Dng 1: S ng phn ca amin n chc CTPT C3H9N C4H11N C5H13N C6H15N C7H9N 5 4 1 Tng s ng phn 4 8 17 Bc 1 2 4 8 Bc 2 1 3 6 Bc3 1 1 3 7 0

VD1: Cho amin no n chc c %N = 23,72% . Tm s ng phn bc 3 ca amin A. 1 B.2 C.3 D.4 PP: amin no n chc => CT: CnH2n+3N MN .100% 14.100% = = 23,72% Gii ra c n = 3 %N = Ma min 14n + 17 CT : C3H7N2 => C ng phn bc 3 l 1 ( Bng trn C3H9N) Dng 2: So snh tnh baz ca cc amin Nguyn tc : Amin cn d i e cha lin kt trn nguyn t Nit nn th hin tnh baz => c trng cho kh nng nhn proton H+ Nhm ankyl c nh hng lm tng mt e nguyn t Nit =>lm tng tnh baz. >NH3 Nhm phenyl (C6H5-) lm gim mt e trn nguyn t Nit =>lm gim tnh baz. <NH3 Lc baz : CnH2n+1-NH2 > NH3 > C6H5-NH2 Amin bc 2 > Amin bc 1 Gii thch: Do amin bc 2 (R-NH-R) c hai gc HC nn mt y e vo nguyn t N trung tm ln hn amin bc 1 (R-NH2). Amin cng c nhiu gc ankyl, gc ankyl cng ln => tnh baz cng mnh. gc phenyl => tnh baz cng yu. *V D: So snh tnh baz ca cc hp cht hu c sau: NH3 , C2H5NH2 , CH3NH2 , C6H5NH2 , (C6H5)2NH , (C2H5)2NH , C6H5 CH2NH2 ? (C2H5)2NH > C2H5NH2 > CH3NH2 > NH3 > C6H5> CH2NH2 > C6H5NH2 > (C6H5)2NH VD1: Cho cc cht: (1) amoniac. (2) metylamin. (3) anilin. (4) dimetylamin. Tnh baz tng dn theo th t no sau y? A. (1) < (3) < (2) < (4). B. (3) < (1) < (2) < (4). C. (1) < (2) < (3) < (4). D. (3) < (1) < (4) < (2). Amoniac : NH3 ; metyamin : CH3NH2 ; anilin : C6H5NH2; dimetyl amin : CH3 NH CH3 Da vo tnh cht trn : anilin c vng benzen(gc phenyl) => Tnh bazo yu nht NH3 mc trung gian > C6H5NH2 Amin bc I (CH3NH2) < Amin bc 2 (NH3 NH NH3) => Th t : C6H5NH2 < CH3 < CH3NH2<(CH3)NH Dng 3: Xc nh s nhm chc : nH + Nu bi cho s mol amin v s mol axit (H+) lp t s : S nhm chc = nA min Nu amin ch c 1N => s chc = 1 VD: trung ha 50 ml dd amin no , (trong amin c 2 nguyn t Nito ) cn 40 ml dd HCl 0,1 M . CM ca imetyl amin dng l : A.0,08M B.0,04M C.0,02M D.0,06M Amin c 2 N => amin c s chc = 2 ADCT : namin = nHCl/2 = 0,002 mol => CM amin = 0,04 M

