BI TP V CNG THC HO HC

Cu 1: Khi ho tan 21g mt kim loi ho tr II trong dung dch H2SO4 long d, ngi ta thu c 8,4 lt hiro (ktc) v dung dch A. Khi cho kt tinh mui trong dung dch A th thu c 104,25g tinh th hirat ho. a) Cho bit tn kim loi. b) Xc nh CTHH ca tinh th mui hirat ho . S: a) Fe ; b) FeSO4.7H2O Cu 2: Cho 4,48g oxit ca 1 kim loi ho tr II tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,8M ri c cn dung dch th nhn c 13,76g tinh th mui ngm nc. Tm cng thc mui ngm H2O ny. S: CaSO4.2H2O Cu 3: Mt hn hp kim loi X gm 2 kim loi Y, Z c t s khi lng 1 : 1. Trong 44,8g hn hp X, s hiu mol ca Y v Z l 0,05 mol. Mt khc nguyn t khi Y > Z l 8. Xc nh kim loi Y v Z. S: Y = 64 (Cu) v Z = 56 (Fe) Cu 4: Ho tan hon ton 4 gam hn hp gm 1 kim loi ho tr II v 1 kim loi ho tr III cn dng ht 170 ml HCl 2M. a) C cn dung dch thu c bao nhiu gam mui kh. b) Tnh thot ra ktc. c) Nu bit kim loi ho tr III l Al v s mol bng 5 ln s mol kim loi ho tr II th kim loi ho tr II l nguyn t no? S: a) ; b) ; c) Kim loi ho tr II l Cu 5: Oxit cao nht ca mt nguyn t c cng thc R2Ox phn t khi ca oxit l 102 vC, bit thnh phn khi lng ca oxi l 47,06%. Xc nh R. S: R l nhm (Al) Cu 6: Nguyn t X c th to thnh vi Fe hp cht dng FeaXb, phn t ny gm 4 nguyn t c khi lng mol l 162,5 gam. Hi nguyn t X l g? S: X l clo (Cl) Cu 7: Cho 100 gam hn hp 2 mui clorua ca cng 1 kim loi M (c ho tr II v III) tc dng ht vi NaOH d. Kt ta hiroxit ho tr 2 bng 19,8 gam cn khi lng clorua kim loi M ho tr II bng 0,5 khi lng mol ca M. Tm cng thc 2 clorua v % hn hp. S: Hai mui l FeCl2 v FeCl3 ; %FeCl2 = 27,94% v %FeCl3 = 72,06% Cu 8: Ho tan 18,4 gam hn hp 2 kim loi ho tr II v III bng axit HCl thu c dung dch A + kh B. Chia i B. a) Phn B1 em t chy thu c 4,5 gam H2O. Hi c cn dd A thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan. b) Phn B2 tc dng ht clo v cho sn phm hp th vo 200 ml dung dch NaOH 20% (d = 1,2). Tm C% cc cht trong dung dch to ra. c) Tm 2 kim loi, nu bit t s mol 2 mui khan = 1 : 1 v khi lng mol ca kim loi ny gp 2,4 ln khi lng mol ca kim loi kia. S: a) ; b) C% (NaOH) = 10,84% v C% (NaCl) = 11,37% c) Kim loi ho tr II l Zn v kim loi ho tr III l Al Cu 9: Kim loi X to ra 2 mui XBr2 v XSO4. Nu s mol XSO4 gp 3 ln s mol XBr2 th lng XSO4 bng 104,85 gam, cn lng XBr2 ch bng 44,55 gam. Hi X l nguyn t no? S: X = 137 l Ba Cu 10: Hn hp kh gm NO, NO2 v 1 oxit NxOy c thnh phn 45% ; 15% v 40%. Trong hn hp c 23,6% lng NO cn trong NxOy c 69,6% lng oxi. Hy xc nh oxit NxOy. S: Oxit l N2O4 Cu 11: C 1 oxit st cha bit. - Ho tan m gam oxit cn 150 ml HCl 3M. - Kh ton b m gam oxit bng CO nng, d thu c 8,4 gam st. Tm cng thc oxit. S: Fe2O3 Cu 12: Kh 1 lng oxit st cha bit bng H2 nng d. Sn phm hi to ra hp th bng 100 gam axit H2SO4 98% th nng axit gim i 3,405%. Cht rn thu c sau phn ng kh c ho tan bng axit H2SO4 long thot ra 3,36 lt H2 (ktc). Tm cng thc oxit st b kh.

