THE OXFORD ENGLISH ACADEMY - VIETNAM C8, 343 Doi Can St., Ba Dinh Dist.

, Hanoi, Vietnam Tel: (+844)3232-1318/ Fax: (+844)3232-1317 Email: info@oea-vietnam.com http://www.oea-vietnam.com

THE OXFORD ENGLISH ACADEMY

BI 17: CU TING ANH- PHN 1 (ENGLISH SENTENCES) Trong bi ny, chng ta s hc v cu v phn loi cc loi cu. Cu l n v ng php quan trng trong ting Anh, v n c kh nng truyn ti mt ngha trn vn. Mi cu ting Anh thng thng gm c ch ng v mt ng t chia theo ngi v chia theo thi (definte verb). Tuy nhin, Ting Anh cng c cu bt quy tc, hay cn gi l cu rt gn. V d: Mary! Run! bi ny, chng ta ch yu cp n cu thng thng, tc l cu c t nht mt ch ng v mt ng t chia theo ngi v chia theo thi. Trc ht, hy cng xem xt vic phn loi cu trong ting Anh. CC NHM CU TRONG TING ANH ( TYPES OF SENTENCES IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE) Trong ting Anh, cu c phn loi da trn cu trc ( structure) hoc da trn chc nng/mc ch (function/purpose). Xt trn phng din cu trc, cu ting Anh c chia lm 4 nhm: Cu n ( simple sentences) Cu ghp ( compound sentences) Cu phc hp ( complex sentences) Cu ghp phc hp (Compound-complext sentences) Cu n l cu ch gm mt mnh c lp v khng c mnh ph no. V d: she is my teacher. Cu ghp l cu gm hai hay nhiu mnh c lp c ni vi nhau bi cc t ni ng ng nh: or, and, for V d: She is nice and she is also a good cook. Cu phc hp l cu gm t nht mt mnh chnh v mt mnh ph. V d Although he tried really hard, he failed to finish his work on time. Cu ghp phc hp l cu gm t nht 2 mnh c lp hay cn gi mnh chnh, v t nht mnh ph. V d: I'm listening to the kind of music she dosen't like And she'll never know your story like I do'. Trong cu v d, 2 mnh chnh l: I'm listening to the kind of music she dosen't like she'll never know your story like I do. Trong mnh chnh th nht c mt mnh ph l: she dosen't like Trong chnh th 2 c mt mnh ph l I do Bi tp thc hnh: Hy xem mt on trong bi ht you belong with me v phn loi cc cu trong bi theo cc nhm trn.

You're on the phone with your girlfriend. She's upset. She's going off about something that you said because she doesnt get your humor like I do. I'm in the room. It's a typical Tuesday night. I'm listening to the kind of music she dosen't like and she'll never know your story like I do'. But she wears short skirts. I wear T-shirts. She's cheer captain and I'm in the bleachers. ( I am) dreaming about the day when you wake up and find what you're looking for has been here the whole time. Cha bi: Cu n You're on the phone with your girlfriend. She's upset. I'm in the room. It's a typical Tuesday night. But she wears short skirts. I wear T-shirts. She's cheer captain and I'm in the bleachers. She's going off about something that you said because she doesnt get your humor like I do. ( I am) dreaming about the day when you wake up and find what you're looking for has been here the whole time. I'm listening to the kind of music she dosen't like and she'll never know your story like I do'.

Cu ghp Cu phc hp

Cu ghp phc hp

Mt cch phn loi cu na l da trn mc ch hay chc nng ca cu. Theo cch phn loi ny, cu trong ting Anh c chia lm 4 nhm chnh l: Cu trn thut ( declarative sentences) Cu hi ( interogative sentences) Cu cm thn ( exclaimatory sentences) V Cu mnh lnh ( imperative sentences) Cu trn thut l cu cung cp thng tin cho ngi c hoc ngi nghe. Ch ci u tin ca cu trn thut c vit hoa v cu ny kt thc bng du chm cu V d: Lan isnt here. Cu ny cung cp thng tin cho ngi c/ ngi nghe rng Lan khng c mt y. Cu hi l cu yu cu cung cp thng tin. Cu hi thng c tr ng t ng trc ch ng, sau l ng t chnh. Cu hi kt thc bng du chm hi. V d: How are you? Have you been to Hanoi? Cu cm thn cung cp thng tin vi s nhn mnh vo mt sc thi tnh cm nht nh. Thng tin c cung cp c th dng trn thut hoc mnh lnh. Cu cm thn kt thc bng du chm than. V d: What a voice!