Dng 4 : Xc inh s mol ca ca amin nu bit s mol ca CO2 & H2O : Nu bi cha cho amin no, n chc th ta c gi s l amin no, n. Khi t chy nH2O > nCO2 ,ta ly : nH2O - nCO2 = 1,5namin Cch chng minh nh phn hidrocacbon CT amin no n chc : CnH2n+1NH2 PT : CnH2n+3N2 + O2 => nCO2 + (n+3/2)H2O + N2 x mol n.x mol (n+3/2).x mol Ta ly nH2O nCO2 = 3/2x = 3/2n amin nCO 2 1,5.nCO 2 = T => n (s C trong amin) hoc n = na min nH 2O nCO 2 Tng t c CT i vi amin khng no , n chc + C 1 lk pi , C 2 lk pi , Chng minh tng t Nu bi cho amin n chc, m khi t chy to ra bit n CO2 v nN2 . th ta c CT sau V amin n chc => c 1 N . AD LBT nguyn t N => n amin = 2nN2 nCO 2 nCO 2 n( n) = M n hoc n = na min 2nN 2 VD1: t chy hon ton amol hh X gm 2 amin no n chc lim tip nhau thu c 5,6 lt CO2 (ktc) v 7,2 g H2O . Gi tr ca a l : A. 0,05 mol B.0,1 mol C.0,15 mol D.0,2 mol Tm CT 2 amin ? AD CT : namin = (nH2O nCO2)/1,5 ( i vi amin no n chc) = (0,4 0,25)/1,5 = 0,1 mol nCO 2 0,25 = = 2,5 => Amin c CT : CnH2n+1NH2 CT amin : n = na min 0,1 n = 2 v n = 3 :C2H5NH2 v C3H7NH2 VD2: Aminoaxit X cha mt nhm chc amin bc nht trong phn t. t chy hon ton mt lng X thu c v theo t l th tch l 4 : 1. X c cng thc cu to l: A.H2N CH2 CH2 COOH B.H2N (CH2)3 COOH C.H2N CH2 COOH D. H2N (CH2)4 COOH Da vo p n => amin X ch c 1 N => 2nN2 = namin (BT NT Nito) nCO 2 nCO 2 4 n= = = 2 => X Ch c 2 C => C M n = na min 2nN 2 2 Dng 5: tm CTPT ca amin n, nu bit % khi lng N hoc %H hay %C cng c: Gi R l gc hidrocacbon ca amin cn tm . VD amin n chc CT : R-NH2 Mt s gc hidrocacbon thng gp : 15 : CH3; 27 : CH2=CH; 29 : C2H5-; 43 :C3H7; 57 : C4H9VD 1: Cho amin no , n chc bc 1 c %N = 31,11% . Tm CT ca amin NH li CT tng qut : CnH2n+2 2a m(CHc)m ( a l tng pi tnh phn trn) y v amin n chc => m = 1 , V amin no => a = 0 => CT: CnH2n+2 1 NH2 = CnH2n+1NH2 14.100% = 31,11% Gii ra c n = 2 => CT: C2H5NH2 => %N = 14n + 17 Dng 6: Cho amin tc dng vi dd FeCl3, Cu(NO3)2 to kt ta : Amin c kh nng tc dng vi dd FeCl3 , Cu(NO3)2 xy ra theo phng trnh : 3RNH2 + FeCl3 + 3H2O => Fe(OH)3 + 3RNH3Cl 2RNH2 + Cu(NO3)2 + 2H2O => Cu(OH)2 + 2RNH2NO3 Thng th bi hay cho m kt ta : Fe(OH)3 hoc Cu(OH)2 Dng 7: tm CTPT ca amin da theo phn ng chy -Cng thc : AD CT : Tm CT bt k : CnH2n+2 2a m(Chc)m Ta c Amin bt k : CxHyNz vi y 2x + 2 +z y chn th z chn, y l th z l Amin n chc : CxHyN Amin n chc no : CnH2n+1NH2 , CnH2n+3NH2

 Amin a chc no : CnH2n+2-z(NH2)z , CnH2n+2+zNz Nu cho phn trm khi lng tng nguyn t th lp CT n gin nht, da vo gi thuyt bin lun. Theo T l : x : y : z Nu bi cho s mol sn phm th lm tng t dng 3, tm c s ngt C trung bnh, da vo yu cu a ra CT ng Nu bi cho m g amin n chc t chy hon ton trong khng kh va (cha 20% oxi, 80% nit) thu c ch k mol CO2 hoc c k mol CO2 ln x mol nit , ta c th lm nh v d: VD1: t chy hon ton 1,18 g amin n chc B bng mt lng oxi va . Dn ton b sn phm wa bnh ng nc vi trong d thu c 6 gam kt ta .CTPT ca B l : Gi cng thc l CxHyN CxHyN + O2 => x CO2 Ta c t l : x.namin =nCO2 1,18 0,46 x 0,84 x. = 0,06 = > y = 2x +2+1 x 3 12 x + y + 14 0,06 Cho x chy t 1=>3 : ch c gi tr x=3 v y=9 l tho k . Vy CTPT l C3H9N VD2:t chy hon ton 1,18 g amin n chc B bng mt lng khng kh va u (cha 20% oxi, 80% nit). Dn ton b sn phm wa bnh ng nc vi trong d thu c 6 gam kt ta v c 9,632 lt kh duy nht thot ra .CTPT ca B l : Gi cng thc l CxHyN . nCO2 = 0,06 mol CxHyN + (x + y/4) O2 => x CO2 + y/2 H2O + N2 y y 0,06( x + ) 0,06( x + ) 4 nN 2kk = 4. 4 nO 2 = x x y 0,06( x + ) 4 + 0,03 = 0,43 0,19 x 0,06 y = 0,03(1) Theo pt : nN 2 = 0,03 nN 2 = 4. x x x 1,18 0,06 = 0,46 x 0,06 y = 0,84(2) 12 x + y + 14 x Giai (1) & (2) x = 3; y = 9 Vy CTPT l C3H9N Nu bi ton cho t chy mt amin bng khng kh ,ri thu a mol CO2 ; b mol H2O ; c mol N2.ta lm nh sau : Tm khi lng O trong CO2 ;H2O = khi lng Oxi tham gia phn ng ( BT Nguyn t O) => s mol oxi => s mol Nit trong kk = 4nO2 (Nu bi tp cho t trong khng kh cn Nu t trong O2 th khng phi tnh) => s mol Nit sinh ra trong phn ng chy. T ta s c s mol C, H, N trong amin => Tm CTGN => CTPT VD1: Mt amino axit cha 46,6% C, 8,74% H, 13,59% N,cn li l oxi. Cng thc n gin nht trng vi cng thc phn t. Cng thc phn t ng ca amino axit l A.C3H7O2N B.C4H9O2N C.C5H9O2N D.C6H10O2N % O = 100 - (46,6 + 8,74 + 13,59) = 31,07 % %C % H %O % N 46,6 8,74 31,07 13,59 : : : = : : : C:H:O:N= = 3,88 : 8,74 : 1,94 : 12 1 16 14 12 1 16 14 0,97 = 4 : 9 : 2 : 1 => CTG : C4H9O2N => Chn B Nu lm trc nghim nh th th hi lu. Mo dp n: S C u khc nhau v s N ging nhau ( bi hay cho kiu ny) Ch cn xt t l gia C v N thi khng cn O v H Xt t l ta c C : O = 4 : 1 => B VD2: Khi t chy hon ton mt amin n chc X, thu c 8,4 lt kh CO 2, 1,4 lt kh N2 (cc th tch kh o ktc) v 10,125 gam H2O. Cng thc phn t ca X l (cho H = 1, O = 16)Chn mt p n di y

