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com

V Th Ht www.MATHVN.com 1
PP GII BI TP TCH V HNG
I.L thuyt :
TCH VO HNG CUA HAI VECT
I .Goc gia hai vect : nh ngha:Cho 2 vect a

va b

(khac 0

).T iem O bat k ve OA a =

, OB b =

.
Goc AOB

vi so o t 0
0
en 180
0
goi la goc gi a hai vect a

va b

KH : ( a

, b

) hay ( , b a

)
ac biet : Neu ( a

, b

)=90
0
th
ta noi a

va b

vuong goc nhau .KH: a b

hay b a


Neu ( a

, b

)=0
0
th a b


Neu ( a

, b

)=180
0
th a b



I. nh ngha:
Cho hai vect , a b

khac 0

. Tch vo hng cua va b a

la mo t so k hieu: . a b

c xac nh bi cong
thc:
. . . ( , ) a b a b Cos a b =


Chu y:
* . 0 a b a b =


*
2
. a b a b a = =


2
a

goi la bnh phng vo hng cua vec a

.
* . a b

am hay dng phu thuoc vao ( , ) Cos a b


2) Ca c tnh chat :
Vi 3 vect , , a b c

bat ky. Vi moi so k ta co:
. . a b b a =


.( ) . . a b c a b a c + = +


( . ). .( . ) .( . ) k a b k a b a k b = =


*
2 2
0, 0 0 a a a = =



* Nhan xet :

2 2 2
2
2 2
2 2
( ) 2 .
( ) 2 .
( )( )
a b a a b b
a b a a b b
a b a b a b
+ = + +
= + +
+ =

III . Bieu thc to a o cua tch vo hng :
Cho 2 vect
1 2 1 2
( ; ), ( ; ) a a a b b b


Ta co :


Nhan xet : . a b

= 0 khi va ch khi
1 1 2 2
. . a b a b + =0 ( , 0 a b

)
IV . ng dung :
Cho
1 2 1 2
( ; ), ( ; ) a a a b b b


a) o dai vect :
b) Goc gia hai vect :


b

O

1 1 2 2
. . . a b a b a b = +


cos( , ) a b

=
.
.
a b
a b

=
1 1 2 2
2 2 2 2
1 2 1 2
. .
.
a b a b
a a b b
+
+ +

2 2
1 2
a a a = +

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V Th Ht www.MATHVN.com 2


II,DNG BI TP C BN

Bi 1: Tnh tch v hng ca 2 vecto.
Phng php:
-Tnh ( ) b ; a vecto 2 bi tao goc va a ; a
-p dng cng thc ( ) b ; a cos b a b , a =
Th d :
Cho tam gic ABC vung cn ti A c AB =AC = a . Tnh CB . AC ; AC . AB
2 2 0
2
1
2 45 0 a a cos CB . CA CB . CA CB , AC AC . AB AC AB
GIAI
= = = = =>

BI TP
1.Cho hnh vung ABCD c cnh a . Tnh AC . AB ; AD . AB S: 0 ; a
2

2.Cho tam gic ABC vung ti C c AC = 9 v BC = 5. Tnh AC . AB S:81
3.Cho tam gic ABC c AB=2 BC = 4 v CA = 3.
AD ra suy roi AC ; AB theo AD Tnh . BC vi A goc cua trong giac phan iem giao la D Goi . d
GA . GC GC . GB . GB . GA Tnh . c
BC . AG Tnh . giac tam tam trong la G .Goi b A cos ra suy AC . AB Tnh . a
+ +
HD:
( ) ( )( )
5
6 3
6
29
3
5
3
1
3
1
3
2
4
1
=
+ = => + = =
= =
AD : S . c
: S AB AC AC AB BC . AG AC AB AM AG . b
A cos
2
3
- : S : ve 2 phng bnh AB AC BC


