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Tng khuch i tn hiu nh dng Transistor

Tng khuch i tn hiu nh dng Transistor


1.1. Khuch i v cc thng s c trng
1.2. Phn tch mch khuch i bng s tng ng
1.2.1. Mch tng ng ca BJT
1.2.2. S mc CE
1.2.3. S mc CB
1.2.4. S mc CC
1.3. Phn tch mch khuch i dng FET
1.3.1. Mch tng ng ca FET
1.3.2. S mc CS
1.3.3. S mc CD
1.3.4. S mc CG
1.4. Cc phng php ghp tng khuch i
1.4.1. Ghp RC
1.4.2. Ghp bin p
1.4.3. Ghp trc tip
1.4.5. Cc kiu ghp khc
1.5. Hi tip
1.5.1. Khi nim v phn loi
1.5.2. Cc phng trnh c bn
1.5.3. nh hng ca hi tip n cc thng s ca mch

1.1. Khuch i v cc thng s c trng

Khuch i l mt qu trnh bin
i nng lng c iu khin.
Qu trnh khuch i s to ra trn
ti mt nng lng bin i theo
quy lut ca ngun tn hiu nhng
cao hn v dng in, in p
hoc cng sut.

S khi b khuch i

Khuch i Khuch i
Ngun tn
hiu
Ngun
cung cp
Ti
1.1. Khuch i v cc thng s c trng
Cc thng s vo ra
Cc thng s vo mch khuch i
gm: in p vo (Uv), dng in vo
(I
v
), tr khng vo (Z
v
), cng sut vo
(P
v
).
Cc thng s ra mch khuch i gm:
in p ra (U
r
), dng in ra (I
r
), tr
khng ra (Z
r
), cng sut ra (P
r
)
H s khuch i
H s khuch i p (K
u )
H s khuch i dng in (Ki)
H s khuch i cng sut (Kp)
Hiu sut: Hiu sut ca mch khuch i
l t s ca cng sut ra v cng sut
ngun tn hiu 1 chiu tiu th
c tuyn bin tn s: th hin s bin
thin ca bin tn hiu khi tn s tn hiu
vo thay i.
c tuyn truyn t: Biu th mi quan h
gia i lng u ra v i lng vo.






c tuyn bin tn s ca b
khuch i tn thp





c tuyn truyn t in p

Ko
Ko/\2
f
t f
c
f
K
Uv
Ur
B
A
U
vmin
U
vmax

U
rmax

1.2. Phn tch mch khuch i bng s tng ng

1.2.1. Mch tng ng ca BJT
1.2.2. S mc CE
1.2.3. S mc CC
1.2.4. S mc CB

1.2.1. Mch tng ng ca BJT
gii cc bi ton c lin quan n cc linh kin tch
cc, ta phi a chng v cc dng mch in tng
ng n gin.
Yu cu ca cc s tng ng nh sau:
n gin, ch yu nn s dng quan h bc 1.
Tnh chnh xc.
Transistor lng cc thng dng 2 kiu s tng
ng khi phn tch mch khuch i tn hiu nh, tn s
thp:
S tng ng theo tham s vt l (r
e
)
S tng ng theo tham s h (tham s hn hp)


S tng ng theo tham s h

Cp phng trnh hn hp


h
11
(h
i
) l tr khng vo khi u
ra ngn mch.
h
12
(h
r
)l h s hi tip in p
khi u vo h mch.
h
21
(h
r
) l h s khuch i dng
in khi u ra ngn mch.
h
22
(h
o
)l h s dn np khi u
vo h mch,

Loi mch Thng s h
E chung (CE) h
ie
, h
re
, h
fe
, h
oe

C chung (CC) h
ic
, h
rc
, h
fc
, h
oc

B chung (BC) h
ib
, h
rb
, h
fb
, h
ob

h11
1/h22 U
1
U
2
I
1
I
2
h12U2
h21I1
+ +
- -
2 22 1 21 2
2 12 1 11 1
. .
.
U h I h I
U h I h U
+ =
+ =
BJT thng dng m 2N3904:
S tng ng vt l
M hnh kiu ny c gi l m hnh tng ng t hay cn gi l s
tng ng vt l











