I HC QUC GIA TP.HCM VIN MI TRNG V TI NGUYN TP.

HCM

HNG DN TRIN KHAI SN XUT SCH HN CHO NGNH CH BIN THY SN

GVHD: PGS.TS. L Thanh Hi

1.

2.

3.

Tng quan Cc c hi SXSH c trng trong ngnh ch bin thy sn Hng dn trin khai SXSH

1. TNG QUAN
1.1. Tim nng v thc trng pht trin thy sn Vit Nam 1.2. Cc giai on pht trin ca ngnh thy sn 1.3. c trng nhim ca ngnh ch bin thy sn

1.1. Tim nng v thc trng pht trin thy sn Vit Nam
Vit Nam nm v tr trung tm khu vc ng Nam c din tch t lin l 330.991 km2, c b bin di, cn phn lnh hi v vng c quyn kinh t khong 1 triu km2. Vit Nam l nc c tnh bin ln nht trong cc nc ven bin ng Nam Nc ta c tim nng ln v mt nc vi khong 1.700.000 ha trong c 811.700 ha mt nc ngt, 635.400 ha mt nc l ca sng ven bin v 125.700 ha eo vnh c kh nng pht trin, cha k mt nc cc sng v khong 300.000 - 400.000 ha

1.1. Tim nng v thc trng pht trin thy sn Vit Nam
Theo nhng nh gi mi nht, tr lng c bin trong ton vng bin khong 4,2 triu tn, trong sn lng cho php khai thc l 1,7 triu tn/nm, bao gm 850 nghn c y, 700 nghn tn c ni nh, 120 ngn tn c ni i dng. Hng nm cho kh nng khai thc ti a 1.670 triu tn. Tm bin c tr lng 58 ngn tn, khai thc ti a 29 ngn tn

1.1. Tim nng v thc trng pht trin thy sn Vit Nam
a. V khai thc v bo v ngun li thy sn: T trng sn phm xut khu trong sn lng khai thc tng t di 20% nm 1998 ln khong 27% vo nm 2003. b. Pht trin nui trng thy sn: i tng nui c m rng, trong ch nui cc i tng c gi tr xut khu: tm s, tm hm, tm cng xanh, c tra, ba sa, c song... Tuy nhin, i tng chnh xut khu vn tp trung vo tm s, c tra, ba sa c. Ch bin v xut khu thy sn: n nay c 153 n v xut khu i EU, gn 300 n v p dng HACCP iu kin xut khu M v cc th trng ln khc

1.2. Cc giai on pht trin ca ngnh thy sn

a. Giai on 1975 1980
Sn lng khai thc tt dn t 607.000 tn (nm 1975) xung 398.000 tn (nm 1980) Phng tin khai thc thy sn bng c gii gim t 34789 chic (nm 1976) cn 28522 chic (nm 1980) Theo s liu ca Vin Nghin cu Hi sn nm 1992, nguyn liu qua ch bin so vi tng nguyn liu nm 1976 ch t 22%, trong s tng lng hao ph l 21%; nguyn liu khng qua ch bin l 72%, hao ph l 20%

1.2. Cc giai on pht trin ca ngnh thy sn

b. Giai on 1981 1994 Cui nm 1979, Nh nc cho php B Thy sn qun l thng nht v khp kn ton b qu trnh t nh bt n ch bin v tiu th sn phm cui cng Trong 15 nm lin tc, ngnh thy sn lun hon thnh vt mc ton din cc ch tiu k hoch Nh nc giao vi tc tng trng bnh qun 5 - 7%/nm v sn lng khai thc; 12 - 13% v gi tr kim ngch xut khu.

1.2. Cc giai on pht trin ca ngnh thy sn

Nm 1990 gi tr sn lng t 1.020.000 tn v 205 triu USD hng ha xut khu. Nm 1994 t sn lng 1.211.000 tn v 458 triu USD kim ngch xut khu. T l sn phm ch bin ng lnh so vi tng nguyn liu tng nhanh v t 51%/nm vo nm 1994 so vi 11,4%/nm vo nm 1980 V ch bin thy sn ni a, thi k ny c nc c 104 c s ch bin nc mm quc doanh v hng chc c s ch bin t nhn vi tng cng sut khong 180 triu lt/nm, ngoi ra cn c trn 10 c s sn xut bt c, ch bin mi nm khong 10.000 tn c bt cc loi

