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Chng 1: S IN LI
DNG 1: VIT PHNG TRNH IN LI.
Phng php: Phi xt cht in li l mnh hay yu, nu mnh dng du , yu dng du Kim loi v Hir thng mang in tch dng, phn cn li mang in tch m. - Tng s in tch hai v ca phng trnh in li phi bng nhau. - Axit yu, baz th vit tng nc. - Mui axit th vit 2 giai on Bi 1: Vit phng trnh in li ca cc cht sau y: a. H 2SO 4 , HNO 3 , H 2S, HCl, HClO 4, CH 3COOH. b. NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH) 2 , Ba(OH)2 . c. NaCl, CuCl 2 , Al2 (SO4 )3 , FeCl3 , Mg(NO3 )2 , K2 S, Na2 SO4 , K2 CO3 , d. NaClO, KClO3 , NaHSO4 , NH4 Cl, CaCl2 , NaClO2 , NaHS, Fe2 (SO4 )3 , Na3 PO4 , Na2 HPO4 e. H 2 CO3 , H 2SO3 , H3 PO4 , H2 C2 O4 .
BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
= 0,25 ( 0,08 + 2 x 0,01) = 0,025 mol Phan ng trung hoa : H+ + OH- --> H2O (4) pH = 12 --> moi trng kiem : KOH d pOH = 14 pH = 2 --> [OH-] = 10-2 = 0,01 M nKOH du = nOH = (0,25 + 0,25).0,01 = 0,005 mol so mol KOH a trung hoa : nOH = nH = 0,025 mol so mol KOH ban au : 0,025 + 0,005 = 0,03 mol 0, 03 x= = 0,12 M 0, 25 BI TP T GII: Bi 1:Tm nng mol ca cc ion c trong dung dch. Bit trong 1,5 lt dung dch c ha tan 68,4 gam Al2(SO4)3. Bi 2: Ha tan 34,2 gam Ba(OH)2 vo nc c 500 ml dung dch. a. Tnh nng mol ca cc ion c trong dung dch. b. Tnh th tch dung dch H2SO4 0,2M cn trung ha hon ton dung dch trn. Bi 3: Ngi ta ha tan 24 gam MgSO4 vo nc c 800 ml dung dch. a. Tnh nng mol ca MgSO4 v ca cc ion c trong dung dch. b. Tnh th tch dung dch KOH 0,5M cn lm kt ta ht ion Mg2+. 2c. Tnh th tch dung dch BaCl2 0,5M cn lm kt ta ht ion SO 4 . Bi 4: Ngi ta ha tan 80,5 gam ZnSO4 vo nc c 1500 ml dung dch. a. Tnh nng mol ca ZnSO4 v ca cc ion c trong dung dch. b. Tnh th tch dung dch Na2S 0,5M cn lm kt ta ht ion Zn2+. 2c. Tnh th tch dung dch BaCl2 0,8M cn lm kt ta ht ion SO 4 . Bi 5: Trn ln 150 ml dung dch CaCl2 0,5M vi 50 ml dung dch NaCl 2M. Tnh nng mol ca cc ion trong dung dch thu c. Bi 6: Trn ln 150 ml dung dch K2SO4 0,5M vi 150 ml dung dch Na2SO4 2M. Tnh nng mol ca cc ion trong dung dch thu c. Bi 7: Trn ln 150 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,5M vi 350 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Tnh nng mol ca cc ion trong dung dch thu c.
2 BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
Bi 13: Tnh pH ca cc dung dch sau: HNO3 0,001M; Ba(OH)2 0,025M. Bi 14: Ha tan 2,24 ml kh HCl vo nc thu c 100 ml dung dch HCl. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c. Bi 15: Trn 15 ml dung dch NaOH 2M vi 50 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,5M. Tnh nng mol/l ca cc ion trong dung dch thu c v pH ca dung dch . Bi 16: Trn ln 100 ml dung dch HCl 1M vi 100 ml dung dch KOH 0,5M thu c dung dch D. a/ Tnh nng mol ca cc ion trong dung dch v pH ca dung dch. b/ Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 1M trung ha dung dch D. Bi 17: Tnh nng mol ca ion H+ v pH ca dung dch. Bit trong 100 ml dung dch H2SO4 c ha tan 0,49 g H2SO4. Bi 18: Trn 50 ml dung dch NaOH 0,12M vi 50 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,1M. Tnh nng mol ca cc ion trong dung dch thu c v pH ca dung dch . Bi 19: Trn 200 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,25M vi 300 ml dung dch cha NaOH 0,15M v KOH 0,1M. tnh pH ca dung dch thu c. Bi 20: (HA- 2004). Cho 40 ml dung dch HCl 0,75M vo 160 ml dung dch cha ng thi Ba(OH)2 0,08M v KOH 0,04M. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c. Bi 21: (CA-2005).Trn 10 g dung dch HCl 7,3% vi 20 g H2SO4 4,9% ri thm nc c 100 ml dung dch A. tnh nng mol ca ion H+ v pH ca dung dch A. Bi 22: Trn 1 lit dung dch H2SO4 0,15M vi 2 lit dung dch KOH 0,165M thu c dung dch E. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c. Bi 23: (CA-2006). Cho dung dch A l hn hp: H2SO4 2.10-4M v HCl 6.10-4M. Cho dung dch B l hn hp: NaOH 3.10-4M v Ca(OH)2 3,5.10-4M. a/ Tnh pH ca dung dch A v dung dch B. b/ Trn 300 ml dung dch A vi 200 ml dung dch B c dung dch C. Tnh pH ca dung dch C. Bi 24: (CB-SP TPHCM 2006).A l dung dch HCl 0,2M; B l dung dch H2SO4 0,1M. Trn cc th tch bng nhau ca A v B c dung dch X. tnh pH ca dung dch X. Bi 25:Trn 300 ml dd HCl 0,5M vi 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 b mol/l thu c 500 ml dung dch c pH = 1.Tnh gi tr b. Bi 26: (HQG TPHCM 2001).Trn 250 ml dung dch cha Ba(OH)2 0,01M v KOH 0,02M vi 250 ml dung dch H2SO4 a mol/l thu c b g kt ta v 500 ml dung dch c pH = 2. Tnh a, b. Bi 27: (CA-SP k Lk 2006). Cho 200 ml dung dch HNO3 1M vo 600 ml dung dch cha ng thi NaOH 1M v Ca(OH)2 0,1M. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c. Bi 28: (H Quy Nhn 2001). Trn 250 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 1M vi 350 ml dung dch HNO3 1M v HCl 2M. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c. Bi 29: Ha tan 6,3 g HNO3 vo nc c 500 ml dung dch A. a/ Tnh pH ca dung dch A. b/ Tnh th tch dung dch KOH 2M trung ha dung dch A.
BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
c/ 500 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,2M vo dung dch A th pH bin i nh th no? Coi Ba(OH)2 in li hon ton. Bi 30: (HA-2007): Cho m gam hn hp Mg, Al vo 250 ml dung dch X cha hn hp axit HCl 1M v axit H2SO4 0,5M, thu c 5,32 lt H2 ( ktc) v dung dch Y (coi th tch dung dch khng i). Dung dch Y c pH l Bi 31: (HA-2008):Trn ln V ml dung dch NaOH 0,01M vi V ml dung dch HCl 0,03 M c 2V ml dung dch Y. Dung dch Y c pH l Bi 32: (HB-2008):Trn 100 ml dung dch c pH = 1 gm HCl v HNO3 vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH nng a (mol/l) thu c 200 ml dung dch c pH = 12. Gi tr ca a l (bit trong + -14 mi dung dch [H ][OH ] = 10 ) Bi 33: (HB-2009): Trn 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm H2SO4 0,05M v HCl 0,1M vi 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm NaOH 0,2M v Ba(OH)2 0,1M, thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X c pH l
Vit phng trnh phn t, 15/ Fe2(SO4)3 v NaOH 16/ CH3COONa v HCl 17/ (NH4)2SO4 v Ba(OH)2 18/ NH4Cl v Ba(OH)2 19/ Ba(NO3)2 v CuSO4 20/ Al(OH)3 v NaOH.
l/ FeCl3 + ? Fe(OH)3+ ? 3/ Vit phng trnh phn t ca cc phn ng c phng trnh ion thu gn sau.
c/Mg 2+ +2OH- Mg(OH)2 2d/Ba 2+ +SO4 BaSO4 e/Ag + +Cl- AgCl f/H + +OH - H 2O g/Cu 2+ +2OH- Cu(OH)2 2h/2 H + +CO3 CO 2 + H 2O b/Fe3+ +3OH- Fe(OH)3
d/ AgNO3 + ? AgCl + ? e/ Ba(NO3)2 + ? BaSO4 + ? f/ ZnCl2 + ? AgCl + ? g/ ZnSO4 + ? ZnS + ? h/ FeCl2 + ? Fe(OH)2 + ? i/ AgNO3 + ? Ag2CO3 + ?