Trong re l in tr khuch tn Emitter, c tnh theo cng thc sau:


U
T
: in p nhit, c gi tr bng 26mV 25
0
C









Loi
mch
S t- ng - ng
tham s h
S - ng - ng vt
l
S t- ng - ng
gn ng
CC v
CE
hie hfeib 1/hoe
B C
E
E

|re |ib
ro
B C
E E

h
ie
=|r
e
; h
fe
=|
ac
;
r
o
=1/h
oe
|re |ib
B C
E E

CB
hib hfbie 1/hob
E C
B
B

re oie
ro
B C
E E

h
ib
=r
e
; h
fb
= o; r
o
=1/h
ob

re oie
B C
E E

T T
e
EQ CQ
U U
r
I I
~ ~
Phn tch mch khuch i bng s tng ng vt l
Nguyn tc chung
Phn tch ch mt chiu (DC): Coi ton b cc t in h
mch v dng cc phng php phn tch tm im cng tc tnh
nh trong gio trnh Linh kin in t.
Phn tch ch xoay chiu (AC):
B tt c cc ngun 1 chiu (ngn mch ngun p v h mch ngun
dng).
Coi tt c cc t in ngn mch ti tn s tn hiu. Cc t ny s c
xt nh hng khi tnh tn s ct thp ca mch.
Thay BJT bng m hnh tng ng tn hiu nh tn s thp.
Gii cc phng trnh tm cc thng s ca mch khuch i nh h s
khuch i dng, h s khuch i p, tr khng vo, tr khng ra.
Di y s phn tch mt s mch cn bn ca BJT dng s
tng ng vt l (r
e
)

1.2.2. S mc CE
Trong U
V
l in p vo, i
v
l dng
in vo, U
r
l in p ra, i
r
l in p
ra.
H s khuch i in p:

H s khuch i dng in:

Tr khng vo:

Tr khng ra Z
r
c tnh khi u vo
bng khng (U
v
= 0):


Ch : Z
r
ca mt mch khuch i
khng ph thuc vo ti. Z
r
c tnh
bng cch ngn mch u vo (U
v
= 0),
thay th ti u ra bng mt ngun gi
nh U
r
v ly Z
r
= U
r
/I
r
.


|re |ib
B C
E
RB
RC
iv ib
ir
+ +
- -
Ur Uv
RB
RC
RE
Vcc
C1
C2
CE
Uv
Ur
a) S m ch khuch i CE b) S tng ng xoay chiu
r
u
v
U
K
U
=
r
i
v
i
K
i
=
v
v
v
U
Z
I
=
0
v
r
r
r
U
U
Z
I
=
=
.
. .
b C C
u
b e e
i R R
K
i r r
|
|

= =
( )
. .
//
( )
v b e e B
v B e
v b v B B e
U i r r R
Z R r
i i V R R r
| |
|
|
= = = =
+ +
0
v
r
r C
r
U
U
Z R
I
=
= =
.
b r B
i
b e
v B e
b
B
i i R
K
i r
i R r
i
R
| |
|
|
= = =
+
+
. .
r C v v r r
i u
v v v v C C
U R Z Z i U
K K
i U Z U R R

= = = =
1.2.2. S mc CE
Nhn xt sau v cc tnh cht ca mch CE:

K
u
< 0 nn in p vo v ra ngc pha nhau
hay cn gi mch CE l mch khuch i o.
Mch CE thng c h s khuch i dng v
p ln, tr khng vo nh vi trm O (Z
v

~|r
e
) v tr khng ra ln hng kO (Z
r
= R
C
).
Mch CE c h s khuch i dng, p v cng
sut ln thng c s dng khuch i tn
hiu nh trong x l v gia cng tn hiu tng
t tn s thp v trung bnh.
Nhn xt nh hng t C
E
in tr R
E
c tc nh n nh im cng tc
cho mch phn cc BJT (xem trong gio trnh
Linh kin in t). Tuy nhin n li lm gim
h s khuch i do hi tip m thnh phn
xoay chiu.
khc phc dng t C
E
c tc dng ngn
mch thnh phn hi tip m xoay chiu th
trong mch tng ng xoay chiu c R
E
= 0
v h s khuch i ca mch s tng ln.


