Bai Giang DTH Chuong2

Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.
vn i hc Thi Nguyn
Khoa Khoa hc t nhin
Bi ging
Di truyn hc
Hong Th Thu Yn B mn Sinh Khoa Khoa hc t nhin
Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn
Thi Nguyn, 22-08-06
Ni dung
M u Chng 1: Vt cht di truyn Chng 2: M di truyn, mi lin h gia ADN, ARN v protein Chng 3: Bin d Chng 4: Ti t hp vt cht di truyn Chng 5: Cng ngh ADN tI t hp

Chng 2: M di truyn, mi lin h gia ADN, ARN v protein
1. 2. 3. 4. Bn cht ca m di truyn S phin m Dch m iu ho biu hin gen

1. Bn cht ca m di truyn

Khi nim thng tin di truyn, codon Bng chng m di truyn l m b ba Gii m di truyn Cc c tnh ca m di truyn Tnh linh hot ca m di truyn t bin v m di truyn
Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn Khi nim thng tin di truyn, codon
Thng tin di truyn cha chng trnh pht trin ca c th di dng genom (b gen, h gen) Ton b TTDT c ghi trong axit nucleic di dng trnh t xp xp cc nucleotide qui nh trnh t aa trong phn t protein C 3 nucleotite k tip trong phn t mARN s qui nh 1 aa. Nh vy m di truyn l m b ba (condon)
Ti liu chia sBngwWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn ti: m di truyn Link
Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn Bng chng m di truyn l m b ba

Thc nghim gy t bin phage T4: thm v mt nucleotit u dn n phage T4 c kiu hnh t bin: V d: mARN CAG CAG CAG CAG CAG Protein a1-----a1-----a1-----a1-----a1 Nu t bin lm mt C v tr codon 2, khi : mARN CAG AGC AGC AGC AG Protein a1-----a2----a2-----a2 Tip theo t bin (+) G trc codon 3, khi : mARN CAG AGC GAG CAG CAG
Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn Gii m di truyn

Thc nghim ca M. Nirenberg, 1961 mi trng v bo bao gm: ribosom, tARN, mARN, cc aa enzyme aminoacylsythetase, v mt s TP ph khc. Sau khi phn ng tng hp protein din ra. Tin hnh b sung : PolyU mARN: Polypeptide cha phenylalanin: UUU m ha phenylalanin PolyA mARN: Polypeptide cha lysin, AAA m ha lysin PolyC mARN: Polypeptide cha prolin, CCC m ha prolin PolyUCU mARN: Polypeptide cha serin, UCU m ha serin Tng t chng minh c cc codon khc
Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn Cc c tnh ca m di truyn
M di truyn l m b ba M di truyn khng c du phy, TTDT c dc theo mt chiu M di truyn mang tnh thoi ha: cng mt aa c th c m ha bi nhiu b ba M di truyn c tnh cht ph bin, cc sinh vt u c m ha theo nguyn tc chung
Link Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn
Tnh thoi ha ca m di truyn
2 loi aa c 1 codon m ha 9 loi aa c 2 codon m ha 1 loi aa c 3 codon m ha 5 loi aa c 4 codon m ha 3 loi aa c 6 codon m ha
Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn Link
Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn Cc c tnh ca m di truyn
M di truyn l m b ba M di truyn khng c du phy, TTDT c dc theo mt chiu M di truyn mang tnh thoi ha: cng mt aa c th c m ha bi nhiu b ba M di truyn c tnh cht ph bin, cc sinh vt u c m ha theo nguyn tc chung

So snh m di truyn genome nhn v ty th M di truyn DNA ty th DNA nhn
UGA
AGC, AGG AUA AUA, AUU AUG
Try
Stop codon Met M khi u Met
Stop codon
Arg Ile Ile M khi u
Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn Tnh linh hot ca m di truyn

tARN inosin c trong anticodon v c cu trc ging Guanin, n c th bt cp vi nhiu lai bazo C tnh linh hot trong kt cp: Nucleotit th 3 ca anticodon c th bt cp vi nhii loi bazo condon trn mARN Tnh linh hot cng c gii hn
Link Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn
H Inosin
NH2
Cu trc ca Inosin v Guanin
Tnh linh hot ca m di truyn Link Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn
A A U
5
A A U
3 5
U U A
Cm m leucin
U U G
Cm m leucin