i/ Pb2+ + S2- PbS 4/ Trong dung dch c th tn ti ng thi cc ion sau y c khng. Gii thch?
a/K + 2+ ,Cu ,Cl ,NO -,OH 3
b/K + ,Na + ,Ba 2+ ,Cl- ,NO3 ,OH 2c/ Na + ,Ca 2+ ,Ba 2+ ,CO3 ,Cl- ,OH-
+ f/ Na + ,K + ,NH 4 ,NO3- ,Clg/Ca 2+ ,Ba 2+ ,Cl- ,OH+ h/K + ,NH 4 ,Ba 2+ ,Cl- ,NO3 ,OH-
4 BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
Trong mt dung dch: s mol in tch dng = s mol in tch m Khi c cn mt dung dch mui: khi lng mui = khi lng cation (ion dng) + khi lng anion (ion m) V d: Mt dung dch cha a(mol) Na+ ; b(mol) Ca2+ ; c(mol) HCO3- ; d(mol) Cl-
Lp biu thc lin h gia a, b, c, d. Lp cng thc tnh khi lng mui trong dung dch. Gii : Tng s in tch (+) bng tng s in tch (-) cha trong cng mt dung dch. a.1 + b.2 = c.1 + d.1 KL mui = 23.a + 40.b + 61.c + 34,5.d 5. Mt dung dch cha a mol Na+, b mol Ca2+, c mol HCO 3 v d mol Cl- . Lp biu thc lin h gia a, b, c, d v cng thc tng khi lng mui trong dung dch. 6. Trong mt dung dch c cha a mol Ca2+, b mol Mg2+, c mol Cl-, d mol SO 2 . 4 a) Lp biu thc lin h gia a, b, c, d. b) Nu a = 0,1 ; c = 0,1 ; d = 0,3 th b bng bao nhiu ? T kt qu ny hy tnh tng khi lng cc mui c trong dung dch. 7. Mt dung dch c cha 2 loi cation Fe2+(0,1 mol) v Al3+(0,2 mol) cng 2 loi anion l Cl- (x mol) v SO 2 (y mol). Tnh x ,y . Bit rng khi c cn dung dch v lm khan thu c 46,9 gam 4 cht kt ta. 8. Mt dung dch cha x mol Cu2+, y mol K+; 0,03 mol Cl- v 0,02 mol SO 2 . Tng khi lng 4 cc mui tan c trong dung dch l 5,435 gam. Hy xc nh gi tr x v y. 9. Trong 200ml dung dch A c cha 0,2 mol ion Na+, 0,6 mol NH4+, 0,4mol H+, 0,2mol Cl-, 0,5 mol SO42-. Dung dch B cha hn hp hai hiroxit KOH 1M v Ba(OH) 2 2M. Cho 300ml dung dch B vo dung dch A, un nh. Tnh khi lng dung dch gim sau phn ng. 10. Hy xc nh tng khi lng ca cc mui c trong dung dch A cha cc ion Na +, NH + , 4 SO 2 , CO 3 . Bit rng : 4 - Khi cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d v un nng thu c 0,34 gam kh c th lm xanh giy qu m v 4,3 gam kt ta. - Khi cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 d th thu c 0,224 lt kh (ktc). 2 12. Dung dch A cha cc ion Na+, NH + , SO 2 , CO 3 . 4 4 a) Dung dch A trn c th iu ch t hai mui trung ho no ? b) Chia dung dch A lm hai phn bng nhau : - Phn th nht cho tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d ,un nng ta thu c 4,3 gam kt ta X v 470,4 ml kh Y 13,5oC v 1 atm. - Phn th hai cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 235,2 ml kh 13,5oC v 1 atm. Tnh tng khi lng cc mui trong dung dch A. 13. C hai dung dch, dung dch A v dung dch B. Mi dung dch ch cha 2 loi cation v 2 loi anion trong s cc ion sau : K+(0,15 mol) ; Mg2+(0,1 mol) ; NH + (0,25 mol) ; H+(0,2 mol) ; 4 Cl-(0,1 mol); SO 2 (0.075 mol) ; NO 3 (0,25 mol) ; CO 3 (0,15 mol). Xc nh dung dch A v 4 dung dch B.
2 2
BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
+ Trc tin quan st mu dung dch, xem th dung dch c mu g c trng hay khng. + Tip theo thng dng cc thuc th nh: qu tm, dd NaOH, dd Ba(OH) 2 nhn bit. 19. Phn bit cc dung dch sau cha rong cc bnh khng c nhn : NH4Cl , (NH4)2SO4 , BaCl2 , NaOH , Na2CO3 . 20. Ch dng thm mt ho cht hy phn bit cc dung dch sau : Na2CO3 , Na2SO3 , Na2SO4, Na2SiO3 v Na2S. 21. Hy phn bit cc cht rn sau : NaCl , Na2CO3 , Na2SO4 , BaCO3 , BaSO4 ( Ch dng thm 1 ho cht v nc). 22. Hy nu phng php nhn bit cc dung dch b mt nhn sau y: AlCl3, NaCl, MgCl2, H2SO4, NaOH 23. Bng phng php ho hc, hy nhn bit cc dung dch ng trong cc l mt nhn sau : Ba(OH)2 , H2SO4 , FeCl3,CuCl2 , NaCl , Na2CO3 , NH4Cl , (NH4)2SO4 . (Ch dng thm qu tm) 24. C cc l mt nhn cha dung dch cc cht AlCl3, ZnCl2, NaCl, MgCl2. Bng phng php ho hc hy nhn bit, vit phng trnh phn ng. 25. La chn mt ho cht thch hp phn bit cc dung dch mui: NH 4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, NaNO3, MgCl2, FeCl2, FeCl3, Al(NO3)3. 26. C 6 l khng nhn ng ring bit tng dung dch sau: K2CO3, (NH4)2SO4, MgSO4, Al2(SO4)3, FeSO4 v Fe2(SO4)3. Ch c dng mt thuc th hy nhn bit. (Dng dung dch NaOH) 27. C 4 bnh mt nhn, mi bnh cha mt hn hp dung dch sau y : K2CO3 v Na2SO4 ; KHCO3 v Na2CO3 ; KHCO3 v Na2SO4 ; Na2SO4 v K2SO4 . Trnh by phng php ho hc nhn bit 4 bnh ny m ch dng thm dung dch HCl v dung dch Ba(NO3)2 .
6 BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
- CTCT : N N CTPT : N2 II-TNH CHT VT L - L cht kh khng mu , khng mi , khng v, hi nh hn khng kh ( d = 28/29) , ha lng -196oC. - Nit t tan trong nc , ho lng v ho rn nhit rt thp .Khng duy tr s chy v s h hp . III-TNH CHT HO HC 1-Tnh oxi ho : Phn t nit c lin kt ba rt bn, nn nit kh tr v mt ha hc nhit thng. a) Tc dng vi hidr : nhit cao , p sut cao v c xc tc .Nit phn ng vi hidr to amoniac . y l phn ng thun nghch v to nhit :
0 to,p,xt 3
N2 + 3H2 2NH3 H = -92KJ b)Tc dng vi kim loi - nhit thng nit ch tc dng vi liti to liti nitrua : - nhit cao , nit tc dng vi nhiu kim loi :
3Mg + N2 Mg3N2
2-Tnh kh: - nhit cao ( 30000C) Nit phn ng vi oxi to nit monoxit
0 +2
N2 + O2 2NO ( khng mu ) - iu kin thng , nit monoxit tc dng vi oxi khng kh to nit dioxit mu nu
+2 +4
2NO + O2 2NO2 Nit th hin tnh kh khi tc dng vi nguyn t c m in ln hn. - Cc oxit khc ca nit :N2O , N2O3, N2O5 khng iu ch c trc tip t ni v oxi IV- IU CH : a) Trong cng nghip: Nit c sn xut bng cch chng ct phn on khng kh lng b) Trong phng th tnghim : Nhit phn mui nitrit o NH4NO2 N2 + 2H2O to NH4Cl + NaNO2 N2 + NaCl +2H2O Cu 1. Chn cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t nhm VA: A.ns2np5 B. ns2np3 C. ns2np2 D. ns2np4 Cu 2. Nit phn ng c vi tt c cc cht trong nhm no sau y to ra hp cht kh. A. Li, Mg, Al C. Li, H2, Al B. H2 ,O2 D. O2 ,Ca,Mg Cu 3. Trong phng th nghim, Nit tinh khit c iu ch t . A. Khng kh B.NH3 ,O2 C.NH4NO2 D.Zn v HNO3 Cu 4. N2 th hin tnh kh trong phn ng vi : A. H2 B. O2 C. Li D. Mg Cu 5. Mt oxit Nit c CT NOx trong N chim 30,43% v khi lng. Cng thc ca oxit Nit l : A. NO B. NO2 C. N2O2 D. N2O5 Cu 6. Th tch kh N2 (kc) thu c khi nhit phn 10g NH4NO2 l A. 11,2 l B. 5,6 l C. 3,56 l D. 2,8 l Cu 7. Mt nguyn t R c hp cht vi Hidr l RH3 oxit cao nht ca R cha 43,66 % khi lng R .Nguyn t R l : A. Nit B. Photpho C. Vanadi D. Mt kt qu khc Cu 8. Dy cht no sau y trong nit c s oxi ha tng dn: A/ NH3, N2, NO, N2O, AlN B/ NH4Cl, N2O5, HNO3, Ca3N2, NO C/ NH4Cl, NO, NO2, N2O3, HNO3 D/ NH4Cl, N2O, N2O3, NO2, HNO3 Cu 9. Xc nh cht (A) v (B) trong chui sau : + O2 + H 2 (xt, t o , p) + O2 (Pt, t o ) N2 NH3 (A) (B) HNO3 A/ (A) l NO, (B) l N2O5 B/ (A) l N2, (B) l N2O5
BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
C/ (A) l NO, (B) l NO2 D/ (A) l N2, (B) l NO2 Cu 10. Trn 200 ml dung dch natri nitrat 3M vi 200 ml dung dch amoniclorua 2M ri un nng cho n khi phn ng thc hin xong. Xc nh th tch kh sinh ra (kc) v nng mol ca cc mui trong dung dch sau phn ng. Cu 11. Nguyn t nit c s oxi ha l bao nhiu trong cc hp cht sau: NO, NO2, NH3, NH4Cl, N2O , N2O3 , N2O5 , Mg3N2.? Cu 12. Mt hn hp N2 v H2 c t khi i vi H2 l 4,9. Cho hn hp i qua cht xc tc nung nng, ngi ta c mt hn hp mi c t khi i vi H2 = 6,125. Tnh hiu sut N2 chuyn thnh NH3. Cu 13. Cho hn hp ng th tch N2 v H2 c cho qua bt st nung nng th c 60% H2 tham gia phn ng.Hy xc nh thnh phn % theo th tch cc kh trong hn hp to thnh. Cu 14. Cn ly bao nhiu lt N2 v H2 (kc) iu ch c 51g NH3. Bit hiu sut phn ng l 25%.
