Chng 2

Mch khuch i cng sut

Bin son: Th.S Vit H
Bm: K thut in t

NI DUNG
2.1. nh ngha v phn loi
2.2. Mch khuch i ch A
2.3. Mch khuch i ch B (AB)
2.4. Mch khuch i ch C

2.1. NH NGHA V PHN LOI
a. Khi nim
L mch khuch i tng cui cng
To ra cng sut cung cp cho ti (vi Watt n vi trm Watt), in p v cng dng in
tng i ln
Mch khuch i tn hiu ln: khng s dng s tng ng ng ca Transistor m s dng
phng php th gii quyt bi ton
b. Phn loi
Ch A: Transistor c phn cc cng tuyn tnh. Tn hiu c khuch i gn nh tuyn
tnh. Dng tn hiu ra c gi nguyn ch bin i v bin so vi tn hiu vo. Ch ny c
hiu sut thp (vi ti in tr di 25%) nhng mo phi tuyn nh nht. im lm vic tnh
trong ch A phi nm gia ng ti tnh.
Ch B: Transistor c phn cc vng ngt. Tn hiu ra ch c trong mt na chu k (m
hoc dng). Ch ny c hiu sut ln (78%), tuy mo xuyn tm ln nhng c th khc phc
bng cch kt hp vi ch AB hoc dng hi tip m.
Ch AB: C tnh cht chuyn tip gia ch A v ch B. Transistor c phn cc gn
vng ngt tham gia vo vic gim mo khi tn hiu vo c bin nh. Tn hiu ra c hn
mt na chu k.
Ch C: Transistor c phn cc di vng ngt. Tn hiu ra ch c trong nh hn mt na
chu k, hiu sut ln (>78%) nhng mo rt ln. Mch ch C c dng trong cc mch
khuch i cao tn c ti l cc khung cng hng chn lc tn s mong mun v t hiu sut
cao.
Ch D: Transistor lm vic nh mt kho in t ng m. Di tc dng ca tn hiu vo
iu khin transistor thng bo ho l kho ng, dng I
C
t cc i, cn kho m khi transistor
ngt, dng I
C
= 0.


2.1. NH NGHA V PHN LOI

Phn loi mch khuch i cng
sut theo v tr im lm vic
Dng tn hiu ra ca cc mch
khuch i cng sut
I
C
U
CE
A
AB
B
C
V ng ngt
V ng b o
ha
Gi i h n
cng sut
2.1. NH NGHA V PHN LOI
2.1. NH NGHA V PHN LOI
Cc tham s ca mch khuch i cng sut
H s khuch i cng sut:


Hiu sut ca mch:



Cng sut tiu tn cc i ca Transistor
L cng sut ln nht m Transistor c th chu c
L mt tham s rt quan trng i vi mch khuch i cng
sut
Nu Transistor lm vic vt qua gii hn ca ng ng
cng sut cc i th Transistor s b hng do qu nhit

i
o
P
P
P
K =
% 100 =
dc
o
P
P
q
max D
P
2.2. MCH KHUCH I CH A
Mch khuch i ch A ti in tr:
Mch khuch i ch A ghp bin p

MCH KHUCH I CH A TI IN TR (1)
Ti l in tr, thng c gi tr
nh
im cng tc tnh nm chnh
gia ng ti tnh











v
s
R
2
R
V
R
R
Q
0
C1
1n
1
CC
L
E
) 16 , 8 , 4 ( O O O
p
L E
CC
CQ
I
R R
V
I =
+
=
2
1
p CC CEQ
U V U = =
2
1
L p c
i t I i = = e sin
t I I i I i
p CQ c CQ C
e sin + = + =
t U u
p ce
e sin =
t U U u U u
p CEQ ce CEQ CE
e sin = + =
MCH KHUCH I CH A TI IN TR (2)
Cng sut xoay chiu trn ti:





Cng sut ngun mt chiu cung cp cho mch


Hiu sut ca mch





( )
2
2
2
2
8
1
.
2
1
2
1
2
1
L E
L
CC
L
L E
CC
L p o
R R
R
V
R
R R
V
R I P
+
=

|
|
.
|

\
|
+
= =
) ( 2 2
1
.
2
L E
CC
L E
CC
CC CQ CC dc
R R
V
R R
V
V I V P
+
=
+
= =
L E
L
dc
o
R R
R
P
P
+
= =
4
1
q
% 25
0
max
max
=
=
q
q
E
R
MCH KHUCH I CH A TI IN TR (3)
Cng sut tiu tn tc thi trn Transistor





Cng sut tiu tn trung bnh trn Transistor:



Phng trnh ng ti tnh:



Phng trnh ng ti ng:







C CE Q
i u p =
( )( )
( )( ) ( ) t
I Vcc
t t I U
t I I t U U p
CQ
CQ CEQ
p CQ p CEQ Q
e e e
e e
2
sin 1
2
sin 1 sin 1 .
sin sin