Bi 2:Chng minh mt ng thc vec t c lien quan n tch v hng hay ng thc cc di .
Phng php :
-Ta s dng cc php ton v vec t v cc tnh cht ca tch v hng .
-V di ta ch :AB
2
=
2
AB
Th d1 : Cho tam gic ABC . v M l mt im bt k .
1.Chng minh rng 0 = + + AB . MC CA . MB BC . MA
2.Gi G l trng tm tam gic chng minh
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 GC GB GA MG MC MB MA + + + = + +
3.Suy ra ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
3
1
c b a GC GB GA + + = + + vi a ; b ;c l di 3 cnh ca tam gic

Chng minh
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V Th Ht www.MATHVN.com 3
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2
2 2
2 2
2
2 2
2 2
2
3
1
2 6
4
4
4 3
3 2 3
2 3
2
2
2 2
0
c b a GC GB GA ) c b a ( GC GB GA
GA GB GC AC CB C M
GC GA GB BC BA B M
GC GB GA AC AB A M .
GC GB GA MG GC GB GA MG GC GB GA MG
GC . MG GB . MG GA . MG GC GB GA MG VT
GC . MG GC MG GC MG MC MC
GB . MG GB MG GB MG MB MB
GA . MG GA MG GA MG MA MA .
MA . MC MB . MC MC . MB MA . MB MB . MA MC . MA
) MA MB ( MC ) MC MA ( MB ) MB MC .( MA VT
+ + = + + => + + = + + =>
+ + = + =>
+ + = + =>
+ + = + =>
+ + + == + + + + + + =
+ + + + + + = =>
+ + = + = =
+ + = + = =
+ + = + = =
= + + =
= + + =

BI TP:
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1.Cho 2 im c nh A v B v M l mt im bt k .H l hnh chiu ca M ln AB v I l trung im
ca AB.Chng minh rng :
IH . AB MB MA ) c
AB
MI MB MA ) b
AB
MI MB . MA ) a 2
2
2
4
2 2
2
2 2 2
2
2
= + = + =
2.Cho t gic ABCD .
a.Chng minh rng DB . AC DA CD BC AB 2
2 2 2 2
= +
b. Chng minh iu kin cn v t gic ABCD c 2 ng cho vung gc l :AB
2
+CD
2
=BC
2
+AD
2

3.Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A c cnh huyn BC = a3 .Gi M l trung im ca BC bit
a AC 2 a AB : S AC va AB Tnh .
a
BC , AM = = =
2
2

4.Cho na ng trn tm O ng knh AB = 2R .Gi M v N l 2 im thuc na ng trn v AM v
BN ct nhau ti I.
a.Chng minh BA . BI BN . BI ; AB . AI AM . AI = =
:b,T tnh BN . BI AM . AI + theo R
5.Cho tam gic ABC c trc tm H v M l trung im BC Chng minh
4
2
BC
MA . MH =
6.Cho t gic ABCD c 2 ng cho AC v BD vung gc vi nhau ti M v P l trung im ca AD .
Chng minh MD . MB MC . MA BC MP = <=>

Bi 3: Trong mp Oxy cho tam gic ABC vi A(x
1
;y
1
) B(x
2
;y
2
) v C(x
3
;y
3
) .Xc nh hnh dng ca tam
gic ABC.
Phng php :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
3 1
2
3 1
2
2 3
2
2 3
2
1 2
2
1 2
y y x x CA y y x x BC y y x x AB Tnh + = + = + =
Nu AB = BC = CA =>Tam gic ABC u .
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V Th Ht www.MATHVN.com 4
Nu AB = AC =>Tam gic ABC cn
Nu AB = AC v BC = AB2 => Tam gic ABC vung cn ti B
Nu BC
2
=AB
2
+AC
2
=>tam gic ABC vung ti A

Th d 1:
TRong mpOxy cho tam gic ABC vi A( 1;5) B(3;1) C(6;0).Xc nh hnh dng ca tam gic ABC .
Tnh din tch tam gic ABC.
GII :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
vdt BC . BA S
B tai vuong ABC BC AB CA BC AB ; CA
CA ) ( BC ) ( AB
10
2
1
50 10 40 50
50 0 5 6 1 10 1 0 3 6 40 5 1 1 3
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
= = =>
=> + = => = + = + =
= + = = + + = = + =


