2400

3
5
0
1
0
0
200
1000
2100
2
0
0
250
1
0
0
250
I. BI TP TNH TON BN MT CU:
Bi tp 1: Cu to bn mt cu ca mt cu BTCT c cc kch thc nh hnh v, trng
lng th tch ca b tng: 2500kG/m
3
; lp ph 2250 kG/cm
3
; H s iu chnh ti trng
= 1; H s ti trng ly theo bng sau:
ti trng

TTGH
DC DW
LL
PL

Cng I 1,25 1,5

1,75
S dng 1 1.0 1,00
1900
2
0
0
7
5

Yu cu:
1. Tnh m men ln nht gia nhp bn theo TTGH cng I, v TTGH s dng
2. Tnh m men ln nht ca bn tim sn dm (mmen m) theo TTGH cng
I, v TTGH s dng
(Khi tnh ton ch xt trng hp xp 1 bnh xe ca trc nng 145kN gia nhp bn)
Bi tp 2: Cho bn mt cu vi cc kch thc nh hnh v bit lng th tch ca b
tng:
c
= 2400kG/m
3
; lp ph
w
= 2250 kG/cm
3
H s iu chnh ti trng = 1;
H s ti trng ly theo bng sau:
ti trng

TTGH
DC DW
LL
PL

Cng I 1,25 1,5

1,75
S dng 1 1.0 1,00


Yu cu: Tnh lc ct ln nht gi bn theo TTGH cng I, v TTGH s dng
Bi tp 3: Cho bn hng ca mt cu BTCT c cc kch thc nh hnh v; trng lng
th tch ca b tng
c
= 2400kG/m
3
; trng lng th tch cu lp ph
w
= 2250
kG/cm3; ti trng ngi 3 kN/m
2
; hot ti HL93.
Trng lng bn thn ca g chn: 1,5 kN/m
Trng lng bn thn ca lan can tay vn: 3,5 kN/m
1. Tnh m men ln nht trong bn hng
2. Tnh lc ct ln nht trong bn hng



1500 1500 8500
200 1900
2
0
0
1
0
0
250

Bi tp 4: Cho bn hng ca mt cu BTCT c cc kch thc nh hnh v; trng lng
th tch ca b tng
c
= 2400kG/m
3
; trng lng th tch cu lp ph
w
= 2250
kG/cm3; ti trng ngi 3 kN/m
2
; hot ti HL93.
Trng lng bn thn ca g chn: 1,5 kN/m
Trng lng bn thn ca lan can tay vn: 3,5 kN/m
1. Tnh m men ln nht trong bn hng
2. Tnh lc ct ln nht trong bn hng



II. BI TP TNH TON DM CH:
Bi tp 5: Cho mt kt cu nhp cu vi cc s liu sau:
- Chiu di nhp tnh ton ca dm l: 18m
- Trng lng bn thn ca dm dc, dm ngang v bn mt cu truyn xung dm
l: 13 kN/m
- Trng lng bn thn ca lp ph mt cu truyn xung dm l: 4kN/m
- Hot ti HL93; ti trng ngi 3kN/m
2
.

Ti trng HL93 Ti trng ngi
Dm bin
H s phn b ngang khi tnh m men 0,536 0,5
H s phn b ngang khi tnh lc ct 0,744 0,55
Dm trong
H s phn b ngang khi tnh m men 0,572
H s phn b ngang khi tnh lc ct 0,72
1. Tnh m men ti mt ct gia nhp ca dm bin.
2. Tnh lc ct ti mt ct gi ca dm bin
3. Tnh m men ti mt ct gia nhp ca dm trong.
4. Tnh lc ct ti mt ct gi ca dm trong