1.2. Cc giai on pht trin ca ngnh thy sn

c. Giai on 1994 n nm 2000 Ngh quyt 03/NQ/TW ngy 6/5/1993 ca B Chnh tr, Ngh quyt s 05-NQ/HNTW ngy 10/6/1993, v nhiu chng trnh khc gip xut khu tng mnh, t 550 triu USD (nm 1995) ln 1,478 t USD (nm 2000). Tuy nhin, vi giai on 1996-2000

1.2. Cc giai on pht trin ca ngnh thy sn

d. Giai on t nm 2001 n nay C nc c tng s hn 470 c s - doanh nghip ch bin thy sn. Trong , 248 c s - doanh nghip (chim gn 53%) t tiu chun ca th trng EU ,trn 300 c s - doanh nghip c Hn Quc cng nhn tiu chun cht lng Nm 2006, sn lng thu sn Vit Nam t 3,75 triu tn, gi tr kim ngch xut khu t 3,75 t USD Chin lc bin n nm 2020 t ra mc tiu Vit Nam tr thnh quc gia mnh v bin

1.2. Cc giai on pht trin ca ngnh thy sn

1.3. c trng nhim ca ngnh ch bin thy sn

Theo bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng trong lnh vc thu sn nm 2002 th tc ng gy hi cho mi trng c xc nh, tng lng cht thi rn (u, xng, da, vy, vy...) c tnh khong 200.000 tn /nm c im ca cht loi cht thi ny l d ln men thi ra S liu iu tra nm 2002 cho thy, c sn xut 1 tn tm nn ng lnh xut xng s thi ra mi trng 0,75 tn ph thi (u, v, ni tng), c filet ng lnh 0,6 tn, nhuyn th chn u 0,45 tn, nhuyn th 2 mnh v ng lnh >4 tn

1.3. c trng nhim ca ngnh ch bin thy sn

Lng cht thi cng ph thuc vo ma v khai thc hi sn, cht lng nguyn liu Nc thi t cc nh my ch bin thu sn c cc ch s nhim cao hn rt nhiu so vi tiu chun nc thi cng nghip loi B dng cho nui trng thu hi sn (TCVN 5945-1995) nh BOD5 vt t 10 30 ln, COD t 9-19 ln. Nit tng s t sp s bng tiu chun n cao hn 9 ln). Trong cc nh my ch bin thu sn ng lnh cn c mt lng nh Clorine dng lm v sinh nh xng khi s dng s sinh ra Cl2 pht tn vo khng kh

1.3. c trng nhim ca ngnh ch bin thy sn

i vi cc nh my ch bin nc mm th lng kh pht tn vo kh quyn ch yu l SO2, NO2,H2S c th ca nc thi trong cc x nghip ch bin thu sn c thnh phn gy nhim cao, phi c x l trit trc khi thi ra mi trng. Nhng do phn ln cc x nghip c xy dng trc khi lut mi trng ra i, iu kin ti chnh hn hp, cng ngh v thit b x l t tin, mt khc do cng tc t vn, qun l mi trng cha lm tt, cha nghim...

2. CC C HI SXSH C TRNG TRONG NGNH CH BIN THY SN

Cc c hi qun l ni vi Cc c hi kim sot tt qu trnh Cc c hi thay i nguyn vt liu Cc c hi ci tin thit b, my mc Cc c hi ci tin sn phm Cc c hi thu hi v ti ch, ti s dng Cc c hi thay i cng ngh

Cc c hi qun l ni vi
- Kha cht cc van nc khi khng s dng, kim tra ng ng trnh r r, tin hnh khc phc ngay s c r r. - Lp t cc van iu chnh t ng ngt khi khng s dng nc. - Lp t li chn ti cc h ga ngn cht thi rn i vo h thng x l nc thi hoc c th gy nght ng ng thot nc. - Qui nh thao tc thu gom cht thi rn trc khi v sinh thit b, nn xng nhm gim tiu hao nc. - o to, nng cao nhn thc tit kim nguyn vt liu (nc, in, ) cho cng nhn.

