Roxas and Company, Inc. vs. DAMBA-NSFW and DAR FACTS: Roxas & Co.

is a domestic corporation and is the registered owner of three haciendas. On July 27, 1987, the Congress of the Philippines formally convened and took over legislative power from the President. This Congress passed Republic Act No. 6657, the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL) of 1988. The Act was signed by the President on June 10, 1988 and took effect on June 15, 1988. Before the laws effectivity, on May 6, 1988, [Roxas & Co.] filed with respondent DAR a voluntary offer to sell [VOS] Hacienda Caylaway pursuant to the provisions of E.O. No. 229. Haciendas Palico and Banilad were later placed under compulsory acquisition by DAR in accordance with the CARL. On August 6, 1992 [Roxas & Co.], through its President, sent a letter to theSecretary of DAR withdrawing its VOS of Hacienda Caylaway.The Sangguniang Bayan of Nasugbu, Batangas allegedly authorized the reclassification of Hacienda Caylaway from agricultural

to non-agricultural As a result, petitioner informed respondent DAR that it was applying for conversion of Hacienda Caylaway from agricultural to other uses. The petitions nub on the interpretation of Presidential Proclamation (PP) 1520 reads: DECLARING THE MUNICIPALITIES OF MARAGONDON AND TERNATE IN CAVITE PROVINCE AND THE MUNICIPALITY OF NASUGBU IN BATANGAS AS A TOURISTZONE, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES Essentially, Roxas & Co. filed its application for conversion of its three haciendas from agricultural to non-agricultural on the assumption that the issuance of PP 1520 which declared Nasugbu, Batangas as a tourism zone, reclassified them to non-agricultural uses. Its pending application notwithstanding, the Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) issued Certificates of Land Ownership Award (CLOAs) to the farmer-beneficiaries in the three haciendas including CLOA No. 6654 which was issued on October 15, 1993 covering 513.983 hectares, the subject of G.R. No. 167505. Roxas & Co. filed with the DAR an application for exemption from the coverage of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) of 1988 on the basis of PP 1520 and of DAR Administrative Order (AO) No. 6, Series of 1994 3 which states that all lands already classified as commercial, industrial, or residential before the effectivity of CARP no longer need conversion clearance from the DAR. ISSUES: Whether PP 1520 reclassified in 1975 all lands in the Maragondon-Ternate-Nasugbu tourism zone to non-agricultural useto exempt Roxas & Co.s three haciendas in Nasugbu from CARP coverage;

RULING: PP 1520 DID NOT AUTOMATICALLY CONVERT THE AGRICULTURAL LANDS IN THE THREE MUNICIPALITIES INCLUDINGNASUGBU TO NON-AGRICULTURAL LANDS. Roxas & Co. contends that PP 1520 declared the three municipalities as each constituting a tourism zone, reclassified all landstherein to tourism and, therefore, converted their use to non-agricultural purposes.The perambulatory clauses of PP 1520 identified only "certain areas in the sector comprising the [three Municipalities that] havepotential tourism value" and mandated the conduct of "necessary studies" and the segregation of "specific geographic areas" toachieve its purpose. Which is why the PP directed the Philippine Tourism Authority (PTA) to identify what those potential tourismareas are. If all the lands in those tourism zones were to be wholly

converted to non-agricultural use, there would have been noneed for the PP to direct the PTA to identify what those "specific geographic areas" are.In the above-cited case of Roxas & Co. v. CA, 9 the Court made it clear that the "power to determine whether Haciendas Palico,Banilad and Caylaway are non-agricultural, hence, exempt from the coverage of the [Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law] lies withthe [Department of Agrarian Reform], not with this Court." The DAR, an administrative body of special competence, denied, byOrder, the application for CARP exemption of Roxas & Co., it finding that PP 1520 did not automatically reclassify all the lands in theaffected municipalities from their original uses. It appears that the PTA had not yet, at that time, identified the "specific geographic areas" for tourism development and had no pending tourism development projects in the areas. Further, report from the Center for Land Use Policy Planning and Implementation (CLUPPI) indicated that the areas were planted with sugar cane and other crops.11Relatedly, the DAR, by Memorandum Circular No. 7, Series of 2004,12came up with clarificatory guidelines and therein decreed thatB. Proclamations declaring general areas such as whole provinces, municipalities, barangays, islands or peninsulas astourist zones that merely:(1) recognize certain still unidentified areas within the covered provinces, municipalities, barangays, islands, or peninsulasto be with potential tourism value and charge the Philippine Tourism Authority with the task to identify/delineate specificgeographic areas within the zone with potential tourism value and to coordinate said areas development; or (2) recognize the potential value of identified spots located within the general area declared as tourist zone (i.e. x x x x)and direct the Philippine Tourism Authority to coordinate said areas development;could not be regarded as effecting an automatic reclassification of the entirety of the land area declared as tourist zone. This is sobecause "reclassification of lands" denotes their allocation into some specific use and "providing for the manner of their utilizationand disposition (Sec. 20, Local Government Code) or the "act of specifying how agricultural lands shall be utilized for non-agricultural uses such as residential, industrial, or commercial, as embodied in the land use plan." A proclamation that merelyrecognizes the potential tourism value of certain areas within the general area declared as tourist zone clearly does not allocate,reserve, or intend the entirety of the land area of the zone for non-agricultural purposes. Neither does said proclamation direct thatotherwise CARPable lands within the zone shall already be used for purposes other than

agricultural.Moreover, to view these kinds of proclamation as a reclassification for non-agricultural purposes of entire provinces, municipalities,barangays, islands, or peninsulas would be unreasonable as it amounts to an automatic and sweeping exemption from CARP in thename of tourism development. The same would also undermine the land use reclassification powers vested in local governmentunits in conjunction with pertinent agencies of government.C. There being no reclassification, it is clear that said proclamations/issuances, assuming [these] took effect before June 15, 1988,could not supply a basis for exemption of the entirety of the lands embraced therein from CARP coverageD. The DARs reading into these general proclamations of tourism zones deserves utmost consideration, more especially in thepresent petitions which involve vast tracts of agricultural land. To reiterate, PP 1520 merely recognized the "potential tourism value" of certain areas within the general area declared as tourism zones

. It did not reclassify the areas to non-agricultural use.A mere reclassification of an agricultural land does not automatically allow a landowner to change its use since there is still that process of conversion before one is permitted to use it for other purposes