Xt nh hng ca t C
E

|re |ib
B C
E
RB
RC
iv ib
ir
+ +
- -
Ur Uv
RB
RC
RE
Vcc
C1
C2
Uv
Ur
a) S m ch khuch i CE khi
khng c t C
E
b) S tng ng xoay chiu
RE
) ( ) ( . . . .
.
E e
C
E e
C
E b e b
C b
u
R r
R
R r
R
R i r i
R i
K
+
=
+
=
+

=
|
|
| |
|
) (
). ( . . . .
E e B
B E e
B
i
b
E b e b
i
i
i
R r R
R R r
R
V
i
R i r i
i
V
Z
+ +
+
=
+
+
= =
|
| | |
1.2.2. S mc CE
Dnh cho Sinh vin: Tng t hy tnh cc thng s
khuch i ca mt s mch CE trn hnh(2-13).

R1
RC
RE
Vcc
C1
C2
Uv
Ur
R2
CE
RB
RC
RE
Vcc
C1
C2
Uv
Ur
a) M ch khuch i CE phn cc
bng cu chia p
b) M ch khuch i CE phn cc
hi tip m in p
1.2.3. S mc CC

S tnh tr khng ra




Tr khng ra: c tnh bng khi
ni tt u vo (U
V
=0) v mc
ngun U
r
u ra:

a) S m ch khuch i CE khi
khng c t C
E
b) S tng ng xoay chiu
R1
RE
Vcc
C1
C2
Uv
Ur
R2
|re
|ib
B
C
E
RB RE
iv ib
ir
+ +
- -
Ur Uv
( 1)
1
. . ( 1). .
b E r E
u
v b e b E e E
i R U R
K
U i r i R r R
|
| |
+
= = ~ ~
+ + +
. . ( 1). .
// ( )
v b e b E
v B e E
v
v
b
B
U i r i R
Z R r R
U
i
i
R
| |
|
+ +
= = = +
+
1
//
1 1
r e E
r
e E
Ur
Z r R
i
r R
= = =
+
( 1)
( 1)
b r
i
v b
i i
K
i i
|
|
+
= ~ = +
.
v r r E
i u
v v v E
Z i U R
K K
i U Z R

= = =
|re
|ib
B
C
E
RB RE
ib
ir
+
+
-
-
Uv=0
Ur
1
//
1 1
r e E
r
e E
Ur
Z r R
i
r R
= = =
+
( 1)
r b b b
E E
Ur Ur
i i i i
R R
| | = = +
(1 )
b o
e E e
Ur Ur Ur
i i
r R r
|
| |
+
= = +
1.2.3. S mc CC
Nhn xt:
H s khuch i in p nh hn v gn bng 1 nn mch khng c kh
nng khuch i p. Mch CC c in p ra gn bng in p vo, tn hiu
vo v ra ng pha vi nhau (K
u
>0) nn cn c gi l mch lp Emitter
(tn hiu ra lp li tn hiu vo cc Emitter.
Tng tr vo rt ln v tr khng ra nh (ging bin th) nn thng
c s dng phi hp tr khng.
Tng khuch i C chung c tr khng vo ln, tr khng ra nh v h
s khuch i p ~ 1, Ur v Uv ng pha nhau nn thng c dng lm
tng lp hay tng m, c mc u vo cc my o v u ra cc my
pht phi hp tr khng.
Mch C chung c h s khuch i dng v h s khuch i cng sut ln
nn c s dng khuch i dng, cng sut.
Tng khuch i C chung c tn s gii hn lm vic cao tng ng tn
s gii hn ca transistor.