= + =
+ =
( )
CQ CC
T
Q Q
I V dt t p
T
P = =
}
0
1
( )
CE C
U f I =
( )
E L C CC CE
R R I V U + =
( ) ( )
E L
CC
CE
E L
C
R R
V
U
R R
I
+
+
+
=
1
) (
CE C
u f i =
L c ce
R i u =
( ) | |
( ) ( ) ( )
E CQ CC L C E CQ CC L CQ c
E L CQ CC L c CEQ ce CE
R I V R i R I V R I i
R R I V R i U u u
+ = + + =
+ + = + = .
MCH KHUCH I CH A TI IN TR (4)
Phng trnh ng ti ng:


H s gc ca ng ti tnh:

H s gc ca ng ti ng:

ng ti ng v ng ti tnh giao nhau ti im cng tc tnh Q, ng
ti ng c h s gc nh hn so vi ng ti tnh nn c dc ln hn.
L
E CQ CC
CE
L
C
R
R I V
u
R
i

+ =
1
E L
R R
tg
+
=
1
1
o
1 2
1
o o tg
R
tg
L
< =
i
C

u
CE

ng ti tnh
ng ti ng
Q
MCH KHUCH I CH A TI L CUN CM







thu c tn hiu u ra khng mo v t c hiu sut l ln nht th:



Cng sut xoay chiu thu c trn ti:

Cng sut mt chiu cung cp cho mch:

Hiu sut ca mch:




CEQ
U
CC CEQ
V U =
L
CC
CQ
R
V
I =
R2
0
RL
RE
R1
CE
Q1
vs
C1
L1
1
2
VCC
C2
CC p
V U =
L
CC
CQ p
R
V
I I = =
L
CC
L p L
R
V
R I P
2
2
2
1
2
1
= =
C
i
L
CC
R
V 2
CC
V
CC
V 2
ng ti tnh, h s gc=
ng ti ng,
h s gc = -1/R
L

CE
u
Q
CQ
I
E
R
1

L
CC
CQ CC dc
R
V
I V P
2
= =
% 50 = =
dc
o
P
P
q
MCH KHUCH I CH A GHP BIN P

Cng sut xoay chiu thu c trn ti:



Cng sut mt chiu cp cho mch



Hiu sut ca mch:

T1
1 4
2 3
vs
Q1
C1
RL
R1
CE
R2
VCC
RE
C
i
'
2
L
CC
R
V
CC
V
CC
V 2
ng ti tnh, h s gc=
ng ti ng,
h s gc = -1/R
L

CE
u
Q
CQ
I
E
R
1

CC CEQ
V U =
'
L
R
CC p
V U = '
L
CC
CQ p
R
V
I I = =
L L
R R =
2
' o
L
CC
L p L
R
V
R I P

= =
2
2
' 2
2
1
2
1
o
L
CC
CQ CC dc
R
V
I V P

= =
2
2
o
% 50 = q
im cng tc tnh:

Trong , l ti s cp:

t c hiu sut ln nht ti u ra:

'
L
CC
CQ
R
V
I =
2.3. MCH KHUCH I CH B (AB)
Mch khuch i y ko i xng b (ngc)
Mch khuch i y ko dng bin p
Mch khuch i kt cui n vi 1 ngun cung cp

MCH KHUCH I Y KO I XNG B (1)










Mi transistor c phn cc ch
B v ch dn trong na chu k. Tuy
nhin c mt s suy bin nh c bit
khi tn hiu nh (mo im 0).









Hai transistor Q
1
v Q
2
s thay nhau dn
trong mi na chu k.
Khng c khuch i p nhng h s
khuch i dng in ln khuch i
cng sut.

c tuyn truyn t v dng sng
mch khuch i ch B
Mch khuch i y ko
b ch B c bn.
Q
2
Q
1
+Vcc
-Vcc
R
L
u
r u
v
i
L
0.6V - 0.6V
uv
ur ur
t
uv
Transistor b o ho
Transistor b o ho
MCH KHUCH I Y KO I XNG B (2)
HIU SUT

in p ra cho mch ch B ny l:

Trong in p ra ln nht U
p
= V
CC.
in p u
CE1
c vit theo cng thc:

Cng sut trung bnh trn ti l:


cng sut trung bnh ca mi ngun cp

Cng sut trung bnh do c 2 ngun cp

Hiu sut ca mch l:



Hiu sut ln nht khi tn hiu ra ln
nht vi U
p
=V
CC
. Ta c:




Thc t, hiu sut ca mch ch B
thp hn gi tr trn do cc suy hao
khc ca mch v in p ra nh (U
p
)
phi nh hn V
CC
trnh a
transistor vo min bo ho. Khi bin
in p ra tng th mo tn hiu ra cng
tng. mo mc chp nhn c,
in p ra nh U
p
thng nh hn V
CC

vi Volt.


sin
o p
u U t e =
1
sin
CE CC p
u V U t e =
2
1
2
p
L
L
U
P
R
=
( )
p
S S CC
L
U
P P V
R t
+
= =
2
1
2
4
2. ( )
p
p
L L
p
CC S
CC
L
U
U
P R
U
V P
V
R
t
q
t

