N QU TRNH V THIT B

GVHD: THS.NGUYN DN

LI M U
Cng vi s pht trin ca cc ngnh cng nghip, cng ngh ha hc nc ta trong nhng nm gn y pht trin rt mnh v c vai tr ngy cng quan trng. Trong cng ngh ha hc th qu trnh sy l mt cng on khng th thiu trong qu trnh sn xut. Ngi ta a qu trnh sy vo cng ngh sn xut vt liu ( g, nha, gch), cng ngh ch bin thy hi sn (c, mc..), cc loi nng sn (la, ng..)Chui l mt trong nhng loi thc phm cn s dng phng php sy. Sau qu trnh sy khng nhng thu c sn phm kh m cn ko di thi gian bo qun lm tng them s phong ph ca sn phm. Nc ta l mt nc nhit i do vic nghin cu cc qu trnh sy sy cc nguyn vt liu c ngha c bit: kt hp phi sy tit kim nng lng, nghin cu cng ngh sy v thit b sy ph hp t c nng sut cao nht. Trn thc t cc qu trnh nhit ni chung v qu trnh sy ni ring l cng ngh k thut kh phc tp. H thng sy c thit k gm cc thit b nh: thit b sy (hm, bung sy), thit b t nng tc nhn calorifer, qut...nhm tch m khi vt liu v a m qua ngoi mi trng bng tc nhn sao cho m bo tnh kinh t k thut,cho nng sut cao, chi ph vn hnh v u t thp m cht lng sn phm t yu cu, khng nt n chong vnh hay gi c hng v. Do ty vo yu cu cht lng ca mi sn phm v c im ca tng loi thit b sy m ngi nghin cu, thit k chn la h thng sy cho ph hp. Trong n mn hc ny, em xin trnh by ti Tnh ton thit k h thng sy hm vt liu chui vi nng sut 1600 tn/nm.

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PHN 1: TNG QUAN

1.1. Tng quan v sy 1.1.1. Khi nim Sy l qu trnh tch m khi vt liu hay dung dch. y l mt qu trnh quan trng i vi nhiu ngnh c bit trong cng nghip ha cht v thc phm vi mc ch bo qun vt liu hoc gim nng lng tiu tn cho qu trnh vn chuyn vt liu, m bo cc thng s k thut cho qu trnh gia cng tip theo. 1.1.2. Phn loi C hai phng thc sy: Sy t nhin: tin hnh bay hi bng nng lng t nhin nh nng lng mt tri,nng lng gi,...(gi l qu trnh phi sy t nhin). Phng php ny tn nhit nng nhng khng ch ng iu chnh c vn tc ca qu trnh theo yu cu k thut,nng sut thp... Sy nhn to: thng c tin hnh trong cc loi thit b sy cung cp nhit cho cc vt liu m. Sy nhn to c nhiu dng,tu theo phng php truyn nhit, trong k thut sy c th chia ra nhiu dng: sy i lu, sy tip xc,sy bng tia hng ngoi, sy bng dng in cao tn, sy thng hoa. 1.2. Nguyn liu v la chn thit b sy 1.2.1. Nguyn liu chui Chui l mt loi tri cy thng dng Vit Nam, cha rt nhiu cht dinh dng. Thnh phn ho hc: Qu chui xanh cha 10% tinh bt, chui chn c t l g%: glucid 16-20; tinh bt 1.2; protid 1.32; lipid 0,5; theo t l mg%: calcium 8, kalium 28, st 0.5 v cc vitamin PP 0.07, vitamin C 0.6. Cn c Mg, Na, cc chlorur, phosphat, lu hunh, km. C nhiu loi chui: chui xim, chui s, chui ln,Chui c ng dng nhiu trong i sng hng ngy: dng n, cha bnh, lm thuc,... Vit Nam l nc nhit i v l mt trong nhng x s ca chui vi nhiu ging chui rt qu c trng ri rc khp cc tnh thnh trong c nc: Vnh Long, Kin Giang, Gia Lai... Cc ging chui ca Vit Nam khng ch phong ph v kch c, hng v m cn c nhng gi tr s dng rt khc nhau.

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 N QU TRNH V THIT B 1.2.2. La chn thit b sy

GVHD: THS.NGUYN DN

Ch sy nh hng rt nhiu n cht lng sn phm. Mi loi nguyn liu cn c ch sy hp l, vi nguyn liu l chui cng vi nhng u nhc im ca cc phng php sy ta chn thit b l sy hm. Sy hm l h thng sy i lu cng bc lm vic lin tc, vt liu c cht trn khay hay xe gong hay bng ti, vt liu c a vo mt u hm v ly ra u kia ca hm. u v nhc im ca sy hm: u: c s dng rng ri v c kh nng sy vi mt lng ln nguyn liu trong thi gian tng i ngn. H thng lm vic lin tc hay bn lin tc nn c th sy nhiu loi vt liu nh rau, c, vt liu xy dng, Cu to n gin, d vn hnh. Nhc: Kh iu chnh ch sy. Kh m bo phn phi gi ng u theo tit din hm sy.