Cc c hi kim sot tt qu trnh

- Ti u ha qu trnh sn xut nc - Ti u ha qu trnh t ca l hi: thng qua vic o c dng kh thi t ng khi ni hi xc nh mc tn tht nhit ti ni hi. - Thng xuyn kim tra bo tr, bo dng v thay mi cc van b h hng, r r. - Cch nhit thit b luc, hp nhm gim tht thot nhit. - Bo n tt cc ng ng nhit nng, lnh, thit k chiu di, cc h thng phn phi hi hp l. - Ti u ha iu kin lm vic (nhit , thi gian, h thng kim sot,) ca thit b nu, thanh trng i vi cc sn phm hp. - Ti u ha kch thc kho, ch bo qun nguyn liu

Cc c hi thay i nguyn vt liu

- Thay i to bng vy, tuyt (nh vy hiu qu p lnh s cao hn, do tn t hn) - Kch c nguyn liu ph hp vi sn phm ang sn xut

- S dng nng cht kh trng Clo va

- Thay i ha cht ty ra thit b hiu qu, gim tiu th nc - Thay tc nhn lnh CFC bng cc tc nhn lnh khng cha Cl v F.

Cc c hi ci tin thit b, my mc
- Thay cc van nc c kch c ph hp - S dng cc thng cha nguyn liu cch nhit gim lng s dng - S dng vi phun nc c p lc cao v van kha t ng - Bc cch nhit tt v thay th vt liu cch nhit amiang bng polyurethane. - Kho lnh nn thit k nhiu bung v c hnh lang lnh (phng m); - Thay h thng chiu sng bng n compact (tui th di hn, gim tiu tn in nng); - Lp t van thot hi cho h thng luc, hp sn phm kt hp iu khin t ng hoc th cng c th gim tht thot hi nc.

Cc c hi ci tin sn phm
- Phn loi sn phm c cng kch c; - Sn xut cc sn phm thch hp theo kch c ca nguyn liu (c nh sn xut bt c, c va ng hp, c ln fillet sao cho gim n mc ti thiu ph liu). V d: - Tm dng block thay bng tm ri - Sn xut a dng cc loi sn phm

Cc c hi thu hi v ti ch, ti s dng

- Ti s dng nc lm mt sn phm sau luc v hp, nc gii nhit(theo nguyn tc t sch n d); - Thu hi trit lng nc ngng t nhnh cp hi tun hon li cho nc cp vo ni hi. - Tn dng nhit thi ra t cc h thng - Thu gom lng mu sau cng on git m ch bin thc n gia sc - Tn dng trit cc cht thi rn c th sn xut ph phm, nh: + V tm sn xut chitin, chitosan + Xng, ni tng c, bch tuc, mc ch bin thc n gia sc; + Thu gom m c ch bin bn

Cc c hi thay i cng ngh

- Thay cp ng sn phm trong khay thit b cp ng gi bng thit b cp ng tip xc - Lt v, b u, s ch bch tuc, mc, tm khng dng nc (s ch kh) gim lng nc s dng ng thi gim nhim nng nhim trong nc thi. - Lm lnh bng phng php ngc dng i vi sn phm sau khi luc - Kt hp qui trnh lt da v nh vy - Lm v sinh kh trc khi c ra bng nc; - Thm t sn v thit b trc khi c ra cht bn d bong ra v thu gom sch cht thi rn trc khi c ln cui.

3. HNG DN TRIN KHAI SN XUT SCH HN

Bc 1: Chun b nh gi SXSH Bc 2: nh gi SXSH Bc 3: xut cc gii php SXSH Bc 4: Phn tch tnh kh thi ca cc gii php SXSH Bc 5: Thc hin cc gii php SXSH

Bc 1. Chun b nh gi SXSH
Thnh lp i sn xut sch hn
Tn cng ty: Danh sch i SXSH Stt H v tn Chc v - B phn Vai tr S thnh vin:

Ghi ch: Ngoi cc b phn trn, i SXSH cn c thm mt s thnh vin h tr t cc b phn khc nh: trng ca sn xut, ti v, an ton v sinh lao ng, cng nhn v tr thc hin c lin quan.

Bc 1. Chun b nh gi SXSH
Lp k hoch trin khai nh gi SXSH Stt Ni dung thc hin Tin thc hin B phn/ngi ph trch nh gi

Lu : Bng k hoch ny c th iu chnh ph hp vi tng tnh hnh, giai on trong sut qu trnh trin khai SXSH ti nh my.