S: Fe3O4 Cu 13: Hn hp X gm 2 kim loi A v B c t l khi lng 1 : 1 v khi lng mol nguyn t ca A nng hn B l 8 gam. Trong 53,6 gam X c s mol A khc B l 0,0375 mol. Hi A, B l nhng kim loi no? S: B l Fe v A l Cu Cu 14: t chy hon ton m gam cht A cn dng ht 5,824 dm3 O2 (ktc). Sn phm c CO2 v H2O c chia i. Phn 1 cho i qua P2O5 thy lng P2O5 tng 1,8 gam. Phn 2 cho i qua CaO thy lng CaO tng 5,32 gam. Tm m v cng thc n gin A. Tm cng thc phn t A v bit A th kh (k thng) c s C 4. S: A l C4H10 Cu 15: Ho tan 18,4g hn hp 2 kim loi ho tr II v III bng axit HCl thu c dung dch A + kh B. Chia i B a) Phn B1 em t chy thu c 4,5g H2O. Hi c cn dung dch A thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan. b) Phn B2 tc dng ht clo v cho sn phm hp th vo 200 ml dung dch NaOH 20% (d = 1,2). Tm % cc cht trong dung dch to ra. c) Tm 2 kim loi, nu bit t s mol 2 mui khan = 1 : 1 v khi lng mol kim loi ny gp 2,4 ln khi lng mol ca kim loi kia. S: a) Lng mui khan = 26,95g b) %NaOH = 10,84% v %NaCl = 11,73% c) KL ho tr II l Zn v KL ho tr III l Al Cu 16: Hai nguyn t X v Y u th rn trong iu kin thng 8,4 gam X c s mol nhiu hn 6,4 gam Y l 0,15 mol. Bit khi lng mol nguyn t ca X nh hn khi lng mol nguyn t ca Y l 8. Hy cho bit tn ca X, Y v s mol mi nguyn t ni trn. S: X (Mg), Y (S) - v Cu 17: Nguyn t R to thnh hp cht RH4, trong hiro chim 25% khi lng v nguyn t R to thnh hp cht RO2 trong oxi chim 69,57% khi lng. a) Hi R v R l cc nguyn t g? b) Hi 1 lt kh RO2 nng hn 1 lt kh RH4 bao nhiu ln ( cng iu kin nhit , p sut). c) Nu ktc, V1 lt RH4 nng bng V2 lt RO2 th t l V1/V2 bng bao nhiu ln? S: a) R (C), R(N) ; b) NO2 nng hn CH4 = 2,875 ln ; c) V1/V2 = 2,875 ln Cu 18: Hp cht vi oxi ca nguyn t X c dng XaOb gm 7 nguyn t trong phn t. ng thi t l khi lng gia X v oxi l 1 : 1,29. Xc nh X v cng thc oxit. S: X l P oxit ca X l P2O5 Cu 19: Ho tan hon ton 12,1 gam hn hp bt gm CuO v mt oxit ca kim loi ho tr II khc cn 100 ml dung dch HCl 3M. Bit t l mol ca 2 oxit l 1 : 2. a) Xc nh cng thc ca oxit cn li. b) Tnh % theo khi lng ca mi oxit trong hn hp ban u. S: a) ZnO ; b) %CuO = 33,06% v %ZnO = 66,94% Cu 20: Cho A gam kim loi M c ho tr khng i vo 250 ml dung dch hn hp gm Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3 u c nng 0,8 mol/l. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton ta lc c (a + 27,2) gam cht rn gm ba kim loi v c mt dung dch ch cha mt mui tan. Xc nh M v khi lng mui to ra trong dung dch. S: M l Mg v Mg(NO3)2 = 44,4g Cu 21: Nung 25,28 gam hn hp FeCO3 v FexOy d ti phn ng hon ton, thu c kh A v 22,4 gam Fe2O3 duy nht. Cho kh A hp th hon ton vo 400ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,15M thu c 7,88g kt ta. a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. b) Tm cng thc phn t ca FexOy. S: b) Fe2O3 Cu 22: Hai thanh kim loi ging nhau (u cng nguyn t R ho tr II) v c cng khi lng. Cho thanh th nht vo vo dung dch Cu(NO3)2 v thanh th hai vo dung dch Pb(NO3)2. Sau mt thi

gian, khi s mol 2 mui bng nhau, ly hai thanh kim loi ra khi dung dch thy khi lng thanh th nht gim i 0,2% cn khi lng thanh th hai tng 28,4%. Xc nh nguyn t R. S: R (Zn) Cu 23: Hn hp M gm oxit ca mt kim loi ho tr II v mt cacbonat ca kim loi c ho tan ht bng axit H2SO4 long va to ra kh N v dung dch L. em c cn dung dch L thu c mt lng mui khan bng 168% khi lng M. Xc nh kim loi ho tr II, bit kh N bng 44% khi lng ca M. S: Mg Cu 24: Cho Cho 3,06g axit MxOy ca kim loi M c ho tr khng i (ho tr t I n III) tan trong HNO3 d thu c 5,22g mui. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ca oxit MxOy. S: BaO Cu 25: Cho 15,25 gam hn hp mt kim loi ho tr II c ln Fe tan ht trong axit HCl d thot ra 4,48 dm3 H2 (ktc) v thu c dung dch X. Thm NaOH d vo X, lc kt ta tch ra ri nung trong khng kh n lng khng i cn nng 12 gam. Tm kim loi ho tr II, bit n khng to kt ta vi hiroxit. S: Ba Cu 26: Cho 2 gam hn hp Fe v kim loi ho tr II vo dung dch HCl c d th thu c 1,12 lt H2 (ktc). Mt khc, nu ho tan 4,8g kim loi ho tr II cn cha n 500 ml dung dch HCl. Xc nh kim loi ho tr II. S: Mg Cu 27: Kh hon ton 4,06g mt oxit kim loi bng CO nhit cao thnh kim loi. Dn ton b kh sinh ra vo bnh ng Ca(OH)2 d, thy to thnh 7g kt ta. Nu ly lng kim loi sinh ra ho tan ht vo dung dch HCl d th thu c 1,176 lt kh H2 (ktc). a) Xc nh cng thc phn t oxit kim loi. b) Cho 4,06g oxit kim loi trn tc dng hon ton vi 500 ml dung dch H2SO4 c, nng (d) thu c dung dch X v kh SO2 bay ra. Hy xc nh nng mol/l ca mui trong dung dch X (coi th tch dung dch khng thay i trong qu trnh phn ng) S: a) Fe3O4 ; b) Cu 28: Ho tan ho ton m gam kim loi M bng dung dch HCl d, thu c V lt H2 (ktc). Mt khc ho tan hon ton m gam kim loi M bng dung dch HNO3 long, thu c mui nitrat ca M, H2O v cng V lt kh NO duy nht (ktc). a) So snh ho tr ca M trong mui clorua v trong mui nitrat. b) Hi M l kim loi no? Bit rng khi lng mui nitrat to thnh gp 1,905 ln khi lng mui clorua. S: a) ; b) Fe Cu 29: Ho tan hon ton 14,2g hn hp C gm MgCO3 v mui cacbonat ca kim loi R vo dung dch HCl 7,3% va , thu c dung dch D v 3,36 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Nng MgCl2 trong dung dch D bng 6,028%. a) Xc nh kim loi R v thnh phn % theo khi lng ca mi cht trong C. b) Cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch D, lc ly kt ta nung ngoi khng kh n khi phn ng hon ton. Tnh s gam cht rn cn li sau khi nung. S: a) R (Fe) v %MgCO3 = 59,15% , %FeCO3 = 40,85% ; b) v Cu 30: Ho tan hon ton a gam kim loi M c ho tr khng i vo b gam dung dch HCl c dung dch D. Thm 240 gam dung dch NaHCO3 7% vo D th va tc dng ht vi lng HCl cn d, thu c dung dch E trong nng phn trm ca NaCl v mui clorua km loi M tng ng l 2,5% v 8,12%. Thm tip lng d dung dch NaOH vo E, sau lc ly kt ta, ri nung n khi lng khng i th thu c 16 gam cht rn. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. Xc nh kim loi v nng phn trm ca dung dch dng. S: M (Mg) v %HCl = 16%