Th d 2:Cho tam gic ABC vi A(1;3) B(3;5) C(2;2).Xc nh hnh dng ca tam gic ABC ,Tnh din
tch ca tam gic ABC v chiu cao k t A.
ABC BC . AB CA ; BC AB => = => = = = 2 10 10 20 vung cn ti A
S=5vdt
Th d 3:Trong mpOxy cho A(4;0) ( ) 3 2 2; B
Chng minh tam giac OAB u . .Tm trc tm ca tam gic OAB
Gii :
( ) ( )
|
|

\
|
=>
=> = = = =>
= + = = =
3
4
4 0 3 2 4 2 4 4
2
2
3 2
2; H OAB giac tam tam trong la cung OAB giac tam cua H tam Trc
eu OAB AB OB OA
AB OB OA

Bi Tp :
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1. Cho tam gic ABC vi A(1;0) B(2;1) v C(0;3).Xc nh hnh dng ca tam gic ABC .Tm Tm I
ca ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.
S: Vung ti A , Tm I (1;1)
2.Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC vi A(0;2) B(m ; 0) v C(m+3; 1) .nh m tam gic ABC
vung ti A. S:m = 1 hay m =-2
3. Cho tam gic ABC bit A(1;3) B(3;2) v C(4;1) , Chng minh tam gic ABC vung t suy ra
khong cch t C n AB.
4.Ch 2 im A (2 ; 1) v B(2;1) Tm im M bit tung l 2 v tam gic ABM vung ti C .
S: M(1;2) v M(1;2)
5.Trong mpOxy cho 2 im A(2;4) v B(1 ; 1) . Tm im C sao cho tam gic ABC vung cn ti B .
S: C(4;0) v C(2;2)

Bi 4: Trong mp Oxy cho tam gic ABC vi A(x
1
;y
1
) B(x
2
;y
2
) v C(x
3
;y
3
) .Xc nh trng tm G , trc
tm H v tm I ca ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.
Phng php :
Trng tm G |

\
| + + + +
3 3
3 2 1 3 2 1
y y y
;
x x x

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V Th Ht www.MATHVN.com 5
Tm trc tm H
-Gi H(x;y)l trc tm ca tam gic ABC
( ) CA . BH ; ) y y ; x x ( BH Tnh . BC . AH Tnh y y ; x x AH Tnh
2 2 1 1
= =
Do H l trc tm

=
=
0
0
CA . BH
BC . AH
Gii h trn tm x ; y
Tm tm I ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC
Gi I(x;y) . Tnh AI
2
=(x-x
1
)
2
+(yy
1
)
2
BI
2
=(x-x
2
)
2
+(yy
2
)
2
CI
2
=(x-x
3
)
2
+(yy
3
)
2

I l tm ng trn ngoai tip tam gic ABC AI = BI =CI
Gii h trn tm x ; y
Th d : Trong mpOxy cho tam gic ABC vi A(5 ;4) B(2 ;7) v C(2 ;1) .
a.Tm trng tm G , trc tm H v tm I ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.
b.Chng minh I ; G ;H thng hang.
GII
( )
( )
( ) hang thang H ; G ; I IG ; ; IH ; IG , b
; I
y
x
y x
y x
) y ( ) x ( ) y ( ) x (
) y ( ) x ( ) y ( ) x (
CI AI
BI AI
ABC giac tam tiep ngoai tron ng tam la y) I(x; Goi
; H
y
x
49 5y 7x
52 8y 4x
ABC giac tam tam trc la H
y x ) y ( ) x ( CA , BH ) ; ( CA ; y ; x BH
y x ) y ( ) x ( BC , AH ) ; ( BC ; y ; x AH
ABC giac tam tam trc la ) y ; x ( H Goi
; G ;
3
2 - 2 5
G ABC giac tam tam trong la G a)Goi
2
=> = |

