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Filter design Toolbox

I HC QUC GIA H NI TRNG I HC CNG NGH ----------

TIU LUN O LNG V IU KHIN MY TNH

CNG C THIT K B LC
(FILTER DESIGN TOOLBOX)

GIO VIN HNG DN

PGS. TS. TRN QUANG VINH

THC HIN NHM 7: L NH LP V VN KHOI TRN DUY NGC

Hu - 2012
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Filter design Toolbox

MC LC
I. TNG QUAN V CNG C THIT K B LC (FILTER DESIGN TOOLBOX) ................................................................................................................ 3 I.1. Gii thiu:.......................................................................................................... 3 I.2. Quy trnh thit k b lc c bn ......................................................................... 3 II. S DNG CNG C FILTER BUILDER TO B LC .............................. 5 II.1. Giao din ca Fdesign ...................................................................................... 5 II.1.1. Gii thiu Filter Builder............................................................................. 5 II.1.2. Tin trnh thit k s dng Filterbuilder ..................................................... 5 II.2. Thit k b lc FIR s dng Filter Builder ....................................................... 7 III. Thit k b lc s dng FDATool .......................................................................... 8 TI LIU THAM KHO.......................................................................................... 11

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Filter design Toolbox

I. TNG QUAN V CNG C THIT K B LC (FILTER DESIGN TOOLBOX)

I.1. Gii thiu: Fiter design toolbox l mt b su tp cc cng c cung cp k thut tin tin thit k, m phng v phn tch cc b lc k thut s. N m rng kh nng ca b cng c x l tn hiu (Signal Processing Toolbox) vi kin trc b lc v phng php thit k cho cc ng dng DSP phc tp, thi gian thc, bao gm lc thch ng v lc a tc, cng nh cc bin i b lc. I.2. Quy trnh thit k b lc c bn - To mt i tng c im k thut lc. - Thit k b lc mong mun. Gi s rng thit k mt b lc bandpass.

Trong v d ny, tn s ly mu l Fs = 48 kHz. B lc bandpass ny c cc thng s k thut sau y, quy nh di dng m MATLAB: A_stop1 = 60; % Attenuation in the first stopband = 60 dB F_stop1 = 8400; % Edge of the stopband = 8400 Hz F_pass1 = 10800; % Edge of the passband = 10800 Hz F_pass2 = 15600; % Closing edge of the passband = 15600 Hz F_stop2 = 18000; % Edge of the second stopband = 18000 Hz A_stop2 = 60; % Attenuation in the second stopband = 60 dB A_pass = 1; % Amount of ripple allowed in the passband = 1 Db Trong hai bc sau y, cc thng s k thut trn c a vo phng php fdesign.bandpass nh cc tham s: Bc 1: nhp mt bin lc, nh gi cc m sau y ti du nhc chng trnh MATLAB: >> BandPassSpecObj = ... fdesign.bandpass('Fst1,Fp1,Fp2,Fst2,Ast1,Ap,Ast2', ... F_stop1, F_pass1, F_pass2, F_stop2, A_stop1, A_pass, ... Trang 3

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Filter design Toolbox

A_stop2, 48000) BandPassSpecObj = Response: 'Bandpass' Specification: 'Fst1,Fp1,Fp2,Fst2,Ast1,Ap,Ast2' Description: {7x1 cell} NormalizedFrequency: false Fs: 48000 Fstop1: 8400 Fpass1: 10800 Fpass2: 15600 Fstop2: 18000 Astop1: 60 Apass: 1 Astop2: 60 Cc thng s c im k thut, chng hn nh Fstop1, tt c cc gi tr mc nh khi khng c cung cp. C th thay i gi tr ca cc tham s c im k thut sau khi cc i tng c im k thut b lc c c to ra. Bc 2: Thit k b lc bng cch s dng lnh design. C th truy cp cc phng php thit k c sn cho cc i tng c im k thut bn bng cch gi hm designmethods. V d, trong trng hp ny, bn c th thc hin lnh: >> designmethods(BandPassSpecObj) Design methods for class fdesign.bandpass (Fst1,Fp1,Fp2,Fst2,Ast1,Ap,Ast2): butter cheby1 cheby2 ellip equiripple kaiserwin Sau khi la chn s dng phng php thit k, c th nh gi sau ti du nhc MATLAB (v d ny gi nh chn 'equiripple'): > BandPassFilt = design(BandPassSpecObj, 'equiripple') BandPassFilt = FilterStructure: 'Direct-Form FIR' Arithmetic: 'double' Numerator: [1x44 double] PersistentMemory: false kim tra li, c th v p ng bin ca b lc s dng Filter Visualization tool. >> fvtool(BandPassFilt) %plot the filter magnitude response Trang 4