= = =
2. ( )
p
S CC
L
U
P V
R t
=
max
78.5%
4
t
q = ~
MCH KHUCH I Y KO I XNG B (2)
MO IM 0

Trong di in p gn 0V, c 2
transistor u ngt v in p ra bng
0 v to ra mo im 0 vi tn hiu vo
dng sin.
Mo im 0 ny c th c khc
phc bng cch phn cc tnh vi gi
tr nh cho c Q
1
v Q
2
v mch
khuch i kiu ny hot ng trong
ch AB.
in tr R l in tr phn cc dn
dng n 2 diode D
1
v D
2
to in p
khng i gia Q
1
v Q
2
. Hai
transistor Q
1
v Q
2
c cng V
BE
nn I
1

= I
2
. Khi in p ri trn diode bng
V
BE
, ta c ti im A v im C c
in p bng V
BE
, im B c in p l
2V
BE
.

Q2
Q1
+Vcc
-Vcc
RL
u
r
i
L
R
D1
D2
i
1
i
2
2V
BE
V
BE
B
A
u
r
V
BE
V
BE
u
v
a. S m ch b. c tuyn truyn t
C
MCH KHUCH I Y KO DNG BIN P
Bin p o pha u vo c nhim v
to 2 in p vo ngc pha nhau a
ti 2 transistor Q
1
v Q
2
.
Khi khng c tn hiu vo, c Q
1
v Q
2

u ngt, khng c dng in trong
mch, in p ra trn ti bng 0.
Khi c tn hiu vo, trong na chu k
dng ca tn hiu, Q
1
dn. Dng i
1

chy qua bin p u ra to cm ng
cp cho ti nn trn ti c na sng
dng. Trong na chu k ny, tn hiu
a vo Q
2
m nn Q
2
ngt.
n na chu k tip theo, tn hiu a
vo Q
2
dng nn Q
2
dn. Dng i
2

chy qua bin p u ra to cm ng
cung cp cho ti nn trn ti c na
sng dng. Trong khi , tn hiu a
vo Q
1
m nn Q
1
ngt.
Do i
1
v i
2
chy ngc chiu nhau trong
bin p ra nn in th cm ng bn
cun th cp cng ngc pha nhau,
chng kt hp vi nhau to c chu k
ca tn hiu trn ti.








Hiu sut ca tng c tnh nh sau:
q = q
b.a
.q
B

Trong q
b.a
l hiu sut ca my bin
p (khong t 80%90%), q
B
l hiu
sut khuch i ca tng khuch i
ch B khi khng ghp bin p. Theo
kt qu tnh ton phn trn ta c q
B

(max)= 78.54%.
q
max
= q
b.a
.q
B(max)
= 60% 70%

Q2
Q1
+Vcc
RL
u
v
i
1
i
2
N1
N
1
N
2
i
L
Q1 dn
Q
2
dn
Bin p
o pha
u vo
Bin p
u ra
MCH KHUCH I KT CUI N VI 1 NGUN CUNG CP

ti s phi c ni vi mt t in c
gi tr cao (khong vi trm mF).
in p trn t s l hng s trong sut
chu k hot ng, ging nh mt ngun
cung cp th 2.
Nu 2 Transistor ging nhau, ti im
chung A c in p Vcc/2 v t s duy
tr in p ny.
Khi Q
1
dn, in p cung cp cho mch
s l hiu ca Vcc v in p trn t,
tc l bng Vcc/2. Cn khi Q
2
dn, ch
c ngun cung cp bi t l hot ng,
cng bng Vcc/2.
T C ng vai tr nh ngun 1 chiu vi
gi tr in p l: U
Co
= Vcc/2

Q
2
Q
1
+Vcc
u
v
Bin p
o pha
u vo
C
R
L
U
Co
+
A
1 1

L
d d L
R hay C
C R e e
s >
MCH KHUCH I CH C
Mch khuch i ch C transistor c
phn cc trong min ngt, im lm vic
cn thp hn im ngt.
Ti mt s im khi tn hiu ln vt
qu ngng ngt (trong na chu k dng
ca tn hiu) th mi xut hin tn hiu ra.
Do trong ch ny transistor ch dn
trong khong nh hn na chu k
Tn hiu ra ca mch khuch i ch C l
nhng xung hp. Mo trong trng hp ny
l rt ln nn khng s dng tng khuch
i n hoc tng y ko.

Mch khuch i ch C c kh nng cung
cp cng sut ln vi hiu sut ln hn
78.5%, tuy nhin ch C to mo ln trong
tn hiu ra. Cc mch khuch i ch C
ch yu c ng dng trong khuch i tn
s cao dng ti cng hng RLC thng
dng trong cc my pht ca Tivi hoc i
I
CQ
U
BE
I
C
t
t
Q
Vcc/Rc
Icmax
T
A
B
I
C
t
U
BEQ
t<T/4 U
BE