Gii hn ca tnh linh hot
Baz nit trn u 5 ca anticondon G kt cp vi C kt cp vi A kt cp vi U kt cp vi I (inosin) kt cp vi Baz nit trn u 3 ca condon U hoc C G U A hoc G A, U hoc G
Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn t bin v m di truyn
t bin nhm ngha t bin v ngha (t bin kt thc) t bin lm xut hin codon mi nhng khng nh hng n chui polypeptide t bin dch khung

t bin nhm ngha
ADN
ADN mARN
3 AGT CAA GGT TGC CAT 5

3 AGT CAA GGT TAC CAT 5 5 UCT GUU CCA AUG GUA 3

t bin v ngha
ADN
ADN mARN
3 AGT CAA GAT TGC CAT 5

3 AGT CAA ATT ACC AT 5 5 UCT GUU UAA TGG UA 3 M kt thc
Ti liu chia xutti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn t bin lm s hin codon mi nhng khng nh

hng n chui polypeptide
Trng hp bnh thng ADN 3 AGT CAA GGT TGC CAT 5
mARN
Protein
5 UCT GUU CCA ACG GUA 3

Ser--Val--Pro--Thr--Val

Trng hp t bin
ADN ADN mARN Protein 3 AGT CAA GGT TGC CAT 5 3 AGT CAG GGT TGC CAT 5 5 UCU GUC CCA ACG GUA 3 Ser--Val---Pro---Thr---Val
GUU v GUC cng m ha cho 1 aa: valin

t bin dch khung
Trng hp bnh thng ADN 3 AAC ACA CAG GTT CAA AGG AGC 5
mARN 5 UUG UGU GUC CAA GUU UCC UCG 3

Protein Leu--Cys---Val---Gly---Val---Try--Ser

Trng hp t bin dch khung ADN ADN 3 AAC ACA CAG GTT CAA AGG AGC 5 3 AAC ACA AGG TTC AAA GGA GC 5
mARN 5 UUG UGU UCC AAG UUU CCU CG3 Protein Leu--Cys---Ser--Lys---Try---Pro.

2. Phin m
Nguyn tc phin m:Mch mi tng hp theo chiu 5-3 da trn mch khun l ADN Phin m sinh vt nhn s Phin m sinh vt nhn chun
Ti liu chia s ti:m SVNS 2.1. Phin wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn

Enzyme phin m: 2 phn; li v nhn t sigma
Trnh t khi u: hp 5 TATpurin AT purin 3

Trnh t kt thc: 2 vng giu cp AT v GC
Cc giai on phin m
Khi ng Ko di Kt thc
Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn Link

2.2. Phin m sinh vt nhn chun
3 loi ARN pol tham gia phin m Trnh t khi u: hp TATA Trnh t kt thc: cha r rng: nm men TTTTATA Cc giai on ca phin m: ging SVNS nhng ngoi enzyme pol cn c cc nhn t phin m khc (protein) mARN c tng hp phi tri qua qa trnh trng thnh
Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn Qa trnh trng thnh

ca phn t mRNA
Gn m vo u 5
Gn ui polyadenine

C ch ct ni intron, exon

3. Dch m Chc nng protein Cu trc protein Qa trnh sinh tng hp protein

3.1. Chc nng protein Xc tc Khng th Hormon Vn chuyn v vn ng Cu trc Phn bo Nng lng

3.2. Cu trc ca protein
c im cu to Cc bc cu trc ca protein
Ti liuc imti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn chia s cu to Cc axit amin
Ti liu chia Biu wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn s ti: axit amin

Lin kt peptide v cu trc bc 1 ca protein
Ti liu chia Cc ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn s bc cu trc ca protein

Cc bc cu trc ca phn t protein

3.3. Qa trnh sinh tng hp protein
Cc yu t tham gia tng hp protein tARN mARN Protein Cc giai on ca qa trnh tng hp protein Giai on hot ha axit amin Qa trnh dch m trn mARN
Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn 3.3.1. Cc yu t tham gia tng hp protein
Phn t tARN
Vai tr ca tARN
tARN lin kt vi aa
Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn Phn t mARN
Ribosome lin kt mARN
Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn Cu trc ribosome
3.3.2. chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn Ti liu Cc giai on ca qa trnh tng

hp protein
Giai on hot ha axit amin Enzyme amynoacyltARNsynthetase xc tc phn ng ATP hot ha aa to phc hp aminoacyl~AMP Phc hp aminoacyl~AMP kt hp tARN to phc hp aminoacyl~tARN

Qa trnh dch m trn mARN
Khi ng Ko di Kt thc

Khi ng

Ko di
Kt thc

4. iu ho biu hin gen Cc mc iu ha:
Tn hiu lm thay i iu ho Xy ra giai on no C ch phn t ca s iu ho
iu ha biu hin gen Prokaryote iu ha biu hin gen Eukaryote C ch biu hin phn ha gen Eukaryote

4.1. Cc mc iu ha Mc cht nhim sc Giai on phin m G sau phin m Giai on dch m Giai on sau dch m

Mc cht nhim sc Cc enzyme tc ng n NST lm cho chng trng thi d nhim sc hoc ng nhim sc S methyl ha lm cho gen ngng hat ng Do s thay i cu hnh NST

Giai on phin m
iu khin bt u v kt thc phin m: Trnh t Enhancer (trnh t cis - cng pha) Cc nhn t hot ha, c ch (Nhn t trans - lch pha) Trnh t promter thch hp
Ti liu chia s GwWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn ti: sau phin m

Khi mARN hot ng c hnh thnh c nhiu yu t nh hng n s biu hin S ghp ni khc bit Trnh t chiu di polyadenin t bin trn mARN Chu k phn hu ca mARN D tr mARN
Ti liu chia Giai on dch m s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn

Giai on ny c iu khin bi cc nhn t tham gia vo qa trnh dch m.