4 NO + 6H2O
1. Trong cong nghiep:Tong hp t nit va hiro: N2(k) + 3H2(k) 2NH3(k) H < O o Nhiet o: 450 5000C o Ap suat cao t 200 300 atm o Chat xuc tac: sat kim loai c tron them Al2O3, K2O,... Lm lnh hn hp kh bay ra, NH3 ha lng c tch ring. B. MUOI AMONI: La tinh the ion gom cation NH4+ va anion goc axit. I. Tnh chat vat l: Tan nhieu trong nc, ien li hoan toan thanh cac ion, ion NH4+ khong mau. II. Tnh chat hoa hoc: 1- Tac dung vi dung dch kiem: (e nhan biet ion amoni, ieu che amoniac trong phong th nghiem) o (NH4)2SO4 + 2NaOH t NH4+ + OH- 2NH3 + 2H2O + Na2SO4 ;
8 BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
NH3 + H2O 2 Phan ng nhiet phan: - Muoi amoni cha goc cua axit khong co tnh oxi hoa khi un nong b phan huy thanh NH3 o o Th d: NH4Cl(r) t (NH 4)2CO3(r) t NH3(k) + HCl(k) NH3(k) + NH4HCO3(r) o NH4HCO3 t NH3 + CO2 + H2O ; NH4HCO3 c dng lm xp bnh. - Muoi amoni cha goc cua axit co tnh oxi hoa nh axit nitr, axit nitric khi b nhiet phan cho ra N2, N2O ( init oxit) o o Th du: NH4NO2 t NH4NO3 t N2 + 2H2O N2O + 2H2O Nhit ln ti 500oC , ta c phn ng: 2NH4NO3 2 N2 + O2 + 4H2O BI TP T LUN 1. Thc hin chui phn ng sau (ghi k nu c). a) N2 NH3 NO NO2 HNO3 KNO3 b) NH3 HCl NH4Cl NH3 Cu Cu(NO3)2 c) Kh Add A B Kh A C D + H2O 2. Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng ha hc sau y t0 a) ? + OHNH3 + ? 0
t
b) (NH4)3PO4 NH3 + ? t0 c) NH4Cl + NaNO2 ? + ? + ? t0 d) ? N2O + H2O t0 e) (NH4)2SO4 ? + Na2SO4 + H2O t0 f) ? NH3 + CO2 + H2O 3. Cho lng d kh NH3 i t t qua ng s cha 3,2g CuO nung nng n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton ,thu c cht rn A v hn hp kh .Cht A phn ng va vi 20 ml dd HCl 1 M. a) Vit phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng? b) Tnh th tch kh nit (kc) c to thnh sau phn ng? 4. Dn 1,344 l NH3 vo bnh cha 0,672 l kh Clo (cc kh o ktc). a) Tnh % V hn hp kh sau phn ng ? b) tnh khi lng mui amoni clorua thu c? 5. Cho dung dch NH3 (d) vo 20ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3, lc ly kt ta v cho vo 10ml dung dch NaOH 2M th tan ht. a) Vit phng trnh ha hc xy ra di dng phn t v ion rt gn. b) Tnh nng mol/lt ca cc ion Al3+ , SO42 v ca Al2(SO4)3 trong dung dch. 6. Cho dd Ba(OH)2 n d vo 50 ml dd A c cha cc ion NH4+, SO42- ,NO3-.C trong 11,65g mt kt ta c to ra v un nng th c 4,48 lt (kc) mt cht kh bay ra . a) Vit phng trnh phn t v phng trnh ion ca cc phn ng xy ra b) Tnh nng mol/lt ca mi mui trong dd A? 7. Cho 1,12 lt NH3 ktc tc dng vi 16g CuO nung nng, sau phn ng cn mt cht rn X cn li. a) Tnh khi lng cht rn X cn li. b) Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 0,5M tc dng vi X. Bai 3: Axit Nitric va muoi Nitrat A. AXIT NITRIC I. Cau tao phan t : O - CTPT: HNO3 CTCT: H-ON O Nit co so oxi hoa cao nht la +5 I. Tnh chat hoa hoc
BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
1. Tnh axit: L mt trong s cc axit mnh nht, trong dung dch: HNO3 H+ + NO3 - Dung dch axit HNO3 c y tnh cht ca mt dung dch axit : lm qu tm , tc dng vi oxit baz, baz, mui ca axit yu hn. CuO + 2HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + H2O ; Ba(OH)2 + 2HNO3 Ba(NO3)2 + 2H2O CaCO3 + 2HNO3 Ca(NO3)2 + CO2 + H2O 2. Tnh oxi hoa: Tuy vao nong o cua axit va ban chat cua chat kh ma HNO3 co the b kh en: NO, NO2, N2O, N2, NH4NO3. a) Vi kim loai: HNO3 oxi hoa hau het cac kim loai ( tr vang va platin ) khong giai phong kh H2, do ion NO3- co kha nang oxi hoa manh hn H+.Khi kim loi b oxi ha n mc oxi ho cao nht. - Vi nhng kim loai co tnh kh yeu nh : Cu, Agth HNO3 ac b kh en NO2 ; HNO3 loang b kh en NO. Vd: Cu + 4HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H 2O. 3Cu + 8HNO3long 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H 2O. - Khi tac dung vi nhng kim loai co tnh kh manh hn nh : Mg, Zn, Al. + HNO3 ac b kh en NO2 ; + HNO3 loang c th b kh n N2O , N2 hoc NH4NO3. + Fe, Al b thu ong hoa trong dung dch HNO3 ac nguoi. b) Vi phi kim: Khi un nong HNO3 ac co the tac dung c vi C, P, S V du: S + 6HNO3() H2SO4 + 6NO2 + 2H2O Thay thoat kh mau nau co NO2 . khi nho dung dich BaCl2 thay co ket tua mau trang co ion SO42-. c) Vi hp chat: - H2S, Hl, SO2, FeO, mui st (II) c th tc dng vi HNO3 nguyn t b oxi ho trong hp cht chuyn ln mc oxi ho cao hn. V d nh : 3FeO + 10HNO3(d) 3Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 5H2O 3H2S + 2HNO3(d) 3S + 2NO + 4H2O - Nhiu hp cht hu c nh giy, vi, du thng bc chy khi tip xc vi HNO3 c. V. ieu che t0 1-Trong phong th nghiem: NaNO3 r + H2SO4 HNO3 + NaHSO4 2- Trong cong nghiep: - c san xuat t amoniac: NH3 NO NO2 HNO3 - t0 = 850-900oC, xt : Pt : 4NH3 +5O2 4NO +6H2O ; H = 907kJ - Oxi hoa NO thanh NO2 : 2NO + O2 2NO2 - Chuyen hoa NO2 thanh HNO3: 4NO2 +2H2O +O2 4HNO3 . Dung dch HNO3 thu c co nong o 60 62%. Chng cat vi H2SO4 am ac thu c dung dch HNO3 96 98% . B. MUOI NITRAT 1. Tnh chat vat ly: De tan trong nc , la chat ien li manh trong dung dch, chung phan li hoan toan thanh cac ion V du: Ca(NO3)2 Ca2+ + 2NO3- Ion NO3- khong co mu, mau cua mot so muoi nitrat la do mau
10 BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
cua cation kim loai. Mot so muoi nitrat de b chay ra nh NaNO3, NH4NO3. 2.. Tnh chat hoa hoc: Cac muoi nitrat de b phan huy khi un nong a) Muoi nitrat cua cac kim loai hoat ong (trc Mg): t0 t 0 Nitrit + O Nitrat 2KNO3 2KNO2 + O2 2 b) Muoi nitrat cua cac kim loai t Mg Cu:
t0 Nitrat t0 2Cu(NO3)2 2CuO
+ 4NO2 + O2
t0
2AgNO3
2Ag +
2NO2 + O2 3. Nhn bit ion nitrat (NO3) Trong mi trng axit , ion NO3 th hin tinh oxi ha ging nh HNO3. Do thuc th dng nhn bit ion NO3 l hn hp vn ng v dung dch H2SO4 long, un nng. Hin tng : dung dch c mu xanh, kh khng mu ha nu trong khng kh. 3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3 3Cu2+ + 2 NO + 4H2O (dd mu xanh) 2NO + O2 ( khng kh) 2NO2 ( mu nu )
BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