1.2.4. S mc CB

Nhn xt
B khuch i l khng o (K
u
> 0)
H s khuch i p cao t l vi R
C
(vi trm
n vi nghn ln tng ng mch CE). Tuy
nhin do tr khng vo thp (in tr tip gip
BE phn cc thun r
e
rt thp) Z
vo
= 30300O
nn h s khuch i ton phn thp hn nhiu
so vi mch CE. Do phm vi tn s trung
bnh khng dng mch BC.
H s khuch i dng gn bng 1 nn khng
dng mch CB khuch i dng in hoc
cng sut
Tr khng ra bng mch CE (Z
ra
= R
C
=
100kO1MO.)
Tn s gii hn lm vic cao (cao hn so vi s
mc cc pht chung) do in dung hi tip
nh. Mch CB thng lm vic tn s cao (ln
hn 100MHz).
ng dng: S dng trong di tn s v tuyn v
tr khng vo nh khong vi chc O ph hp
vi tr khng 50O ca antena v ng truyn.

R1
RE
Vcc
C1
Uv
RC
C2
Ur CB
re oie
E C
B
RE
RC
iv ie
ir
+ +
- -
Ur Uv
a) S m ch khuch i CB
b) S tng ng xoay chiu
//
v
v E e
v
U
Z R r
i
= =
.
e c c c r
u
v e e e e
i R R R U
K
U i r r r
o o
= = = ~
E
. 1 ( do R r )
r C v v r
i u e
v v v c e
U R Z Z i
K K
i U Z R r

= = = = ~ >>
Bi tp 1
Tnh cc thng s ca
mch khuch i khi c
v khng c t CE. Nhn
xt

Bi tp 2
Tnh Ku1 = Vo1/Vi
Tnh Ku2 = Vo2/Vi
Nhn xt V01 v Vo2
Bi tp 3
Tnh Zv, Ku.
1.3. Phn tch mch khuch i dng FET
1.3.1. Mch tng ng ca FET
1.3.2. S mc CS
1.3.3. S mc CD
1.3.4. S mc CG
Sinh vin tham kho trong bi ging KTTTTT chi tit.

1.4. Cc phng php ghp tng khuch i
1.4.1. Ghp RC
1.4.2. Ghp bin p
1.4.3. Ghp trc tip
1.4.5. Cc kiu ghp khc
1.4. Cc phng php ghp tng khuch i
Mc ch: tng h s khuch i dng, h s khuch i p, bin i tr
khng...
Ghp lin tip:

in p u ra tng trc l in p u vo ca tng sau: U
r
(i)=U
v
(i+1)
H s khuch i ca ton mch bng tch cc h s khuch i ca
cc tng:
Tr khng vo ca tng khuch i c tnh bng tr khng vo ca tng
u: Z
v
= Z
v1
.
Tr khng vo ca tng sau s ng vai tr lm ti ca tng trc: Z
vi
=
R
t(i-1)
.
Tr khng ra ca tng khuch i c tnh bng tr khng ra ca tng
cui: Z
r
= Z
rN.

Vic ghp gia cc tng c th dng t in, bin p hay ghp trc tip.
K
u1
K
u2
K
uN
R
n
U
n
U
v1
U
r1
=U
v2
i
v
U
r(N-1)
=U
vN
R
t
U
rN
=U
r
1.4.1. Ghp RC (Ghp bng t in)
H s khuch i ca c mch l: .

H s khuch i p ca tng thc
nht l:

Trong Z
v2
l tr khng vo ca
tng th 2, ng thi cng l ti ca
tng th nht







C
1
, C
2
, C
3
l cc t cch tng. Cc t cho
thnh phn xoay chiu i qua v cn
thnh phn mt chiu nn phn cc mt
chiu khng nh hng ln nhau gia cc
tng, im lm vic tnh cng c cch ly.
Khi dng phng php ghp tng ny cn
ch n nh hng ca t in ti cc tn
s vo khc nhau c th lm bin i pha
v bin ca tn hiu.