Bc 1. Chun b nh gi SXSHgi SXSH Chun b cc thng tin, s liu nh

Stt
A. Cc thng tin sn xut c bn Cng sut thit k Tn sn phm chnh (tn/nm) Cng sut thc t (tn/nm) Stt B. Nguyn vt liu s dng Tn nguyn vt liu, nng lng Lng s dng Mc tiu hao trn 1 tn SP (n vi/TSP) a. Nguyn vt liu, ha cht Nguyn liu chnh Chlorine Mui .... b. in, nc, du in Nc Du ... Stt Tn thit b C. Thit b S lng Cng sut Xut x Chi ph trn 1 tn SP

(n v/nm)

(ng/TSP)

Chun b cc thng tin, s liu nh gi SXSH

Lu : -Cc s liu trn phi l s liu thc t -Trong trng hp doanh nghip khng sn c cc thng tin trn th cc thnh vin trong i SXSH s phi tho lun cch thc tnh ton, o c thu thp y cc thng tin ny. -Vic thu thp cc thng tin cng ch tit v y cng h tr cho vic xc nh chi ph dng thi v tnh ton kh thi cho cc gii php SXSH sau ny cng chnh xc. -Khi nh my c nhiu loi nguyn liu th ch lit k mt vi tn, khi lng, chi ph ca cc nguyn liu chnh trong bng ny, phn cn li chuyn xung ph lc.

Bc 1. Chun b nh gi SXSH
M t cc s sn xut
Dng vo Nguyn liu Dng ra

Ha cht, ph gia Nhin liu

Cng on 1

Cc dng cht thi (rn, lng, kh)

Ha cht, ph gia Nhin liu

Cng on 2

Cc dng cht thi (rn, lng, kh)

Ha cht, ph gia Nhin liu

Cng on n

Cc dng cht thi (rn, lng, kh)

Thnh phm

M t cc s sn xut
Nguyn vt liu Nhin liu

Cc cng on ph tr

Cc dng cht thi (rn, lng, kh)

Cc loi nguyn nhin liu x l

H thng x l

Cc dng cht thi (rn, lng, kh)

bin bch tuc ng lnh

Nguyn liu (Bch tuc ti) Mui Chlorin Nc e Nc Chlorine Mui nc S ch Ra Nc thi Nc thi Cht thi rn Nc thi

Phn c Nc Chlorine Nc
in Nc ra t Nc Nc in Bao b

Cn / ra
Xp khun Cp ng Tch khun M bng ng gi Bo qun

Nc thi Nc thi v sinh Kh thi Nc thi v sinh Cht thi rn Nc thi v sinh Cht thi rn (bao b h thi)

in

Bc 2. nh gi SXSH
Xc nh trng tm nh gi SXSH

Stt

Trng tm nh gi Mc nn Mc tiu SXSH

% gim

Ghi ch

Lu : i SXSH cn chun b thng tin nh mc nn v tiu th in, nc, nguyn vt liu c c s so snh, i chiu vi mc nn hin ti ca cng ty, t y s gip i SXSH a ra c trng tm v mc tiu nh gi mang tnh khch quan v khoa hc hn. S liu nh mc ny c th tham kho nh mc ngnh trn th gii, trong nc hoc t kinh nghim ca cc chuyn gia t vn SXSH.

Bc 2. nh gi SXSH
Cn bng vt liu Mc ch: nh lng tn tht nguyn vt liu. Cn bng vt liu tt th s h tr vic nh gi chi ph li ch ca cc gii php SXSH Nguyn tc c bn ca cn bng nguyn vt liu l tng nguyn vt liu i vo bng tng lng ra, cc s liu s dng cho cn bng vt liu cn qui i v cng mt n v sn phm Gm c cn bng tng th v cn bng cu t

Bc 2. nh gi SXSH
Xc nh chi ph dng thi
Tn dng thi Chi ph nguyn liu Chi ph x l mi trng Tng

Lng

Chi ph

Lng

Chi ph

Lu : -Chi ph nguyn liu: chi ph tn tht nguyn, nhin liu, chi ph nhn cng mt theo dng thi. -Chi ph x l mi trng: chi ph thu gom, x l cht thi,chi ph vn hnh, l ph thi.

