Ma mng bi thu

Hoa qu ti tt

Ngi nng dn phi lm g?

Tit 18:

PHN BN HA HC

Th no l phn bn ho hc? Ti sao li phi s dng phn bn ho hc?

C my loi phn bn? Vai tr v tnh cht ca mi loi?

KHI NIM Phn bn ho hc l nhng ho cht c cha cc nguyn t dinh dng, c bn cho cy nhm nng cao nng sut cy trng.
Cy ng ho C, H, O t khng kh v nc. Cc nguyn t khc N, P, K, ... cy hp O H C

th t t -> cn bn phn b sung cho t.

P N K

Phn loi
Phn bn ho hc
(3 loi chnh)

Phn m

Phn ln

Phn kali

Trc khi dng phn bn

Sau khi dng phn bn

I. Phn m
- Cung cp nit ha hp dng NH4+, NO3- Lm cho cy trng pht trin nhanh cho nhiu ht, c hoc qu. - nh gi theo t l phn trm khi lng ca nguyn t nit.

Mt s loi Phn m
m amoni m nitrat m ure

Tn c im

Thnh phn
Dng ion cy trng ng ho PP iu ch

Mui nitrat Mui amoni (NO3-), vd: (NH4+),vd: NH4Cl, NH4NO3 NaNO3 Ca(NO3)2

(NH2)2CO NH4+
O

NH4+

NO3-

NH3 + Axit

180-200 C Axit HNO3 + CO 2 + 2NH 3 200atm mui (NH 2 )2 CO + H 2O cacbonat

Phn m amoni

Phn m nitrat

Phn m Ur

 C th trn m amoni cng vi bt (CaO) kh chua cho t c khng? Ti sao?

Khi bn m Amoni cng vi c cc phn ng: CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2 2NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2 CaCl2 + 2NH3 + 2H2O

 m Ure khng nn dng bn cho t kim? Ti sao?

Khng bn m ure cho vng t kim v:

(NH2)2CO + 2H2O (NH4)2CO3 NH4+ + OH- NH3 + H2O

Nh my sn xut phn m Ph M

 Cung cp photpho cho cy di dng ion photphat Tc dng: - Thc y qu trnh sinh ho thi k sinh trng ca cy. - Lm cho cnh l kho, ht chc. dinh dng = % P2O5 tng ng vi lng photpho.

II. Phn ln

c 2 loi chnh: supephotphat - Phn ln nung chy

SUPEPHOTPHAT N

SUPEPHOTPHAT KP

MT S PHN LN THNG GP
Supephotphat

Tn
n Kp

Phn ln nung chy

c im
Hm lng P2O5 Thnh phn
14-20% Ca(H2PO4)2 v CaSO4 40-50% Ca(H2PO4)2 12-14% hh photphat v silicat(Ca, Mg)

PP iu ch Photphorit hoc -iu ch axit

apatit +H2SO4

Nung Ca3(PO4)2 + (MgSiO3) photphoric -Axit photphoric+ Sy kh Photphorit/ apatit nghin bt

Cng Ty phn ln VN IN (H NI )

Cng Ty supephotphat LM THAO

III. Phn kali

Cung cp cho cy nguyn t kali di dng ion K+, thnh phn ch yu l KCl v K2SO4 . Tc dng: - tng cng sc chng bnh, chng rt, chu hn. - gip cho cy hp th nhiu m hn. dinh dng = % K2O tng

IV. Mt s loi phn khc

1. Phn hn hp v phn phc hp

L loi cha ng thi mt s nguyn t dinh dng. Phn hn hp: cha c 3 nguyn t N, P, K gi l phn NPK (t l N:P:K ph thuc vo loi t v loi cy). v d : Nitrophotka: l hn hp (NH4)2HPO4 v KNO3. Phn phc hp: c sn xut bng tng tc ho hc ca cc cht. v d: ( amophot ) 3NH3 + 2H3PO4 NH4H2PO4 + (NH4)2HPO4

Vai thieu c bon phan NPK

Phn vi lng l Cung cp nhng hp cht g? cc cha Ti sao phn vi lnguyn t m cy trng chvai tr rt ng c cn mt lng rt nh nh bo (B), trng (Zn), quan km vi cy mangan (Mn),... trng?

2. Phn vi lng

Vai tr nh Vitamin cho cy trng, tng kh nng kch thch qu trnh sinh trng

Cng c bi
Cu 1: Ghp cc loi phn bn ct I cho ph hp vi thnh phn cc cht ch yu cha trong loi phn bn ct II. Ct I Ct II 1.(NH2)2CO 2. NH 4NO3 A. Phn kali B. Ur C. Supephotphat n D. Supe photphat kp 3.Ca(H2PO4)2 5. Ca3(PO4)2 4. KNO3 6. (NH4)2HPO4

7. Ca(H2PO4)2, CaSO4.

4 A .

1 7 B . C .

3 D .

Cu 2: Pht biu no sau y ng?

A. m Ure c cng thc l: (NH2)2CO3. B. Phn hn hp cha Nito, photpho, kali c gi l phn NPK. C. Phn m ch cung cp N di dng ion nitrat. D. Amphot l hn hp cc mui (NH4)2HPO4 v KNO3.