T1
R1
RC1
RE1
C1
C2
Uv
R2
CE1
T2
R3
RC2
RE2
+Vcc
C3
Ur
R4
CE2
1 2
.
r
u u u
v
U
K K K
U
= =
1 2
1
1
( // )

C v
u
e
R Z
K
r

=
v2 3 4 2 2
Z ( // // )
e
R R r | =
2
2
2
C
u
e
R
K
r

=
1 2 2
1 2
1 2
( // )
.
C v C
u u u
e e
R Z R
K K K
r r
= =
1 1 2 1 1
( // // )
v v e
Z Z R R r | = =
Z
r
= Z
r2
= R
C2

1.4.2. Ghp bin p









Cun s cp ca bin p ng vai tr thay
cho in tr ti ca tng khuch i th
nht. Bin p cch ly in p mt chiu
gia cc tng khuch i v tng h s
khuch i chung tu thuc vo bin p
tng hay gim.

u im l khng c dng mt
chiu trn ti v t hiu sut cao.
Nhc im l cng knh, c
tuyn tn s khng bng phng
trong di tn nn khng s dng
trong cc mch khuch i tn hiu
nh tn s thp m dng trong
tn s cao iu chnh knh thu,
bin p to mch cng hng.

T1
R1
RE1
C1
Uv
R2
CE1
T2
R3
RC2
RE2
+Vcc
C3
Ur
R4
CE2
1.4.3. Ghp trc tip
L dng lin kt kh ph bin trong
cc mch khuch i nht l trong k
thut ch to vi mch







Khi tnh phn cc tnh cn ch in
p mt chiu cung cp cho cc Baz
ca BJT th 2 (T
2
) l V
B2
do in p
ti cc Collector ca T
1
(V
C1
) cung
cp: V
B2
= V
C1
.


u im:
Trnh c nh hng ca cc t
ghp tng tn s thp.
Trnh c s cng knh cho
mch.
in th tnh ca tng u cung
cp in th tnh cho tng sau.
Nhc im:
S nh hng ch tnh ln nhau
gia cc tng.
in p mt chiu cung cp
thng c gi tr ln nu dng
cng loi BJT.

T1
R1
RC1
RE1
C1
Uv
R2
CE1
T2
RC2
RE2
+Vcc
C3
Ur
CE2
1.4.5. Cc kiu ghp khc
Mch khuch i Darlington
Mch lin kt chng (Cascode)
Mch khuch i vi sai
Mch khuch i Darlington
Mch khuch i Darlington c tc dng tng tr khng vo v tng h s khuch i
Thng dng v thch hp cho vic nng cng sut.
S lin kt gia 2 transistor nh trn tng ng vi mt transistor duy nht c h s khuch
i dng in l |
D
= |
1
|2. Nu 2 transistor ng nht th |
D
= |
2
.

Thng s iu kin Min Max
U
BE
I
C
= 100mA 1,8V
h
fc

(|
D
)
I
C
= 10mA
I
C
= 100mA
4.000
7.000

70.000
c) S tng ng
T
1
|
1
T
2
|
2
B
C
E
T
D
|
D
B
C
E
T
1
|
1
T
2
|
2
B
C
E
a) D ng Transistor c ng lo i b) D ng Transistor kh c lo i
Bng thng s transistor Darlington 2N999
Mch khuch i Darlington
Dng phn cc tnh:

in p vo:


V mt xoay chiu transistor Darlington
c mc theo kiu cc gp chung CC) nn
c tng tr vo ln (hng trm kO), tng
tr ra nh (c hng chc O)v h s
khuch i p xp x bng 1, h s khuch
i dng rt ln (hng nghn). Mch
khuch i Darlington c in tr vo rt
ln nn dng vo nh, mch Darlington
c nhiu u im nh n nh cng tc
cao, mo tn hiu nh

Mch ng dng transistor Darlington
T
1
|
1
T
2
|
2
RE
RB
C1
C1
I
C
I
E
U
v
U
r
+Vcc
Q
BE
B
B D E
Vcc U
I
R R |

=
+
2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1
) 1 ( ) 1 (
v v v v B v B v B v B BE
r r R r I r I r I r I U | | + + = + + = + =
Gm 2 tng khuch i CC ghp
vi nhau
Mch khuch i dng
Tr khng vo:
Trong :