BI TON NNG DUNG DCH

Cu 1: Tnh khi lng AgNO3 b tch ra khi 75 gam dung dch bo ho AgNO3 50oC, khi dung dch c h nhit n 20oC. Bit ; . Cu 2: C 2 dung dchHCl nng 0,5M v 3M. Tnh th tch dung dch cn phi ly pha c 100ml dung dch HCl nng 2,5M. Cu 3: Khi ho tan m (g) mui FeSO4.7H2O vo 168,1 (g) nc, thu c dung dch FeSO4 c nng 2,6%. Tnh m? Cu 4: Ly 12,42 (g) Na2CO3.10H2O c ho tan trong 50,1ml nc ct (D = 1g/ml). Tnh nng phn trm ca dung dch thu c. Cu 5: Ly 8,4 (g) MgCO3 ho tan vo 146 (g) dung dch HCl th va . a) Vit phng trnh phn ng. b) Tnh nng phn trm ca dung dch HCl u? c) Tnh nng phn trm cc cht trong dung dch sau phn ng? Cu 6: Ho tan 10 (g) CaCO3 vo 114,1 (g) dung dch HCl 8%. a) Vit phng trnh phn ng. b) Tnh nng phn trm cc cht thu c sau phn ng? Cu 7: Ho tan ho ton 16,25g mt kim loi ho tr (II) bng dung dch HCl 18,25% (D = 1,2g/ml), thu c dung dch mui v 5,6l kh hiro (ktc). a) Xc nh kim loi? b) Xc nh khi lng ddHCl 18,25% dng? Tnh CM ca dung dch HCl trn? c) Tm nng phn trm ca dung dch mui sau phn ng? Cu 8: Cho a (g) Fe tc dng va 150ml dung dch HCl (D = 1,2 g/ml) thu c dung dch v 6,72 lt kh (ktc). Cho ton b lng dung dch trn tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d, thu c b (g) kt ta. a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. b) Tm gi tr a, b? c) Tnh nng phn trm v nng mol/l dung dch HCl? Cu 9: Mt hn hp gm Na2SO4 v K2SO4 trn theo t l 1 : 2 v s mol. Ho tan hn hp vo 102 (g) nc, thu c dung dch A. Cho 1664 (g) dung dch BaCl2 10% vo dung dch A, xut hin kt ta. Lc b kt ta, thm H2SO4 d vo nc lc thy to ra 46,6 (g) kt ta. Xc nh nng phn trm ca Na2SO4 v K2SO4 trong dung dch A ban u? Cu 10: Cho 39,09 (g) hn hp X gm 3 mui: K2CO3, KCl, KHCO3 tc dng vi Vml dung dch HCl d 10,52% (D = 1,05g/ml), thu c dung dch Y v 6,72 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Chia Y thnh 2 phn bng nhau. - Phn 1: trung ho dung dch cn 250ml dung dch NaOH 0,4M. - Phn 2: Cho tc dng vi AgNO3 d thu c 51,66 (g) kt ta. a) Tnh khi lng cc cht trong hn hp ban u? b) Tm Vml? Cu 11: Cho 46,1 (g) hn hp Mg, Fe, Zn phn ng vi dung dch HCl th thu c 17,92 lt H2 (ktc). Tnh thnh phn phn trm v khi lng cc kim loi trong hn hp. Bit rng th tch kh H2 do st to ra gp i th tch H2 do Mg to ra. Cu 11: ho tan hon ton 4 (g) hn hp gm mt kim loi ho tr (II) v mt kim loi ho tr (III) phi dng 170ml dung dch HCl 2M. a) C cn dung dch sau phn ng s thu c bao nhiu gam hn hp mui khan. b) Tnh th tch kh H2 ( ktc) thu c sau phn ng. c) Nu bit kim loi ho tr (III) trn l Al v n c s mol gp 5 ln s mol kim loi ho tr (II). Hy xc nh tn kim loi ho tr (II). Cu 12: C mt oxit st cha cng thc. Chia lng oxit ny lm 2 phn bng nhau. a) ho tan ht phn 1 phi dng 150ml dung dch HCl 3M. b) Cho mt lung kh CO d i qua phn 2 nung nng, phn ng xong thu c 8,4 (g) st. Tm cng thc oxit st trn. Cu 13: A l mt hn hp bt gm Ba, Mg, Al.

