nhau c nhm li vi nhau v tch ra khi cc bin khc m n t lin quan

Bn nhm cc gng mt ny theo cc cch no?

Factor Analysis
Bin quan st Dch v Thi ca bc s , y t nim n M ca ng gi Gip bnh nhn qua in thoi Khong cch t nh n bnh vin gn C ch u xe C ca hng thuc bnh cnh C dch v bui ti v cui tun Khng phi tr tin khm cho tr em 0.59 0.65 0.62 0.65 0.86 0.83 0.72 0.73 Nhn t S tin li Gi c

Chi ph nm ni tr thp
c gim gi cho mt s xt nghim

0.85
0.91

iu kin
Cc bin phi c lin quan vi nhau Nu mi lin quan m nh- khng thch hp cho phng php Factor Analysis Test ma trn cc mi lin quan bng:

KMO test Bartletts test of sphericity

Cc bc trong Factor Analysis


Factor analysis thng c 4 bc:
Bc 1: Tnh ma trn cc mi lin quan cho tt c cc bin (correlation matrix) Bc 2 : Factor extraction Bc 3 : Factor rotation Bc 4 : Ra quyt nh cui cng v s nhn t cn gi li

Dr. Maher Khelifa 8

Cc bc trong Factor Analysis: The Correlation Matrix

Bc 1: the correlation matrix


To correlation matrix cho tt c cc bin Xc nh cc bin m khng c lin quan vi bin khc Nu mi lin quan gia cc bin nh, chng c th khng chung mt nhn t- FA khng ph hp Correlation coefficients 0.3- OK.

Dr. Maher Khelifa 9

Cc bc trong Factor Analysis: The Correlation Matrix


The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) Bartlett Test of Sphericity:

- KMO l mt ch tiu xem xt s thch hp ca FA Nu 0.5 KMO 1 th phn tch nhn t l thch hp - Kim nh Bartlett xem xt gi thuyt H0: tng quan gia cc bin s quan st bng 0. Nu kim nh ny c ngha thng k (sig <0.05) th cc bin c tng quan vi nhau trong tng th
Dr. Maher Khelifa

10

Cc bc trong Factor Analysis: Factor Extraction


Bc 2: Factor extraction Mc ch chnh ca bc ny l xc nh cc nhn t. Thng dng phng php Principal components

analysis xc nh cc nhn t.
The 1st principal component l phc hp gii thch c nhiu bin thin nht trong qun th (1st extracted factor), sau gim dn nhn t th 2, 3

Dr. Maher Khelifa 11

Cc bc trong Factor Analysis: Factor Extraction


xc nh gi li bao nhiu factor, cn c vo 2 yu t:


Eigen Values >1 The Scree Plot.

Total Variance Explained Extraction Sums of Squared

Initial Eigenvalues
Comp onent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total 3.046 1.801 1.009 .934 .840 .711 .574 .440 .337 .308 % of Variance 30.465 18.011 10.091 9.336 8.404 7.107 5.737 4.396 3.368 3.085 Cumulativ e% 30.465 48.476 58.566 67.902 76.307 83.414 89.151 93.547 96.915 100.000 Total 3.046 1.801 1.009

Loadings % of Variance 30.465 18.011 10.091 Cumulativ e% 30.465 48.476 58.566

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Dr. Maher Khelifa 12

Cc bc trong Factor Analysis: Factor Extraction- scree plot


dc cho thy cc factor ln. Khi ht dc, thng cc factor cn li c gi tr Eigen <1. Ngoi cc test thng k, cn da vo thc tin v y vn Giai on ny cha kt lun s nhn t.

Dr. Maher Khelifa

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Steps in Factor Analysis: Factor Rotation


Bc

3: Factor rotation. bc ny cc factors c rotated n c ngha hn C nhiu phng php rotation Phng php hay dng nht l Varimax rotations.