Mt khc:

VCC
Q2
E1=B2
B1
RE
RB
0
E2
C1=C2
Q1
R B
i
i
i
Z R
i
u
Z // = =
1
2 2 2 2
1
1
1 1 1 1
1
1 1
b
c e e b
be
b
c e e b
b
c b
R
i
u u
r
i
u u
i
u
Z
+
+ =
+
= =
( ) ( )
( )( )
1 1 2
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1
1 1
b
b b c e
i
ie i i i i
| |
| |
+ + =
+ = + = + =
B1
0
Rs
us
rbe1
E1=B2 E2
RE
ic2
RB
C1=C2
rbe2
ic1
Mch khuch i Darlington
Ta c:


Vy:


t:


(do )

Tr khng ra:

Trong :





( )
2 1 1 2 2 2 2
. . 1 .
be b be b e b
r i r i u | + = =
( )( )
E b E e c e
R i R i u . . 1 1 .
1 2 1 2 2 2
| | + + = =
( ) ( )( ) | |
E be be B
i
i
i
R r r R
i
u
Z
2 1 2 1 1
1 1 1 // | | | + + + + + = =
( )
2 1 1
1
be be be
r r r | + + =
2 1
.| | | =
D
( ) | |
E D be B
i
i
i
R r R
i
u
Z | + + = = 1 //
L E
o
o
o
Z R
i
u
Z // = = 0 ; = =
s L
u R
2
1 1 1 1 2 2
2
2 2 2 2
2
2 2
e
c b b e b e
e
c b b e
e
c e
L
i
u u u
i
u u
i
u
Z
+ +
=
+
= =
2 2 2 2
.
be b b e
r i u =
1 1 1 1
.
be b b e
r i u =
( )
S B b c b
R R i u // .
1 1 1
=
1 ,
2 1
>> | |
Thay vo ta c:







Mch khuch i Darlington c tr khng vo ln v tr khng ra nh
H s khuch i in p:




H s khuch i dng in:






( )
( )( )
(

+
+
=
(

+ +
+ + +
= =
D
S B be
E
S B be be
E
o
o
o
R R r
R
R R r r
R
i
u
Z
|
| |
|
1
//
//
1 1
// 1
//
2 1
1 2 1
( )
( )
1
1
1
2 2 2 2 1 1
2 2
1 1
2 2
~
+ +
+
=
+ +
= = =
E D be
E D
c e e b e b
c e
c b
c e
i
o
u
R r
R
u u u
u
u
u
u
u
K
|
|
( )( ) ( )
D
b
e
i
o
i
i
i
i
i
K | | | + ~ + + = = = 1 1 1
2 1
1
2




Mch lin kt chng (Cascode)

Mch gm tng khuch i CB ghp chng
vi mt tng khuch i CE
H s khuch i dng in:
Tr khng vo:
H s khuch i p:

Tr khng ra: Z
r
= R
C2
T cc thng s ca mch khuch i
Cascode ta c mt s nhn xt dau:
Tr khng vo ln (bng tr khng vo
ca mch khuch i CE)
H s khuch i p ton phn ln do tr
khng vo ln
Tn s lm vic ln (bng tn s gii hn
ca mch CB)


RE
R3
us
CE
Q1
C1
C3
RC
vo
C2
R2
0
Rs
0
+VCC
R1
Q2
us
ic1
ic2
RC
E2
RB1
Rs
rbe2
rbe1
0
B1 C1
C2
B2 E1
2 3 1 1
/ // //
v v v B B e
Z U i R R r | = =
2 2 1 1 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
.
. .
c C b C C r
u
v b e b e e
i R i R R U
K
U i r i r r
|
| |
= = ~ =
2 1 1 i c b
K i i | = ~
Mch khuch i vi sai