Xc nh chi ph dng thi

V d: tnh chi ph dng thi khi lng ph 10 m3 nc
Lng ph 10 m3 nc, chi ph dng thi c xc nh bao gm: - Chi ph tn tht 10 m3 nc sch: 20.000 ng - Chi ph x l v vn hnh 10 m3 nc i vo h thng x l nc thi: 50.000 ng (con s c tnh) Ti n gi Chi ph lng (ng/kg) Thng s x thi (Ngun nhim (kg/m3 67/2003/N (ng) ) CP) COD 10 100 1.000 BOD 15 100 1.500 TSS 4 200 800 Tng chi ph np ph x thi cho nh nc: Tng cng chi ph dng thi: 20.000 + 50.000 + 3.300 =73.300 ng 3.300

Bc 2. nh gi SXSH
Phn tch cc nguyn nhn dng thi Dng thi 1. 2. 3. Cng on/khu vc/b phn 1.1. Nguyn nhn 1.1.1

Lu : Trong khi phn tch nguyn nhn dng thi lun ghi li cc nguyn nhn theo thc t vn hnh hin ti/quan st c. Cc nguyn nhn xc nh khng mang tnh ch trch hoc ph bnh.

Bc 3. xut cc gii php SXSH

xut cc c hi SXSH
Nguyn nhn 1.1.1

C hi SXSH 1.1.1.1
1.1.1.2. 1.1.2.1

S 1 2 3

NV

NL

QT

TB

CN

TH

SP

1.1.2

Ghi ch: NV: Qun l ni vi NL: Thay i nguyn liu QT: Ci tin qu trnh TB: Ci tin thit b

CN: Thay i cng ngh TH: Tun hon, ti s dng SP: Ci tin sn phm

Nguyn nhn C hi SXSH S NV NL 1.1.1. Phng cch v sinh cn th cng 1.1.1.1. Trang b thm cc vi p lc (cng nhn hng cc chu nc di cc khu vc v sinh cc thit b, ra) lm tiu tn nhiu nc, thit b lu dng c (bn cha ...) 1 sch, tn nhiu nhn cng

V d: xut cc gii php SXSH

QT TB CN x x x x x

TH

SP

1.1.2. Cht thi cn dnh nhiu trn cc 1.1.2.1. Dng bn chi ch kh trc 2 r, bn ch bin khi ra 1.1.2.2. Thay cc r bng khay 3 1.2.1. Cng nhn thiu thc tit kim 1.2.1.1. Khon nh mc v cho cc 4 nc phn xng t qun. 1.2.1.2. Lp thm cc vi nc c van kha t ng khi khng dng 5 nc 1.2.2. Nn nh xng khi tp kt v khu 1.2.2.1. Trang b thm cc khay, v sinh cha loi b cc cht thi rn thng cha thu gom trit lng 6 nh (bt tm, vn chin...) trc khi v bt tm ri vi, vn chin sinh hoc khng c thu gom trc khi 1.2.2.2. Thay dng c v sinh ph di ra v sinh sn nh hp (chi qut mi; cy lau c u co bng cao su) thu gom tt c 7 cht thi rn trn nn nh xng trc khi v sinh 1.2.2.3. Trang b thm cc vi p lc gip lm sch nn nh xng hiu 8 qu hn

Bc 3. xut cc gii php SXSH

Sng lc cc c hi SXSH C hi SXSH Thc hin Phn tch Loi b ngay thm Bnh lun/l do 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Lu : vi cc gii php loi b, cn nu thm l do loi b c hi lu h s, v trong mt s trng hp c th xem xt li cc c hi b loi b.

Bc 4. Phn tch tnh kh thi ca cc gii php SXSH

Bc 4. Phn tch tnh kh thi ca cc gii php SXSH

Phn tch tnh kh thi v kinh t - i vi cc gii php u t thp, cch xc nh thi gian hon vn gin n l phng php tt v thng c p dng - i vi cc gii php cn u t ln, cn xc nh cc ch NPV (gi tr hin ti rng), IRR (t sut hon vn ni ti), v.v Cn lu khng nn gt b ton b cc gii php khng c tnh kh thi v kinh t v c th mt vi gii php trong s c nh hng tch cc v mi trng v v th, c th c thc hin d khng tnh hp dn v kinh t.

Phn tch tnh kh thi v mt k thut Tn gii php M t gii php Kt lun: Kh thi Khng kh thi 1. Yu cu k thut Ni dung Yu cu c sn C Khng u t phn cng Thit b Cng c Cng ngh Din tch Nhn lc Thi gian dng hot ng 2. Tc ng k thut Lnh vc Tc ng Tch cc Tiu cc Nng lc sn xut Cht lng sn phm Tit kim nng lng v hi(nu c) v in An ton Bo dng Vn hnh Khc Lu : Cc kha cnh k thut cn nh gi c th iu chnh cho ph hp vi tng gii php khc nhau, cc ni dung trn ch mang tnh gi , c th 1 s gii php ch cn phn tch mt s kha cnh k thut lin quan.