HNG DN GII CC DNG BI TP TRN:
Bi 1:
1. S tnh v ti trng tc dng ln bn:
a. S tnh bn nh hnh v:
145/2 kN
b + h
f
L E
A
B
1900
LL
DW
DC
1900

h
f

h
w

b. Ti trng tc dng:
- Trng lng bn thn ca lp ph mt cu:
DW =
w
.h
w
.1 = 2250.0,1.1 = 225 (kG) = 2,25 (kN)
- Trng lng bn thn ca bn mt cu:
DC =
c
.h
f
.1 = 2400.0,2.1 = 480 kG) = 4,8 (kN)
- Hot ti phn b u trn bn do mt bnh xe ca trc nng 145kN:
LL =
145
2( ).
f
b h E +

Trong : b = 510 mm
h
f
= 200 mm
E chiu rng lm vic ca bn c tnh nh sau:
mc 1 (Tnh m men ln nht gia nhp bn theo TTGH cng I, v
TTGH s dng) l trng hp tnh m men dng nn:
E = 660 + 0,55.S (mm) ( S = 1900 l khong cch gia tim hai dm)
mc 2 (Tnh m men ln nht ca bn tim sn dm (mmen m) theo
TTGH cng I, v TTGH s dng)l trng hp tnh m men m nn:
E = 1220 + 0,25.S
2. Tnh m men ..
Cng thc chung:
M =
2 2
1 1
W
. . W.
. . .(1 ). . ( )
8 8 4 2
DC D LL
LLb b DC S D S
IM m S
| |
+ + +
|
\

Trong : b
1
= b + h
f

(Khi tnh m men gia nhp v m men ca bn tim sn dm th ch khc
nhau gi tr E trong LL =
145
2( ).
f
b h E +
)
1900

h
f

h
w
145/2 kN
b + h
f
L E
A
B
1900
LL
DW
DC
145/2 kN
b + h
f
LL
1200
X
X = min { b+h
f
; S - 1200}
1
dah Qg
y1
y2
Dng bi 2:
1. S tnh v ti trng tc dng ln bn:
a. S tnh bn nh hnh v:
























c. Ti trng tc dng:
- Trng lng bn thn ca lp ph mt cu:
DW =
w
.h
w
.1 = 2250.0,1.1 = 225 (kG) = 2,25 (kN)
- Trng lng bn thn ca bn mt cu:
DC =
c
.h
f
.1 = 2400.0,2.1 = 480 kG) = 4,8 (kN)
- Hot ti phn b u trn bn do mt bnh xe ca trc nng 145kN:
LL =
145
2( ).
f
b h E +

Trong : b = 510 mm
h
f
= 200 mm
E chiu rng lm vic ca bn c tnh nh sau:
E
-
= 1220 + 0,25.S = 1220 + 0,25.1900 = 1695 mm = 1,695 m) ( S l khong
cch cc dm ch)
2. Tnh lc ct:
V =
W 1 1 2
. W.
. . .(1 ). . ( . . )
2 2
DC D LL
DC S D S
IM mLL b y X y
| |
+ + + +
|
\
(*)
Trong : S Khong cch tim hai dm ch
b
1
= b + h
f

X = min { } { }
1
, 1200 min 710,1900 1200 700 b S = = mm = 0,7 m
y
1
=
1
2
b
S
S

y
2
=
1
1, 2
2
2.

b
S z
S
X
S

Thay s vo cng thc (*) xc nh c lc ct

Nu S - 1200 > b
1

Nu S - 1200 < b
1

S tnh ca bi tp 2:
2400
E
A
B
2400
LL
DW
DC
1
dah Qg
y1 =
y2 = = 0,321
LL
L
1200
510
3
5
0
1
0
0
860 860
770
770
2400
1970
2400
= 0,82
145/2 kN
X = 400
200 2100
2
0
0
1
0
0
250 1000 250
300
DC1
DW
DC2
DC3
LL
L
DC1
L
DC2
L
DW
L
DC3
L
LL
Bi tp 3:
1. Tnh m men ln nht trong bn hng
a. S tnh ton:























b. Ti trng tc dng:
- Trng lng bn thn ca lp ph mt cu:
DW =
w
.h
w
.1 = 2250.0,1.1 = 225 (kG) = 2,25 (kN)
- Trng lng bn thn ca bn mt cu:
DC =
c
.h
f
.1 = 2400.0,2.1 = 480 kG) = 4,8 (kN)
- Hot ti phn b u trn bn do mt bnh xe ca trc nng 145kN:
LL =
145
2( ).
f
b h E +