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PHN 2: S DY CHUYN CNG NGH

2.1. S cng ngh Nhin liu Khng kh Vt liu m

Bung t

Bung ho trn

Calorifer

Hm sy

Kh thi

Khng kh

Khng kh

Vt liu kh

2.2. Thuyt minh s cng ngh Khng kh sch c a vo bung t t chy nhin liu. Nhin liu sau khi t nng nhit rt cao c a vo bung ho trn, ho trn vi khng kh t bn ngoi vo h thng nhm gim nhit xung n nhit thch hp. Hn hp kh sau khi ha trn s a vo calorifer, ti calorifer khng kh c t nng n nhit cn thit thc hin qu trnh sy. Khng kh nng sau khi ra khi calorifer c a vo hm sy. Ti hm sy khng kh i t trn xung ngc chiu vi vt liu sy c xe goong mang di chuyn vo, thc hin qu trnh tch m, hi nc trong vt liu bc hi cn vt liu kh c a ra ngoi, kh thi c qut ht ra ngoi.

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PHN 3: TNH CN BNG VT LIU

3.1. Cc k hiu v thng s ban u 3.1.1. Cc k hiu ph: p sut ring phn ca hi nc trong hn hp khng kh m(N/m2) pbh: p sut ring phn ca hi nc trong hn hp khng kh m trong iu kin bo ho(N/m2) : m tng i ca khng kh(%) I: nhit lng ca khng kh m(kJ/kgkkk) ih: nhit lng ring ca hi nc(kJ/kg) r0: nhit lng ring ca hi nc 00C(kJ/kg) ch: nhit dung ring ca hi(kJ/kg ) x0, x1, x2: hm m ca khng kh trong mi trng,trc khi vo my sy,sau khi ra khi my sy(kg/kgkkk) G1, G2, Gk: lng vt liu trc khi vo,sau khi ra v lng vt liu kh tuyt i i qua my sy(kg/h) W: lng m tch ra khi vt liu khi i qua my sy(kg/h) W1, W2: m u,cui ca vt liu(tnh theo vt liu t)(%) t0, t1, t2: nhit mi trng,nhit tc nhn sy,nhit kh thi(0C) L: lng khng kh kh cn thit cung cp cho qu trnh sy(kgkkk/h) P: p sut kh quyn(N/m2) 3.1.2. Cc thng s ban u m ban u m cui Thi gian sy Nhit mi trng m tng i ca khng kh Nhit tc nhn sy Nhit kh thi ra Nhin liu s dng Ni t thit b : 46% : 15% : 18 gi : 21.6oC => Pbh0 = 0.0265 at : 82% : 90oC => Pbh1 = 0.715 at : 40oC => Pbh2 = 0.0752 at : khng kh nng : Gia Lai

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Nng sut tnh theo nguyn liu u: 1600 tn/nm Thi gian lm vic : 20 gi
1600000 = 250 (kg/h) 20 * 320

Nng sut ca thit b lm vic trong mt ngy l 1600 tn/nm. Mt nm lm vic 320 ngy. Vy trong mt gi nng sut lm vic :

t hm sy ti Gia Lai vi nhit trung bnh l t0 = 21.60C Pbh0 = 0.0265 at [STQTTB-T1-T312]. Hm m ca khng kh trong mi trng c tnh theo cng thc: x0 =0.622

* Pbh 0
o

Pkq * Pbh 0

[STQTTB-TII-T173]

Trong : o = 82%; Pkq = 1.033(at) ; Pbh0 = 0.0265 (at). xo = 0.622 0.82 * 0.0265 = 0.0134 (kg/kgkkk) 1.033 0.82 * 0.0265

Nhit lng ring ca khng kh m: (J/kgkkk ) [PLII.7-CSCQTVTBCNHH-TII-T156]

Io= Ckkk* to + xo * ih

Trong : Ckkk: nhit dung ring ca khng kh, J/kg. to: nhit ca khng kh to= 21.6oC ih:nhit lng ring ca hi nc nhit to j/kg Ih = ro+Ch*to = (2493+1.97to)*103 j/kg [PLII.7-CSCQTVTBCNHH-TII-T156] y: ro= 2493*103 :nhit lng ring ca hi nc 00C Ch = 1.97*103: nhit dung ring ca hi nc, J/kg.0C Ckkk = 1000 J/kg.0C: Nhit dung ring ca khng kh kh Thay s ta c: I0 = 103* t0 + (2493+1.97*t0)*x 0*103 = [21.6 + (2493+1.97*21.6)*0.0134]*103 = 55.576*103 (J/kgkkk) = 55.576 (KJ/Kgkkk) Trng thi khng kh sau khi ra khi calorife trc khi vo my sy:

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Khi i qua calorife khng kh ch thay i nhit nhng hm m khng i (qu trnh sy l thuyt) nn x0 = x1 = 0.0134 (kg/kgkkk) m tng i ca khng kh: x1 = 0.622*

* P1 bh
o

Pkq * P1 bh

[STQTTB-TII-T173]

Nhit sau khi ra khi calorife l: t1 = 900C => Pbh1 = 0.715 (at) [STQTTB-T1-T312]:

= (0.622 + x )P
1 1

x1 * P

1bh

0.0134 * 1.033 = 0.03 (0.622 + 0.0134) * 0.715

Nhit lng ring ca khng kh sau khi ra khi caloripher l: I1= Ckkk* t1 + xo * ih (J/kgkkk ) [PLII.7-CSCQTVTBCNHH-TII-T156]

I1 = 103 t1+(2493+1.97t1)*103* x1 I1 = 90*103 + (2493 + 1.97*90)*103*0.0134 = 125782 (J/Kgkkk) = 125.782(KJ/kgkkk) Trng thi khng kh ra khi hm sy Nhit kh thi ra khi hm sy l t2 = 400C => P2bh = 0.0752 (at) [STQTTBT1-T312]. V qu trnh sy trn l qu trnh sy l thuyt nn I1 = I2 = 125.782 (KJ/kgkkk) M I2 = t2 + (2493+1.97*t2)* x2 125.782 = 40 + (2493 +1.97*40)*x2 => x2 = 0.0334 (kg/kgkkk)

= (0.622 + x )P
2 2

x2 * P

2 bh

0.0334 * 1.033 = 0.7 = 70% (0.622 + 0.0334) * 0.0752

3.2. Cn bng vt liu 3.2.1. Cn bng vt liu cho vt liu sy Phng trnh cn bng vt liu chung: G1 = G2 + W [CSCQTVTBCNHH-TII-T187]

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Trong qu trnh sy ta xem nh khng c hin tng mt mt vt liu, lng khng kh kh tuyt i coi nh khng b bin i trong st qu trnh sy.Vy lng vt liu kh tuyt i i qua my sy l: Gk = G1
100 W1 100 W2 = G2 100 100

[CSCQTVTBCNHH-TII-T187]

Trong : W1 = 46%, W2 = 12%; G2 = 250(Kg/h.) Vy Gk = 250 *

100 12 = 220 (Kg/h) 100

Lng m tch ra khi vt liu W c tnh theo cng thc: W = G2

W2 W2 (Kg/h) 100 W1

[CSCQTVTBCNHH-TII-T187]

W = 250 *

46 12 =157.41 (Kg/h) 100 46

Lng vt liu trc khi vo phng sy: G1 = G2 + W = 250 + 157.41 = 407.41 (Kg/h) Lng vt liu sau khi ra khi my sy l: G2 = 250 (Kg/h) 3.2.2. Cn bng vt liu cho khng kh sy Cng nh vt liu kh, coi nh lng khng kh kh tuyt i i qua my sy khng b mt mt trong sut qu trnh sy. Khi qua qu trnh lm vic n nh lng khng kh i vo my sy mang theo mt lng m l: Lx1 Sau khi sy xong lng m bc ra khi vt liu l W do khng kh c thm mt lng m l W. Nu lng m trong khng kh ra khi my sy l Lx2 th c phng trnh cn bng: Lx1 + W = Lx2 [CSCQTVTBCNHH-TII-T188]
L= W (Kg/h) x 2 x1

Trong : W = 157.41 (kg/h); x2 = 0.0334(kg/kgkkk); x1 = 0.0134 (kg/kgkkk) SVTH: MAI TH NHT QUNH TRANG 8

 N QU TRNH V THIT B L=
157.41 = 7870.5(Kg/h) 0.0334 0.0134

GVHD: THS.NGUYN DN

Vi L l lng khng kh kh cn thit lm bc hi W kg m trong vt liu. Vy lng khng kh kh cn thit lm bc hi 1 Kg m trong vt liu l: l=
L 1 = (Kg/Kg m) [CSCQTVTBCNHH-TII-T188] W x 2 x1

Khi i qua caloripher si khng kh ch thay i nhit nhng khng thay i hm m, do xo=x1 nn ta c: l=
1 1 = thay s vo ta c x 2 x1 x 2 x0 1 = 50 (Kg/Kg m) 0.0334 0.0134

l=

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