\
|
= = |

\
|
=
|

\
|
=>

=
=
<=>

=
= +
<=>

+ + + = +
+ = +
<=>

=
=
<=>
|

\
|
=>

=
=
<=>

= +
= +
<=>
+ = + = = =
+ = = = =
|

\
|
= |

\
| + +
=>
3
3
2
1 3 2 3
3
2
1
3
8
3
2
3
8
3
2
36 10 14
12 6 6
1 2 4 5
7 2 4 5
3
14
3
11
3
14
3
11
49 5 7 7 5 2 7 5 7 7 2
52 8 4 4 8 5 4 8 4 4 5
3
10
3
5
3
1 7 4
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
2
BI TP:
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1.Cho t gic ABCD vi A(3;4) B(4;1) C(2;3;D(1;6) .Chng minh t gic ABCD ni tip c trong
mt ng trn.
HD: Tm tm I ca bn knh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC (S: I(-1;1), Chng minh IA =ID.
2.Trong mpOxy cho tam gic ABC vi A(1;3) B(2;5) v C(4;0).Xc nh trc tm H ca tam gic ABC.
S:
|

\
|

31
15
31
164
;
3.Trong mpOxy cho tam gic ABC vi A(1;4) B(4;0) C(2;2) . Tm tm I ng trn ngoi tip tam
gic ABC. S:
|

\
|
2
1
2
1
; I
4.Trong mpOxy cho 2 im A(2;2) v B(5 ;4) .
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V Th Ht www.MATHVN.com 6
a)Tm im C sao cho trng tm ca tam gic ABC l im G(2;0) S:C(3;6)
b)Tm tm I ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC. S I
|

\
|
33
47
66
169
;
5.Trong mpOxy cho tam gic ABC vi A(0;1) B(3;2) v C(1;5) .Tm trc tm H ca tam gic ABC .
S:
|

\
|
11
25
11
21
; H
Bi 5: Trong mp Oxy cho tam gic ABC vi A(x
1
;y
1
) B(x
2
;y
2
) v C(x
3
;y
3
) .Xc nh tm J ca ng
trn ni tip tam gic ABC.
Phng Php:
Tnh AB ;AC; k =-AB/AC
Gi D l giao im ng phn gic trong ca gc A vi cnh BC
=> = => DC k DB ta ca D.
Tnh BA v BD =k= BA/BD
Gi J l giao im ca 2 ng phn gic trong ca gc A v gc B
=> JD ' k JA = =>ta ca J
Th d :Trong mpOxy cho tam gic ABC vi A(2;3) B
|

\
|
0
4
1
; v C(2;0)
Tm tm J ng trn ni tip tam gic ABC.
GII
( )
( )
|

\
|
=>

=
=
=>

=
=
=>
= =>
= => = =
=>

=
=
<=>

=
=
=>
= =>
= = => = =
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
0 5 3
1 5 2
5
5
4
3
4
15
0 1
0
1
0
4
3
2
4
3
4
1
4
3
4
3
5
4
15
; J
y
x
) y ( y
) x ( x
JD JA AD va B goc cua trong giac phan iem giao la J Goi
' k BD ; BA
) ; ( D
y
x
) y y
x x
DC DB BC va A goc cua trong giac phan iem giao la D Goi
AC
AB
k AC ; AB

Bi tp:
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1.Trong mpOxy cho tam gic ABC vi A(2;6) B(3;4) v C(5;0)
a.Chng minh tam gic ABC vung .
b.Tm tm J ca ng trn ni tip tam gic ABC. S : J(2;1)
2. Trong mpOxy cho tam gic ABC vi A(1;5) B(4;5) v C(4;-1).Tm tm J ca ng trn ni tip tam
gic ABC . S J(1;0)
J
D
A
B C

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V Th Ht www.MATHVN.com 7
3. Trong mpOxy cho tam gic ABC vi ) ; ( C ) ; ( B ; A 3 0 15 12 2
2
15
|

