Nguyn Bnh Long THPT Chuyn Sn La

ANCOL 1. un nng mt hn hp gm mt ancol bc I v mt ancol bc III u thuc loi ancol no, n chc vi H2SO4, 140oC th thu c 5,4 g H2O v 26,4 g hn hp 3 ete. Gi s cc phn ng xy ra hon ton v 3 ete trong hn hp c s mol bng nhau. Xc nh CTCT ca 2 ancol v 3 ete . 2. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng thy phn cc ng phn ca C3H5Br3 trong dd NaOH d. Sn phm no thuc loi n chc, a chc, tp chc? 3. Mt ancol no, n chc A c t khi so vi ancol no B l 0,5 (A, B u l mch h) . Khi cho cng khi lng A v B tc dng vi Na d th th tch kh thot ra t ancol B bng 1,5 ln th tch kh thot ra t ancol A. Mt khc, nu t chy hon ton hn hp gm 4,6g mi ancol th c 7,84 lt CO2 (ktc). Xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT ca A, B. 4. Cho 3,91g mt ru n chc A tc dng vi Na d, thu c 0,952 lit H2 (ktc). a. Xc nh CTCT ca A. 4. Pha 18 lit ru A vi 32 lit nc s thu c ru bao nhiu ? 5. t chy hon ton m gam hn hp 2 ru no, mch h, n chc, thu c 48,4g CO2 v 25,2g H2O. a. Xc nh m. b. Xc nh CTPT 2 ru trn v % khi lng ca chng trong hn hp. Bit chng l 2 ru lin tip trong dy ng ng. 6. un nng m gam hn hp 2 ru n chc vi H2SO4 c, thu c 0,672 lit (ktc) hn hp 2 olefin l ng ng lin tip. Trn lng hn hp olefin thu c ny vi m gam hn hp 2 ru trn trong bnh kn dung tch 10 lit. Bm tip vo bnh 12,8g O2. Sau khi bt tia la in t chy ht hn hp, a nhit bnh v 00C, thy p sut bnh l 0,7168 atm. Gi thit cc phn ng xy ra vi hiu sut 100%. a. Tm CTPT 2 ru. b. Tnh % khi lng mi ru trong hn hp. 7. iu ch etilen, ngi ta un nng ru etylic 96o vi H2SO4 c 170oC. Tnh th tch ru etylic 96o cn thit iu ch c 3,36 lit C2H4 (ktc). Bit hiu sut p t 60%, khi lng ring ca ru etylic l 0,8 g/ml. 8. Tin hnh hp nc hon ton 2 anken A v B thu c hn hp 2 ru lin tip C, D. Cho hn hp ru ny p ht vi Na thu c 2,688 lit H2 (ktc). Mt khc, nu t chy hon ton hn hp 2 ru trn ri hp th ht sn phm bng lng nc vi trong th thu c 30 g kt ta, tip tc cho NaOH d vo dd trn li thu c thm 13g kt ta na. Vit cc ptp xy ra v xc nh CTPT A, B. 9. Hn hp A gm ru metylic v ru n-propylic vi t l mol tng ng l 5:3. Hn hp B gm 2 olefin kh iu kin thng. Chia A lm 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 cho tc dng ht vi Na thu c V lit H2 (ktc). Phn 2 un nng vi H2SO4 c 180oC. Cho hn hp sn phm kh (gm 1 olefin v imetylete) li t t qua nc loi ht ete. Ly olefin cn li trn vi hn hp kh B c hn hp kh D c t khi so vi H2 l 21. Khi c mt Ni xt v un nng th D tc dng va ht vi V lit H2 trn. a. Xc nh CTPT cc olefin trong hn hp B. b. Mun t chy ht B cn mt th tch O2 gp bao nhiu ln th tch B ( cng k nhit , p sut). Gi thit cc p xy ra hon ton. 10. Mt ru no, n chc A c t khi so vi ru no B l 0,5 (A, B u l mch h) . Khi cho cng khi lng A v B tc dng vi Na d th th tch kh thot ra t ru B bng 1,5 ln th tch kh thot ra t ru A. Mt khc, nu t chy hon ton hn hp gm 4,6g mi ru th c 7,84 l CO2 (ktc). Xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT ca A, B. 11. Cho 30,4g hn hp gm glixerin v mt ru no, n chc A p vi Na (d), thu c 8,96 l kh (ktc). Nu cho hn hp trn tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 th ha tan c 9,8g Cu(OH)2. a. Tm CTPT v gi tn A b. Tm % khi lng cc cht trong hn hp. 12. Mt hn hp X gm 2 ru no A v B c cng s nguyn t C, khi lng hn hp X l 18,2g v t khi hi ca X so vi H2 l 36,4. Chia X ra lm 2 phn bng nhau: Phn 1: t chy hon ton v cho ton b CO2 i qua dd Ca(OH)2 d, to thnh 37,5g kt ta . Phn 2: Phn ng va vi 225 ml dd HCl. a. Xc nh CTPT ca A, B. b. Tnh CM ca dd HCl. c. Xc nh CTCT ng ca A, B. Bit 2 ru ny khng p vi Cu(OH)2 v khi b oxi ha cho ra anehit. 13. un nng 1 ru A vi hn hp (ly d) KBr v H2SO4 c, thu c 12,3g hp cht B. Hiu sut p t 60%. Phn tch nguyn t B c: %C = 29,27%, %H = 5,69% cn nguyn t th 3 chim 65,04%. a. Hi ca 12,3g B ni trn chim 1 th tch bng th tch ca 2,8g N2 trong cng k. Xc nh CTCT ca A v B. Bit rng A tc dng vi CuO to thnh anehit. Vit cc ptp. b. Tnh khi lng cht A dng. c. So snh A v B v nhit si v tan trong nc. d. Khng dng d kin cu (1), bin lun xc nh CTPT ca B, t suy ra CTPT ca A. 14. H2 X gm 3 ru AOH, BOH v B'OH, trong AOH v BOH cng dy ng ng , BOH v B'OH c cng s nguyn t C v mch C khng nhnh.
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Nguyn Bnh Long THPT Chuyn Sn La