A. C3H7N B. C3H9N C. C4H9N D. C2H7N Cu ny khc xt t l C : H hay hn Tm c t l 1 : 3 => B V p n A v B t l C : N = 3: 1 Dng 8: Cho amin tc dng vi HCl: (PP Gii bi tp dng tng gim khi lng) VD amin bc 1: Aminno axit : NH2 R COOH + HCl => CLNH3-R-COOH Gii s 1mol 1mol => 1mol => m tng = m mui m amin = 36,5 g (v P cng HCL) Vi xmol => xmol => xmol => m Tng = 36,5x g m mui = mamin + namin (HCl hoc mui).36,5 Hoc dng BT Khi lng : m amin + mHCl = m mui (Chnh l CT trn) Cn nu amino Axit tc dng vi NaOH(Kim) (Hoc Na,K) Th xem li phn Axit nh. CT: m mui = mAmino Axit + m.nNaOH.22 ( m l s chc COOH) i vi Amino Axit c 1 nhm COOH => nNaOH = nAmino Axit = n Mui VD1: Cho 0,01 mol amino axit A tc dng va vi 80 mldung dch HCl 0,125 M. C cn dung dch thu c1,835 gam mui. Khi lng phn t ca A (Tc l M ca A)l A.97 B.120 C.147 D.150 ADCT: m mui = mamin + nHCL .36,5 1,835 =Mamoni . 0, 01 + 0,01.36,5 M amino = 147 VD2: Cho 0,01 mol aminoaxit X phn ng ht vi 40ml dung dch HCl 0,25M to thnh 1,115g mui khan. X c cng thc cu to no sau y: A.NH2 CH2 COOH B.NH2 (CH2)2 COOH C.CH3COONH4 D.NH2 (CH2)3 COOH Da vo p n hoc Xt t l : nHCL / namin = 1 => amino axit c 1 gc chC. p t l 1 :1 => Loi p n C. AD CT : m mui =Mamino axit . 0,01 + nHCL . 36,5 1,115 = MX.0,01 + 0,01.36,5 MX = 75 CT : amino axit : NH2 CnH2n COOH => MR = 14n + 61 = 75 => n = 1 CT : NH2 CH2 COOH VD3: A l mt -amino axit no ch cha mt nhm -NH2 v mt nhm COOH. Cho 3 gam A tc dng vi NaOH d thu c 3,88 gam mui. Cng thc phn t ca A l A.CH3-CH2-CHNH2-COOH B.CH2NH2-CH2-COOH C.CH3-CHNH2-COOH D.H2N-CH2-COOH Cch gii bnh thng : Theo bi ta c gc hirocacbono l CnH2n H2NCnH2nCOOH + NaOH => H2NCnH2nCOONa + H2O bi 3 gam 3,88 gam Theo PT => nH2NCnH2nCOOH = nH2NCnH2nCOONa 3 3,88 = Gii ra c : n = 1 => CTCT ca A l H2N-CH2-COOH Chn D 14n +61 14n + 83 mmuoi ma min o 3,88 3 = = 0,04mol ADCT trn => nH2NCnH2nCOOH = 22 22 3 = 75 n = 1 MH2NCnH2nCOOH = 14n +61 = 0,04 Dang 9: Trn hn hp gm amin v hirocacbon ri em t chy Xt v d sau : VD5: t chy hon ton hn hp gm 100 ml hh gm imetylamin v hai hirocacbon ng ng k tip thu c 140 ml CO2 v 250 ml nc ( cc V cng iu kin). CTPT ca hai hirocacbon? Ta thy : Hh gm (C2H5)2NH v CxHy (x l s ngt C trung bnh ca hai HC).

140 = 1,4 100 Vy mt trong hai cht phi c 1 cht c s ngt C > 1,4 , l (C2H5)2NH. Cht cn li c s ngt C nh hn 1,4 => x<1,4 => hai hirocacbon ng ng k tip trn phi thuc dy ng ng ca ankan. Vy 2 hirocacbon cn tm l CH4 v C2H6 Gi n l s nguyn t C trung bnh => n =