Thats great! Cu mnh lnh yu cu ngi i thoi thc hin mt hnh ng. Cu mnh lnh khng c ch ng v bn thn cu c ch ng n l you. Cu mnh lnh c th kt thc bng du chm cu hoc du chm than. V d: Open the door. Run! Bi tp thc hnh: Hy xem li bi ht sau v phn loi cc cu trong bi theo mc ch/chc nng ca cu. Cc em ch n bn nhm cu va hc l: Cu trn thut, Cu hi, Cu cm thn, V cu mnh lnh. Traveller, traveller, where have you been? Tell me, tell me. What have you seen? Tell me all the things youve done, The people youve met, and if youve had fun. Ive been to Iceland, Ive been to France. Ive seen the Grand Canyon, Ive learned how to dance. Ive been to China, Ive seen the Great Wall. Ive sailed on the Nile. Yes Ive done it all ! How did you travel when you were there? Did you drive by car or travel by air? I travelled on buses, I travelled by plane, When I was in Thailand I travelled by train. Cha bi: Cu trn thut Ive been to Iceland, Ive been to France. Ive seen the Grand Canyon, Ive learned how to dance. Ive been to China, Ive seen the Great Wall. Ive sailed on the Nile. Traveller, traveller, where have you been? Tell me, tell me. what have you seen? How did you travel when you were there? Did you drive by car or travel by air? Yes Ive done it all ! Tell me, tell me. Tell me all the things youve done, the people youve met, and if youve had fun.

Cu hi

Cu cm thn Cu cu mnh lnh

Trong ting Anh, chng ta cn ch n ba hin tng cu quan trng l: - Cu tng thut hay cn gi l cu gin tip - Cu o ng nhn mnh - Cu iu kin. Trong phm vi ca bi ny, chng ta s cng n tp v cu o ng. Hai hin tng cu cn li, s c n tp trong bi tip theo. CU O NG Cu o ng l cu m trong dng thc nghi vn ca ng t: Tr ng t + ch ng+ ng t chnh Auxiliary Verb + Subject+ Verb Nm trong cu khng nh. Mc ch ca hin tng o ng l nhn mnh tnh c bit ca mt s kin, hnh ng hoc tnh cht no . Phn c nhn mnh chnh l phn c o ln ng u cu. V d:

Seldom has she been so angry! (him khi c y tc gin n th!) By gi, chng ta cng tm hiu mt s mu cu o ng thng dng. Th nht l cu o ng c cha trng t ph nh. Cu o ng c cha trng t ph nh thng bt u bng cc trng ng ph nh ny. c nhn mnh trong cu chnh l c miu t bi trng t v ng t trong cu. V d: Never have I eaten this much! Nhng cu bt u bng cc trng t tn sut nh never, rarely, seldom thng c ng t chia thi dng hon thnh hoc c cha php so snh hn. Nhng cu c cha trng t mc nh hardly, barely, no sooner v scarcely thng c dng din t mc st sao ca cc s kin din ra ni tip trong qu kh. V d: No sooner had Lan left the office, the boss called her. (Lan va ri vn phng th sp gi in cho c.) Th hai l cu o ng bt u bng only nh only after, only when, only then. Cc cu dng ny thng nhn mnh vo thi gian V d: Only after she explained, could I understand the situation. (Ch sau khi c y gii thch, ti mi hiu c tnh hnh) Th 3 l khi cu o ng s dng trng t so, th n c mu cu nh sau: So+ tnh t+to be +danh t V d: So angry was she that she burste into tears. Th 4 l dng cu iu kin c cha o ng. Trong trng hp ny, mnh c cha o ng c s dng thay cho mnh iu kin if Vic s dng o ng thay cho mnh iu kin gip cho ging vn trang trng hn. Cu o ng thng thay th cho cu iu kin khng c tht. V d: Had he understood the consequences, he wouldnt have done such things. = If he had understood the consequences, he wouldnt have done such things. Bi tp thc hnh: Khi lm cc cu ny, hy ch kt hp cc kin thc v kt hp thi ca ng t, v cu o ng. Chng ta cng cn xem xt ng cnh v ng ngha ca cu. Bi 1: Chn phng n ng (A, B, C, hoc D) hon thnh mi cu sau. 1. ______ he arrived at the bus stop when the bus came. A. No longer has B. No sooner had C. Not until had 2. Only when you grow up ______ the truth. A. you will know B. you know C. do you know D. will you know 3. Never before ______ as accelerated as they are now during the technological age. A. have been historical changes B. historical changes have been C. historical have changes been D. have historical changes been 4. ______ but he also proved himself a good athlete. A. Not only he showed himself a good student B. He did not show himself only a good student C. Not only did he show himself a good student D. A good student not only showed him Cha bi: Cu 1, xt ng cnh, y l cu o ng miu t chui hnh ng trong qu kh, vi hnh ng trong mnh chnh din ra trc v mnh trong mnh trng ng din ra sau.

p n A. No longer has l sai v khng ph hp v ngha v kt hp thi ca ng t. ng t ca mnh ny phi chia qu kh hon thnh ch khng phi hin ti hon thnh. Cu C. Not until c ngha ngc ( cha n.. th ) vi ca cu nn cng b loi. p n ng l D. No sooner had Cu 2 l cu o ng bt u bng only when, c dng nhn mnh vo thi gian ca s vic. Do la chn A. v B. u b loi v khng phi l o ng. Xt ng cnh, y l cu ni v tng lai ( ch khi no con ln, con mi bit s tht), nn mnh chnh phi c chia thi tng lai n gin, mnh trng ng chia thi hin ti n. Do , p n ng l D. will you know Cu 3 l cu o ng s dng trng ng ph nh Never before. Do , la chn B l sai v khng p dng cu trc o ng. La chn C cng b loi v c trt t t hon ton sai ng php v khng ng vi bt c cu trc cu no. La chn A cng b loi v p dng cu trc o ng sai, khng ng vi mu tr ng t + Ch ng+ ng t chnh. p n ng l D. have historical changes been Bi 2: 1. Chn phng n ng (A hoc B, C, D) ng vi cu c ngha gn nht vi mi cu cho sn sau y. No sooner had she put the telephone down than her boss rang back. A. Scarcely had she put the telephone down when her boss rang back. B. She had hardly put the telephone down without her boss rang back. C. Hardly she had hung up, she rang her boss immediately. D. As soon as her boss rang back, she put down the telephone. Cha bi: Cu ny yu cu th sinh tm cu c ngha gn nht vi cu cho sn. lm c cu ny, ta cn phn tch r (a) dng cu, (b)ngha ca cu, m trong ng cnh ny l th t hnh ng v ch th hnh ng trong cu. Xt dng ca cu gc ta thy, y l dng cu o ng dng din t mc st sao ca cc s kin din ra ni tip trong qu kh. Loi cu ny s dng cc trng t ng ngha nh hardly, Scarcely, no sooner.. Xt ngha ta thy hnh ng c y t in thoi xung xy ra trc hnh ng sp c y gi li. Ch ng ca hnh ng xy ra trc l she v hnh ng xy ra sau l her boss. La chn B b loi v ngha ca n sai 1 na vi cu gc. Theo cu B th sp ca c y khng gi li. La chon C. l sai v ch th ca 2 hnh ng ging nhau, nn khc vi cu gc. La chn D cng sai v din t trnh t hnh ng ngc vi cu gc. Theo la chn ny th sp c y gi li l hnh ng xy ra trc, cn hnh ng c y gc my xy ra sau. Ch c cu A l ng vi cu gc k c v dng cu v ng ngha. p n ng l A. Scarcely had she put the telephone down when her boss rang back. Bi 3: Hy c mt on vn v mi lin h gia t vi Trung Hoa v tnh cch ca con ngi. Cc em hy xc nh cc cu trong bi theo hai dng phn loi cu. Hy xc nh u l cu n, cu ghp, cu phc hp v cu ghp phc hp. u l cu trn thut, cu hi, cu cm thn, v c cu mnh lnh trong bi khng. The Chinese horoscope and your personality What kind of person are you? Are you friendly or shy? Maybe youre romantic. You might be artistic. Where does your personality come from? Many people believe that your time of birth influences your personality. The Chinese horoscope is one tradition that connects your personality with the year of your birth. According to the Chinese horoscope, each year is represented by a different animal. There are twelve animals in the horoscope, and they repeat every twelve years. For example, the year 2000 was the year of the dragon, and the year 2012 will be the year of dragon again. In order after the dragon, the next animals on the calendar are the snake, the horse, the sheep, the monkey, the rooster, the pig, the rat, the ox, the tiger, and the rabbit.