\
|
Tm tm J ca ng trn ni tip
tam gic ABC . S J(-1;2)
Bi 6: Trong mp Oxy cho tam gic ABC vi A(x
1
;y
1
) B(x
2
;y
2
) v C(x
3
;y
3
).Gi A l chn ng vung
gc k t A ln BC.Tm A
Phng php:
Gi A(x;y).
y va x o t t tm ) ( vao Thay , t theo y ; x Tm
) y y ( t y y
) x x ( t x x
) y y )( y y ( ) x x )( x x (
BC t BA'
0 BC . AA'
he Giai
) y y ; x x ( ' BA ) y y ; x x ( BC ; ) y y ; x x ( ' AA Tnh
=

=
=
= +
<=>

=
=

= = =
1
0
2 3 2
2 3 2
3 1 2 3 1
2 2 2 3 2 3 1 1

Th d :Trong mpOxy cho tam gic ABC vi A(1 ; 5) B(3;1) C(6;0).Tm chn ng cao B k t B ln
CA.
GII:
) ; ( ' B
y
x
t
y x
t y
t x
t y
t x
) y ( ) x (
AC t AB'
0 CA . BB'
AC len B t ke cao ng chan la ' B
) y ; x ( ' AB ) ; ( CA ) y ; x ( ' BB : ) y ; x ( ' B Goi
1 5
1
5
5
4
4
5 5
5 1
5 5
5 1
0 1 5 3 5
5 1 5 5 1 3
=>

=
=
=
<=>

= +
+ =
=
=>

=
=
= + +
<=>

=
=
<=>
= = + =

BI TP:
1.Trong mpOxy cho tam gic ABC vi A(3;1) B(1;5) v C(6;0) . Gi A l chn ng cao k t A ln
BC tm A . S:A(5;1)
2.Trong mpOxy cho 2 im A(2;1) B(2;4) . Gi H l hnh chiu ca O ln AB . Tm H . S:H
|

\
|
5
8
5
6
;
3.Trong mpOxy cho tam gic BAC vi A(3;4) B(4;2) v C(1;3) .Tm chn ng cao A ca ng cao
k t A ln BC. S:A
|

\
|

53
156
53
37
;
Bi 7
Trong mp Oxy cho tam gic ABC vi A(x
1
;y
1
) B(x
2
;y
2
) v C(x
3
;y
3
),Tnh cosA.
Phng php :
AC . AB
AC . AB
CosA
AC . AB Tnh ; AC va AB Tnh AC ; AB Tnh
=


Th d : Trong mpOxy cho tam gic ABC vi A(0;3) B(2;2) v C(6;1).Tnhs o ca gc A.
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V Th Ht www.MATHVN.com 8
0
135
2
1
5 10 2
10
10 2 12 10 2 40 2 6 5 1 2
= => =

= =
= + = = = => = = => =
A
. .
AC . AB
AC . AB
A cos
AC . AB AC ) ; ( AC AB ) ; ( AB
.


**************************************************************************************

BI TP TCH V HNG

1.Cho hai vect a v b . Chng minh rng :
a . b =
1
2
|

\
|
+
2
2
2
b a b a

=
1
2
|

\
|
+
2 2
2
b a b a

=
1
4
|

\
|
+
2 2
b a b a

2.Cho hai vect a , b c a = 5 , b = 12 v a + b = 13.Tnh tch v hng a .( a + b ) v suy
ra gc gia hai vect a v a + b
3.Cho tam gic u ABC cnh a. Gi H l trung im BC,tnh
a) AH . BC b) AB . AC c) AC . CB
4.Cho hnh vung ABCD tm O,cnh a.Tnh:
a) AB . AC b) OA . AC c) AC . CB
5. Tam gic ABC c AC = 9 ,BC = 5 ,C = 90
o
,tnh AB . AC
6. Tam gic ABC c AB = 5 ,AC = 4 ,A = 120
o

a)tnh AB . BC b) Gi M l trung im AC tnh AC . MA
7. Tam gic ABC c AB = 5 ,BC = 7 ,CA = 8
a)Tnh AB . AC ri suy ra gi tr gc A
b)Tnh CA . CB
c)Gi D l im trn cnh CA sao cho CD =
1
3
CA .Tnh CD . CB
8.Cho hai vect a v b tha mn | a | = 3 , | b | = 5 v ( a , b ) = 120
o