Spouses Castellano vs. Spouses Francisco (GR No. 155640)FACTS: Since 1955, spouses Francisco had been in possession of a parecel of land in Nueva Ecija. In 1976, pursuant to PD No. 27,respondent Florentino Francisco (Florentino) was issued Certificate of Land Transfer. Spouses Francisco alleged that in 1989, dueto extreme poverty, they borrowed P50,000 from petitioner Eugenia Castellano (Eugenia) and, in return, Eugenia would cultivateand possess the property until full payment of the loan. Spouses Francisco promised to pay within three years or until 1992. Their agreement was not reduced into writing. According to spouses Francisco, in the latter part of 1992, they offered to pay the loan butEugenia refused to accept payment. Spouses Francisco later learned that Eugenia was able to secure Emancipation Patent No.489877 and Transfer Certificate of Title in the name of Erlaine, Eugenia's son.In 1997, spouses Francisco filed a petition for cancellation of Erlaine's emancipation patent before the DARAB. Spouses Franciscoclaimed that ownership of the lot was transferred in Erlaine's name without their knowledge and consent. Spouses Franciscoasserted that all the documents necessary for the valid transfer of rights were fabricated and falsified. [7] In their answer, the Castellanos stated that spouses Francisco later informed them that they would no longer redeem the land. A transfer action was later initiated by the Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) Team Office and, on 15 October 1992, the Regional Director of the DAR, Region III, issued an order approving the transfer action in favor of Erlaine. The Castellanos denied that there was fraud and maintained that the standard procedure for a transfer action was followed. Regional Adjudicator ruled in favor of the Castellanos. It ruled that there were no irregularities in the transfer proceedings leading to the issuance of Erlaine's emancipation patent. The Regional Adjudicator declared that the waiver of rights executed by Florentino and his heirs, duly acknowledged before a notary public, enjoyed the presumption of regularity and validity. No evidence was presented to contradict the same. The mistake in the status of Florentino describing him as a widower was a mere oversight which Estelita Francisco later on ratified. Spouses Francisco appealed the decision to the DARAB. DARAB dismissed the appeal for lack of merit and affirmed the Regional Adjudicator's Decision. DARAB stated that it is the issuance of the emancipation patent in favor of the tenant beneficiary that vests him with absolute ownership of the land. The DARAB ruled that, with the issuance of Erlaine's emancipation patent, Erlaine had a superior right over spouses Francisco, who were mere holders of a certificate of land transfer. The DARAB also stated that the issuance of Erlaine's emancipation patent enjoyed the presumption of regularity and validity that is not overcome by the filing of an information for falsification of public document. Spouses Francisco appealed to the Court of Appeals. CA reversed DARABs decision. The Court of Appeals ruled that Erlaine's emancipation patent should be canceled because it was issued in violation of PD No. 27. Under PD No. 27, spouses Francisco could not make any valid form of transfer except to the government or, by hereditary succession, to their heirs. Since the basis for the transfer action and the issuance of Erlaine's emancipation patent was spouses Francisco's alienation of their possessory right infavor of Erlaine, the transaction is void.

ISSUES: Whether Erlaine's emancipation patent is valid. RULING: Erlaine's emancipation patent is valid. The Court of Appeals ruled that Erlaine's emancipation patent was void and should be canceled because spouses Francisco could not validly transfer ownership of the land to Erlaine. The Court of Appeals ruled that spouses Francisco's transfer of the rights or possession to the Castellanos violated PD No. 27 and is therefore void. Indeed, the sale or transfer of rights over a property coveredby a certificate of land transfer is void except when the alienation is made in favor of the government or through hereditary succession. In this case, however, the Court of Appeals failed to consider that the basis for the issuance of Erlaine's emancipation patent was Florentino's voluntary surrender of the land to the Samahang Nayon, which qualifies as surrender or transfer to the government. Petitioner's voluntary surrender to the Samahang Nayon qualifies as a surrender or transfer to the government because such action forms part of the mechanism for the disposition and the reallocation of farmholdings to tenant-farmers who refuse to become beneficiaries of PD 27. Under Memorandum Circular No. 8-80 of the then Ministry of Agrarian Reform, the Samahan shall, upon notice from the agrarian reform team leader, recommend other tenant-farmers who shall be substituted to all rights and obligations of the abandoning or surrendering tenant-farmer. In this case, Florentino's intention to surrender the land to the Samahang Nayon was clear. He executed a waiver of rights and voluntarily surrendered ownership over the land to the Samahang Nayon which in return, Samahang Nayon issued Resolution No. 6 acknowledging Florentino's surrender of the land and recommending three farmers, including Erlaine, to the DAR as agrarian reform beneficiaries. Florentino executed another salaysay stating that he had no objection to the transfer of the land in Erlaine's name because he already returned the land to the government. The records also show that the proper transfer action was undertaken. Therefore, Erlaine's emancipation patent is valid since it was issued pursuant to Florentino's voluntary surrender of the land to theSamahang Nayon, not pursuant to spouses Francisco's alienation of their possessory right to Eugenia

BEJASA vs. CA FACTS: This case involves two (2) parcels of land in Oriental Mindoro. The parcels of land are indisputably owned by Isabel Candelaria. On October 20, 1974, Candelaria entered into a three-year lease agreement over the land with Pio Malabanan(hereinafter referred to as "Malabanan"). In the contract, Malabanan agreed among other things: "to clear, clean and cultivate the land, to purchase or procure calamansi, citrus and rambutan seeds or seedlings, to attend and care for whatever plants are thereon existing, to make the necessary harvest of fruits, etc. Malabanan hired the Bejasas to plant on the land and to clear it. The Bejasas claim that they planted citrus, calamansi rambutan and banana trees on the land and shouldered all expenses of production Candelaria gave Malabanan a six-year usufruct over the land, modifying their first agreement. As per the agreement, Malabanan was under no obligation to share the harvests with Candelaria. In

1983, Malabanan died. Candelaria constituted respondent Jaime Dinglasan (hereinafter referred to as "Jaime) as her attorney-in-fact, having powers of administration over the disputed land. Candelaria entered into a new lease contract over the land with Victoria Dinglasan, Jaime's wife with a term of one year. Bejasas agreed to pay Victoria rent of P15,000.00 in consideration of an "aryenduhan" o r " pakyaw na bunga" agreement, with a term of one year. The agreement is below quoted: During the first week of December 1984, the Bejasas paid Victoria P7,000.00 as agreed. The balance of P8,000.00 was not fully paid. Only the amount of P4,000.00 was paid on January 11, 1985. After the aryenduhan expired, despite Victoria's demand to vacate the land, the Bejasas continued to stay on the land and did not give any consideration for its use, be it in the form of rent or a shared harvest. Candelaria and the Dinglasans again entered into a three-year lease agreement over the land. The special power of attorney in favor of Jaime was also renewed by Candelaria on the same date. Jaime filed a complaint before the Commission on the Settlement of Land Problems ("COSLAP"), seeking ejectment of the Bejasas. COSLAP dismissed the complaint. Jaime filed a complaint with the RTC against the Bejasas for "Recovery of possession with preliminary mandatory injunction and damages." The case was referred to the Department of Agrarian Reform ("DAR"). DAR certified that the case was not proper for trial before the civil courts. The trial court dismissed Jaime's complaint, including the Bejasas' counterclaim for leasehold, home lot and damages. Bejasas filed with the RTC a complaint for "confirmation of leasehold and home lot with recovery of damages against Isabel Candelaria and Jaime

