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HCM
KHOA MI TRNG V CNG NGH SINH HC
SN XUT SA TI TIT
TRNG UHT
Lp 09DSH2
V Th Ngc Xun
o Th Kim Ln
ng Phc Lc
Th Nhung
Nguyn Th Thy Hng
Nguyn Th Tuyn
MC LC
1
LI M U..............................................................................................................3
CHNG I. TNG QUAN
1.1. Thnh phn ha hc ca sa...................................................................................4
1.1.1. Nc....................................................................................................................4
1.1.1.1. Nc t do ............................................................................................4
1.1.1.2. Nc lin kt..........................................................................................4
1.1.2. Cht kh...............................................................................................................4
1.1.2.1. Cht bo sa...........................................................................................4
1.1.2.2. Protein....................................................................................................5
1.1.2.3. Glucid....................................................................................................5
1.1.2.4. Cht khong...........................................................................................5
1.1.2.5. Vitamin..................................................................................................5
1.1.2.6. Enzyme..................................................................................................5
1.2. Tnh cht c trng.................................................................................................5
1.2.1. Tnh cht ha hc.................................................................................................5
1.2.1.1. acid chung........................................................................................6
1.2.1.2. acid hot ng..................................................................................6
1.2.1.3. Tnh cht oxi ha kh ca sa................................................................6
1.2.1.4. Tnh cht keo ca sa.............................................................................6
1.2.2. Tnh cht ha l ....................................................................................................6
1.2.2.1. T trng ................................................................................................6
1.2.2.2. nht ...........................................................................................6
1.2.2.3. p sut thm thu v nhit ng bng ........................................7
1.2.2.4. Sc cng b mt ...............................................................................7
1.2.2.5. dn in .....................................................................................7
1.2.2.6. Nhit dung .......................................................................................7
1.2.2.7. dn nhit ....................................................................................7
CHNG II. CNG NGH SN XUT SA TI TIT TRNG ...............8
2.1. S quy trnh ................................................................................................8
2.2. Thuyt minh quy trnh .....................................................................................9
2.2.1. Nguyn liu ..................................................................................................9
2.2.2. Lm sch ......................................................................................................9
2.2.3. Chun ha ...................................................................................................10
2.2.4. Bi kh .........................................................................................................10
2.2.5. ng ha ....................................................................................................10
2.2.6. Tit trng .....................................................................................................11
2.2.6.1. Phng php gia nhit gin tip ...........................................................11
2
LI M U
Sa l mt thc phm giu dinh dng, rt cn thit cho sc khe ca con
ngi, l thc phm tt nht cho c th con ngi. Sa l mt cht lng mu trng c
chy t tuyn v ca ngi m hoc mt s ng vt ging ci nui con. Tng t
nh tht ng vt, c v trng, sa c ngun m rt phong ph vi y cc amino
acid c bn m c th cn. c bit sa l ngun cung cp canxi, gip duy tr cc hot
ng c bn ca c th, phng nga nguy c long xng, gim cao huyt p v ngn
nga ung th i trng.
Sa l loi thc ung c tiu th mnh nht v s dng rng ri trn th gii.
Cng chnh v gi tr dinh dng cao m sa ti rt kh bo qun.
Ngy nay cng vi s tin b ca khoa hc k thut, ngnh cng nghip ch
bin sa ngy cng pht trin, cho ra i nhiu phng php bo qun v ch bin sa.
Trong ph bin nht l bo qun sa bng phng php tit trng, chng va c
ngha ln trong bo qun thc phm m cn p ng nhu cu th trng sa hin nay.
Trong bi bo co ny, chng ti s trnh by nhng ni dung sau:
- Tng quan v thnh phn ha hc v tnh cht ca sa
- Quy trnh sn xut sa ti tit trng
- nh gi cht lng sn phm
- Mt s thit b trong quy trnh sn xut sa ti tit trng
87,4
Gluxit
4,75
Cht bo
3,78
Protein
3,2
Cht khong
0,87
Cht kh tng s
12,6
Cc cht khc
1.1.1. Nc
Nc l thnh phn chnh ca sa, chim khong t 85,5 % - 89,5%. Nc
ng vai tr l dung mi ha tan, l mi trng phn tn cc cht v c, hu c v l
cu ni cho cc phn ng ha hc, phn ng sinh hc, phn ng ln men; tham gia
trc tip vo cc phn ng trao i cht, thy phn
1.1.1.1. Nc t do:
- Nc t do chim 96% - 97% tng lng nc trong sa
- Nc t do c th b bc hi trong qu trnh bo qun pho mt hoc b ngng
t.
1.1.1.2. Nc lin kt
- Chim 3% - 4% tng lng nc. Hm lng nc lin kt ph thuc vo cc
thnh phn trong h keo: protein, polysaccaride.
- Hm lng nc nc trong cc sn phm sa rt khc nhau.
- Nc lin kt ng bng nhit di 0oC, khng ha tan mui v ng.
1.1.2. Cht kh
Tr nc ra th cht kh l tt c nhng thnh phn c trong sa .
1.1.2.1. Cht bo sa
- Cht bo chim khong 3,8%, l thnh phn quan trng nht trong sa. V
mt gi tr dinh dng, cht bo sinh nng lng cao (9kcal/g).