Vi gi tr no ca m th hai vect a + m b v a m b vung gc nhau
9. Tam gic ABC c AB = 4 ,AC = 8 v gc A = 60
o
.Trn tia AC ly im M v t AM = k AC .Tm k
BM vung gc vi trung tuyn AD ca tam gic ABC
10.Cho tam gic ABC cn nh A, cnh bn = a v hai trung tuyn BM, CN vung gc nhau . Tnh cosA
11. Tam gic ABC c AB = 6,AC = 8,BC = 11
a)Tnh AB . AC
b)Trn cnh AB ly im M sao cho AM = 2.Trn cnh AC ly im N sao cho AN = 4.Tnh AM . AN
12.Cho O l trung im AB,M l mt im tu . Chng minh rng :
MA . MB = OM
2
OA
2

13.Cho hnh vung ABCD tm O, M l im thuc cnh BC.Tnh MA . AB
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V Th Ht www.MATHVN.com 9
v MO . AB
14.Cho t gic ABCD , I l trung im BC, chng minh rng :
a) AB . AC = IA
2
IB
2
b) AB . AC =
1
2
(AB
2
+ AC
2
BC
2
)
c) AB . CD =
1
2
(AD
2
+ BC
2
AC
2
BD
2
)
15.Cho tam gic ABC c trng tm G. Chng minh rng :
MA
2
+ MB
2
+ MC
2
= 3MG
2
+ GA
2
+ GB
2
+ GC
2

16.Cho tam gic ABC c di 3 cnh l a,b,c. Gi G l trng tm,hy tnh:
a) AB . AC b) GA . GB c) GA . GB + GB . GC + GC . GA
d) Chng minh rng : BC . CA + CA . AB + AB . BC =
1
2
(a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
)
e)Tnh AG theo a ,b ,c
17.Cho tam gic ABC c 3 ng trung tuyn AD, BE, CF. Chng minh rng :
BC . AD + CA . BE + AB . CF = 0
18.Cho na ng trn tm O ng knh AB = 2R.Gi M, N l hai im trn (O) v I = AMBN. Chng
minh rng :
a) AI . AM = AI . AB
b) BI . BN = BI . BA
c) AI . AM + BI . BN = 4R
2

19.Cho 4 im A,B,C,D tu
a) Chng minh rng : AB . CD + AC . DB + AD . BC = 0
b)T chng minh rng trong mt tam gic,ba ng cao ng qui
20.Cho tam gic ABC cn ti A.Gi H l trung im ca BC,v D l hnh chiu ca H trn AC, M l trung
im ca HD. Chng minh rng AM BD
21.Cho hnh vung ABCD. Gi M v N ln lt l trung im BC v CD. Chng minh rng : AN DM
22.Cho hnh ch nht ABCD. Gi K l hnh chiu vung gc ca B trn AC, M v N ln lt l trung im
ca AK v DC . Chng minh rng : BM MN
23.Cho hnh thang ABCD vung ti A v B. AB = h, cnh y AD = a, BC = b Tm iu kin gia a ,b ,h
a) AC BD b) IA IB vi I l trung im CD
24.Cho tam gic ABC c AB = 3 ;AC = 6 v A = 45
o
. Gi L l chn ng phn gic trong ca gc A
a)Tnh AB . AC
b)Tnh AL theo AB v AC di ca AL
c)M l im trn cnh AC sao cho AM = x. Tm x AL BM
25.Cho tam gic ABC c AB = 2a ,AC = a v A = 120
o
a) Tnh BC v BA . BC
b)Gi N l im trn cnh BC sao cho BN = x. Tnh AN theo AB v AC ,x
c)Tm x AN BM
26.Cho t gic ABCD,chng minh rng:
AB
2
BC
2
+ CD
2
DA
2
= 2 AC . DB
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V Th Ht www.MATHVN.com 10
27.Cho tam gic ABC c H l trc tm v M l trung im ca BC
Chng minh rng : MH . MA =
1
4
BC
2