11
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
b. Tm CM cua dung dch muoi va dung dch HNO3 sau phan ng ( coi the tch dung dch sau phan ng khong thay oi). 8. T NH3 iu ch HNO3 qua 3 giai on . a) Vit phng trnh iu ch . b) Tnh khi lng dung dch HNO3 60% iu ch c t 112000 lt NH3(kc) bit Hp/ng= 80% 9. Ho tan hon ton 3,84 kim loi M trong dung dch HNO3Ld thu c 0,896 lt kh NO(kc), c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m gam mui khan .Xc nh kim loi M v gi tr m . 10. Ho tan ht 9,6g Cu ngi ta dng mt lng va 250ml dd Axit HNO3 thu c kh NO v dd A. a- Tnh th tch kh NO sinh ra 27,3oC v 2,2atm. b- Tnh nng mol/l dd HNO3 cn dng . c- C cn dd A ri nung nng n khi ngng bay hi. Tnh khi lng cht rn cn li sau khi nung . 11. Khi ha tan 30,0g hn hp ng v ng (II) oxit trong 1,50 lt dung dch axit nitric 1,00M ( long) thy thot ra 6,72 lt nit monooxit (ktc). Xc nh hm lng phn trm ca ng (II) oxit trong hn hp, nng mol ca ng (II) nitrat v axit nitric trong dungdich5 sao phn ng, bit rng th tch dung dch khng thay i.
canxi photphua
b) Tnh kh: Photpho th hin tnh kh khi tc dng vi cc phi kim hot ng nh oxi, halozen, lu hunh cng nh vi cc cht oxi ha mnh khc Tc dng vi oxi: Khi t nng, photpho chy trong khng kh to ra cc oxit ca photpho : Thiu oxi : 4 P + 3O2 2 P2 O3 clorua: Thiu clo : 2 P + 3Cl2 2 P Cl3
0 +3 photpho triclorua 0 +3 diphotpho trioxit
D Oxi : 4 P + 5O2
diphotpho pentaoxit
2 P2 O5
+5
Tc dng vi clo: Khi cho clo i qua P nng chy, s thu c cc hp cht photpho
D clo : 2 P + 5Cl2
0
photpho pentaclorua
2 P Cl5
+5
2. iu ch : Trong cng nghip, photpho c sn xut bng cch nung hn hp qung photphorit, ct v than cc khong 1200oC trong l in: o t Ca3 ( PO4 ) 2 + 3SiO2 + 5C 3CaSiO3 + 2 P + 5CO Hi photpho thot ra c ngng t khi lm lnh, thu c photpho trng dng rn. B/ AXIT PHTPHORIC : Cng thc cu to :
12 BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
HO HO HO P=O
Hay
HO HO HO P O
1. Tnh cht vt l: L cht rn dng tinh th trong sut, khng mu, nng chy 42,5oC. d chy ra v tan v hn trong nc. 2. Tnh cht ha hc: a) Tnh oxi ha kh: Axt photphoric kh b kh (do P mc oxi ha +5 bn hn so vi N trong axit nitric) , khng c tnh oxi ha. b) Tnh axit: Axt photphoric l axit c 3 ln axit, c mnh trung bnh. Trong dung dch n phn li ra 3 nc: H3PO4 + + H2PO4- k1 = 7, 6.10-3 H H2PO4 H+ + HPO42- k2 = 6,2.10-8 nc 1 > nc 2 > nc 3 2+ 3-13 HPO4 H + PO4 k3 = 4,4.10 Dung dch axt photphoric c nhng tnh cht chung ca axit nh lm qu tm ha , tc dng vi oxit baz, baz, mui, kim loi. Khi tc dng vi oxit baz, baz ty theo lng cht tc dng m axt photphoric to ra mui trung ha, mui axit hoc hn hp mui: H3PO4 + NaOH NaH2PO4 + H2O H3PO4 + 2NaOH Na2HPO4 + 2H2O H3PO4 + 3NaOH Na3PO4 + 3H2O 3. iu ch : a) Trong phng th nghim: P + 5HNO3 H3PO4 + H2O + 5NO2 b) Trong cng nghip: + Cho H2SO4 c tc dng vi qung photphorit hoc qung apatit: Ca3(PO4)2 + 3H2SO4 3CaSO4 + 2H3PO4 iu ch bng phng php ny khng tinh khit v lng cht thp + iu ch H3PO4 c tinh khit v nng cao hn ngi ta t chy P c P2O5 ri cho P2O5 tc dng vi nc : 4P + 5O2 2P2O5 P2O5 + 3H2O 2H3PO4 C/ MUI PHTPHAT: Axt photphoric to ra 3 loi mui: - Mui photphat trung ha:Na3PO4, Ca3(PO4)2, - Mui ihidrophotphat: NaH2PO4, Ca(H2PO4)2, - Mui hidrophotphat: Na2HPO4, CaHPO4 1.Tnh tan: Tt c cc mui ihidrophotphat u tan trong nc.Cc mui hidrophotphat v photphat trung ha u khng tan hoc t tan trong nc ( tr mui natri, kali, amoni ). 2. Nhn bit ion photphat: Thuc th l bc nitrat. 3Ag+ + PO43- 3PO4 (mu vng) Ag 1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng thc hin s chuyn ha sau: P2O3 P2O5 H3PO4 Na3PO4 Ag3PO4 P H3PO4 Ca3(PO4)2 Ca(H2PO4)2 CaHPO4 Ca3(PO4)2 2. Dng phng php ha hc hy phn bit cc l mt nhn sau: a) 3 dung dch : HCl , HNO3 , H3PO4. b) 4 dung dch : Na2SO4 , NaNO3 , Na2SO3 , Na3PO4. 3. t chy hon ton 6,2g photpho trong oxi d. Cho sn phm to thnh tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH 32% to ra mui Na2HPO4. a) Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra. b) Tnh khi lng dung dch NaOH dng. c) Tnh nng % ca mui trong dung dch thu c sau phn ng . 4. thu c mui photphat trung ha, cn ly bao nhiu ml dd NaOH 1,00M cho tc dng vi 50,0ml dung dch H3PO4 0,50M ? 5. Cho 50,00 ml dung dch H3PO4 0,50M vo dung dch KOH.
BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
13
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
a) Nu mun thu c mui trung ha th cn bao nhiu ml dung dch KOH 1,00M ? b) Nu cho H3PO4 trn vo 50,00 ml dung dch KOH 0,75M th thu c mui g c nng mol/lt l bao nhiu ? (bit V dung dch thu c l 100,00ml). 6. Cho 44g NaOH vo dung dch cha 39,2g H3PO4. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton , em c dung dch thu c n cn kh. Hi nhng mui no c to nn v khi lng mui khan thu c l bao nhiu ? CHNG III: CACBON - SILIC I. KIN THC CN NM VNG 1. Nhm Cacbon: - V tr: nhm IVA; thnh phn: C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb ; CHE: ns2np2 - Cc tnh cht bin i c quy lut ca n cht v hp cht: C-----> Pb. 2. n cht. Cacbon (C) Cu hnh e Tnh cht 1s22s22p2 Tnh kh - Tnh oxi ha T cc cht c trong t nhin Silic (Si) 1s22s22p63s23p2 - Tnh kh - Tnh oxi ha PTN: SiO2 + Mg CN: SiO2 + CaC2
iu ch
14 BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
3. Hp cht. Tn Cacbon ioxit CTHH CO2 Axit Silixic Mui Silicat Tnh cht Kh, nng hn KK. L mt oxit axit Tnh oxi ha yu Kh, bn, c L mt oxit khng to mui. L cht kh mnh Km bn Phn li 2 nc To c 2 loi mui (cacbonat v hirocacbonat D tan Tc dng vi axit, baz Nhit phn Khng tan trong nc Tan chm trong dung dch kim Tan trong dd HF C trong t nhin ( ct, thch anh...) iu ch - PTN: CaCO3 + HCl - CN: nhit phn CaCO3 C + O2 PTN: HCOOH/ H2SO4 c. CN: C + H2O C+ CO2 CO2 + H2O
Cacbon monoxit
CO
Axit cacbonic
H2CO2
Mui cacbonat
CO32-
Silic ioxit
SiO2
H2SiO3 L axit rt yu (< H2CO3) SiO32Ch c mui ca kim loi kim tan c.
BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
15
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
16 BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
Bi 6. Khi nhit phn 0,5kg vi cha 92% CaCO3 thu c bao nhiu ml kh CO2(ktc). cn dng ti thiu bao nhiu lm dung dch NaOH 20%(d=1,22g/ml) hp th ht lng kh CO2 . Bi 7. C hn hp 3 mui NH4HCO3, NaHCO3 v Ca(HCO3)2. Khi nung 48,8 gam hn hp n khi lng khng i thu c 16,2 b rn. Ch ha b rn vi dung dch axt HCl thu c 2,24 lt(ktc) kh. Xc nh thnh phn phn trm ca hn hp mui. Bi 8. Cho 3,8 gam hn hp Na2CO3 v NaHCO3 tc dng vi dd HCl sinh ra 896 ml kh. Hi dng bao nhiu ml dung dch axit HCl 20%( d=1,1). Xc nh thnh phn phn trm ca hn hp mui.
DNG 4: BI TP V TNH KH CA C, CO
Lu : CO ch kh c cc oxit ca kim loi ng sau Al trong dy hot ng ha hc. Phng php: bo tan electron, bo ton nguyn t, bo tan khi lng gii nhanh. Bi 1. Dn kh CO d qua ng ng bt mt oxit st (FexOy) nhit cao. Sau khi phn ng kt thcthu c 0,84 gam st v dn kh sinh ra vo nc vi trong d th thu c 2 gam kt ta. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca FexOy. Hng dn: nCaCO3 = 2/100 = 0,02 mol; nFe = 0,84/56 = 0,015 mol Phn ng : FexOy + yCO ----> xFe + yCO2 0,02x/y 0,02 CO2 + Ca(OH)2 ------> CaCO3 + H2O 0,02 0,02 Ta cso nFe = 0,02x/y = 0,015 ==> 0,015/0,02 = Vy CTPT ca oxit l Fe2O3 Bi 2. Kh 16 gam hn hp cc oxit kim loi : FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, CuO v PbO bng kh CO nhit cao, khi lng cht rn thu c l 11,2 gam. Tnh th tch kh CO tham gia phn ng (ktc). Hng dn: p dung LBT khi lng nCO2 = nCO = x mol moxit + mCO = mcht rn +mCO2 28x 44x = 11,2 16==> x = 0,3. Vy VCO = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72 lit Bi 3. Dn kh CO qua ng s cha 15,2 gam hn hp CuO, FeO nung nng thu c 13,6 gam cht rn (A) v hn hp kh(B). Sc ht kh B vo dung dich nc vi trong d thu c a gam kt ta C. Xc nh A, B, C. Tnh a p n: a = 10 gam Bi 4. t chy hon ton 68g hn hp kh H2 v CO cn dng 89,6 ltkh O2(ktc). Xc nh phn trm v th tch v khi lng ca hn hp kh trn. Bi 5. Khi t chy ht 3,6g C trong bnh kn cha 4,48 lt kh O 2(ktc) sinh ra 1 hn hp gm hai kh. Xc nh thnh phn phn trm ca hn hp kh . Bi 6. Cho 5,6 lt (ktc) kh CO2 i qua than t nng ri cho sn phm thu c i qua ng t nng ng 72g oxit ca mt kim loi ha tr 2. Hi mun ho tan sn phm rn thu c trong ng sau khi phn ng cn dng bao nhiu ml dung dch HNO3 32%( d= 1,2), bit rng oxit ca kim loi cha 20% kh oxi? Bi 7. Cho kh thu c khi kh 16g Fe2O3 bng CO i qua 99,12 ml dung dch KOH 15%( d= 1,13). Tnh lng kh CO kh st v lng mui to thnh trong dung dch. Bi 8. Khi cho 22,4 lt(ktc) hn hp hai kh CO v CO2 i qua than nng ( khng c mt khng kh) th tch ca hn hp kh tng ln 5,6 lt (ktc). Khi cho hn hp kh sn phm ny qua dung dch Ca(OH)2 thu c 20,25g Ca(HCO3)2. Xc nh thnh phn phn trm v hn hp kh ban u.
BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
17
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
Vay sau phan ng lng NaOH d va muoi thu c la Na2CO3 CO2 + 2NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O nCO2 = nNa2CO3 = 0,03 nNaOH = 2nCO2 = 0,06 Khoi lng muoi Na2CO3 thu c la: 0,03 x 106 = 3,18 gam So mol NaOH d : 0,075 0,06 = 0,015 mol Khoi lng NaOH d : 0,015 x 40= 0,6 gam Bi 1. Dn kh CO2 c iu ch bng cch cho 100gam CaCO3 tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, i qua dung dch c cha 60 gam NaOH. Hy cho bit lng mui natri iu ch c. Hng dn: PTP: CaCO3 + 2HCl = CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O nCO2 = nCaCO3= 100/100 = 1mol nNaOH = 60/40 = 1,5 mol nCO2 /nNaOH = 1/1,5 < 1/2 Vy sn phm ch 2 mui PTP: CO2 + 2NaOH = Na2CO3 + H2O
18 BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
CO2 + NaOH = NaHCO3 Gi s mol CO2 trong p 1 l x Gi s mol CO2 trong p 2l y Ta c HPT : x + y = 1 x= 0,5 2x + y = 1,5 y = 0,5 Khi lng mui thu c l: m = 0,5.106 + 0,5.84 = 42 gam. Gi s mol CO2 trong p 1 l x Gi s mol CO2 trong p 2l x Bi 2. Cho 2,464 lt kh CO2 (ktc) i qua dung dch NaOH sinh ra 11,44 gam hn hp 2 mui l Na2CO3 v NaHCO3 . Hy xc nh s gam ca mi mui trong hn hp. Hng dn: PTP: CO2 + 2NaOH = Na2CO3 + H2O CO2 + NaOH = NaHCO3 Gi s mol CO2 trong p 1 l x Gi s mol CO2 trong p 2l x Ta c h phng trnh: x + y = 2,464/22,4 = 0,11 106x + 84y = 11,44 Gii HPT ta c x = 0,1 y= 0,01 Khi lng ca Na2CO3l 0,1.106 = 10,6 gam Khi lng ca NaHCO3 l 0,01.84 = 0,84 gam Bi 3. Cho 6 lt hn hp kh CO2 v N2 (ktc) i qua dung dch KOH , to ra c 2,07 gam K2CO3 v 6 gam KHCO3. Hy xc nh thnh phn phn trm theo th tch kh CO2 trong hn hp. Hng dn: Tng t v d 2 p n: %VCO2 = 28% Bi 4. Cho 10 lt hn hp kh (ktc) gm c N2, v CO2 i qua 2 lit dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,02M, thu c 1 gam kt ta. Hy xc nh % theo th tch CO2 trong hn hp. Hng dn: Trng hp 1: s mol CO2tham gia phn ng t hn s mol Ca(OH)2: CO2 + Ca(OH)2 = CaCO3 + H2O nCO2 = nCaCO3 =1/100 = 0,01 mol VCO2 = 0,01.22,4 = 0,224 lt %VCO2 = 0,224.100 = 2,24% 10.100
Trng hp 2: S mol CO2 nhiu hn s mol Ca(OH)3 PTP: CO2 + Ca(OH)2 = CaCO3 + H2O 2CO2 + Ca(OH)2 = Ca(HCO3)2 Gi s mol Ca(OH)2tham gia p 1 l: x Gi s mol Ca(OH)2tham gia p 2 l: y Ta c HPT x + y = 2.0,02 = 0,04 x = 1/100 = 0,01 mol Vy y = 0,03 mol. Tng s mol CO2 tham gia c 2 phn ng l: x +2y = 0,07 mol VCO2= 0,07.22,4 = 1,568 lt 1,568.100 %VCO2 = = 15,68% 22,4.100
BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
19
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
Bi 5. Hp th hon ton 4,48 lt kh CO2(ktc) vo 500ml dung dch NaOH thu c 17,9 gam mui. Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch NaOH. Bi 6. Ha tan ht 2,8g CaO vo nc c dung dch A. Cho 1,68 lt kh CO 2(ktc) vo dung dch A. Hi c bao nhiu mui c to thnh v khi lng l bao nhiu. Bi 7. Xc nh phn trm v th tch ca hn hp kh gm N 2, CO v CO2 bit rng khi cho 10 lt(ktc) hn hp kh i qua mt lng nc vi trong, ri qua ng (II) oxit un nng, th thu c 10g kt ta v 6,35g ng. Nu cng ly 10l(ktc) hn hp i qua ng ng ng (II) oxit t nng, ri i qua mt lng nc vi trong d, th thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
2. NH4Cl NH3 N2 NO2 HNO3 NaNO3 NaNO2 3. Ca3(PO4)2 H3PO4 NaH2PO4 Na2HPO4 Na3PO4 Ag3PO4 4. CO CO2 NaHCO3 Na2CO3 CaCO3 Ca(HCO3)2 CO2 CO Cu Cu(NO3)2 CuO 5. C CO2 Na2CO3 NaOH Na2SiO3 H2SiO3 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 8. C CO2 Na2CO3 NaOH Na2SiO3 CO2 + H2O.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 9. CaCO3 CaO Ca(OH)2 Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 CO2
Bi 1: Vit phng trnh in li ca cc cht sau y: a. H 2SO4 , HNO3 , H2 S, HCl, HClO4 , CH3 COOH . b. NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH) 2 , Ba(OH)2 . c. NaCl, CuCl2 , Al2 (SO4 )3 , FeCl3 , Mg(NO3 )2 , K2 S, Na2 SO4 , K2 CO3 , d. NaClO, KClO3 , NaHSO4 , NH4 Cl, CaCl2 , NaClO2 , NaHS, Fe2 (SO4 )3 , Na3 PO4 , Na2 HPO4 e. H 2 CO3 , H 2SO3 , H3 PO4 , H2 C2 O4 .