Dinglasan. Trial court ruled in favor of the Bejasas. First, they reasoned that a tenancy relationship was established. This relationship can be created by and between a "person who furnishes the landholding as owner, civil law lessee, usufructuary, or legal possessor and the person who personally cultivates the same." Second, as bona-fide tenant-tillers, the Bejasas have security of tenure.Respondents filed their notice of appeal. Court of Appeals promulgated a decision reversing the trial court's ruling. Reasoning:First, not all requisites necessary for a leasehold tenancy relationship were met. There was no consent given by thelandowner. The consent of former civil law lessee, Malabanan, was not enough to create a tenancy relationship.When Malabanan engaged the services of the Bejasas, he only constituted them as mere overseers and did not make them "permanent tenants". Hence, petitioners elevated the case in SC. ISSUE: Whether there is a tenancy relationship in favor of the Bejasas. RULING: The elements of a tenancy relationship are: (1) the parties are the landowner and the tenant; (2) the subject is agricultural land; (3) there is consent; (4) the purpose is agricultural production; (5) there is personal cultivation; and (6) there is sharing of harvests.SC held that there is no tenancy relationship between the parties. Malabanan and the Bejasas. True, Malabanan (as Candelaria's usufructuary) allowed the Bejasas to stay on and cultivate the land. However, even if we assume that he had the authority to give consent to the creation of a tenancy relation, still, no such relation existed. There was no proof that they shared the harvests. Candelaria and the Bejasas. Between them, there is no tenancy relationship.Candelaria as landowner never gave her consent.The Bejasas admit that prior to 1984, they had no contact with Candelaria. They acknowledge that Candelaria could argue that she did not know of Malabanan's

arrangement with them. True enough Candelaria disavowed any knowledge that the Bejasas during Malabanan's lease possessed the land. However, the Bejasas claim that this defect was cured when Candelaria agreed to lease the land to the Bejasas for P20,000.00 per annum, when Malabanan died.SC do not agree. In a tenancy agreement, consideration should be in the form of harvest sharing. Even assuming that Candelaria agreed to lease it out to the Bejasas for P20,000 per year, such agreement did not create a tenancy relationship, but a mere civil law lease. Even assuming that the Dinglasans had the authority as civil law lessees of the land to bind it in a tenancy agreement, there is no proof that they did. Again, there was no agreement as to harvest sharing. The only agreement between them is the "aryenduhan", which states in no uncertain terms the monetary consideration to be paid, and the term of the contract. Not all the elements of tenancy being met.

SALMORIN vs. ZALDIVAR FACTS: On July 15, 1989, respondent Dr. Pedro Zaldivar, as legal possessor of a lot in Antique, entered into an agreement (Kasugtanan) with Salmorin designating him as administrator of the lot with a monthly salary of P150. Salmorin allegedly did not comply with the terms of the Kasugtanan when he failed to till the vacant areas. This compelled Zaldivar to terminate his services and eject him from the lot. When Salmorin refused to vacate the property, Zaldivar filed a complaint for unlawful detainer against him in the MCTC. In his answer, Salmorin alleged the existence of a tenancy relationship between him and Zaldivar. Thus, he claimed that the case was an agrarian matter over which the MCTC had no jurisdiction. MCTC found that the case was in the nature of an agrarian dispute and dismissed the case for lack of jurisdiction Zaldivar appealed to RTC which ruled in his favor. The RTC found that the consent of the landowner and sharing of the harvest, which were requisites for the existence of a tenancy relationship, did not exist. Thus, it ruled that the MCTC had jurisdiction over the case and ordered the reinstatement of Civil Case. Salmorin appealed the RTC decision to the CA but the latter upheld the decision of the RTC. He now seeks a reversal of the RTC and CA decisions. ISSUES: Whether or not there is a tenancy relationship between the petitioner and the respondent. RULING: Contrary to the findings of the MCTC, both the RTC and the CA found that there was no tenancy relationship between Salmorin and Zaldivar. A tenancy relationship cannot be presumed. In Saul v. Suarez, we held: There must be evidence to prove the tenancy relations such that all its indispensable elements must be established, to wit: (1) the parties are the landowner and the tenant; (2) the subject is agricultural land; (3) there is consent by the landowner; (4) the purpose is agricultural production; (5) there is personal cultivation; and (6) there is sharing of the harvests. All these requisites are necessary to create tenancy relationship, and the absence of one or more requisites will not make the alleged tenant a de facto tenant. All these elements must concur. It is not enough that they are alleged. To divest the MCTC of jurisdiction, these elements must all be shown to be present. Tenancy is a legal relationship established by the existence of particular facts as required by law. In this case, the RTC and CA correctly found that the third and sixth elements, namely, consent of the landowner and sharing of the harvests, respectively, were absent. We find no compelling reason to disturb the factual findings of the

RTC and the CA. The fact alone of working on another's landholding does not raise a presumption of the existence of agricultural tenancy . There must be substantial evidence on record adequate to prove the element of sharing. Salmorins attempt to persuade us by way of a certification coming from the Barangay Agrarian Reform Committee attesting that he was abonafide tenant of Zaldivar deserves scant consideration. Certifications issued by municipal agrarian reform officers are not binding onthe courts. In a given locality, merely preliminary or provisional are the certifications or findings of the secretary of agrarian reform (or of an authorized representative) concerning the presence or the absence of a tenancy relationship between the contending parties; hence, such certifications do not bind the judiciary. SC noted that agricultural share tenancy was declared contrary to public policy and, thus, abolished by the passage of RA 3844, as amended. Share tenancy exists: Whenever two persons agree on a joint undertaking for agricultural production wherein one party furnishes the land and the other his labor, with either or both contributing any one or several of the items of production, the tenant cultivating the land personally with the aid of labor available from members of his immediate farm household, and the produce thereof to be divided between the landholder and the tenant . 17 Saul vs. Suarez (G.R. No. 166664) FACTS: Petitioner Domingo C. Suarez owns hectares agricultural land in South Cotabato. A complaint for reinstatement with preliminary mandatory injunction, recovery of possession and damages was filed against him and Tboli Agro-IndustrialDevelopment, Inc. (TADI) before the Office of the Provincial Adjudicator, Department of Agrarian Reform Adjudicatory Board(DARAB), by respondents Leo B. Saul, Roger S. Brillo, Efrain S. Brillo, Eleno S. Brillo and Ignacio G. Pelaez. Respondents alleged that they were agricultural tenants in petitioners land on a 25-75 sharing agreement; that after two croppings, petitioner voluntarily offered the land for sale to the government under a Voluntary Offer to Sell (VOS) that they signed the documents for the transfer of the land under the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) as farmer-beneficiaries, and petitioner, as landowner; and that the sale was approved by the local Land Valuation Office of the Land Bank of the Philippines(LBP). Respondents claimed that while the VOS was being processed, they were summarily ejected from the property by TADI after the latter entered into a Grower Agreement with Contract to Buy with petitioner thereby depriving them of their landholdings. Petitioner filed an Answer contending that respondents were installed as tenants, not by him, but by the Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) in South Cotabato. He admitted that he voluntarily offered his land for sale to the government under the CARP but denied knowledge of the certification issued by the LBP. He denied the existence of a growers contract between him and TADI over the subject land. For its part, TADI claimed that its growers contract with petitioner covered parcels of land different from those being claimed by respondents. Regional Adjudicator dismissed the complaint for lack of merit. The adjudicator found that respondents failed to prove their alleged tenancy over petitioners land. While they were identified as potential farmer-beneficiaries of the land subject of the VOS, they only have an inchoate right to the land since its coverage under the CARP has yet to be completed. On appeal, the DARAB Central Office rendered