28.Cho t gic ABCD. Hai ng cho ct nhau ti O. Gi H ,K ln lt l trc tm ca cc tam gic ABO
v CDO; I v J l trung im ca AD v BC.
Chng minh rng HK IJ
28.Cho ng trn (O;R) v hai dy cung AA ,BB vung gc nhau ti S. Gi M l trung im ca AB.
chng minh rng: SM AB
29.Cho tam gic ABC. Tm qu tch nhng im M tho mn :
a) AM . AB = AC . AB
b) MA
2
+ MA . MB + MA . MC = 0
c) MA
2
= MC . MA
d) ( MA + MB ).( MA + MC ) = 0
e) ( MA MB ).(2 MB MC ) = 0
30.Cho im A c nh nm ngoi ng thng , H l hnh chiu ca A trn .Vi mi im M trn , ta
ly im N trn tia AM sao cho AN . AM = AH
2
. Tm qu tch cc im N
31.T gic ABCD c hai ng cho AC v BD vung gc vi nhau ti M,gi P l trung im on thng
AD.
Chng minh rng MP BC MA . MC = MB . MD
32*. Xc nh dng ca tam gic ABC bit rng:
( AB . BC ) CA + ( BC . CA ) AB +( CA . AB ) BC = 0
33.Cho hnh vung ABCD,im M nm trn on thng AC sao cho AM =
AC
4

N l trung im on thng DC,chng minh rng BMN l tam gic vung cn
34.Cho AA l mt dy cung ca ng trn (O) v M l mt im nm trn dy cung . Chng minh rng
2 MA . MO = MA(MA MA)
35.Cho tam gic ABC ni tip trong ng trn (O) v mt im M sao cho cc gc AMB ,BMC ,CMA
u bng 120
o
.Cc ng thng AM ,BM ,CM ct ng trn (O) ln lt ti A ,B ,C. Chng minh
rng:
MA + MB + MC = MA + MB + MC
36*.Cho tam gic u ABC c cnh bng 1. Gi D l im i xng vi C qua ng thng AB , M l trung
im cnh CB
a)Xc nh trn ng thng AC mt im N sao cho tam gic MDN vung ti D.Tnh din tch tam gic
.
b)Xc nh trn ng thng AC mt im P sao cho tam gic MPD vung ti M.Tnh din tch tam gic
.
c) Tnh cosin ca gc hp bi hai ng thng MP v PD
37.Cho hnh ch nht ABCD tm O, M l im tu ,chng minh rng :
a) MA + MC = MB + MD
b) MA . MC = MB . MD
c) MA
2
+ MC
2
= MB
2
+ MD
2

d) MA
2
+ MB . MD = 2 MA . MO
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V Th Ht www.MATHVN.com 11
E
D
G
F
I
H
A
B
C
38.Cho tam gic ABC v cc hnh vung ABED, ACHI ,BCGH
Chng minh rng :
a) ( AD + BF ). AC = 0
b) ( AD + BF + CH ). AC = 0
c) AD + BF + CH = 0
d) AE + BG + CI = 0
39.Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, AB = c, AC = b. Gi M l im trn cnh BC sao cho CM = 2BM, N l
im trn cnh AB sao cho BN = 2AN
a) Tnh vect AM v CN theo hai vect AB v AC
b)Tm h thc lin h gia b v c sao cho AM CN
40.a)Cho tam gic u ABC ni tip trong ng trn tm (O,R). M l mt im tu trn ng trn .
Chng minh rng: MA
2
+ MB
2
+ MC
2
= 6R
2
b) Tng qut bi ton trn cho mt a gic u n cnh
41*.Cho lc gic u A
1
A
2
A
6
ni tip trong ng trn (O,R) v mt im M thay i trn ng trn
. Chng minh rng :
a) cos
1
A O