Bi 2: Vit phng trnh phn ng dng phn t v dng ion thu gn: 20 BI TP V NH MN HA 11
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
1/ BaCl2 v H2SO4. 2/ BaCl2 v NaOH. 3/ NaCl v AgNO3. 4/ FeCl2 v NaOH. 5/ Na2S v HCl. 6/ Na2SO3 v HNO3. 7/ CuS v HCl.
8/ K2CO3 v HCl. 9/ Na2S v CuSO4 10/ Al(OH)3 v HCl 11/Zn(OH)2v HNO3 12/Zn(OH)2v NaOH 13/ CaCl2 v AgNO3 14/ Pb(NO3)2 v Al2(SO4)3
15/ Fe2(SO4)3 v NaOH 16/ CH3COONa v HCl 17/ (NH4)2SO4 v Ba(OH)2 18/ NH4Cl v Ba(OH)2 19/ Ba(NO3)2 v CuSO4 20/ Al(OH)3 v NaOH.
a. Fe(OH)2 + H2SO4 long c. Na2CO3 + Ca(NO3)2 e. NaHCO3 + HCl b. NaHCO3 + NaOH d. FeSO4 + NaOH f. K2CO3 + HCl Bi 3: Bng phng php ha hc nhn bit cc cht trong cc l mt nhn sau, Vit phng trnh ha hc ca cc phn ng c dng nhn bit. a. Cc dung dch: NaCl, NaNO3, Na2CO3, K2SO4, K3PO4, NH4NO3 b. Cc dung dch: Na2CO3, NaCl, Na2SO4 c. Cc dung dch: (NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3, FeSO4, MgCl2 d. Cc dung dch: HCl, HNO3, H3PO4 e. Cc dung dch : Na3PO4, NaCl, NaBr, Na2S, NaNO3 f. Cc dung dch: HCl, NaOH, Na2CO3, (NH4)2CO3, CaCl2 ( ch dng qu tm) g. Cc dung dch : (NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3, Na2SO4, NaNO3 (dng 1 ha cht) Bi 5: Vit phn ng nhit phn cc mui sau: NH4Cl , (NH4)2CO3 , NH4HCO3 , NH4NO3 , NH4NO2 , Ca(NO3)2 , NaNO3 , Al(NO3)3 , Cu(NO3)2 , AgNO3 , Fe(NO3)2 , Fe(NO3)3, MgCO3 , NaHCO3 , Ca(HCO3)2.
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
Bi 6: Nung 26,8 gam hn hp CaCO3 v MgCO3 n khi lng khng i thu c a gam cht rn v 6,72 lt CO2 (ktc).Tm gi tr a ? Bi 7: Nung nng 66,2 g Pb(NO3)2 , thu c 55,4 gam rn. Tnh hiu sut ca phn ng phn hy. Bi 8: Nung a gam Cu (NO3)2 n phn ng hon ton thu c 54g cht kh. Tm a. Bi 9: Cho 35,2gam hon hp gom Cu va CuO tac dung vi 300ml dung dch HNO3 thu c 4,48lt kh NO(ktc). Tnh nong o mol/lit cua dung dch HNO3. Bi 10: Cho 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1M tac dung vi 50 ml dung dch H3PO4, sau phn ng thu c mui hirophotphat. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch H3PO4. Bi 11: Khi cho oxit ca mt kim loi ha tr n tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 d th to thnh 34,0 g mui nitrat v 3,6 gam nc (khng c sn phm khc). Hi l oxit ca kim loi no v khi lng ca oxit kim loi phn ng l bao nhiu ? Bi 12: Nhit phn hon ton 27,3 gam hn hp rn X gm NaNO3 v Cu(NO3)2, thu c hn hp kh c th tch 6,72 lt (ktc). a. Vit phng trnh ha hc ca cc phn ng xy ra. b. Tnh thnh phn % v khi lng ca mi mui trong hn hp X. Bi 13: Khi cho 3g hn hp Cu v Al tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c , un nng sinh ra 4,48lit kh duy nht l NO2 (ktc) . Xc nh thnh phn % ca hn hp ban u ? Bi 14: Cho 6g P2O5 vo 25ml dung dch H3PO4 6% ( D=1,03g/ml) . Tnh nng % ca H3PO4 trong dung dch to thnh ? Bi 15: Cho 1,86 g hn hp Mg v Al vo dung dch HNO3 long d thy c 560 ml (kc) kh N2O duy nht thot ra. Tnh phn trm khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp. Bi 16: Ho tan ht 12 g hp kim Fe v Cu bng dung dch HNO3 c, nng c 11,2 lt kh NO2 (ktc). Tnh % m Fe trong hp kim. Bi 17: Cho 6,4 gam Cu tan hon ton vo 200 ml dung dch HNO3 thu c mt hn hp kh gm NO v NO2. Bit t khi ca hn hp kh so vi hidro l 18. Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch HNO3 dng. Bi 18: Cho 80,37 gam hn hp gm Zn v ZnO tc dng ht vi 3 lit dung dch HNO3 1 M (axit d) thu c 13,44 lit kh NO (ktc). a. Tnh phn trm khi lng hn hp ban u. b. Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch thu c sau phn ng. Xem th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k. Bi 19: Khi ho tan 40,0 g hn hp gm Cu v CuO trong dung dch HNO3 1,00M ly d thy thot ra 8,96 lt kh NO (ktc) . a. Tnh % khi lng trong hn hp u. b. Tnh V dung dch HNO3 cn dng cho phn ng. Bi 20: Cho 12,8 gam kim loi M ha tr II tc dng va vi 110 gam dung dch HNO3 c thu c 94,4 gam dung dch mui v V lt kh NO2 (ktc). a. Xc nh tn kim loi. b. Tnh % dung dch HNO3 dng.
22 BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
Bi 21: em nung nng Cu(NO3)2 mt thi gian, ngui, em cn li thy khi lng gim 54g. Tnh khi lng Cu(NO3)2 b nhit phn. Bi 22: Nung 15,04 gam mui Cu(NO3)2 sau cng thy cn li 8,56 gam cht rn.Tnh % khi lng Cu(NO3)2 b phn hy v V kh thot ra ktc. Bi 23: a. Ha tan 14,2g P2O5 trong dung dch 250g H3PO4 9,8%. Tnh nng dung dch axit H3PO4 mi. b. Cho 40g dung dch NaOH 10% tc dng vi 10g dung dch H3PO4 39,2%.Tnh kh.lng mui to thnh. c. Trn 50 ml dung dch H3PO4 1M vi V ml dung dch KOH 1M thu c mui trung ha. Tnh V. d. Trn ln 100ml dung dch NaOH 1M vi 50ml dung dch H3PO4 1M. Tnh CM ca mui trong dung dch thu c. e. Cho 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M tc dng vi 200ml dung dch H3PO4 1M. Tnh CM ca cc cht trong dung dch thu c. Bi 24: a. Cho hp th hon ton 1,12 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 100ml dung dch NaOH 0,75M. b. Hp th ht 4,48 lt CO2 (ktc) vo 500 ml dung dch NaOH thu c 17,9 gam mui. Tnh CM dung dch NaOH. c. Dn kh CO2 (ktc) c iu ch bng cch cho 100 gam CaCO3 tc dng vi dung dch HCl d qua dung dch c cha 60 gam NaOH. Hy tnh lng mui iu ch c. d. Ha tan hon ton 2,8 gam CaO vo nc c dung dch A. Cho 1,68 lt kh CO2(ktc) vo dung dch A. Hi c bao nhiu gam mui to thnh. Bi 25: Kh 32 gam Fe2O3 bng kh CO d, sn phm kh thu c cho vo bnh ng nc vi trong thu c a gam cht kt ta. Tnh a.