Ly m gam A cho vo nc ti khi ht phn ng thy thot ra 6,94 lt H2 (ktc). Ly m gam A cho vo dung dch xt d ti ht phn ng thy thot ra 6,72 lt H2 (ktc). Ly m gam A ho tan bng mt lng va dung dch axit HCl c mt dung dch v 9,184 lt H2 (ktc). Hy tnh m v % khi lng cc kim loi trong A. Cu 14: X l hn hp hai kim loi Mg v Zn. Y l dung dch H2SO4 cha r nng . Th nghim 1: Cho 24,3 gam X vo 2 lt Y, sinh ra 8,96 lt kh H2. Th nghim 2: Cho 24,3 gam X vo 3 lt Y, sinh ra 11,2 lt kh H2. (Cc th tch kh u o ktc) a) Chng t rng trong th nghim 1 th X cha tan ht, trong th nghim 2 th X tan ht. b) Tnh nng mol ca dung dch Y v khi lng mi kim loi trong X. Cu 15: Tnh nng ban u ca dung dch H2SO4 v dung dch NaOH bit rng: Nu 3 lt dung dch NaOH vo 2 lt dung dch H2SO4 th sau khi phn ng dung dch c tnh kim vi nng 0,1 M. Nu 2 lt dung dch NaOH vo 3 lt dung dch H2SO4 th sau phn ng dung dch c tnh axit vi nng 0,2M. Cu 16: Ho tan hon ton a gam kim loi M c ho tr khng i vo b gam dung dch HCl c dung dch D. Thm 240 gam dung dch NaHCO3 7% vo D th va tc dng ht vi lng HCl cn d, thu c dung dch E trong nng phn trm ca NaCl v mui clorua km loi M tng ng l 2,5% v 8,12%. Thm tip lng d dung dch NaOH vo E, sau lc ly kt ta, ri nung n khi lng khng i th thu c 16 gam cht rn. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. Xc nh kim loi v nng phn trm ca dung dch dng. Cu 17: Ho tan hon ton m gam kim loi M bng dung dch HCl d, thu c V lt H2 (ktc). Mt khc hon tan hon ton m gam kim loi M bng dung dch HNO3 long, thu c mui nitrat ca M, H2O v cng V lt kh NO duy nht (ktc). a) So snh ho tr ca M trong mui clorua v trong mui nitrat. b) Hi M l kim loi no? bit rng khi lng mui nitrat to thnh gp 1,095 ln khi lng mui clorua. Cu 18: Ho tan hon ton 14,2 gam hn hp C gm MgCO3 v mui cacbonat ca kim loi R vo axit HCl 7,3% va , thu c dung dch D v 3,36 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Nng MgCl2 trong dung dch D bng 6,028%. a) Xc nh kim loi R v thnh phn phn % theo khi lng ca mi cht trong C. b) Cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch D, lc ly kt ta ri nung ngoi khng kh n khi phn ng hon ton. Tnh s gam cht rn cn li sau khi nung. Cu 19: Khi cho a gam Fe vo trong 400ml dung dch HCl, sau khi phn ng kt thc em c cn dung dch thu c 6,2 gam cht rn X. Nu cho hn hp gm a gam Fe v b gam Mg vo trong 400ml dung dch HCl th sau khi phn ng kt thc, thu c 896ml H2 (ktc) v c cn dung dch th thu c 6,68 gam cht rn Y. Tnh a, b, nng mol ca dung dch HCl v thnh phn khi lng cc cht trong X, Y. (Gi s Mg khng phn ng vi nc v khi phn ng vi axit Mg phn ng trc ht Mg mi n Fe. Cho bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton). Cu 20: Dung dch X l dung dch H2SO4, dung dch Y l dung dch NaOH. Nu trn X v Y theo t l th tch l VX : VY = 3 : 2 th c dung dch A c cha X d. Trung ho 1 lt A cn 40 gam NaOH 20%. Nu trn X v Y theo t l th tch VX : VY = 2 : 3 th c dung dch B c cha Y d. Trung ho 1 lt B cn 29,2 gam dung dch HCl 25%. Tnh nng mol ca X v Y.

BI TON V LNG CHT D

Cu 1: un nng 16,8 gam bt st v 6,4 gam bt lu hunh (khng c khng kh) thu c cht rn A. Ho tan A bng HCl d thot ra kh B. Cho kh B i chm qua dung dch Pb(NO3)2 tch ra kt ta D mu en. Cc phn ng u xy ra 100%. a) Vit phng trnh phn ng cho bit A, B, D l g? b) Tnh th tch kh B (ktc) v khi lng kt ta D. c) Cn bao nhiu th tch O2 (ktc) t hon ton kh B. Cu 2: un nng hn hp Fe, S (khng c khng kh) thu c cht rn A. Ho tan A bng axit HCl d thot ra 6,72 dm3 kh D (ktc) v cn nhn c dung dch B cng cht rn E. Cho kh D i chm qua dung dch CuSO4 tch ra 19,2 gam kt ta en. a) Vit phng trnh phn ng. b) Tnh lng ring phn Fe, S ban u bit lng E bng 3,2 gam. Cu 3: Dn 4,48 dm3 CO ( ktc) i qua m gam CuO nung nng nhn c cht rn X v kh Y. Sc kh Y vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d tch ra 20 gam kt ta trng. Ho tan cht rn X bng 200ml dung dch HCl 2M th sau phn ng phi trung ho dung dch thu c bng 50 gam Ca(OH)2 7,4%. Vit PTP v tnh m. Cu 4: 6,8 gam hn hp Fe v CuO tan trong 100 ml axit HCl dung dch A + thot ra 224 ml kh B (ktc) v lc c cht rn D nng 2,4 gam. Thm tip HCl d vo hn hp A + D th D tan 1 phn, sau thm tip NaOH n d v lc kt ta tch ra nung nng trong khng kh n lng khng i cn nng 6,4 gam. Tnh thnh phn khi lng Fe v CuO trong hn hp u. Cu 5: Trn 100 ml dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 1,5M vi 150 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 2M thu c kt ta A v dung dch B. Nung kt ta A trong khng kh n lng khng i thu c cht rn D. Thm BaCl2 d vo dung dch B th tch ra kt ta E. a) Vit phong trnh phn ng. Tnh D v E. b) Tnh nng mol cht tan trong dung dch B (coi th tch thay i khng ng k khi xy ra phn ng). Cu 6: Cho13,6 gam hn hp gm Mg v Fe c ho tan trong 100 ml dung dch CuSO4. Sau phn ng nhn c dung dch A v 18,4 gam cht rn B gm 2 kim loi. Thm NaOH d vo A ri lc kt ta tch ra nung nng trong khng kh n khi lng khng i nhn c cht rn D gm MgO v Fe2O3 nng 1,2 gam. Tnh lng Fe, Mg ban u.

