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AX
Trong :
PP: Tm s khi A v x ca mi ng v
- Thay vo cng thc => A
Bi 1: Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca cc nguyn t sau, bit trong t nhin chng c cc ng v
l:
a) 17 Cl 75,8% v 17 Cl ( 24,2%)
35
37
b) 6 C 98,9% v 6 C
12
32
13
33
34
c) 16 S ( 95%) v 16 S ( 0,8%) cn li l 16 S
-1-
37
Cl; 17
Cl . T l s nguyn t ca hai ng v ny l 3 : 1. Tnh nguyn t
35
17
79
35
-2-
37
63
65
b. 29
Cu v 29
Cu , ACu 63,54
t n s
Tm s khi Ai v xi ca cc ng v.
Lp pt da vo A
Gii pt v lm theo yu cu bi ton.
Bi 2: Clo c 2 ng v bn. ng v th nht c s khi l 37, c 17p, chim 25%. Nguyn t khi
trung bnh clo l 35,54. Vit k hiu nguyn t ca hai ng v clo.
Bi 3: ng c hai ng v bn. ng v th nht c 29p, 36n, chim 30,8%. Nguyn t khi trung
bnh Cu l 63,54. Vit k hiu nguyn t hai ng v ca ng.
Bi 4: Brom c hai ng v, trong ng v 79Br chim 54,5%. Xc nh s khi ng v cn li, bit
ABr 79,91. ( S: 81 )
Dng 4: Xc nh s phn t
"Where there is a will, there is a way"
-3-
63
29 Cu,
16
8 O,
17
8 O,
18
8O
Bi 2: C bao nhiu loi phn t cacbon oxit khc nhau bit rng C v O c cc ng v sau:
12 13 16 17 18
6 C, 6 C, 8 O, 8 O, 8 O
Bi 3: C bao nhiu loi phn t cacbon ioxit khc nhau bit rng C v O c cc ng v sau:
12 13 16 17 18
6 C, 6 C, 8 O, 8 O, 8 O
Bi 1: Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca nguyn t Kali, bit rng trong t nhin thnh phn
phn trm cc ng v ca Kali l : 93,258%
39
19
K ; 0,012%
40
19
K v 6,730%
41
19
K.
Bi 2: Vit cng thc ca cc loi phn t ng (II) oxit, bit rng ng v Oxi c cc ng v sau :
65
29
Cu ;
63
29
Cu ;
16
8
O ;
17
8
18
8
O ;
13
6
C,
b) 1 H,
35
17
4
2
Cl,
23
11
He,
12
6
Na,
C,
39
19
16
8
K,
234
90
O,
31
15
Th,
P,
Si,
29
14
Fe,
56
26
28
24
54
26
Si,
Fe,
30
14
Si
57
26
Fe,
58
26
Fe
Bi 7: Cacbon t nhin l hn hp ca hai ng v 12C v 13C, trong ng v 12C chim 98,9%. Bit rng
ng v 13C c nguyn t khi bng 13,0034. Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Cacbon.
Bi 8: Clo t nhin l hn hp ca hai ng v :
35
Cl c nguyn t khi l 34,97
37
Cl c nguyn t khi l 36,97
Bit rng ng v 35Cl chim 75,77%, hy tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Clo t nhin.
Bi 9: Nguyn t X c 3 ng v l X1 chim 92,23%, X2 chim 4,67% v X3 chim 3,10%. Tng s khi
ca ba ng v bng 87. S ntron trong X2 nhiu hn trong X1 mt ht. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca X l
AX 28, 0855 .
a)
Hy tm X1, X2 v X3.
b)
Nu trong X1 c s ntron bng s proton. Hy tm s ntron trong nguyn t ca mi ng v.
Bi 10. Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron c trong mt loi nguyn t ca ,nguyn t Y l 54, trong
tng s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 1,7 ln. Hy xc nh s hiu nguyn t, s khi
v vit k hiu nguyn t X.