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Filter design Toolbox

II. S DNG CNG C FILTER BUILDER TO B LC

II.1. Giao din ca Fdesign
II.1.1. Gii thiu Filter Builder

Hm filterbuilder cung cp mt giao din trc quan gip gim thi gian thit k b lc. Filterbuilder s dng mt xp x c bit trung tm (specification-centered approach) tm thut ton ti u cho p ng mong mun.
II.1.2. Tin trnh thit k s dng Filterbuilder

a. Chn p ng: Ti ca s lnh g: >> filterbuilder. Mt ca s Response Selection xut hin

V d: chn Bandpass Trang 5

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Filter design Toolbox

Mt hp thoi mi xut hin (Design Bandpass), trong c 3 tab chnh: Main, Data Types, v Code Generation. Cc thng s ca b lc thng nm trong tap Main.

b. Chn c thng s: thit k mt b lc, ta chn cc thng s: - Filter specifications: + p ng xung: FIR (B lc c p ng xung hu hn) hoc IIR (B lc c p ng xung v hn). + Order mode + Filter type - Frequency specifications: chn cc tn s gii hn trn v gii hn di (Fstop 1 v Fpass1, Fpass2 v Fstop2) - Magnitude specifiactions: chn bin (c th theo thang Decibel hoc tuyn tnh) c. Chn Thut ton: Thut ton ph hp cho b lc c chn ph thuc vo lot p ng b lc tng ng v cc thng s chn trn. V d trong trng hp b lc thng gii, nu chn p ng xung l IIR v Order Mode l Minimum, th dng b lc c th chn l Butterworth, Chebyshev I hoc II, hoc Elliptic. d. Phn tch thit k: Trang 6

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Filter design Toolbox

phn tch p ng ca b lc, chn nt View Filter Response. Cng c Filter Visualization Tool s hin th ln hnh v dng bin ca p ng b lc.

e. p dng b lc vo d liu u vo: Khi thit k xong b lc nh cc bc trn, chng ta s tin hnh cho tn hiu vo (input data) qua b lc. Bc ny phi thc hin bng tay. lc d liu, thc hin cc bc sau: - Trong ca s Filter Visualazition Tool, chn OK v Filter Design Toolbox s to mt bin lc trong workspace ca Matlab, v d Hbp. - G lnh y = filter(Tn_bin_lc,Bin_u_vo). hiu thm v hm filter, g:>> help dfilt/filter II.2. Thit k b lc FIR s dng Filter Builder Cc bc u tng t nh phn II.1. V d, chn dng b lc: Lc thng thp (Lowpass Filter). Chn dng p ng xung: FIR. Fpass: 0.55 Fstop: 0.65.

Hnh: Dng b lc thng thp, p ng xung hu hn FIR Trang 7

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Filter design Toolbox

III. Thit k b lc s dng FDATool

S dng FDATool (Filter Design and Analysis Toolbox) thit k b lc FDATool l mt cng c ht sc hu dng v chng c s dng rng ri thit k b lc hin nay. kch hot cng c thit k ny, trong ca s lnh ca Matlab, thc hin nhp lnh sau: >> fdatool Ca s FDATool c gi ra nh sau:

T y, ta c th chn mt vi loi p ng (ca cc b lc): Thng thp (Lowpass), Thng cao (Highpass), Di thng (Bandpass), Di chn (Bandstop) v B vi phn (Differentiator). Cc c im k thut ca b lc thay i theo loi p ng v phng php thit k. Nh hnh trn, chng ta c th nhp: Bc ca b lc (Filter Order), Cc ty chn (Options), c tnh tn s (Frequency Specifications), c tnh bin ( Magnitude Specifications). V d: Thit k b lc di thng c c tnh k thut nh b lc di thng c thit k trong v d trn. Trong ca s FDATool, - Ta chn Bandpass, trong min Response Type. - Trong min Design Method, ta chn FIR v th Window. - Trong min Filter Order, ta chn Specify Order v nhp s 16. - Trong min Options, chn th Hamming ti ty chn Window. Trang 8

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Filter design Toolbox

- Trong min Frequency Specifications, ty chn units ta chn Hz, nhp 8000 trong Fs, 1600 trong Fc1 v 2400 trong Fc2. - Thm vo , t manu Analysis ko xung, chng ta c th phn tch p ng bin (Magnitude Response), p ng pha (Phase Response), h s b lc (Filter Ceofficients), - Click vo Design Filter, ta thu c kt qu cn thit k. Cc ty chn ny c thc hin nh hnh 3.5 di y:

Hn na, c th export cc h s ca b bng vic s dng ty chn Export trong manu File. T Export to ta c th chn Workspace, Coefficient File (ASCII), MAT-File v SPTool. T Export As ta cng c th chn Coefficients v Objects. Chng ta cng c th nhp tn bin trong trng Variable Names. Sau Click ln lt Apply, OK, ta thu c kt qu nh hnh di y:

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Filter design Toolbox

thm thng tin chi tit, c th tham kho Signal Processing Toolbox Users, v tm hiu cch thc thit k b lc s dng cng c SPTool.

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Filter design Toolbox

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Phn Help ca Phn mm Matlab, Filter Design Toolbox. 2. Digital Signal Proccessing Using Matlab V.4, Vinay K. Ingle and John G. Proakis, PWS Publishing Company. 3. Cc ngun ti liu khc t Internet.

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