200
1000
2100
2
0
0
250
1
0
0
250
345
DC1
DW
DC2
DC3
LL
L
DC1
L
DC2
L
DW
L
DC3
L
LL
145/2 kN
X = 355
Trong : b = 510 mm
h
f
= 200 mm
E chiu rng lm vic ca bn hng c tnh nh sau:
E = 1140 + 0,833X (mm) ( X khong cch t ngm n im t ti trng
bnh xe, xem trn hnh v, X = 345(mm) = 0,345(m) )
c. Tnh m men ..
Cng thc chung:
M =
2 2
1 W
2 2 3 3 W
. W.
. . . .
2 2
h D
DC DC DC D
DC L D L
DC L DC L
| | | |
+ + +
| |
|
\ \
+
.(1 ). . . ( 0, 25 1 0, 25 0, 3)
LL LL
IM mLL L S + +
2. Tnh lc ct ln nht trong bn hng
d. S tnh ton:























e. Ti trng tc dng:
- Trng lng bn thn ca lp ph mt cu:
DW =
w
.h
w
.1 = 2250.0,1.1 = 225 (kG) = 2,25 (kN)
- Trng lng bn thn ca bn mt cu:
DC =
c
.h
f
.1 = 2400.0,2.1 = 480 kG) = 4,8 (kN)
- Hot ti phn b u trn bn do mt bnh xe ca trc nng 145kN:
LL =
145
2( ).
f
b h E +

Trong : b = 510 mm
h
f
= 200 mm
E chiu rng lm vic ca bn hng c tnh nh sau:
E = 1140 + 0,833X (mm) ( X khong cch t ngm n im t ti trng
bnh xe, xem trn hnh v, X = 355 (mm) = 0,355(m) )
f. Tnh lc ct ..
Cng thc chung:
V = ( ) ( )
1 1 2 3 W W
. . . W. . .(1 ). .
DC DC D D LL LL
DC L DC DC D L m IM LL L + + + + +

Bi tp 4: Vi cch lm tng t nh trn ta c:
- Cch lm tng t nh cc v d trn, sau y ch th hin s tnh ton:
1. Tnh m men ln nht trong bn hng

145/2 kN
145/2 kN
L
LL
X
X = 355
200 1900
2
0
0
1
0
0
250
DC1
DW
DC2
LL
L
DC1
L
DC2
L
DW
L
LL
200 1900
2
0
0
1
0
0
250
300
DC1
DW
DC2
LL
L
DC1
L
DC2
L
DW
L
LL





Cn na







S tnh mo men S tnh lc ct
II. Dng bi tp tnh dm ch:
1. Nhng im cn ch :
dng bi tp ny, DC v DW cho trc, nh vy vn y l i xc nh hot
ti. Phng php tnh c la chn l phng php ng nh hng nn trnh t tnh
ton l:
1. Xc nh cc h s ti trng, h s phn b ngang (ci ny bi cho)
2. V ng nh hng ca ni lc (M hoc Q) ti mt ct ang xt
3. Xp ti ln ng nh hng
4. Tnh ni lc theo cng thc tng qut sau:
Tnh vi dm bin: S = S
DC
+ S
DW
+ S
TT ln
+ S
ngi
+ max{ }
3 2 truc
;
xe truc xe
S S
W W
. . ; S . . ; S . . .9, 3. ; . . .
DC DC D D lan LL LL PL LL PL
S DC DW m g S g PL
+ +
= = = =
S
xe 3 trc
= 145.y
1
+ 145.y
2
+ 35.y
3

S
xe 2 trc
= 110.y
1
+ 110.y
2

Tnh vi dm gia: S = S
DC
+ S
DW
+ S
TT ln
+ max{ }
3 2 truc
;
xe truc xe
S S
thun tin cho tnh ton, trn ng nh hng tnh lun cc gi tr sau:
- Tng din tch ng nh hng.