Dr. Maher Khelifa 14

Steps in Factor Analysis: Factor Rotation

Chn cc factor c tr s ln nht v nhm chng thnh nhm, ri t tn cho chng


Rotated Component Matrixa Component 1 I discussed my frustrations and feelings with person(s) in school I tried to develop a step-by-step plan of action to remedy the problems .803 .270 2 .186 .304 3 .050 .694

I expressed my emotions to my family and close friends I read, attended workshops, or sought someother educational approach to correct the problem I tried to be emotionally honest with my self about the problems I sought advice from others on how I should solve the problems I explored the emotions caused by the problems I took direct action to try to correct the problems I told someone I could trust about how I felt about the problems I put aside other activities so that I could work to solve the problems

.706 .050

-.036 .633

.059 .145

.042 .792 .248 -.120 .815 -.014

.685 .117 .782 -.023 .172 .155

.222 -.038 -.037 .772 -.040 .657

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization. a. Rotation converged in 5 iterations.

Dr. Maher Khelifa 15

Steps in Factor Analysis: Quyt nh cui cng

Bc 4: Quyt nh
Chn cc factors c ngha thc tin nht Chn cc nhm bin s c ch s ln cho cng mt factor t tn cho factor theo ngha ca cc bin

Sau : -Cc factor ny c ngha khng? C ph hp vi y vn trc y khng? - Nn dng ch s factor hay ch s thng trong cc phn tch tip theo?
Dr. Maher Khelifa 16

Mt Factor tt
Makes sense will be easy to interpret simple structure Lacks complex loadings

Thc hnh trn my

Bc 1: T thanh menu ca SPSS chn Analyze Dimention reduction Factor


Khi hp Factor analyses xut hin: - a cc bin cn phn tch thnh nhn t vo khung Variables - Sau ln lt chn cc nt: - Descriptives - Extraction - Rotation - Scores

Factor Analysis Descriptive Statistics: -Univariate descriptive: mean, SD - Initial solution: communalities, eigenvalues, % of variance explained

KMO and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity: Test factor model is appropriate

Factor Analysis Extraction

Khi chn Extraction, chn phng php mc nh ca SPSS l Principle components

Factor Analysis Rotation


Trong hp Rotation, nh du Varimax nu phng php l Principle components

Factor Analysis Scores


Khi bm nt Scores, hp Factor Analyes: Factor Scores xut hin Chn Save as variables nu bn mun lu li nhn s ( chun ha) ca tng nhn t

Factor Analysis Options

Chn Sorted by size sp xp cc bin quan st trong cng mt nhn t ng gn nhau Chn Suppress absolute value les than nu khng th hin cc nhn t c gi tr tuyt i nh hn mt gi tr no (v d 0.3)

c kt qu

- KMO 0.5 KMO 1 - Bartlett test of Sphericity <0.05: cc bin c tng quan vi nhau trong tng th

c kt qu

Con s 53% cho bit 3 nhn t gii thch c 53% bin thin ca cc bin quan st hay ca d liu

c kt qu

c kt qu
Factor loading ln nht phi ln hn hoc bng 0.5. Nu n nh hn 0.5, nn loi tng bin quan st mt

Quyt nh cui cng


Nh vy cc bin quan st a vo FA c rt gn thnh 3 nhn t. Bn cng bit mi nhn t gm cc bin no. Bn s cn phn tch xem cc bin ny c ngha g, t t tn cho nhn t. Tn cn i din cho cc bin quan st ca nhn t

Nhn s
Trong Hp Factor Analysis, chn nt scorre, sau Regression lu li cc nhn s ca nhn t mt cch t ng. Nhn s ny c chun ha. Sau dng nhn s ny nh mt bin trong cc phn tch tip theo

- Hoc tnh nhn s ca nhn t bng phng php trung bnh cng

Cc phn tch sau khi thc hin phn tch nhn t


Tin hnh cc phn tch thng thng khc: ANOVA, regression C th dng nhn s chun hoc tnh nhn s

Cc vn vi Factor Analysis

N mang tnh ngh thut nhiu hn khoa hc


C nhiu phng php extraction (PCA, FA, etc.) C nhiu phng php rotation (Orthogonal, Oblique) S cc factors c chn? T

Chnh v vy m y l phng php rt hay!

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