a Decision reversing the Regional Adjudicator. It observed that petitioner admitted that respondents were his tenants. It further held that: ... it is in fact immaterial whether the subject landholding is covered by the alleged growers contract or not. What is clear in the instant case is the fact that herein appellants were illegally ejected from their respective tenanted lands. If indeed the subject land is not covered by the growers contract, if theres any, the act of defendant-appellee TADI in ejecting the tenants-appellants was beyond authority, hence, illegal. Assuming arguendo that the subject landholding is truly covered in the said contract, the contracting parties are required under the law to respect the tenurial rights of the tenants therein. [11] Petitioner elevated the matter to the Court of Appeals which affirmed the DARAB. Upon denial of the motion for reconsideration, petitioner filed the instant petition. Petitioner contends that there is no basis in holding that respondents were his tenants. He denies having admitted that they were his tenants, and insists that there is no proof to prove the existence of tenancy relations. He asserts that he did not eject respondents from their landholdings by entering into a growers contract over the subject land with TADI. ISSUE: Whether or not, the respondents are bona fide agricultural tenants under the law. RULING: There is nothing in the records to suggest that respondents were petitioners bona fide tenants prior to their designation by the DARas potential farmer-beneficiaries under the CARP. There is no evidence to prove tenancy arrangement between petitioner and respondents before the formers voluntary offer to convey the land to the government. In holding that respondents were bona fide tenants of petitioner, the DARAB and the appellate court relied solely on the alleged admission in petitioners answer to the complaint, to wit: 3. Defendant admits the averments in paragraph IV of the complaint. The fourth paragraph of the complaint states: 4. That plaintiffs were instituted sometime in 1993 and were given three (3) hectares each respectively, while for plaintiff Roger Brillo was given 2 hectares; the sharing of the parties involved was 25-75in favor of the tenants; after for two croppings defen dant D. Suarez approached and offered the land by Voluntary Offer to Sale (VOS) last November 1993 in our favor (plaintiffs-tenants) and the papers for VOS was processed in the office of Department [of] Agrarian Reform (DAR) Koronadal, South Cotabato; [16] We find that the above admission was taken out of context. While petitioner admitted that respondents were tenants in the land, he qualified in paragraph 2 of his answer that it was the DAR who installed them as such. Clearly, it was the DAR who placed respondents in actual possession of the land upon petitioners offer to transfer the same to the government. Other than this supposed admission, there is no evidence on record to prove the tenancy relations. Respondents did not substantiate their claim with evidence to show that they were agricultural tenants in petitioners land. They did not allege actual cultivation or specify thecrop produced thereby. Neither did they mention how much of the produce was delivered to petitioner or submit receipts to prove the purported 25-75 sharing of harvests. They did not state, much less prove, the circumstances of their agreement with petitioner as to the alleged tenancy relationship. Thus, there is no basis to the claim that they are agricultural tenants on the property.SC held that a tenancy relationship cannot be presumed. There must be

evidence to prove the tenancy relations such that all its indispensable elements must be established, to wit: (1) the parties are the landowner and the tenant; (2) the subject is agricultural land; (3) there is consent by the landowner; (4) the purpose is agricultural production; (5) there is personal cultivation; and (6) there is sharing of the harvests. All these requisites are necessary to create tenancy relationship, and the absence of one or more requisites will not make the alleged tenant a de facto tenant. It is clear therefore that the subject matter of the growers contract did not include the land subject of the VOS. Thus, petitioner could not have caused respondents ejectment from the subject property by virtue of his transactions with TADI, since whenever authorized the latter to plant on the subject land. Respondents ejectment from the land was not pursuant to the contract petitioner had entered into with TADI who appears to have entered the land without petitioners consent. Thus, it was error for the appellate court to affirm DARABs conclusion that it is immaterial whether the subject landholding is covered by the alleged growers contract or not. It is, in every sense, material to the determination of the case because petitioner is sought to be held liable for respondents ejectment due allegedly to the contract. If the disputed land is not the subject of the contract, as in fact it is not, then respondents cannot claim that petitioner illegally ejected them from the land. Consequently, they have no cause of action against petitioner, since the latter did not commit any act that resulted in their dispossession. In this case, there is no showing that there exists a tenancy relationship between petitioner and respondents .Likewise, respondents have no tenancy relationship with TADI, against whom they principally have a cause of action. The controversy is civil in nature since it involves the issue of material possession, independent of any question pertaining to agricultural tenancy. Hence, the case falls outside the jurisdiction of DARAB; it is cognizable by the regular courts. WHEREFORE, t h e i n s t a n t p e t i t i o n i s GRANTED. T h e c o m p l a i n t i n D A R A B C a s e N o . X I - 2 4 9 - S C - 9 5 i s hereby DISMISSED . Soliman, et al vs. PASUDECO (GR No. 169589) FACTS:

The property subject of this case is situated in Pampanga, with an area of ten (10) hectares, more or less, previously coveredby Transfer Certificate of Title (TCT) and formerly owned by one Dalmacio Sicat (Dalmacio). Dalmacio offered to sell the subjectproperty to respondent Pampanga Sugar Development Company (PASUDECO), a domestic corporation engaged in sugar milling,to be used as a housing complex for PASUDECO's laborers and employees. The land was offered for sale at the price of P8.00 per square meter. On January 26, 1970, Dalmacio reduced the price to P5.00 per square meter. In a meeting held on April 15, 1970,the Board of Directors of PASUDECO issued Board Resolution No. 057 authorizing the purchase of the subject property at P4.00per square meter. Dalmacio and his tenants jointly filed a Petition with the then Court of Agrarian Relations (CAR) seeking approval of the voluntary surrender of the subject property with payment of disturbance compensation. On the same date, the CAR rendered a Decision, approving the voluntary surrender of the subject property by the tenants to Dalmacio, thus, terminating their tenancy relationship effective May 21, 1970, the date when the parties entered into the agreement. On May 22, 1970, a Deed of Sale with Mortgage

was executed between Dalmacio and PASUDECO. Thereafter, the documents needed for the conversion of the land to residential p urposes were prepared, However, due to financial setbacks suffered after the imposition of Martial Law in 1972, PASUDECO deferred the construction of the housing project. PASUDECO averred that no person was authorized to occupy and/or cultivate the subject property. On the other hand, the petitioners have a totally different version. Petitioners claimed that, sometime in November 1970, they started working on the subject property with a corresponding area of tillage. A Certification was also issued by the Samahang Nayon in favor of petitioner Joaquin Soliman with respect to the remaining area of 1.5 hectares. Likewise, the Barangay Chairperson of Macabacle, Bacolor, Pampanga, certified that the eight (8)petitioners had been the actual tenant-tillers of the subject property from 1970 up to the present, and that petitioner Baldomero Almario (Baldomero) was issued Certificate of Land Transfer (CLT). The Ocular Inspection and the Investigation Report issued by the Municipal Agrarian Reform Officer (MARO) on March 13,1990 showed that since 1970, petitioners cultivated the subject property, allegedly managed by the late respondent Gerry Rodriguez(Gerry), manager of PASUDECO from 1970-1991. Petitioners alleged that in 1970, Gerry made one Ciriaco Almario (Ciriaco) hisoverseer/caretaker, tasked to collect lease rentals from petitioners. In turn, Ciriaco remitted the rentals to Gerry. On May 14, 1990,C i r i a c o c e r t i f i e d t h a t p e t i t i o n e r s w e r e t h e a c t u a l t e n a n t - t i l l e r s o f t h e s u b j e c t p r o p e r t y . M o r e o v e r , petitioners deposited their alleged rentals with the Land Bank of the Philippines (LBP), as land amortizations, in varying amounts,from 1989 to 1993, as shown by the official receipts issued by LBP. Thus, petitioners averred that from 1970 up to 1990 or for aperiod of almost twenty (20) years, they had been in actual and peaceful possession and cultivation of the subject property. The real controversy arose when PASUDECO decided to pursue the development of the property into a housing project for itsemployees. Petitioners filed a Complaint for Maintenance of Peaceful Possession with a Prayer for the issuance of a PreliminaryInjunction against Gerry before the PARAD to restrain him from harassing and molesting petitioners in their respective landholdings.Petitioners alleged that Gerry, together with armed men, entered the property and destroyed some of their crops. Traversing thecomplaint, Gerry raised as one of his defenses the fact that PASUDECO was the owner of the subject property. Thus, on November 26, 1990, petitioners filed their Amended Complaint impleading PASUDECO as a party-defendant. Meanwhile, PASUDECOasserted that petitioners were not tenants but merely interlopers, usurpers and/or intruders into the subject property. Trial on the merits ensued. In the process, the PARAD conducted an ocular inspection and found that the subject property was planted with palay . There were also several dikes or pilapil dividing the subject property. The PARAD also observed that there wasa big sign installed therein, reading Future Site of PASUDECO Employees Housing Project.The PARAD dismissed petitioners' complaint and denied their application for the writ of preliminary injunction. ThePARAD held that petitioners had not shown direct and convincing proof that they were tenants of the subject property. Petitionerscould not show any receipt proving payment of lease rentals either to PASUDECO or Gerry. In addition to the absence of sharing,the PARAD ruled that there was no consent given by PASUDECO in order to create a tenancy relationship in favor of thepetitioners. Aggrieved, petitioners filed a Notice of Appeal with the DARAB. DARAB rendered its Decision in favor of the petitioners,reversing the findings and

conclusions of the PARAD. The DARAB held that, without the approval of the conversion application filedby PASUDECO, it could not be substantiated that the subject property was indeed residential property intended for housingpurposes. Because of this, and the fact that petitioners tilled the subject property for almost twenty (20) years, the same remainedagricultural in character. Moreover, the DARAB held that, contrary to the findings of the PARAD, the elements of cons ent andsharing were present in this case. The DARAB, citing Section 5 of Republic Act (R.A.) No. 3844, ratiocinated that petitioners enteredthe subject property in 1970 upon the request of Ciriaco who, with the consent of Gerry as manager of PASUDECO, was authorizedto look for people to cultivate the subject property. Petitioners cultivated the same and shared their harvests with PASUDECO,received by Gerry through Ciriaco. Later on, when Gerry refused to accept their lease rentals, petitioners deposited the money withLBP. The DARAB opined that these pieces of evidence established the fact of consent and sharing. While express consent was notgiven, the fact that Gerry accepted the lease rentals for a considerable number of years signified an implied consent which, in turn,bound PASUDECO.CA reversed the DARAB's ruling and reinstated the PARAD's decision. The CA held that, while the subject property wasagricultural, there was no tenancy relationship between the parties, express or implied. The CA concurred in the findings of thePARAD and found no credible evidence to support the contention that petitioners were de jure tenants inasmuch as the elements of consent and sharing were absent. CA reiterated that tenancy is not merely a factual relationship but also a legal relationship; hence,the fact that PASUDECO, being the owner of the subject property, was uninvolved in and oblivious to petitioners' cultivation thereof,tenancy relations did not exist. Thus, the CA concluded that in the absence of any tenancy relationship between the parties, thecase was outside the jurisdiction of the DARAB. Petitioners filed their Motion for Reconsideration, which was denied by the CA in its Resolution. ISSUE: Whether petitioners are de jure tenants of the subject property.

RULING: Tenants are defined as persons who in themselves and with the aid available from within their immediate farm households cultivate the land belonging to or possessed by another, with the latter's consent, for purposes of production, sharing the producewith the landholder under the share tenancy system, or paying to the landholder a price certain or ascertainable in produce or money or both under the leasehold tenancy system. Based on the foregoing definition of a tenant, entrenched in jurisprudence are the following essential elements of tenancy: 1)the parties are the landowner and the tenant or agricultural lessee; 2) the subject matter of the relationship is an agricultural land; 3)there is consent between the parties to the relationship; 4) the purpose of the relationship is to bring about agricultural production; 5)there is personal cultivation on the part of the tenant or agricultural lessee; and 6) the harvest is shared between landowner andtenant or agricultural lessee. The presence of all these elements must be proved by substantial evidence. Unless a person hasestablished his status as a de jure tenant, he is not entitled to security of tenure and is not covered by the Land Reform Program of the Government under existing tenancy laws. Tenancy rela tionship cannot be presumed. Claims

that one is a tenant do notautomatically give rise to security of tenure.The pronouncement of the DARAB that there is, in this case, tenancy by operation of law under Section 5 of R.A. No. 3844 isnot correct. In Reyes v. Reyes SC held: Under R.A. 3844, two modes are provided for in the establishment of an agricultural leasehold relation:(1) by operation of law in accordance with Section 4 of the said act; or (2) by oral or written agreement, either express or implied. By operation of law simply means the abolition of the agricultural share tenancy system andthe conversion of share tenancy relations into leasehold relations. The other method is the agriculturalleasehold contract, which may either be oral or in writing. Rather, consistent with the parties' assertions, what we have here is an alleged case of tenancy by implied consent. As such,crucial for the creation of tenancy relations would be the existence of two of the essential elements, namely, consent and sharingand/or payment of lease rentals. After a meticulous review of the records, we find that the elements of consent and sharing and/or payment of leaserentals are absent in this case.