BI TON TNG, GIM KHI LNG

I - Ni dung Da vo s tng gim khi lng khi chuyn t cht ny sang cht khc xc nh khi lng hn hp hay mt cht. - Da vo phng trnh ho hc tm s thay i v khi lng ca 1 mol cht trong phn ng (A v B) hoc x mol A v y mol B. (vi x, y t l cn bng phn ng). - Tnh s mol cc cht tham gia phn ng v ngc li. VD: Phn ng MCO3 + 2HCl => MCl2 + CO2 + H2O Ta thy rng khi chuyn 1 mol MCO3 thnh 1 mol MCl2 th khi lng tng: [M + (2x35,5) (M + 60)] = 11 gam v c 1 mol kh CO2 bay ra. Nh vy, khi bit khi lng mui tng ta co th tnh lng CO2 bay ra. Phn ng sete ha: CH3COOH + ROH -> CH3COOR + H2O Th t 1 mol ROH chuyn thnh 1 mol este, khi lng tng: (R + 59) (R + 17) = 42 gam. Nh vy bit khi lng ca ancol v khi lng este ta d dng tnh c s mol ancol hoc ngc li. Hoc: RCOOR + NaOH => RCOONa + ROH C 1 mol este RCOOR chuyn thnh 1 mol mui, khi lng tng( hoc gim) gam v tiu tn ht 1 mol NaOH, sinh ra 1 mol ROH. Nh vy nu bit khi lng este phn ng v khi lng mui to thnh ta d dng tnh c s mol ca NaOH v ROH hoc ngc li. Hoc vi bi ton cho kim loi A y kim loi B ra khi dung dch mui di dng t do: Khi lng KL tng bng: mB(bm) mA(tan) Khi lng KL gim bng: mA(tan) mB(bm) Phng php ny thng c p dng gii bi ton v c v hu c, trnh c vic lp nhiu phng trnh, t s khng phi gii nhng h phng trnh phc tp. C th ni 2 phng php Bo ton khi lng v tng gim khi lng l hai anh em sinh i, v mt bi ton nu gii c phng php ny th cng c th gii bng phng php kia. Tuy nhin ty tng bi tp m phng php ny hay phng php kia l u vit hn. II Bi tp minh ho Bi 1: em 27,4g mt kim loi A tc dng hon ton vi dd HCl thu c dung dch B v V lt kh thot ra ( ktc) . Tc dng ht vi dung dch B bng dd H2SO4, ta thu c 46,6g mui. Tt c phn ng xy ra hon ton. Xc nh A v V lt kh thot ra. Bi 2: C 1 lit dung dch hn hp Na2CO3 0,1M v (NH4)2CO3 0,25M. Cho 43 gam hn hp BaCl2 v CaCl2 vo dung dch . Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc ta thu c 39,7gam kt ta A v dung dch B. Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong A A. %BaCO3 = 50%; %CaCO3 = 50% B. %BaCO3 = 50,38%; %CaCO3 = 49,62% C. %BaCO3 = 49,62%; %CaCO3 = 50,38% D. Khng xc nh c Bi 3: Ha tan hon ton 23,8 gam hn hp mt mui cacbonat ca kim loi ha tr I v mt mui cacbonat ca kim loi ha tr II bng dung dch HCl thy thot ra 4,48 lit kh CO2 ( ktc). C cn dung dch thu c sau phn ng th mui khan thu c l bao nhiu ? 7

A. 26g B. 28g C. 26,8g D. 28,6g Bi 4: Cho 3 gam mt axit no n chc A tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 4,1 gam mui khan. Cng thc phn t ca A l: A. HCOOH B. C3H7COOH C. CH3COOH D. C2H5COOH Bi 5: Cho dung dch AgNO3 d tc dng vi dung dch hn hp c ha tan 6,25gam hai mui KCl v KBr thu c 10,39g hn hp AgCl v AgBr. Hy xc nh s mol hn hp u A. 0,08 mol B. 0,06 mol C. 0,03 mol D. 0,055mol Bi 6: Nhng mt thanh graphit c ph mt lp kim loi ha tr II vo dung dch CuSO4 d. Sau phn ng khi lng ca thanh graphit gim i 0,24g. Cng thanh graphit nu c nhng vo dung dch AgNO3 th sau phn ng xong thy khi lng thanh graphit tng ln 0,52g. Kim loi ha tr II l: A. Pb B. Cd C. Al D. Sn Bi 7: Ha tan hon ton 104,25 gam hn hp X gm NaCl v NaI vo nc c dung dch A. Sc kh Cl2 d vo dung dch A. Kt thc th nghim, c cn dung dch thu c 58,5gam mui khan. Khi lng NaCl c trong hn hp X l: A. 29,25g B. 58,5g C. 17,55g D. 23,4g Bi 8: Ngm mt vt bng Cu c khi lng 15g trong 340g dung dch AgNO3 6%. Sau mt thi gian ly vt ra thy khi lng AgNO3 trong dung dch gim 25%. Khi lng ca vt sau phn ng l: A. 3,24g B. 2,28g C. 17,28g D. 24,12g Bi 9: Nhng mt thanh km v mt thanh st vo cng mt dung dch CuSO4. Sau mt thi gian ly 2 thanh kim loi ra thy trong dung dch cn li c nng mol ZnSO 4 bng 2,5 ln nng FeSO4. Mt khc khi lng dung dch gim 2,2 gam. Khi lng Cu bm ln km v bm ln st ln lt l: A. 12,8g v 32g B. 64g v 25,6g C. 32g v 12,8g D. 25,6g v 64g Bi 10: Ngm mt inh st sch trong 200ml dung dch CuSO4, sau khi phn ng kt thc ly inh st ra khi dung dch, lm kh nhn thy khi lng inh st tng thm 0,8gam. a/ Vit phng trnh phn ng di dng phn t v ion thu gn b/ Cho bit vai tr cc cht tham gia phn ng c/ Xc nh nng mol/l ca dung dch CuSO4 Bi 11: Cho 6 gam mt cy nh st vo 200ml dung dch CuSO4 2M, sau mt thi gian ly inh st ra thy khi lng inh st l 6,12g a/ Tnh khi lng Cu bm vo inh st b/ Tnh CM thu c sau phn ng Bi 12: Ngm mt vt bng ng c khi lng 10gam trong 250gam dung dch AgNO3 4%. Khi ly vt ra th lng AgNO3 trong dung dch gim i 17% Xc nh khi lng ca vt sau phn ng. Bi 13: Ngm mt l km trong 100 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,1M. Vit phng trnh phn ng di dng phn t v ion thu gn, cho bit vai tr cc cht tham gia phn ng. Phn ng kt thc thu c bao nhiu gam bc v khi lng l km tng thm bao nhiu. Bi 14: Cho 2 thanh kim loi X c ha tr II v c khi lng bng nhau. Thanh 1 nhng vo dung dch Cu(NO3)2 v thanh 2 nhng vo dung dch Pb(NO3)2. Sau mt thi 8