PHN 2: HP CHT HU C
1/ Cach thiet lap CTGN:
1. XC NH CTGN V CTPT
-Goi CTPT cua hp chat o la: CxHyOz (x,y,z: So nguyen dng) -Lap t le : m m m * x:y:z = nC : nH :nO = C : H : O 12 1 16 %C %H %O : : Hoac x:y:z = = a:b:c 12 1 16 =>CTGN cua hp chat: CaHbOC (a,b,c: so nguyen toi gian)
a/ Da vao thanh phan tram ve khoi lng cac ngto. *Xet s o: CxHyOz xC + yH + zO. Klg (g) M(g) 12x y 16z
BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
23
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
%m
100% C% H% Z%. M 12 x y 16 z = = = *T t le: 100 %C %H %O M.%C M.%H M.%O ,y= ,z = => x = 12.100% 100% 16.100% b/ Thong qua CTGN: -(CaHbOc)n Mx = (12a + 1b + 16c) .n -Vi a,b,c a biet ket hp Mx. -Tnh c n => CTPT c/ Tnh trc tiep t khoi lng san pham ot chay. CxHyOz+(x+y/4z/2)O2 xCO2 + y H2O 2 1mol xmol y/2 mol n n x CO2 nH2O * x = nCO2 , y = 2nH2O n n x x M *Biet X,x,y=>12x+1y+16z =Mx => z = Bai toan: ot chay hoan toan 3 gam chat A, thu c 2,24 lt CO2 (kc) va 1,8 gam H2O. T khoi hi cua A oi vi C2H6 la 2. nh cong thc phan t cua A ? 2,24 x12 1,8 x 2 = 1,2 gam = 0,2 gam HD: cach 1: Tnh c: mC = , mH = 22,4 18 V mC + mH =1,4 g < mA , do o A co cha oxi vi mO= 3 1,4 = 1,6 gam at cong thc chat A la CXHYOZ . Ta co MA =2 x 30 = 60 gam 12 x y 16z 60 = = = Vay : x =2 ; y = 4 ; z = 2 . Vay cong thc phan 1,2 0,2 1,6 3 t cua A la C2H4O2 1,2 0,2 1,6 = = = 1: 2: 1 CT nguyen cua A la (CH2O)n Cach 2: x : y : z = 12 1 16 Ta co MA = 60 hay ( CH2O)n = 60 n = 2 . Vay CTPT cua A la C2H4O2 Cach 3:Phng trnh phan ng chay cua A : y z y Cx H y Oz + ( x + )O2 xCO2 + H2O 4 2 2 2,24 1,8 3 nCO2 = = 0,1; nH2O = = 0,1 nCx H yOz = = 0,05 ; 22,4 18 60 1 x y = = Ta co : x=2;y=4 0,05 0,1 2.0,1 Suy ra : MA = 12x +y + 16z = 60 z = 60 28 / 16 = 2 Vay CTPT cua A la C2H4O2
BI TP CHNG HIDROCACBON NO
Li dn: gii nhanh 1 s bi tp nn lu : nO2 1/ Nu:+ nH2 O nCO2 hoc > 1,5 => hidrocacbon l ankan. nCO2 + nankan = nH2O nCO2 2/ Xc nh cng thc phn t hidrocacbon: + Hn hp hai hidrocacbon l ng ng k tip:
24 BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
*Phng php 1:Gi CTTQ ca ankan A, B: - Tm M - Gi s MA < M < MB CTPT *Phng php 2: Gi CTTQ ca ankan A, B:
CnH2n+2(n 1 ) CmH2m+2(m = n + 1)
CnH2n+2(n 1 ) CmH2m+2(m = n + 1)
=> CTTQTB l CnH2n+2 vi n < n < m nCO2 - Tnh n = nhh - n < n< m n,m -m=n+1 + Hn hp hai hidrocacbon l ng ng khng k tip: Phng php gii nh trn nhng bi phi cho thm d kin. 3/ p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng: CxHy + ( x + y/4)O2 xCO2 + y/2 H2O mO phn ng = mO ( CO2) + mO (H2O) Nu A l hh gm nhiu hidrocacbon khc nhau: mA = mC(CO2) + mH(H O)
2
4/ Tnh nhanh s nguyn t cacbon trong hp cht: + Khi t chy A, s nguyn t cacbon n trong A l : n= nCO2 nA nCO2 nhhA
+ Khi t chy hn hp A, s nguyn t cacbon trung bnh l n = 1/ thc hin chui phn ng sau: 2 3 a/ CH4 1 CH3 Br C2 H6 C2 H5 Br b/ Butan X Y Metan
1 2 3 2 3 c/ CnH2n(anken) 1 X Y CnH2n(xicloankan) d/ CH3 COOH CH4 CO 2
4 H 10 C
2 3 f / CH3 COONa 1 C2 H6 C2 H5 Cl C4 H 4 10 CH4 5 HCHO 6 CO 2 2/Vit CTCT v gi tn theo danh php quc t cc cht c cng thc phn t sau: C6H14, C3H7Cl, C3H6Cl2,C7H16, C4H10, C5H12, C6H12 3/ Vit CTCTTG ca cc cht c tn gi sau: a.2 metylpentan b. neopentan c. isobutan d. 2,3 dimetylbutan e. 4- Etyl 2,2,5 trimetylhexan f. 3,5 dietyl 2,2,3 trimetyloctan g. isopentan h. neopentan i. n- hexan j.3,3 dimetylpentan k. isobutyl bromua l. 1-nitro - 2- metyl propan m. 1,2 dibrom 2 - metylpropan n.2,2,3,3- tetrametylpentan 4/ c tn IUPAC cc cht c cng thc sau:
BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
25
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
5/ Cho isopentan tc dng vi Cl2 t l 1:1 trong iu kin chiu sng to c bao nhiu dn xut monoclo. Vit ptp v gi tn sn phm. 6/ Vit phn ng v gi tn phn ng ca isobutan trong cc trng hp sau: a/ Ly 1mol isobutan cho tc dng vi 1 mol Cl2 chiu sng. b/Ly 1 mol isobutan un nngvi 1 mol Br2. c/ Nung nng isobutan vi xc tc Cr2O3 to isobutilen d/ t isobutan trong khng kh. 7/ t chy hon ton mt mu hidrocacbon ngi ta thy th tch hi nc sinh ra gp 1,2 ln th tch kh cacbonic( o cng iu kin). Bit rng hidrocacbon ch to thnh 1 dn xut monoclo duy nht. Xc nh CTCT v gi tn hidrocacbon .S: C5H12 8/ Tm th tch oxi(ktc) dng t chy hon ton 2,464 lt hh 2 ankan o 27,30C; 2atm. Bit rng khi lng hh l 10,2g.S: V = 25,76lt 9/ Cho m gam ankan A tc dng vi clo chiu sng c thu c mt dn xut monoclo duy nht B c khi lng 8,52gam. trung ho ht kh HCl cn dng 80ml dd NaOH 1M.Xc nh CTCT ca A,B.S: C5H12; 1 clo 2,2 dimetyl propan. 10/ t chy hon ton mt hidrocacbon ri cho sn phm chy qua bnh (1) ng P2O5, sau qua bnh (2) ng KOH c. T l tng khi lng ca bnh (1) so vi bnh (2) l 5,4:11. Tm CTPT ca hidrocacbon. S: C5H12 11/t chy 1 hh gm 2 hidrocacbon A, B ng ng lin tip nhau thu c v
VCO2
H2O
12 = . Tm 23
CTPT A, B v % th tch ca 2 HC ny.S:C2H6(10%) v CH4(90%) 12/ Phn tch 3,225gam dn xut clo ca ankan c mt AgNO3 thu c 7,175g kt ta. T khi hi ca dn xut i vi khng kh l 2,224 lt. Tm CTPT, vit CTCT v gi tn dn xut.S:C2H5Cl 13/ t chy hon ton mt hidrocacbon thu c 6,72 lt CO2 (kc) v 7,2g nc. X CTPT ca HC.S:C3H8 14/ t chy hon ton 3,6 lt ankan X( l cht kh) cn dng va ht 18lt oxi ly cng k. a/ X CTPT X b/Cho X tc dng vi kh Clo 250C v c nh sng th c th thu c bao nhiu dn xut monoclo? Gi tn cc dn xut .S:C3H8 15/t chy hon ton 14,3g hn hp gm hexan v octan ngi ta thu c 22,4lit CO2 (kc).Cho bit thnh phn ca mi cht trong hh trn.S: %mC6H14=60%; %mC8H18=40%. 16/ t chy hon ton 13,6g hh X cha 2 ankan lin tip trong dy ng ng cn dng va ht 67,2lt oxi (kc). X CTPT v thnh phn khi lng ca mi cht c trong hh X.S: C6H14(63%); C7H16(37%) 17/C th phn bit hai bnh kh khng mu propan v xiclopropan bng phng php ho hc c khng gii thch. 18/Mt xiclopropan c t khi hi so vi nit bng 3. Hy x CTCT c th c v gi tn cc xicloankan . S: C6H12 19/t chy hon ton 1,29g hh kh Y( gm 1 ankan v 1 xicloankan, c t khi i vi oxi l 1,61) ri hp th hon ton sn phm chy vo dd Ba(OH)2 d, thu c 17,73g kt ta. X CTPT v thnh phn phn trm th tch ca mi cht trong hh Y.S: C4H10(60%) v C3H6. (40%) 20. t chy hon ton 6,72 lt hh X gm 2 cht kh CH4 v C3H6 sinh ra 11,2 lit kh CO2. Cc th tch kh o ktc. a. Tnh % th tch mi kh trong R. S: CH4(66,67%) v C3H6(33,33%) b. Nu cho ton b hh h tc dng vi nc Brom d th lng Brom tham gia phn ng l baonhiu gam. S: 16gam 21. t chy hon ton 0,72g 1 hp cht hu c X trong oxi thu c 1,12 lit CO2(ktc) v 0,06 mol nc.Lp CTPT v CTCT ca hp cht hu c trn.S: C5H12