Tenancy relationship can only be created with the consent of the true and lawful landholder who is either the owner, lessee,usufructuary or legal possessor of the property, and not through the acts of the supposed landholder who has no right to the property subject of the tenancy. To rule otherwise would allow collusion among the unscrupulous to the prejudice of the true and lawful landholder . As duly found by the PARAD and the CA, Gerry was not authorized to enter into a tenancy relationship with thepetitioners. In fact, there is no proof that he, indeed, entered into one. Other than their bare assertions, petitioners rely on thecertification of Ciriaco who, likewise, failed to substantiate his claim that Gerry authorized him to select individuals and install themas tenants of the subject property. Absent substantial evidence showing Ciriaco's authority from PASUDECO, or even from Gerry, togive consent to the creation of a tenancy relationship, his actions could not give rise to an implied tenancy. [49] Likewise, the alleged sharing and/or payment of lease rentals was not substantiated other than by the deposit-payments withthe LBP, which petitioners characterized as amortizations. We cannot close our eyes to the absence of any proof of payment prior tothe deposit-payments with LBP. Not a single receipt was ever issued by Gerry, duly acknowledging payment of these rentals fromCiriaco who, allegedly, personally collected the same from the petitioners. Notably, the fact of working on another's landholding,standing alone, does not raise a presumption of the existence of agricultural tenancy. Substantial evidence necessary to establishthe fact of sharing cannot be satisfied by a mere scintilla of evidence; there must be concrete evidence on record adequate to provethe element of sharing. Thus, to prove sharing of harvests, a receipt or any other credible evidence must be presented, becauseself-serving statements are inadequate. [50] The certifications attesting to petitioners' alleged status as de jure tenants are insufficient. In a given locality, the certificationissued by the Secretary of Agrarian Reform or an authorized representative, like the MARO or the BARC, concerning the presenceor the absence of a tenancy relationship between the contending parties, is considered merely preliminary or provisional, hence,such certification does not bind the judiciary. The onus

rests on the petitioners to prove their affirmative allegation of tenancy, which they failed to discharge with substantial evidence. Simply put, he who makes an affirmative allegation of an issue has the burden of proving the same, and in the case of the plaintiff in a civil case, the burden of proof never parts. The same rule applies to administrative cases. In fact, if the complainant,upon whom rests the burden of proving his cause of action, fails to show in a satisfactory manner the facts upon which he bases hisclaim, the respondent is under no obligation to prove his exception or defense. [52] Petitioners' assertion that they were allowed to cultivate the subject property without opposition, does not mean thatPASUDECO impliedly recognized the existence of a leasehold relation. Occupancy and continued possession of the land will not ipso facto make one a de jure tenant, because the principal factor in determining whether a tenancy relationship exists is intent. This much we said in VHJ Construction and Development Corporation v. Court of Appeals, where we held that: Indeed, a tenancy relationship cannot be presumed. There must be evidence to prove this allegation.The principal factor in determining whether a tenancy relationship exists is intent. Tenancy is not

a purelyfactual relationship dependent on what the alleged tenant does upon the land. It is also a legal relationship .As we ruled in Chico v. Court of Appeals [347 SCRA 35 (2000)]:"Each of the elements hereinbefore mentioned is essential to create a de jure leasehold or tenancyrelationship between the parties. This de jure relationship, in turn, is the terra firma for a security of tenurebetween the landlord and the tenant. The leasehold relationship is not brought about by a mere congruence of facts but, being a legal relationship, the mutual will of the parties to that relationship should be primordial." Thus, the intent of the parties, the understanding when the farmer is installed, and their writtenagreements, provided these are complied with and are not contrary to law, are even more important. WHEREFORE , the instant Petition is DENIED and the Decision of the Court of Appeals is AFFIRMED

Jeremias vs. Estate of Mariano (GR No. 174649) FACTS: Irene P. Mariano (Irene), a widow, owned two parcels of land covered by Transfer Certificates of Title (TCTs) with an aggregate area of a little more than 27 hectares. In 1972, the said parcels of land were placed under the Operation Land Transfer program pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 27, and accordingly, the tenanted portion of the landholdings were subdivided amongidentified tenant-beneficiaries, and a subdivision plan was made. One of the more than 40 tenant-beneficiaries of the two titledproperties of Irene P. Mariano, who were already given emancipation patents, was Santiago Jeremias, father of petitioner LeopoldoJeremias (Leopoldo), whose apportionments consisted of three lots within TCT. On 26 June 1988, Irene P. Mariano died intestateand was succeeded by her two children, Jose P. Mariano and Erlinda M. Villanueva. In an unsigned hand-written letter dated, Helen S. Mariano, wife of heir Jose P. Mariano, and despite the fact that the estate of thelate Irene Mariano remained unpartitioned and still under intestate proceedings, allegedly instituted Ruben Vias (Ruben) as atenant.Sometime in 1991, Danilo David P. Mariano (Danilo) was appointed as administrator of respondent Estate of Irene P. Mariano.Danilo, lodged before the PARAD two separate complaints for ejectment

