Bibliography Primary Sources

"Baseball and Jackie Robinson." - Baseball, the Color Line, and Jackie Robinson (American Memory from the Library of Congress). N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Nov. 2012 The Library of Congress had a great storehouse of electronic artifacts we used in our project. We found the sheet music of a song written about Jackie, a newspaper headline announcing his historic first game, and pictures of him with Branch Rickey and in action his rookie year. Daley, Author. "Sports of the Times: Jackie Robinson and the Ku Klux Klan." New York Times [New York City] 18 Jan. 1949: 29. Print. This newspaper article shows the hostile reaction some had towards Jackie Robinson and the Dodgers. At the time the KKK was very powerful and used its hateful actions to discourage integration. "Did You See Jackie Robinson Hit That Ball? (1949 Version)." YouTube. YouTube, 14 July 2009. Web. 09 Dec. 2012. This song showed how Jackie Robinson inspired the African Americans of the time and how his actions were embraced in pop culture. We put this video clip on the short-term impact page of our project. Jackie Robinson at Wrigley Field 1947." YouTube. YouTube, 11 Jan. 2012. Web. 09 Nov. 2012. This game film shows how Jackie drew attendance to all ballparks across America during his rookie season because, as the only African-American on the field, he was a novelty. "Negro Leagues Baseball Museum." Negro Leagues Baseball Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2012. This website provided a great online archive of pictures and documents relating to the Negro Leagues. It helped us to understand the extent of segregation throughout society. There were likely better black baseball players than Jackie Robinson, but his selection by Branch Rickey was strategic, as professional baseball needed a player who could handle the situation with poise.

Patterson, William L. "To Secure Civil Rights: Negro People Said to Welcome Aid of All Who Fight Oppression." Editorial. New York Times [New York City] 25 July 1949: 14. Print. This editorial by the head of the Civil Rights Commission spoke out in support of Jackie Robinsons Civil Rights work beyond the baseball field. It showed that Robinson didnt just limit himself to the sporting world, but also cared about the greater well-being of African-Americans throughout society. "Robinson, Jackie." Baseball Hall of Fame. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Dec. 2012. This website had good pictures and quotes that we were able to use in our website. It showed Robinson in action on the diamond and captured his significance to sports and society. The Jackie Robinson Initiative Records 1905 [1994-97]. University of Massachusetts, n.d. Web. 10 Dec. 2012. This online archive was one of our most useful sources. It had great documents that we used on the reaction page of our website. These really captured the mood of the times and the strong emotions that Robinson stirred up in society. We thought the KKK letter that Jackie received really showed the hateful reactions that he often had to put up with and the fear he and his family must have experienced.

Secondary Sources
Bilyeu, Susan. "1947: Jackie Robinson Integrates Baseball." New York Times Upfront 2 Apr. 2007: n. pag. Web. This article provided a good overview of Jackie Robinsons historic actions and included good information on his long term impact on civil rights. In this article, We got a quote from Martin Luther King Jr. that we used in our website. Brunner, Borgna. "African-American History Timeline: A Chronology of Black History from the Early Slave Trade through Affirmative Action." Infoplease. Infoplease, n.d. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. This website provided a very informative timeline about African-American history. We took select events from this timeline to build our own. It is an important part of our project because it shows the significance of Jackie Robinson within the historical context of African-American history and rights..

"Ep. 133: Jackie Robinson." HBO: Series: Watch Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel Videos including Episode Recaps, Previews & Clips on HBO.com. HBO, n.d. Web. 12 Dec. 2012. This video clip demonstrated how Jackie Robinson had to hold his tongue many times just to be accepted into Major League Baseball. It cited him as the blueprint for what it takes to be a successful man. We used this clip as part of our conclusion because it summed up his importance to baseball and society. Hogan, Lawrence D. Shades of Glory: The Negro Leagues and the Story of AfricanAmerican Baseball. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic, 2006. Print. This book had many quotes that we used. It was a very useful source because it gave a detailed overview of African American involvement in professional baseball, including the Negro Leagues, and gave peoples reactions to the integration of baseball. "Jackie Robinson ESPN Sportscentury." YouTube. YouTube, 21 Dec. 2010. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. This was a very helpful documentary about Jackie Robinson. We used iMovie to take clips from it to use in our project. It was particularly useful in describing the events leading to Robinsons historic entry into baseball and his impact on the game and society, as many significant sports and political figures commented about Robinson. "Jackie Robinson's #42 - What the Number Means to the Game." YouTube. ESPN, 15 Apr. 2011. Web. 12 Dec. 2012. This video gave a modern perspective of Robinsons long term impact on the game of baseball. It included comments from several current Major League players. McPherson, Stephanie S. Jackie Robinson. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications, 2010. Print. This book provided a timeline on Jackie Robinsons life. It paid attention to more than just baseball showing all the major events of Robinsons life.

"Negro League History 101 - An Introduction To The Negro Leagues." Negro League History 101 - An Introduction To The Negro Leagues. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2012. This website examined the impact of desegregated baseball on the Negro Leagues, which could no longer effectively function. It also gave a long, historic view of the Negro Leagues, which came into existence after the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court ruling. Orr, Jack. The Black Athlete: His Story in American History. New York: Lion, 1969. Print. This book told the story of Jackie Robinsons historic entrance into Major League Baseball. It also included chapters on the integration of other sports which mostly came after the integration of baseball.