Ch ng pha


Ch vi sai


Khuch i lch in p gia hai
u vo

+V
CC
T
1
|
1
T
2
|
2
RE
RC1
RC2
RB1 RB2
-V
EE
U
v1
U
v2
U
r1
U
r2
2 1 c c o
v v v = =
( )
2 1 2 1 b b u c c o
v v K v v v = =
|r
e |i
b
B C
E
RC1
U
v1
i
b1
Ur1
RE
RB1
|r
e
|i
b
B C
RC2
i
b2
RB2
Ur2
U
v2
1.5. Hi tip
1.5.1. Khi nim v phn loi
1.5.2. Cc phng trnh c bn
1.5.3. nh hng ca hi tip n cc thng s ca
mch

1.5.1. Khi nim v phn loi
Hi tip: a mt phn nng lng u ra quay tr li u vo





Trong :
: Tn hiu xoay chiu u vo
: Tn hiu xoay chiu u ra
: H s khuch i vng h (Open-loop: khng c hi tip)
: H s hi tip
: Tn hiu ti u ra ca mch hi tip


Ti
Ngun
E
A
|
i
S
fb
S
c
S
o
S
i
S
o
S
A
|
fb
S
fb i
S S S + =
c
Phn loi hi tip
Theo tc dng khuch i
o Hi tip m
o Hi tip dng
Theo dng tn hiu hi tip
o Hi tip in p
o Hi tip dng in
Theo cch ghp
o Ghp ni tip
o Ghp song song

Phn loi hi tip
Hi tip m: tn hiu hi tip ngc pha vi tn hiu vo lm yu tn hiu vo
Hi tip dng: tn hiu hi tip ng pha vi tn hiu vo lm mnh tn hiu vo ( thng
dng trong cc mch to dao ng)
Hi tip in p l mch ly in p ra v
o
to in p hi tip v
f
a tr li u vo.
Hi tip dng in l mch ly ra dng in i
o
to in p hi tip v
f
a tr li u
vo.
Hi tip song song l khi in p ngun tn hiu v
s
v in p hi tip v
f
ghp song song
nhau( khi hai tn hiu v
s
v v
f
cng a vo mt cc ca Transistor)
Hi tip ni tip l khi in p ngun tn hiu v
s
v in p tn hiu hi tip v
f
ghp ni
tip vi nhau (khi hai tn hiu v
s
v v
f
a vo hai cc khc nhau ca mt transistor.)
Mch in ca b khuch i c hi tip c chia lm 4 loi
Hi tip ni tip in p: Tn hiu hi tip a v u vo ni tip vi ngun tn hiu ban u v t l
vi in p u ra
Hi tip song song in p: Tn hiu hi tip a v u vo song song vi ngun tn hiu ban u v
t l vi in p ra
Hi tip ni tip dng in: Tn hiu hi tip v u vo ni tip vi ngun tn hiu ban u v t l vi
dng in ra
Hi tip song song dng in: tn hiu hi tip v u vo song song vi ngun tn hiu ban u v t
l vi dng in ra
Tn hiu ti u ra:

Tn hiu ti u ra mch hi tip:

Vy:

Hay:

H s khuch i khi c hi tip; (*)

Nu: th:

H s khuch i ch ph thuc vo h s hi tip, ch ph thuc vo mch hi tip nn
c n nh cao, do cc mch hi tip thng ch gm cc phn t th ng.
2. H s n nh nhit

Vi phn(*):








c
S A S
o
=
o fb
S S = |
fb i
S S S + =
c
( ) | |
o i fb i o
S S A S S A S A S + = + = = |
c
. ( )
i o
S A S A = | 1
A
A
S
S
A
i
o
f

= =
| 1
1 >> A |
| |
1
=

~
A
A
A
f
dA
dA
S
f
=
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
1 1
. . 1
1 A
dA
A
dA A dA A
A
A
d dA
f

=

+
=
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
| |
| |
|
( )
2
1
1
A
S

=
|
S cng nh th kh nng n nh nhit cng cao
1.5.3. nh hng ca hi tip n cc thng s ca mch

Hi tip ni tip in p
Hi tip song song in p
Hi tip ni tip dng in
Hi tip song song dng in