and damages against Leopoldo and Ruben. In the complaint against Leopoldo, respondent Danilo averred that sometime in July 1993, he discovered that the former entered theland, which lands were inside the Estates landholding covered by TCT No. 6887, and planted various agricultural products, withouthis knowledge and consent. Respondent Danilo further alleged that Leopoldo was not a tenant of Irene. It was his father, SantiagoJeremias, who was her tenant in lots, which are also inside the property covered by TCT No. 6887. After Leopoldos refusal to vacate said lots despite oral and formal demands, respondent made a formal complaint for ejectment with the Barangay AgrarianReform Council (BARC), which proved futile since the parties failed to amicably settle the case. In his answer, Leopoldo denied he unl awfully entered the lots. He claimed that he cultivated and farmed these lots upon the permission and tolerance of Irene P. Mariano, the registered owner. He likewise averred that being the son of Santiago Jeremias ,the tenant of Irene P. Mariano, he lawfully acquired the right to cultivate said lots by virtue of succession . In the case against Ruben Vias (Ruben), respondent Danilo alleged that in June 1993, he came to know of the fact of Rubensintrusion and cultivation of Lots No. 25 and No. 48 which are within the landholding covered by TCT No. 6886. When respondentmade verbal and formal demands for Ruben to vacate the areas, the latter declined to heed the demands. Ruben, on the other hand, answered that his cultivation of the areas was pursuant to a hand-written letter of Helen S. Mariano instituting him as a tenantof said lots. PARAD ruled in favor of the respondent and ordered Leopoldo and Ruben to vacate the subject lots. Leopoldo and Ruben filed a notice of appeal with the PARAD. In their Appell ants Brief before the DARAB, they assailed thePARADs reliance on the subdivision plan in ruling that the lots that were the subject matter of the controversy were nottenanted. They asserted that the PARAD should not take all the annotations in the subdivision plan as the absolute truth, since theywere not privy to its preparation; there was a possibility therefore, that they were not notified by the authorities of the date of thesurvey; hence, it could happen that the lots they tilled as tenants were not identified or listed in their names. Leopoldo lamented thePARADs failure to give weight to the receipts of rentals and certification from the Land Bank of the Philippines in his favor. Although these receipts and certifications did not indicate the farm lots the payments pertained to, he insisted that such doubt must be resolved in his favor in line with the constitutional and agrarian statutes mandate that interpretation must be on the tenants side. For his part, Ruben stressed that the proviso in the letter instituting him as tenant in Lots No. 25 and No. 48, which stipulated that hewould vacate the same was neither legal nor binding on him since it violated Section 49 of Republic Act No. 1199,otherwiseknown as the Agricultural Tenancy Act of 1954. DARAB promulgated its decision which favored Leopoldo and Ruben, by reversing and setting aside the PARAD decision. Under the belief that all the lots of respondent Estates landholdings covered under TCTs No. 6886 and No. 6887 were tenanted, the DARAB was of the opinion that respondent could not claim that the disputed lots (within TCTs No. 6886 and No. 6887) could not be legally retained by respondent Estate, since the area of respondents landholdings exceeded 24 hectares; and under Presidential Decree No. 27, landowners are not entitled to retention if they own more than 24 hectares of rice and corn lands.

The DARAB said that even if respondent merely owned tenanted rice and corn land totaling less than 24 hectares, still it had noright of retention, since he had other lands used for residential, commercial and other urban purposes wherein it derived sufficient income to support itself . Under Administrative Order No. 4, Series of 1991, a supplemental guideline of Presidential Decree No. 27,the right of retention cannot be had by a landowner even if he has less than 24 hectares of rice and corn lands if he additionallyowns lands for residential, commercial, industrial or urban purposes, from which he derives adequate income to support himself andhis family. The DARAB considered the subdivision plan as a mere scrap of paper, and it could not be used as evidence, becausesaid document was not signed by the approving officer who made it. Moreover, the DARAB ruled that the letter signed by Mrs.Helen Mariano, the wife of Jose Mariano, a co-owner of the subject lots, effectively made Ruben a lawful possessor and cultivator.The DARAB explained that since Helen Mariano signed on behalf of her husband, the principal, then she became the agent of her husband. Considering that the husband did not repudiate the act of Helen Mariano, such agency subsists. Hence, the institution of Ruben to till the lots in question must be respected. Petitioners filed a motion for reconsideration but it was denied by DARAB. Dissatisfied, respondent appealed the judgment to theCourt of Appeals. The Court of Appeals promulgated a decision in favor of respondent. It reversed and set aside the verdict of the DARAB and reinstated the decision of the PARAD. Leopoldo filed a motion for reconsideration as well as Rubens heirs but it was denied by CA.To support his stance, Leopoldo maintains that he cultivated Lots No. 1B3D, No. 1B3E, No. 1B3H and No. 1B3Q since the 1960swith the consent and permission of the late Irene P. Mariano. The Heirs of Ruben are of the posture that Ruben became a tenant of Lots No. 25 and No. 48 pursuant to a written letter instituting him as such. ISSUE: Whether or not they are tenants of the lands belonging to respondent and, consequently, entitled to security of tenure. RULING: Tenancy relationship arises if all the following essential requisites are present: 1) that the parties are the landowner and the tenant or agricultural lessee; 2) that the subject matter of the relationship is an agricultural land; 3) that there is consent between the parties to the relationship; 4) that the purpose of the relationship is to bring about agricultural production; 5) that there is personal cultivation on the part of the tenant or agricultural lessee; and 6) that the harvest is shared between the landowner and the tenant or agricultural lessee. [9] Claims that one is a tenant do not automatically give rise to security of tenure. [10] The elements of tenancy must first be proved inorder to entitle the claimant to security of tenure. A tenant has been defined under Section 5(a) of Republic Act No. 1199, otherwise known as the Agricultural Tenancy Act of thePhilippines, as a person who, himself, and with the aid available from within his immediate farm household, cultivates the land belonging to or possessed by another, with the latters consent for purposes of production, sharing the produce with the landholder under the share tenancy system, or paying to the landholder a price certain or ascertainable in produce or in money or both, under the leasehold system.

This Court had once ruled that self-serving statements regarding tenancy relations could not establish the claimed relationship. Thefact alone of working on anothers landholding does not raise a presumption of the existence of agricultural tenancy. Substantial evidence entails not only the presence of a mere scintilla of evidence in order that the fact of sharing can be established; there must also be concrete evidence on record that is adequate to prove the element of sharing. [14] In fact, this Court likewise ruled that to prove sharing of harvests, a receipt or any other evidence must be presented; self-serving statements are deemed inadequate. In this case, there is no substantial evidence that the petitioners were installed by the owner of the lots in question as agricultural tenants on the property. There is, likewise, no evidence that the petitioners shared with the landowner the harvest and/or produce from the landholding. There is no evidence on record, other than the self-serving declaration of Leopoldo and his witnesses, that indeed, the landowner had authorized him to till the disputed lots. Leopoldos failure to adduce a significant morsel of evidence that he was authorized as an agricultural tenant of the contested lands makes his supposition - that he has legal right to work on the said lands - frail and empty.This makes him a usurper, devoid of any right to remain in the premises of the properties in question. Rubens evidence is likewise remotely substantial. The hand-written letter allegedly instituting Ruben as tenant is unsigned. ThisCourt has ruled that the unsigned handwritten documents and unsigned computer printouts, which are unauthenticated, areunreliable. This is mere self-serving evidence, which should be rejected as evidence without any rational probative value, even inadministrative proceedings. The letter presented by Ruben, being unsigned, falls within this category of evidence. It hardly has anyprobative value; hence, it barely bolsters his hypothesis. Presidential Decree No. 27 provides: This shall apply to tenant-farmers of private agricultural lands primarily devoted to rice and corn under a system of share-crop or lease-tenancy, whether classified as landed estate or not .For lands to fall under the coverageof the said law, the same must be t enanted private agricultural lands. Thus, in Daez v. Court of Appeals, the Court said that Presidential Decree No. 27 would not apply if: (1) the land is not devoted to rice or corn crops even if it is tenanted; or (2) the land is untenanted even though it is devoted to rice or corn crops. There is no question that Irenes landholdings with a total area of a little more than 27 hectares, of which the disputed lots form apart, were subjected to agrarian reform in 1972 under Presidential Decree No. 27. However, it is also established by the records of the case that disputed lots were classified as untenanted by the Bureau of Lands. This important piece of evidence, absent any substantial evidence to the contrary, only leads to the conclusion that the lots which are the subject matter of the controversy arebeyond the pale of the said statute. WHEREFORE, the Decision of the Court of Appeals, reinstating the decision of the Provincial Agrarian Reform Adjudicator of Camarines Sur, is herebyAFFIRMED .