Giai on sau dch m
Ct b trnh t tn hiu u N To cc protein hot ng Gn cc phn t ng, phospho (glycosyl ha, phosphoryl ha)... Cc nhn t to cu trc khng gian ng ca protein nh nhm protein chaperonine...
Ti liu chiatrc khng gian ng ca protein To cu s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn
Ti liu chia s ti: v to cc protein hot ng Loi b trnh t tn hiuwWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn
Glycosyl ha protein
Ti liu chia s biu hin gen Prokaryote ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn 4.2. iu ha

Cu trc gen M hnh iu ha iu ha thoi dng: Kim sot m, cm ng iu ha bin dng : kim Kim sot m, c ch
Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn Cu trc gen t bo nhn s

(prokaryote)
Promoter
UTR
CDS
UTR
Genomic DNA
activator operator
Transcription mRNA Translation
protein
Ti liu chia s M hnh iu ha ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn
Cu trc lac operon v tryptophan operon
Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn iu ha thoi dng
mRNA
Protein 1 Protein 2 Protein 3 Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn
iu ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn Ti liu chia s ha bin dng
Ti liu chia s biu hin gen Eukaryote ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn 4.3. iu ha

Cu trc gen
c im v s iu ha biu hin gen Eukaryote M hnh iu ha
Ti liuCu trc gen t bo nhn chun chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn

(Eukaryotes)
5 - Promoter Exon1 UTR Intron1 Exon2 UTR
E Transcription
Poly A Gen thng b ngt qung bi 1 hay nhiu on chn (introns):
Translation
protein

Trnh t enhancer v nhn t trans
Enhancer l trnh t c tc ng cis, chc nng lm tng tc phin m Nhn t trans s nhn bit enhancer v hot ha gen Nhn t trans gm 2 vng chc nng: vng gn vi ADN v vng tc ng ln phin m Gia trnh t cis v nhn t trans c cc tng tc c hiu Nhn t trans iu ha bng cch bin i cu trc ca NST hoc ADN lm cho cc vng iu khin ca gen d tip xc vi enzyme sao m
c im v s iu ha biu hin gen Eukaryo Eukaryote c ch iu ha xy ra c 5 mc Gen iu ha Eukaryote khng nm trc cu trc ca gen nh prokaryote C trnh t tng cng phin m Enhancer Trnh t vng iu khin c th di ti hng trc kb C nhiu kiu iu ha dng cc nhn t trans Cc tn hiu iu ha Eukaryote l cc tn hiu bn trong c th, cn Prokaryote l cc tn hiu t bn ngoi m c th p ng li

M hnh iu ha
M hnh iu ha biu hin gen Eukaryote xy ra tt c cc mc v din ra phc tp do c nhiu nhn t tham gia vo qa trnh biu hin gen.

4.4. C ch biu hin phn ha gen
Gn vi protein to thnh cc ht mRNP (Ribonucleoprotein) Gn m 7methylG vo u 5, Gn ui poly A Loi b intron v ghp ni exon
Xin chn thnh cm n !

Bai Giang DTH Chuong2

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Bai Giang DTH Chuong2

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Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.

Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn

Thi Nguyn, 22-08-06

Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn

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Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn

Ti liu chia sBngwWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn ti: m di truyn Link

Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn

Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn Bng chng m di truyn l m b ba

Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn

Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn Gii m di truyn

Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn

Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn Cc c tnh ca m di truyn

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Link Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn

Tnh thoi ha ca m di truyn

Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn

Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn Link

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Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn Cc c tnh ca m di truyn

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Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn Tnh linh hot ca m di truyn

Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn

Link Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn

Cu trc ca Inosin v Guanin

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Tnh linh hot ca m di truyn Link Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn

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Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn t bin v m di truyn

Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn

Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn

3 AGT CAA GGT TGC CAT 5

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3 AGT CAA GAT TGC CAT 5

Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn

Ti liu chia xutti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn t bin lm s hin codon mi nhng khng nh

5 UCT GUU CCA ACG GUA 3

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Ti liu chia s ti: wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn

GUU v GUC cng m ha cho 1 aa: valin

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mARN 5 UUG UGU GUC CAA GUU UCC UCG 3

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Ti liu chia s ti:m SVNS 2.1. Phin wWw.SinhHoc.edu.vn

Trnh t khi u: hp 5 TATpurin AT purin 3

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