gian thanh 1 gim 0,2% v thanh 2 tng 28,4% so vi ban u. S mol ca 2 thanh tham gia phn ng gim nh nhau. Tm X? Bi 15: Nhng thanh kim loi A ha tr 2 vo dung dch CuSO4 mt thi gian thy khi lng thanh gim 0,05% , cng nhng thanh kim loi trn vo dd Pb(NO3)2 th khi lng thanh tng 7,1%. Xc nh M bit s mol CuSO4v Pb(NO3)2 pu l nh nhau. Bi 16. Nung 100 gam hh Na2CO3 v NaHCO3 n khi lng khng i dc 69 gam cht rn. Xc nh % tng cht trong hn hp. Bi 17. Ha tan 23,8 g mui M2CO3 v RCO3 vo HCl thy thot ra 0,2 mol kh. C cn dd thu c bao nhiu g mui khan. L THUYT 1/ Cho kim loi tc dng vi dung dch axit Nu bit khi lng kim loi v s mol kh th tnh c khi lng kh v s mol axit tham gia phn ng Nu bit khi lng mui v s mol kh th tnh c khi lng kim loi v s mol axit Nu bit khi lng kim loi v khi lng mui th tnh c s mol kh v axit Bi 18: Cho 14,5gam hn hp Mg, Fe, Zn vo dung dch H2SO4 long d thu c 6,72 lit H2 ( ktc). Khi lng(gam) mui sunfat thu c l: A. 43,9g B. 43,3g C. 44,5g D. 34,3g Bi 19: Ha tan m gam hn hp A gm Fe v kim loi M( c ha tr khng i) trong dung dch HCl d th thu c 1,008 lit kh( ktc) v dung dch cha 4,575g mui khan. Gi tr m l: A. 1,38 B. 1,83g C. 1,41g D. 2,53g Bi 20: Ha tan hon ton 5g hn hp 2 kim loi bng dung dch HCl thu c dung dch A v kh B. C cn dung dch A thu c 5,71g mui khan. Th tch (lit) kh B thot ra l: A. 2,24 B. 0,224 C. 1,12 D. 0,112 2/ T hp cht A chuyn thnh hp cht B Kiu bi cho s mol 2 mui: Vi kiu bi ny ta tnh s chnh lch khi lng 2 gc axit tm s mol mui Kiu bi t oxit chuyn thnh mui: Vi kiu bi ny ta tnh s chnh lch gia khi lng mol nguyn t O v khi lng gc axit. Bi 21: Khi ly 3,33g mui clorua ca mt kim loi ch c khi lng II v mt lng mui nitrat ca kim loi c cng s mol nh mui clorua trn, thy khc nhau 1,59g. Kim loi trong 2 mui ni trn l: A. Mg B. Ba C. Ca D. Zn Bi 22: Ha tan 5,8g mui cacbonat MCO3 bng dung dch H2SO4 long, va thu c mt cht kh v dung dch G1. C cn G1 c 7,6g mui sunfat trung ha. Cng thc ha hc ca mui cacbonat l: A. MgCO3 B. FeCO3 C. BaCO3 D. CaCO3 Bi 23:(H A 2007): Ha tan hon ton 2,81g hn hp gm Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO trong 500ml dung dch H2SO4 0,1M( va ). Sau phn ng hn hp mui sunfat khan thu c sau khi c cn c khi lng l: A. 3,81g B. 4,81g C. 5,81g D. 6,81g 9

Bi 24: Nhit phn 9,4 gam Cu(NO3)2 mt thi gian thu c 7,24 g cht rn. Tnh hiu sut ca phn ng nhit phn S: 20% Bi 25: Nhit phn 16,2g AgNO3 mt thi gian thu c hn hp kh c tng hki lng 6,2gam. Tnh khi lng Ag to ra trong phn ng trn S: 5,4g Bi 26: Cho 10g st tc dng vi dung dch CuSO4, mt thi gian thu c cht rn A c khi lng 10,04g. Cho cht rn A tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long d thy to ra V lit kh NO duy nht ktc. Tnh gi tr V Bi 27: Khi cho 11g hn hp gm Al, Fe vo mt bnh ng dung dch HCl d, sau khi kt thc phn ng khi lng bnh tng thm 10,2 g. Tnh s mol mi kim loi trong hn hp S: Al: 0,2; Fe: 0,1 Bi 28: 3,78g Al phn ng va vi dung dch mui XCl3 to thnh dung dch Y. Khi lng cht tan trong Y gim 4,06g so vi dung dch XCl3. Xc nh cng thc mui XCl3? S: FeCl3 Bi 29: t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon A, dn ton b sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch nc vi trong d thy khi lng dung dch nc vi trong gim 14,1g ng thi to ra 30g kt ta. Tnh gi tr m? S: 3,9g

Cu 1: Hai thanh kim loi ging nhau (u to bi cng nguyn t R ho tr II) v c cng khi lng. Th thanh th nht vo dung dch Cu(NO3)2 v thanh th hai vo dung dch Pb(NO3)2. Sau mt thi gian, khi s mol 2 mui phn ng bng nhau ly 2 thanh kim loi ra khi dung dch thy khi lng thanh th nht gim i 0,2%, cn khi lng thanh th hai tng thm 28,4%. Tm nguyn t R. Cu 2: C 100 ml mui nitrat ca kim loi ho tr II (dung dch A). Th vo A mt thanh Pb kim loi, sau mt thi gian khi lng Pb khng i th ly n ra khi dung dch thy khi lng ca n gim i 28,6 gam. Dung dch cn li c th tip vo mt thanh Fe nng 100 gam. Khi lng st khng i na th ly ra khi dung dch, thm kh cn nng 130,2 gam. Hi cng thc ca mui ban u v nng mol ca dung dch A. Cu 3: Cho mt thanh Pb kim loi tc dng va vi dung dch mui nitrat ca kim loi ho tr II, sau mt thi gian khi khi lng thanh Pb khng i th ly ra khi dung dch thy khi lng n gim i 14,3 gam. Cho thanh st c khi lng 50 gam vo dung dch sau phn ng trn, khi lng thanh st khng i na th ly ra khi dung dch, ra sch, sy kh cn nng 65,1 gam. Tm tn kim loi ho tr II. Cu 4: Ho tan mui nitrat ca mt kim loi ho tr II vo nc c 200 ml dung dch (A). Cho vo dung dch (A) 200 ml dung dch K3PO4, phn ng xy ra va , thu c kt ta (B) v dung dch (C). Khi lng kt ta (B) v khi lng mui nitrat trong dung dch (A) khc nhau 3,64 gam. a) Tm nng mol/l ca dung dch (A) v (C), gi thit th tch dung dch thay i do pha trn v th tch kt ta khng ng k. b) Cho dung dch NaOH (ly d) vo 100 ml dung dch (A) thu c kt ta (D), lc ly kt ta (D) ri em nung n khi lng khng i cn c 2,4 gam cht rn. Xc nh kim loi trong mui nitrat.