Ceneze vs. Ramos (GR No. 172287) FACTS: Petitioner Welfredo Ceneze filed an action for declaration as bona fide tenant-lessee of two parcels of agricultural landowned by respondent Feliciana Ramos. Petitioner alleged that in 1981, Julian Ceneze, Sr. (Julian, Sr.), petitioners father,transferred his tenurial rights over the landholding to him with the consent and approval of respondent and that, since then, petitioner had been in actual and peaceful possession of the landholding until April 12, 1991, when respondent forcibly entered and cultivated the land for the purpose of dispossessing petitioner of his right as tenant. The complaint prayed that judgment be rendered declaring petitioner as the bona fide tenant-lessee of the landholding. In her defense, respondent denied that a tenancy relationship existed between her and petitioner, asserting that she had never instituted petitioner as a tenant in any of her landholdings. She averred that petitioner had never been in possession of the landholding, but admitted that it was Julian, Sr. who was the tenant of the landholding. When Julian, Sr. migrated to the United States of America (USA) in 1985, respondent allowed Julian, Sr.s wife to cultivate the land, but she herself migrated to the USA inJune 1988. Respondent later allowed Julian, Sr.s son, Julian Ceneze, Jr. (Julian, Jr.), to cultivate the landholding, but he likewisemigrated to the USA in 1991 without informing respondent. From then on, she took possession of the landholding, cultivated it andappropriated for herself the harvest therefrom. On April 8, 1991, she reported to Gloria Calpito, Municipal Agrarian Reform Officer (MARO) of Manaoag, Pangasinan, the abandonment of the landholding by Julian, Sr., his wife and his son, Julian, Jr . [5] On December 19, 1997, the Provincial Adjudicator rendered a decision in favor of petitioner. Provincial Adjudicator reliedon the following documents: (a) Certification issued by Perfecto Dacasin, Barangay Agrarian Reform Committee (BARC) Chairmanthat petitioner is a bona fide tenant of the subject landholding and that he was ejected from it sometime in April 1991; (b) Affidavit executed by Julian, Sr., stating that, with respondents consent and approval, he transferred his tenurial rights to petitioner before he migrated to the United States in 1981; and (c) Joint Affidavit of Epifanio Castillo, Romulo Camesario and Maximo Caquin, tenants of a d j a c e n t l a n d h o l d i n g s , a t t e s t i n g t h a t p e t i t i o n e r w a s a t e n a n t o f t h e l a n d h o l d i n g s i n c e 1 9 8 8 , a n d t h a t t h e y h e l p e d i n harvesting palay products and delivering to respondent her share in the harvest. On April 21, 2004, the Department of Agrarian Reform Adjudication Board (DARAB) affirmed the decision. Respondent elevated the case to the CA through a petition for review. On December 29, 2005, the CA resolved thepetition in favor of respondent landowner and dismissed petitioners complaint. In a Resolution, the CA denied petitioners motion for reconsideration for lack of merit. Petitioner filed this petition for review,alleging that the CA decided the case not in accord with existing law and jurisprudence when it held that petitioner failed to establishthat he had a tenancy relationship with respondent. [10]

ISSUE: Whether the petitioner had a tenancy relationship with the respondent.

RULING: In resolving this petition, the Court is guided by the principle that tenancy is not purely a factual relationship dependent on what the alleged tenant does upon the land; it is also a legal relationship. A tenancy relationship cannot be presumed. There must be evidence to prove the presence of all its indispensable elements, to wit: (1) the parties are the landowner and the tenant; (2) the subject is agricultural land; (3) there is consent by the landowner; (4) the purpose is agricultural production; (5) there is personal cultivation; and (6) there is sharing of the harvest. The absence of one element does not make an occupant of a parcel of land, its cultivator or planter, a de jure tenant. From our own assessment of the evidence at hand, we find that petitioner failed to establish the existence of a tenancy relationship between him and respondent. To prove a tenancy relationship, the requisite quantum of evidence is substantial evidence, or such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion. The Certification of the BARC Chairman and the affidavits of Julian, Sr. and of the tenants of the adjacent landholdings certainly do not suffice. By themselves, they do not show that the elements of consent of the landowner and of sharing of harvests are present. To establish consent, petitioner presented the Affidavit executed by Julian, Sr. However, the affidavit which was not notarized cannot be given credence considering that it was not authenticated. It is self-serving and unreliable. There should have been other corroborative evidence showing that respondent consented to and approved of the transfer of tenurial rights to petitioner.The other tenants Joint Affidavit, likewise, fails to prove that petitioner is a tenant, more particularly, that there was personal cultivation and sharing of the harvest. In this affidavit, the affiants stated that they helped hand in hand with [petitioner] in harvesting and threshing our palay products and helped him in delivering the share of [respondent] every year. The affidavit is ambiguously worded, considering that the affiants are also tenant-lessees of respondent and they could be referring to their own harvest. Moreover, as noted by the CA, the affiants averment that petitioner became a tenant of the landholding since 1988 runscounter to petitioners allegation that he became a tenant in 1981. In any case, the fact alone of working on a landholding does not give rise to a presumption of the existence of agriculturaltenancy. Substantial evidence requires more than a mere scintilla of evidence in order that the fact of sharing can be established;there must be concrete evidence on record adequate enough to prove the element of sharing. [16] To prove sharing of harvests, are ceipt or any other evidence must be presented, because self-serving statements are inadequate. In this case, petitioner failed to present a receipt for respondents share in the harvest, or any other solid evidence proving that there was a sharing of harvest. To recap, petitioner is not a de jure tenant entitled to security of tenure. There being no tenancy relationship between the parties, the DARAB did not have jurisdiction over the case. W e, therefore, sustain the ruling of the CA, dismissing petitioners complaint. WHEREFORE, the petition is DENIED. The Court of Appeals Decision are AFFIRMED