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Tm hiu v chng ct v thp chng ct

(H2N2)-Chng ct l mt phng php tch dng nhit tch hn hp ng th (dung dch) ca cc cht lng khc nhau. Cht rn ha tan, th d nh cc loi mui, c tch ra khi cht lng bng cch kt tinh. Dung dch mui c th lm c c bng cch cho bay hi. Khi sn phm mong mun chnh l hi bc ln, th d nh khi kh mui ra khi nc bin, th ngi ta cng gi l chng ct, mc du iu ny chnh xc ra l khng ng. Mt kh nng khc tch dung dch l ng t. Trong cc ngn ng chu u, t chng ct bt ngun t ting La tinh destillare c ngha l nh git xung. Chng ct da trn nhit si khc nhau ca cc cht lng tham gia. Ngi ta cng ni l cc cht lng c p sut hi khc nhau ti cng mt nhit . Nu a nng lng vo h thng, v c p sut hi khc nhau, cht c p sut hi cao hn (nhit si thp hn) bc hi nhiu hn cc cht khc. V th m nng ca cht c nhit si thp hn trong phn ct cao hn l trong hn hp ban u. Ngy nay cng vi s pht trin vt bc ca nn cng nghip th gii v nc nh, cc ngnh cng nghip cn rt nhiu ho cht c tinh khit cao. Chng ct l qu trnh dng nhit tch mt hn hp lng ra thnh cc cu t ring bit da vo bay hi khc nhau ca cc cu t trong hn hp cng mt nhit o. Ta c th phn bit chng ct ra thnh quy trnh mt ln nh trong phng th nghim tch mt ha cht tinh khit ra khi mt hn hp, v chng ct lin tc, nh trong cc thp chng ct trong cng nghip. Chng ct phn on

Chng ct phn on c dng c c mt tinh khit cao ca phn ct hay chng ct nhiu cht khc nhau t mt hn hp. Nu nhit si gn nhau c th chng ct di p sut thp hn ci thin bc tch v nh th nhit si s nm xa nhau hn. Chng ct li cun Chng ct tht ra ch cn thit khi cc cht lng cn phi tch ha tan vi nhau th d nh dung dch cn v nc. Nu hn hp l ca nhng cht khng ha tan vo nhau, th d nh nc v du th l thng l c th tch cc cht lng bng cch lng v gn i. Khi khai thc tinh du ch c trong cy c nng thp nh cy oi hng (Lavandula angustifolia) hay cy cc c (Matricaria recutita) ngi ta cho thm mt t nc vo cy c c ct nh v un nng (chng cch thy). Nh c mt phn nc nn nhit c gi c nh nhit si mt thi gian, cng c th dng p sut cao nng nhit ln qu 100C. Hi du i cng vi hi nc vo b ngng t v ngng t li. Hn hp du-nc sau c th tch bng cch lng gn i. Hi nc cun theo mt thnh phn khc tht ra l khng tan i theo. Nu khng c nc th nhit s tng cao n mc du c th b phn hy. Trong nhiu trng hp c mt t l nht nh ca hn hp hai cht lng m khng th tip tc tch bng phng php chng ct c na. Cc hn hp ny c gi l hn hp ng ph. Nu mun tng nng ca cn phi dng n cc phng php tinh ct c bit khc. Cc loi thp chng ct s dng trong cng nghip: -Thp chng ct dng mm xuyn l hoc mm a li -Thp chng ct dng mm chp -Thp m (thp chng ct dng vt chm ) Nhn xt v u khuyt im ca tng loi thp : - Thp mm xuyn l u im : ch to n gin , v sinh d dng , tr lc thp hn thp chp , t tn kim loi hn thp chp

Nhc im : yu cu lp t cao : mm lp phi rt phng , i vi nhng thp c ng knh qu ln (>2.4m) t dng mm xuyn l v khi cht lng phn phi khng u trn mm - Thp chp u im : hiu sut truyn khi cao , n nh , t tiu hao nng lng hn nn c s mm t hn Nhc im : ch to phc tp , tr lc ln - Thp m : u im : ch to n gin , tr lc thp Nhc im : hiu sut thp , km n nh do s phn b cc pha theo tit din thp khng u , s dng thp chm khng cho php ta kim sot qu trnh chng ct theo khng gian thp trong khi thp mm th qu trnh th hin qua tng mm mt cch r rng , thp chm kh ch to c kch thc ln qui m cng nghip.

Lp t thp chng ct du th ca nh my lc du Dung Qut

M hnh thp chng

Thp chng ct

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S cng ngh in hnh

Mm l thp chng

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