+
- Din tch phn ng nh hng dng.
y
1
; y
2
; y
3
cc tung di cc trc xe ti thit k.
y
1
;y
2
cc tung di cc trc ca xe 2 trc thit k.
Hnh v cho theo bi c ngha g?
T hnh v ca bi tp 5 nhn thy 2 im rt quan trng:
1. C ng ngi i ring, do vy khi tnh dm bin th phi xt hot ti ngi PL
2. S ln xe l 2 ln ( b rng 8,5m): vy h s ln xe m = 1
Hng dn gii dng bi 5:
1. Xc nh ti trng v h s ti trng:
Theo bi: DC = 13 kN/m; DW = 4 kN/m
Theo hnh v ta c:
- S ln xe: n = 8,5/3,5 = 2,42 => 2 ln xe => H s ln xe : m =1
- B rng l ngi i: T = 1,5m => Ti trng ngi i phn b u trn chiu di
dm l: PL = 1,5.3 = 4,5 kN/m
- H s xung kch (1+IM) = 1,25 Theo tiu chun.
2. V ng nh hng, xp xe, tnh cc thng s trn ng nh hng
ng nh hng ni lc cn tnh v cc thng s nh hnh v.

2
,
3
5
3
,
9 2
,
3
5
= 0,5.4,5.18 = 40,5 m
2

+ = 0,5.4,5.18 = 40,5 m
2

dah M l/2
0
,
9
3
3
= 0,5.1.18 = 9 m
+ = 0,5.1.18 = 9 m
dah Qgoi
1
,
0
0
4300 4300
1200
0
,
7
6
1
0
,
5
2
2
A
B
1200
4300 4300
4
,
5
18000





















3. Tnh Ni lc:
3.1 Tnh m men ti mt ct gia nhp ca dm bin.
M = M
DC
+ M
DW
+ M
TT ln
+ M
ngi
+ max{ }
3 2 truc
;
xe truc xe
M M
M men do DC gy ra l:
. .
DC DC
M DC = = 1,25.13.40,5 = 658,13 (kN.m)

W
. .
D DW
M DW = = 1,5.3.40,5 = 182,25 (kN.m)

M . . .9, 3.
lan LL LL
m g
+
= = 1,75.1.0,539.9,3.40,5 = 355,28 (kN.m)

. . .
PL LL PL
M g PL
+
= = 1,75.0,5.4,5.40,5 = 159,48 (kN.m)

M
xe 3 trc
= 145.2,35 + 145.4,5 + 35.2,35 = 1075,5 (kN.m)

M
xe 2 trc
= 110.4,5 + 110.3,9 = 924 (kN.m)

M = 658,13 + 182,25 + 355,28 +159,48 +1075,5 = 2430,62 (kN.m)
3.2 Tnh lc ct ti mt ct gi ca dm bin
Q = Q
DC
+ Q
DW
+ Q
TT ln
+ Q
ngi
+ max{ }
3 2 truc
;
xe truc xe
Q Q
Lc ct do DC gy ra l:
. .
DC DC
Q DC = = 1,25.13.9 = 146,25 (kN)

W
. .
D DW
M DW = = 1,5.3.9 = 40,5 (kN)

M . . .9, 3.
lan LL LL
m g
+
= = 1,75.1.0,539.9,3.40,5 = 355,28 (kN)

. . .
PL LL PL
M g PL
+
= = 1,75.0,55.4,5.9 = 38,98 (kN)

Q
xe 3 trc
= 145.1 + 145.0,761 + 35.0,522 = 273,62 (kN)

Q
xe 2 trc
= 110.1 + 110.0,933 = 212,63 (kN)

Q = 146,25 + 40,5 + 355,28 +38,98 +273,62 = 854,64 (kN)
3.3 Tnh m men ti mt ct gia nhp ca dm bin.
3.4 Tnh lc ct ti mt ct gi ca dm trong
Tnh tng t nh vi dm bin, ch khc my im sau:
- H s phn b ngang khc nhau g
LL

- Khng tnh vi ti trng ngi