Hi tip ni tip dng in






Tr khng vo



Tr khng ra



fb i
v v v + =
c
c
v A i
o
. =
c
| | v A i v
o fb
. . . = =
( ) ( )
i
i i
fb
i
i
if
Z A
i
v
A
i
v v
i
v
Z . . 1 . 1 | |
c
c
+ = + =
+
= =
Rs
v
o
i
Z
Z
i
fb
v
c
v A.
c
v
Z
if

Z
of

r
= =
=
L i
R v
o
o
of
i
v
Z
; 0
( ) ( )
o o o o o
Z i A Z v A i v . . . 1 |
c
+ = =
0 = + =
fb i
v v v
c o fb
i v v = = |
c
( )
o
R i
o
o
of
Z A
i
v
Z
L i
. 1
; 0
| + = =
= =
o
i
Rs
v
o
v
Z
Z
i
fb
o
c
v A.

Hi tip ni tip in p




Tr khng vo



Tr khng vo ca mch khi c hi tip s tng ln ln so vi mch khi khng
c hi tip
Tr khng ra









c
| | v A v v
o fb
. . . = =
fb i
v v v =
c
1
vi
3
vo
vo
2
Zi
Zo
Rs
vfb
( ) ( )
i
i i
fb
i
i
if
Z A
i
v
A
i
v v
i
v
Z + = + =
+
= = . 1 . 1 | |
c
c
( ) A | + 1
= =
=
L i
R v
o
o
of
i
v
Z
; 0
o
v
c
v A.
o
i
( ) A
Z
v
Z
v A v
i
o
o
o
o
o
|
c
+ =

= 1
.
0 = + =
c
v v v
fb i
o fb
v v v . |
c
= =
( ) A
Z
i
v
Z
o
o
o
of
| +
= =
1
2. Hi tip song song dng in



Vy:

Tr khng vo



Nu u vo mc song song th tr khng vo ca mch c hi tip s gim i ln
Tr khng ra


fb
1
3
io
Rs
2
i
Zi
i
Zo
i
c
i A
c
i
i
i
fb i
i i i + =
c
c
| | i A i i
o fb
= =
o
i
( ) A
Z
i
Z i
i
v
Z
i
i
i
i
i
if
+
=

= =
|
c
1
( )
c c
| i A i i i
fb i
+ = + = 1
( ) A | + 1
c
i A
fb
1
3

Rs
2
i
Zi
i
Zo
i
o
i
o
v
= =
=
L i
R i
o
o
of
i
v
Z
; 0
( ) ( )
o o o o o
Z i A Z i A i v . . . 1 |
c
+ = =
0 = + =
fb i
i i i
c
o fb
i i i = = |
c
( )
o
R i
o
o
of
Z A
i
v
Z
L i
. 1
; 0
| + = =
= =
4. Hi tip song song in p



Tr khng vo
H mch u ra:





Tr khng ra


c
i
c
i A.
fb i
i i i + =
c
o fb
v i = |
( ) A
Z
i
Z i
i
v
Z
i
i
i
i
i
if
+
=

= =
|
c
1
c
i A v
o
. =
( ) A i i i i
fb i
|
c c
+ = + = 1
o
i
i
v
v
Z
i
i Z
Rs
o
fb
o
= =
=
L i
R i
o
o
of
i
v
Z
; 0
( ) A
Z
v
Z
i A v
i
o
o
o
o
o
|
c
+ =

= 1
.
0 = + =
c
i i i
fb i
o fb
v i i . |
c
= =
( ) A
Z
i
v
Z
o
o
o
of
| +
= =
1
o
i v
v
Z
i
Z
o
Rs
fb
o
Rf =10k
RL=4k
R2
20k
vi
RC1
2k
RE1
1k
Q1
C2
C3
Q2
R3
85k
CE1
R1
80k
R4
15k
R8
4k
C1
RE2
0.5k
VCC=10V
Rs
C2
C2
Q1
R2
VCC
vi
C1
RL
RE1
Rs
R1
RC1
VCC
RC1
Q1
RL
R1
Rs C1
C2
vi

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