10

BI TP PHNG PHP TRUNG BNH

Posted on 03/04/2010 by BI TP HA HC Cu 1: Cho hn hp 3 mui ACO3, BCO3, XCO3 tan trong dung dch HCl 1M va to ra 0,2 mol kh. Th tch (ml) dung dch HCl dng l: A. 200 B. 100 C. 150 D. 400 Cu 2: Hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi k tip nhau trong PNC nhm II. Ha tan hon ton 3,6g hn hp A trong HCl thu c kh B. Cho ton b lng kh B hp th ht bi 3 lit Ca(OH)2 0,015M thu c 4 gam kt ta. 2 kim loi trong mui cacbonat l: A. Mg,Ca B. Ca,Ba C. Be,Mg D. A v C Cu 3: Nung m gam hn hp X gm 2 mui cacbonat trung tnh ca 2 kim loi N v M u c ha tr II. Sau mt thi gian thu c 3,36 lit CO2(ktc) v cn li hn hp trn Y. Cho Y tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl d thu thm c 3,36 lit CO2( ktc). Phn dung dch em c cn thu c 32,5gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l: A. 22,9g B. 29,2g C. 35,8g D. Kt qu khc Cu 4: Thc hin phn ng tch nc 14,7g hn hp 2 ancol no,n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng bng H2SO4 c 170oC thu c hn hp 2 olefin v 5,58g nc. Cng thc 2 ancol l: A. C2H5OH, C3H7OH B. CH3OH, C2H5OH C. C3H7OH, C4H9OH D. C4H9OH, C5H11OH Cu 5: Mt hn hp cha 2 axit n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. trung ha dung dch ny cn dng 40ml dung dch NaOH 1,25M. C cn dung dch sau khi trung ha thu c 3,68 g hn hp mui khan. Cng thc 2 axit l: A. CH3COOH, C3H7COOH B. C2H5COOH, C3H7COOH C. HCOOH; CH3COOH D.p n khc Cu 6: un nng 7,2 gam este A vi dung dch NaOH d; phn ng kt thc thu c glixrol v 7,9gam hn hp mui. Cho ton b hn hp mui tc dng vi H2SO4 long thu c 3 axit hu c no n chc mch h D,E,F trong E,F l ng phn ca nhau; E l ng ng k tip ca D. Cng thc phn t ca cc axit l: A. C2H4O2; C3H6O2 B. C2H4O2; C3H6O2 C. C3H6O2; C4H8O2 D. Kt qu khc Cu 7: t chy hon ton 1 hn hp gm hai hirocacbon ng ng lin tip nhau thu c 25,76lit CO2 (ktc) v 27g H2O. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca 2 hirocacbon v tnh thnh phn % theo s mol mi cht Cu 8: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp 2 ancol ng ng lin tip ca ancol metylic ri cho sn phm ln lt qua bnh 1 ng H2SO4 v bnh 2 ng KOH rn. Khi lng bnh 1 tng 2,61 gam, khi lng bnh 2 tng 4,62 gam. Xc nh CTPT ca 2 ancol Cu 9: t chy hon ton 0,3 mol hn hp X gm 2 axit no A1, A2 thu c 11,2 lit kh CO2(ktc). trung ha 0,3 mol X cn 500ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Cng thc cu to ph hp ca 2 axit l: A. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH B. CH3COOH v HOOC-CH2-COOH C. HCOOH v HOOC-COOH D. HCOOH v C2H5COOH Cu 10: Hiro ha 3 gam hn hp X gm 2 anhit no, n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng c 3,16 g hn hp Y gm 2 ancol v 2 anhit d, 2 anhit l: A. HCHO v CH3CHO B. CH3CHO v C2H5CHO C. C2H5CHO v C3H7CHO D. C3H7CHO v C4H9CHO Cu 11: 1,1 gam hn hp A gm 2 ancol n chc, ng ng k tip tc dng vi Na d to ra 1,76 g hn hp ancolat. A l hn hp: A. C2H5OH; C3H7OH B. C3H5OH; C4H7OH C. CH3OH; C2H5OH D. C3H7OH; C4H9OH Cu 12: Cho axit oxalic tc dng vi hn hp 2 ancol n chc, ng ng lin tip thu c 5,28g hn hp 3 este trung tnh. Thy phn lng este trn bng dung dch NaOH va thu c 5,36 g mui. Hai ancol c cng thc: A. CH3OH; C2H5OH B. C2H5OH; C3H7OH C. C3H7OH; C4H9OH D. C4H9OH; C5H11OH

11

Cu 13: Nitro ha benzen c 14,1g hn hp gm hai cht nitro c khi lng phn t hn km nhau 45 vC. t chy hon ton hn hp 2 cht nitro ny c 0,07mol N2. Hai cht nitro l: A. C6H5NO2 v C6H4(NO2)2 B. C6H4(NO2)2 v C6H3(NO2)3 C. C6H3(NO2)3 v C6H2(NO2)4 D. C6H2(NO2)4 v C6H(NO2)5 Cu 14: Hn hp X gm 2 ancol no c s nguyn t bng nhau. t chy hon ton 0,25 mol X thu c 11,2 lit CO2(ktc). Mt khc 0,25 mol X em tc dng vi Na d thy thot ra 3,92 lit H2(ktc). Cc ancol ca X l: A. C3H7OH; C3H6(OH)2 B. C4H9OH; C4H8(OH)2 C. C2H5OH; C2H4(OH)2 D. C3H7OH; C3H5(OH)3 Cu 15: Mt hn hp X gm 2 axit cacboxylic no A, B khng tham gia phn ng trng bc c s nguyn t hn km nhau 1C. Nu trung ha 10,98g X bng mt lng NaOH va thu c 15,27g hn hp Y gm 2 mui. Nu lm bay hi 10,98g X 273oC, 1atm thu c th tch 6,72 lit. Cng thc cu to 2 axit l: A. CH3COOH v HOOC-CH2-COOH B. CH3COOH v HOOC-COOH C. CH3CH2COOH v HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH D. HCOOH v CH3COOH