These horoscope animals influence the personality of someone born that year. Were you born in 1983? That was the year of the pig. You are honest and affectionate. Were you born in 1982, the year of the dog? Then you are hardworking, but also a little pessimistic. If you were born in 1984, the year of the rat, you are charming and generous. If you were born in 1985, the year of the ox, you are calm, sincere, and stubborn. 1986 was the year of the tiger. Cha bi: 1/ Cc cu mu xanh l cu n, cc cu mu tm l cu ghp, cc cu mu l cu phc hp v cc cu mu xanh l cy l cu ghp phc hp. The Chinese horoscope and your personality What kind of person are you? Are you friendly or shy? Maybe youre romantic. You might be artistic. Where does your personality come from? Many people believe that your time of birth influences your personality. The Chinese horoscope is one tradition that connects your personality with the year of your birth. According to the Chinese horoscope, each year is represented by a different animal. There are twelve animals in the horoscope, and they repeat every twelve years. For example, the year 2000 was the year of the dragon, and the year 2012 will be the year of dragon again. In order after the dragon, the next animals on the calendar are the snake, the horse, the sheep, the monkey, the rooster, the pig, the rat, the ox, the tiger, and the rabbit. These horoscope animals influence the personality of someone born that year. Were you born in 1983? That was the year of the pig. You are honest and affectionate. Were you born in 1982, the year of the dog? Then you are hardworking, but also a little pessimistic. If you were born in 1984, the year of the rat, you are charming and generous. If you were born in 1985, the year of the ox, you are calm, sincere, and stubborn. 1986 was the year of the tiger. 2/ Trong on vn ny, ch c 2 dng cu l cu trn thut v cu hi. Cc cu hi c mu xanh v cu trn thut c mu . The Chinese horoscope and your personality What kind of person are you? Are you friendly or shy? Maybe youre romantic. You might be artistic. Where does your personality come from? Many people believe that your time of birth influences your personality. The Chinese horoscope is one tradition that connects your personality with the year of your birth. According to the Chinese horoscope, each year is represented by a different animal. There are twelve animals in the horoscope, and they repeat every twelve years. For example, the year 2000 was the year of the dragon, and the year 2012 will be the year of dragon again. In order after the dragon, the next animals on the calendar are the snake, the horse, the sheep, the monkey, the rooster, the pig, the rat, the ox, the tiger, and the rabbit. These horoscope animals influence the personality of someone born that year. Were you born in 1983? That was the year of the pig. You are honest and affectionate. Were you born in 1982, the year of the dog? Then you are hardworking, but also a little pessimistic. If you were born in 1984, the year of the rat, you are charming and generous. If you were born in 1985, the year of the ox, you are calm, sincere, and stubborn. 1986 was the year of the tiger.