Bi 11. Bit rng tng s cc loi ht (p, n, e) trong nguyn t R l 40, trong ht khng mang in km
hn s ht mang in l 12. Xc nh tn ca nguyn t R v vit k hiu nguyn t R ( Bit ZNa=11,
ZMg=12, ZAl=13, ZCa=20, ZK=19).
Bi 12. Tng s proton, ntron, electron trong nguyn t ca nguyn t X l 10. Hy xc nh s khi
nguyn t ca nguyn t X.
"Where there is a will, there is a way"
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37
17
Cl chim 24,23% s nguyn t. Tnh thnh phn phn trm v khi lng
35
17
39
O ; K l ng v 19
K ) ? Cho nguyn t khi trung bnh ca clo bng 35,5.
Bi 19. Mt nguyn t R c 3 ng v X, Y, Z , bit tng s ht ca 3 ng v bng 129, s ntron ng v X
hn ng v Y mt ht. ng v Z c s proton bng s ntron.
Xc nh in tch ht nhn nguyn t v s khi ca 3 ng v X, Y, Z ?
Bi 20. Cho hp cht XY2 to bi hai nguyn t X, Y. Y c hai ng v : 79Y chim 55% s nguyn t Y v
ng v 81Y . Trong XY2, phn trm khi lng ca X l bng 28,51%.
Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca X, Y.
16
8
-5-
B. 24;25;27
C. 23;24;25
D. 25;26;24
A
Z
X (92,3%),
B
Z
X (4,7%),
C
Z
v l 87. Tng khi lng ca 200 ng v nguyn t X l 5621,4. Mt khc s ntron trong
nhiu hn
A
Z
B
Z
X 1 n v.
* Tm cc s khi A, B, C
* Bit
A
Z
13. Nguyn t X c 3 ng v l X1 chim 92,3%, X2 chim 4,7% v X3 chim 3%. Tng s khi
ca 3 ng v bng 87. S ntron trong X2 nhiu hn trong X1 l 1 ht. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca
X l 28,107.
a) Hy tm s khi ca mi ng v.
b) Nu trong X1 c s proton bng s ntron, hy xc nh s ntron trong mi ng v.
14. Nguyn t X c 3 ng v l X1 chim 92,3%, X2 chim 4,7% v X3 chim 3%. Tng s khi ca
3 ng v bng 87. S ntron trong X2 nhiu hn trong X1 l 1 ht. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca
X l 28,107.
a) Hy tm s khi ca mi ng v.
b) Nu trong X1 c s proton bng s ntron, hy xc nh s ntron trong mi ng v.
15. Cho hp cht XY2 to bi hai nguyn t X, Y. Y c hai ng v : 79Y chim 55% s nguyn t Y
v ng v 81Y . Trong XY2, phn trm khi lng ca X l bng 28,51%.
Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca X, Y.
"Where there is a will, there is a way"
-6-
79
35Br
63
29Cu
65
29Cu
vi t l s nguyn t tng ng l
37
Cl; 17
Cl . T l s nguyn t ca hai ng v ny l 3 : 1. Tnh
35
17
M Br 79,91 .
Bi tp 7: Trong t nhin Clo c 2 ng v l 35Cl v 37Cl c nguyn t khi trung bnh l 35,5. Tnh
s nguyn t ca ng v 37Cl, trong 3,65g HCl.
Bi tp 8: Trong t nhin Brom c 2 ng v l
79
Br v
81
Thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca 81Br trong NaBr l bao nhiu ?
Bi tp 9: Tng s khi hai ng v ca X l 131, hiu hai s khi l 3. Thnh phn phn trm ca
ng v th nht l 66,67% . Tm khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca X. Bit A1 < A2.
Bi tp 10: Khi lng ca mt ng v Fe l 8,96.10-23 gam. Bit Fe c
-7-
Bi tp 13: Cc ng v ca cacbon
12
6
C,
14
6
C v oxi 168O ;
17
8
kh cacbonic. Tnh khi lng phn t ca chng (ly khi lng phn t bng s khi).
-8-