BI TP V MUI CACBONAT + AXIT

Bi tp 1 : Cho 35 gam hn hp X gm Na2CO3 v K2CO3. Thm t t , khuy u 0,8 lit HCl 0,5 M vo dung dch X trn thy c 2,24 lit kh CO2 thot ra ktc v dung dch Y. Thm Ca(OH)2 vo dung dch Y c kt ta A. Tnh khi lng mi cht trong X v khi lng kt ta A ? Hng dn gii Bi ny nu hc sinh dng phng trnh phn t lm th s gp kh khn khi xt phn ng ca Ca(OH)2 vi dung dch Y to ra kt. Nn i vi bi ny ta nn s dng phng trnh ion. Gi s mol ca Na2CO3 l a, K2CO3 l b. Khi thm t t dd HCl vo dd X ln lt xy ra phn ng : CO32- + H+ => HCO3a+b a+b a+b Khi ton th CO bin thnh HCO HCO3- + H+ => CO2 + H2O 0,1 0,1 0,1 nCO = 2,24/ 22,4 = 0,1 mol. Dung dch sau phn ng tc dng Ca(OH)2 cho kt ta. Vy HCO d, H+ ht. HCO3- + Ca(OH)2 => CaCO3 + OH- + H2O = a + b + 0,1 = 0,5 . 0,8 = 0,4 hay a + b = 0,3 (1) v 106a + 138b = 35 (2). Gii h c a = 0,2 mol Na2CO3, b = 0,1 mol K2CO3. Do khi lng 2 mui l : mNa CO = 0,2 . 106 = 21,2 (g) mK CO = 0,1 . 138 = 13,8 (g) khi lng kt ta : nCaCO3 = nHCO3- d = a + b 0,1 = 0,2 mol mCaCO = 0,2 . 100 = 20 (g) Bi tp 2 : Cho 10,5 gam hn hp X gm Na2CO3 v K2CO3 tc dng vi HCl d th thu c 2,016 lit CO2 ktc. a, Tnh % khi lng X ? b, Ly 21 gam hn hp Na2CO3 v K2CO3 vi thnh phn % nh trn tc dng vi dung dch HCl va (khng c kh CO2 bay ra). Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 2M cn dng ?

12

c, Nu thm t t 0,12 lit dung dch HCl 2M vo dung dch cha 21 gam hn hp X trn. Tnh th tch CO2 thot ra ktc ?

Hng dn gii
Bi tp c th gii theo phng trnh phn t, nhng n phn b hc sinh s gp kh khn. V vy bi ny ta s gii theo phng trnh ion vi 2 trng hp cho mui vo axit v cho axit vo mui. a, Gi s mol ca Na2CO3 l a, K2CO3 l b, do HCl d. Vy CO bin thnh CO2 CO32- + 2 H+ => CO2 + H2O a+b a+b Ta c : a + b = 2,016/ 22,4 = 0,09 mol 106a + 138b = 10,5 gii h : a = 0,06 mol Na2CO3 b = 0,03 mol K2CO3 % Na2CO3 = = 60,57% % K2CO3 = 100% 60,57% = 39,43% b, Khi cho t t dung dch HCl vo dung dch X : Na2CO3, K2CO3 (21 gam = 2 . 10,5 gam hn hp trn). CO32- + H+ => HCO30,18 0,18 0,18 Nu khng c kh CO2 thot ra, tc l phn ng dng li y. nHCl = nH+ = 0,18 mol => VHCl 2M = 0,18/2 = 0,09(l) c, Nu dng 0,12 lit dung dch HCl 2M hay 0,12.2 = 0,24 mol H+ > 0,18 mol. Nn s c phng trnh : HCO3- + H+ => CO2 + H2O 0,06 0,06 VCO2 = 0,06.22,4 = 1,344 (l)

NHN BIT MT S CHT V C

1. Nhn bit NH3 - Dung dch phenolphtalein: Dung dch phenolphtalein t khng mu mu tm hng - Qu tm: Lm xanh giy qu tm - Giy tm dung dch HCl: C khi trng xut hin NH3 + HCl NH4Cl (tinh th mui) - Dung dch mui Fe2+: To dung dch c mu trng xanh do NH3 b dung dch mui Fe2+ hp th 2NH3 + Fe2+ + 2H2O Fe(OH)2 (trng xanh) + 2NH4+ 2. Nhn bit SO3 - Dung dch BaCl2: To kt ta trng, bn, khng phn hy 3. Nhn bit H2S - Giy tm Pb(NO3)2: Lm en giy tm H2S + Pb(NO3)2 PbS + HNO3 4. Nhn bit O3, Cl2 - Dung dch KI: Lm xanh giy tm h tinh bt O3 + 2KI + H2O 2KOH + O2 + I2 Cl2 + 2KI 2KCl + I2 I2 sau khi sinh ra th lm xanh giy tm h tinh bt 5. Nhn bit SO2 - Dung dch Br2: Lm nht mu nu ca dung dch Br2 SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O H2SO4 + 2HBr - Dung dch KMnO4: Lm nht mu dung dch thuc tm 5SO2 + 2KMnO4 + 2H2O K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 2H2SO4 - Dung dch H2S: To bt mu vng SO2 + 2H2S 3S + 2H2O

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- Dung dch I2: Nht mu vng ca dung dch I2 SO2 + I2 + 2H2O H2SO4 + 2HI - Dung dch Ca(OH)2 d: Lm cho nc vi trong b vn c SO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaSO3 + H2O 6. Nhn bit CO2 - Dung dch Ca(OH)2 d: Lm cho nc vi trong b vn c CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O 7. Nhn bit CO - Dung dch PdCl2: Lm vn c dung dch PdCl2 CO + PdCl2 + H2O Pd + HCl 8. Nhn bit NO2 - H2O, O2, Cu: NO2 tan tt trong nc vi s hin din ca khng kh, dung dch sinh ra ha tan Cu nhanh chng 4NO2 + 2H2O + O2 4HNO3 8HNO3 + 3Cu 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O 9. Nhn bit NO - Kh O2: Ha nu khi gp O2 2NO + O2 2NO2 (mu nu) - Dung dch mui Fe2+: B hp th bi dung dch mui Fe2+ to phc hp mu sm Fe2+ + NO [Fe(NO)]2+ 10. Nhn bit H2, CH4 - Bt CuO nung nng v d: Chy trong CuO nng l cho CuO mu en chuyn sang mu ca Cu H2 + CuO Cu (mu ) + H2O CH4 + CuO Cu (mu ) + CO2 + H2O Ring CH4 c to ra kh CO2 lm c nc vi trong c d 11. Nhn bit N2, O2 - Dng tn m que dim: N2 lm tt nhanh tn m que dim O2 lm bng chy tn m que dim

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