5
10
Trc khi rt sa phi kim tra cc tiu chun ho l, tiu chun cm quan. C
th dng cc loi bao b khc nhau nh chai thu tinh, bao bng giy, ti plolyetylen,
bi ng ng sa.
Vic rt sn phm c tin hnh trong cc thit b chuyn dng, c th l dy
chuyn t ng cng sut ln bao gm nhiu my.
Sn phm ng chai :
- Dy chuyn t ng rt sa vo chai cng sut l200 chai gi lm vic theo
nguyn tc sau: Chai ng trong cc st c a ln bng ti v my t ng nhc
cc chai ra khi st a ti my ra chai. Chai sau khi c ra sch v qua st trng
mi c a n mt my rt chai. Trn ng i (bng ti) ngi ta kim tra
sch v loi tr cc chai b st m.
- My rt v ng np chai gm hai b phn lin quan ti nhau, b phn rt v
b phn ng np. u tin chai c a n my rt lm vic theo c cu rt chn
khng n ngn quy nh. Theo c cu ny loi tr c trng hp rt sa khng vo
chai st m. l v sa chy vo chai khi p sut trong chai v trong thng cha sa
ca my rt chai bng nhau. Trong cc chai st m, chn khng khng th c c v
do sa s khng rt vo chai ny.
- Chai rt sa c chuyn qua mt my ghp np. My t t ln mi chai
mt ming giy nhm v sau dp kn ming chai. Trn np c ng du tn sn
phm, ngy sn xut, th tch, tn nh my... Trong thi gian trn, cc gi ng chai
cng c em i ra, sy ri sau chuyn ti ni ng sn phm.
Sn phm ng bao b giy :
- Nguyn liu lm bao b l mt loi giy nhiu lp mt ngoi c trng mt lp
paraphin mng, mt trong mng polyetylen khng thm nc v khng kh.
- My rt sa c cng sut 3600 gi/h - dung tch 0,5 lt v 4500 gi/h - dung
tch 0,25 lt. Trong thit b c rul gi, t bng giy i qua con ln. Trn ng i,
giy c tit trng bng mt loi n c bit. Sau bng giy qua b phn to
thnh ng giy v hn mt ng theo chiu dc. Que hn in c nhit 2000C
lm chy mng polyetylen hai mp giy v dn chng li vi nhau.
- Sa theo ng dn i vo b phn to thnh ng giy. Nu ng giy khng c
hoc khng kn th b phn iu chnh t ng s ngt khng cho sa vo, ng giy c
y sa bn trong tip tc chuyn qua b phn to thnh ng dn ngang. Hai i
kp sau mt thi gian nht nh cp cht ng giy theo hng vung gc to thnh
mt dy di lin tc cc bao sa. ng dn vung gc c to thnh nh tc dng
ca que hn t trong cc kp. Tip dng dao ct ri tng bao. Theo bng ti, cc
bao sa i n b phn xp t ng vo cc gi st.
2.2.8. Thnh phm:
Sn phm ng nht khng b hin tng try xt trn bao b.
13
15
Hm lng lactose
pH
0,5
2. Ch, mg/l
3. Cadimi, mg/l
4. Thu ngn, mg/l
0,5
1,0
0,05
Mc cho php
10
0
0
0
17
18
19
p sut: 2000bar
Kch thc pha phn tn sau ng ha: <1m
3.4.4. Thit b tit trng UHT
3.4.4.1. Gia nhit gin tip
Thit b gia nhit v lm ngui dng bn mng. Nh sn xut: Tetra Pak
Thng s k thut
p sut thit k: 10 bar
Nhit thit k: 1500C
Tun theo PED, c th c CE ph thuc vo iu kin thit k.
Hnh 3.7.
Tetra Plex
M
Ch ni: SMS hay DIN male parts. i vi tetra Plex MS15 thng s dng mi ghp
bch bng DIN hay AINSI.
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23
KT LUN
Sa ti l mt trong nhng sn phm thc phm c gi tr dinh dng cao
nht. Trong sa c y tt c cc cht dinh dng cn thit cho c th hp th.
Ngoi cc thnh phn chnh l protein, lactose, khong, cn c tt c cc loi vitamin
ch yu, cc ngun nng lng khng th thay th.
Sa l ngun cung cp vitamin cn thit cho c th. Protein ca sa rt c bit,
c cha nhiu v hi ha cc loi acid amin cn thit. Hng ngy mi ngi ch cn
dng 100g protein sa c th tha mn ton nhu cu v acid amin. C th ngi s
dng protein ca sa to thnh hemoglobin d dng hn bt c loi protein no ca
c th. tiu ha ca protein sa l 96- 98%.
Hm lng mui canxi v phospho trong sa cao gip cho qu trnh to xng,
cc hot ng ca no.
Sa khng nhng b m cn c tc dng gii c, cha bnh.
Trong s cc thc n t nhin ca con ngi khng c sn phm no m hn
hp cc cht cn thit li c phi hp mt cch c hiu qu nh sa.
Chnh v vy, vic ci tin quy trnh sn xut sa tit trng UHT ngy cng hin
i to c nhiu sn phm hn mi c th p ng nhu cu th trng hin nay.
Cn c quy trnh kim nghim sa nguyn liu tht cht ch trnh hin tng
d lng khng sinh nh hng n sc khe ca ngi tiu dng.
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