Phn tch kh thi v kinh t Tn gii php Kt lun: Kh thi Khng kh thi u t Thit b Ph tr Lp t Vn chuyn Khc TNG Chi ph vn hnh nm Khu hao Bo dng Nhn cng in Nc Ho cht Khc TNG M t gii php VND

VND Tit kim Nguyn liu Ha cht, ph gia Nc in Chi ph x l Chi ph thi b Khc TNG VND LI THUN =

TIT KIM CHI PH VN HNH THI GIAN HON VN = (U T/LI THUN) X 12 THNG

(lu : thi gian hon vn <= 3 th gii php c xem l kh thi) Lu : khi phn tch tnh kh thi v kinh t cc kha cnh phn tch c th iu chnh sao cho ph hp vi tng gii php, cc ni dung trong bng trn ch mang tnh gi .

Phn tch nh hng n mi trng Tn gii php M t gii php Kt lun: Kh thi Khng kh thi

Mi trng
Kh

Thng s
Bi Kh Khc COD BOD TS TSS Khc Cht thi rn/cht thi nguy hi Bn ho cht Bn hu c

nh tnh

nh lng

Nc

Rn

Bc 4. Phn tch tnh kh thi ca cc gii php SXSH

La chn cc gii php SXSH thc hin

Tng kt tnh kh thi ca cc gii php SXSH Cc gii php Tm tt cc li ch v Tng Thi phn tch tnh chi ph gian kh thi hon Mi K thut Kinh t vn trng

La chn (*)

1. 2. 3. (*): La chn c th l thc hin ngay; xem xt thm/th nghim li; loi b,.

Bc 5. Thc hin cc gii php SXSH

Chun b thc hin cc gii php SXSH K hoch thc hin cc gii php SXSH Tn gii php Thi gian Ngi chu Gim st c chn thc hin trch Phng Giai on Bt Kt nhim php u thc

Lu : bng k hoch ny c th iu chnh ty tng nh my

Bc 5. Thc hin cc gii php SXSH

Thc hin cc gii php SXSH Cc gii php n gin, khng tn chi ph hoc u t thp cn c u tin thc hin ngay giai on 1 ca qu trnh nh gi SXSH. Cc gii php c lc chn da vo kt qu phn tch tnh kh thi v kinh t, mi trng cn a vo k hoch hnh ng v thc hin sau khi c ban lnh o ph duyt. Trong qu trnh thc hin cc gii php cn gim st, nh gi v so snh kt qu thc t do cc gii php mang li vi nhng g c d tnh v nhng phc tho trong nh gi k thut. Nu nh kt qu thc t khng t c tt nh d tnh th nn tm hiu nguyn nhn v sao kp thi trnh lnh o.

Bc 5. Thc hin cc gii php SXSH

Thc hin cc gii php SXSH Kt qu thc t t c ca cc gii php SXSH Tn gii Chi ph thc Li ch mi Ghi Li ch kinh t php c ch hin trng chn D Thc D Thc D Thc kin t kin t kin t

Bc 5. Thc hin cc gii php SXSH

nh gi kt qu thc hin Kt qu chng trnh nh gi SXSH Nguyn nhin n v liu, nng lng Trc SXSH Sau Li ch kinh Li ch mi SXSH t trng

Bc 5. Thc hin cc gii php SXSH

Duy tr SXSH Lun lun c nhng c hi mi ci thin sn xut v cn phi thng xuyn t chc vic nh gi li SXSH. Phi thu ht s tham gia ca cng nhiu nhn vin cng tt, cng nh c mt ch khen thng cho nhng ngi c bit xut sc, lm cho SXSH tr thnh mt hot ng lin tc c thc hin thng xuyn. Ngay sau khi trin khai thc hin cc gii php SXSH, i SXSH cn xc nh v chn la cng on lng ph nht tip theo trong nh my ra mc tiu v ln k hoch thc hin. C th s dng bng sau ra mc tiu v k hoch duy tr SXSH hiu qu:

Bc 5. Thc hin cc gii php SXSH

Duy tr SXSH

Hng mc

Mc tiu Thi gian duy tr/tip theo thc hin

Ph trch


XIN CHN THNH CM N!