un nng 30,2g hn hp X vi mt lng d CH3COOH khi c mt H2SO4 c th thu c 51,2g hn hp 3 este (gi thit hiu sut p este ho l 100%). Mt khc, t chy 6,04g hn hp X th thu c 13,64g CO2, cn nu cho 30,2g hn hp X tc dng vi nc brom thy c 40g Br2 tham gia p. Nu ly sn phm cha brom em thu phn bng kim th thu c ru 3 ln ru. a. Tnh khi lng phn t trung bnh ca hn hp X v xc nh CTPT cc ru trong hn hp X, bit rng c 1 ru l ru metylic . b. Tnh s mol mi ru trong 1 mol hn hp X. ANDEHIT 1. Oxi ho 4,6 gam hn hp cha cng s mol ca hai ancol n chc thnh andehit th dng ht 7,95 gam CuO. Cho ton b lng anehit thu c phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong amoniac th thu c 32,4 gam bc. Hy xc nh cng thc cu to ca hai ancol , bit rng cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. 2. A v B l 2 ankanal, B l cht k tip ngay sau A trong dy ng ng. Cho thm 29g B vo 100g dung dch A 22% thu c dung dch C. Ly 1/10 dung dch C cho tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3/NH3, thu c 21,6g Ag. Xc nh CTCT ca A v B. 3. A l 1 anehit mch khng nhnh. Mt th tch hi A cng hp ti a 3 th tch H2, sn phm phn ng cho tc dng vi Na d cho th tch H2 bng th tch hi A dng ban u (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin). t chy hon ton mt lng A thu c 14,08g CO2 v 2,88g H2O. a) Xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT ca A. b) Cho 12,6g A tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3/NH3. Tnh khi lng Ag to thnh. Bit hiu sut phn ng t 100%. 4. Cho 31,8 gam hn hp 2 ankanal A v B tc dng vi lng d dd AgNO3/NH3 un nng, thu c 129,6 gam Ag. Xc nh CTPT ca A, B. Bit MA < MB v trong hn hp, nA : nB = 1 : 4 Cho 2 axit cacboxylic A v B. Nu cho hn hp A v B tc dng ht vi Na th s mol H2 thu c bng 1/2 tng s mol ca A v B trong hn hp. Nu trn 20g dung dch A 23% vi 50g dung dch B 20,64% th thu c dung dch D. trung ho 1/10 dung dch D cn 20 ml dung dch NaOH 1,1M, thu c dung dch E. a) Tm CTCT ca A v B. b) Tnh khi lng mui khan thu c khi c cn dung dch E.

Bi 1:

este

Bi 1: un 20,4g mt hp cht hu c n chc A vi 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M thu c mui B v hp cht
hu c C. Cho C tc dng vi Na d sinh ra 2,24 lit H2 (ktc). Bit rng khi nung mui B vi NaOH thu c kh K c t khi so vi oxi l 0,5. Khi oxi ho C bng khng kh c Cu nung nng cho ra sn phm D khng tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3, un nng. a) Xc nh CTCT ca B, C, A v D. b) Sau phn ng gia A v dd NaOH thu c dung dch E. C cn E c cht rn khan F. Tnh khi lng F. Bi 2: Cho 2,64g mt este 2 chc A vo bnh kn dung tch 500 ml ri a nhit bnh ln 2730C, khi ton b este A ho hi th p sut bng 1,792 atm. a) Xc nh CTPT ca A. b) Thy phn hon ton lng este A trn bng lng va dd NaOH. Xc nh CTCT ca A v khi lng mui thu c sau phn ng (vi hiu sut phn ng l 100%) trong cc trng hp sau: * Sn phm thu c sau phn ng l 2 mui v 1 ancol. * Sn phm thu c sau phn ng l 1 mui v 2 ancol. Bi 3: Hn hp A gm 2 este l ng phn ca nhau v u c to thnh t axit n chc v ancol n chc. Cho 2,2g hn hp A bay hi 136,50C v 1 atm th thu c 840 ml hi este. Mt khc em thu phn hon ton 26,4g hn hp A bng 100 ml dd NaOH 20% (d= 1,2 g/ml) ri em c cn th thu c 33,8g cht rn khan. Xc nh CTPT v tnh % khi lng mi este trong hn hp A. Bi 4: Kt qu phn tch nguyn t cho thy hp cht A cha 55,81% C; 7,01% H cn li l oxi; A l cht lng rt t tan trong nc, khng c v chua, khng l mt mu nc brom. 1,72g A phn ng va vi 20ml dung dch NaOH 1M v to thnh mt hp cht duy nht B c cng thc phn tC4H7O3Na. Khi un nng vi axit v c, t B li to thnh A. a) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A. b) T cng thc phn t v tnh cht ca A, cho bit A thuc loi hp cht no? c) Vit cng thc cu to ca A, B v cc phng trnh phn ng nu trn.