M + cos
2
A O

M + + cos
6
A O

M = 0
b) MA
1
2
+ MA
2
2
+ + MA
6
2
l mt hng s ( = 12R
2
)
42*.Cho tam gic u ABC ni tip trong ng trn (O,R) ,M l mt im bt k trn ng trn
a)Chng minh rng : MA
2
+ MB
2
+ MC
2
= 6R
2

b)Chng minh rng : MA
2
+ 2 MB . MC = 3R
2

c)Suy ra nu M trn cung nh BC th MA = MB + MC
43.Cho tam gic ABC c A = 60
o
,AB = 6 ,AC = 8 , gi M l trung im BC
a)Tnh di on AM v di ng phn gic trong ca gc A
44*. Tam gic ABC c tnh cht g,bit rng:
( AB . BC ) CA + ( BC . CA ) AB + ( CA . AB ) BC = 0
45.Cho tam gic ABC c AB = AC = 5 , gc BAC = 120
o
ni tip trong ng trn tm I. Gi D l trung
im AB v E l trng tm ca tam gic ADC
a)Tnh AB . AC
b)AH l ng cao ca tam gic ABC.Tnh AH theo AB v AC
c)Chng minh rng IE CD
46.Cho t gic li ABCD. Gi M ,N ,P ,Q ln lt l trung im cc on thng AC, BD, BC v AD. t
u = AB , v = AC , w = AD
a)Chng minh rng : MN =
1
2
( u + w v ) ; PQ =
1
2
( u + v w )
b)Chng minh rng :nu MN = PQ th AB CD.iu ngc li c ng khng?
47.Cho tam gic ABC c di 3 cnh l a ,b ,c. Gi D l trung im AB v I l im tha IA + 3 IB
2 IC = 0
a)Chng minh rng BCDI l hnh bnh hnh
b)Tnh CI . AB theo a ,b ,c
c)M l mt im ty , chng minh rng :
MA
2
+ 3MB
2
2MC
2
= 2MI
2
+ IA
2
+ 3IB
2
2IC
2

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V Th Ht www.MATHVN.com 12
d)Khi M chy trn ng thng (d) c nh,hy tm v tr ca M biu thc
MA
2
+ 3MB
2
2MC
2
nh nht
48.Cho tam gic ABC v im M tu
a)Chng minh rng vect v = MA + 2 MB 3 MC khng ph thuc v tr im M
b) Gi O l tm ng trn ngoi tip ca tam gic ABC, chng minh rng :
2MA
2
+ MB
2
3MC
2
= 2 MO . v
c)Tm qu tch im M sao cho 2MA
2
+ MB
2
= 3MC
2

49.Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC vi A( 1;1) ,B(1;3) ,C(1; 1)
Chng minh rng: tam gic ABC vung cn ti A
50 .Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC vi A(2;4) ,B( 3;1) ,C(3; 1)
a)Tm ta im D sao cho ABCD l hnh bnh hnh
b)K ng cao AH .Tm ta chn ng cao H
51.Trong mt phng Oxy cho 4 im A,B,C,D vi A( 1;1) ,B(0;2) ,C(3;1) v D(0; 2). Chng minh rng:
t gic ABCD l hnh thang cn
52.Trong mt phng Oxy cho 3 im A,B,C vi A( 1; 1) ,B(3;1) ,C(6;0)
a)Chng minh rng: 3 im A ,B ,C to thnh mt tam gic
b)Tnh gc B ca tam gic ABC
53.Trong mt phng Oxy cho hai im A,B vi A(5;4) ,B(3; 2).Mt im M thay i trn trc honh.Tm
gi tr nh nht ca MA + MB
54.Trong mt phng Oxy cho 4 im A(3;4) ,B(4;1) ,C(2; 3) ,D( 1;6). Chng minh rng: t gic ABCD
ni tip c trong mt ng trn
55.Trong mt phng Oxy cho 4 im A( 8;0) ,B(0;4) ,C(2;0) ,D( 3; 5). Chng minh rng: t gic ABCD
ni tip c trong mt ng trn