26 BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
22. t chy hon ton 29,2 gam hh 2 ankan. Hp th hon ton sn phm vo dd Ba(OH)2 thy khi lng bnh tng 134,8gam. Tnh khi lng CO2 v khi lng nc to thnh. Nu 2 ankan l ng ng k tip hy xc nh CTPT c 2 ankan.S: C3H8 v C4H10 23. Hh kh gm 2 hidrocacbon c cng s nguyn t cacbon( ktc). a.Tnh t khi hi ca hh A i vi N2, bit 560ml hh nng 0,725g.S: 1,0357 b.t chy Vml hh A cho ton b sn phm chy ln lt i qua bnh (1) ng P2O5, bnh (2) cha Ba(OH)2, thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 2,7g, bnh 2 tng 5,28g. Tnh V.S: 1344ml c. Xnh CTPT ca 2 hidrocacbon bit rng 1 trong hai cht l anken.S: C2H4 v C2H6 24.t chy hon ton 0,15mol hh X gm hai ankan lin tip trong dy ng ng. Sn phm thu c cho hp th ht vo dd Ca(OH)2 d thu c 37,5g kt ta. Tm CTPT ca 2 hidrocacbon.S: C2H6 v C3H8. 25. t chy ht 2,24lt (ktc) hh X gm hai hidrocacbon thuc cng dy ng ng, hp th ht sn phm chy vo bnh ng dd nc vi trong d thu c 25g kt ta v khi lng bnh ng dd nc vi trong tng 17,3g. Tm CTPT ca 2 ankan.S: C2H6 v C3H8 26. t chy hon ton 4g mt hh hai hidrocacbon X cng dy ng ng lin tip. Ri dn sn phm chy qua bnh ng H2SO4c v bnh ng dd KOH. Thy khi lng cc bnh tng ln lt 5,4g v 8,8g. Xc nh CTPT ca 2 hidrocacbon.S: C2H6 v C3H8 27. t chy honton 3,36lt( 54,60C, 1,2atm) hh hai hidrocacbon thuc cng dy ng ng v c t l s mol ln lt l 1:2. Sau phn ng cho ton b sn phm qua dd nc vi trong d thu c 25g kt ta.Tm CTPT ca 2 ankan.S: C3H8 28. t chy hon ton a gam 2 hidrocacbon k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Sn phm chy cho qua bnh 1 ng H2SO4c v bnh 2 ng KOH rn, thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 2,52 gam v bnh 2 tng 4,4g. a. Tm a. S: 1,48g b. Tm CTCT ca 2 hidrocacbon.S: C2H6 v C3H8 29/t chy hon ton m gam hh X gm CH4, C3H6 v C4H10 thu c 4,4g CO2 v 2,52g H2O. Tm gi tr m.S: 1,48g 29.t chy hon ton 2 hidro ng ng c khi lng phn t hn km nhau 28 vc thu c 4,48lit CO2(ktc) v 5,4g nc. Tm CTPT ca 2 hidrocacbon.CH4 v C3H8 30. Mt ankan to c mt dn xut monoclo, trong hm lng clo bng 55,04%. Tm CTPT ca ankan.C2H6. 31. t chy hon ton 19,2 gam hn hp 2 ankan k tip nhau thu c 14,56 lt CO2 o 0o C v 2 atm. a. Tnh th tch ca hn hp hai ankan b. Xc nh CTPT v CTCT ca hai ankan 32. Mt hn hp gm hai ankan l ng ng kt tip nhau c khi lng 10,2 gam. t chy hon ton hn hp ny cn 36,8 gam O2. a. Tnh khi lng CO2 v H2O to thnh b. Lp CTPT ca hai ankan 33. t chy hon ton 29,2 gam hn hp hai ankan. hp th ton b sn phm chy vo bnh ng Ba(OH)2 thy khi lng bnh tng 134,8 gam a. Tnh khi lng CO2 v H2O b. Nu hai ankan l ng ng k tip nhau, hy lp CTPT ca hai ankan. 34. Mt hn hp X gm hirocacbon A v O2 d. em t chy hon ton hn hp X thu ly sn phm v lm lnh th tch gim 50%. Nu cho kh cn li qua KOH d th thy gim i 83,3% s cn li a. Xc nh CTPT v vit cc CTCT ca A b. Tnh thnh phn % v th tch ca A v O2 trong hn hp X c. ng phn no ca A khi th vi Cl2 cho mt sn phm th mnclo duy nht 35. t chy 3 lt (ktc) hn hp 2 ankan l ng ng k tip nhau cho sn phm chy ln lt qua bnh 1 ng CaCl2 khan v bnh 2 ng KOH c. Sau khi kt thc phn ng thy
BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
27
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
khi lng bnh 1 tng 6,43 gam, bnh 2 tng 9,82 gam. Xc nh CTPT ca cc ankan v tnh % th tch ca mi kh 36. Hn hp kh etan v propan c t khi so vi H2 bng 19,9. t chy 56 lt hn hp (ktc) v cho kh to thnh hp th hon ton vo dung dch cha 320 gam NaOH. Tnh % th tch cc kh trong hn hp u v s gam mui to thnh.
a. CH4
C2H2
C4H4
to, xt
- H2
o
C4H6
C D E
+ Br2 + Br2
polibutadien
b. C4H10 - H
to, xt
2
A B
t , xt
- H2
+ AgNO3, NH 3
? c. CaCO3 d. CH2 ? CaC2 C2H2 ? CH2 CH3 e. canxi cacbonat canxi oxit etilen clo etan etan vinyl axetilen cloropren CH3 CH2OH canxi cacbua axetilen vinyl clorua
Bi 3: Cho cc kh sau : mtan, ten v tin. a. Bng phng php ha hc hy nhn bit tng kh trn khi ng chng trong 3 l mt nhn. b. Bng phng php ha hc hy tch ri cc kh trong hn hp cha 3 kh trn. Bi 4: Hiroocacbon A thuc dy ng ng no , nu t chy A m t l s mol b ca CO2 v H2O c gi tr : b = 0,8; b = 1; b = 2. Bi 5: Hon hp A gom mot anken va mot ankan, ot chay A thu c a mol H2O va b mol CO2. Hoi t so T = a/b co gia tr trong khoang nao? Bi 6: Cho mot the tch kh anken X (ktc ) tac dung vi nc ( xuc tac axit) c 4,6 g ancol Y; neu cho lng anken X tren tac dung vi HBr thu c 10,9 g chat Z .xac nh Cong thc phan t cua anken X . Bi 7: Hn hp A gm C2H4 v H2 c dA/ H2 = 7,5 . em hn hp A qua Ni, to thu c hn hp B c d B/ H2 = 9.
28 BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
a. Gii thch ti sao t khi hi tng. b. Tnh % th tch mi kh trong hn hp A, B. c. Tnh hiu sut phn ng. Bi 8: t chy hon ton 1 th tch hircacbon A cn 7,5 th tch O2 . Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A. ( cc th tch o cng iu kin nhit , p sut) Bi 9: t chy hon ton hn hp kh A gm 2 anken iu kin thng th nhn thy t l th tch gia A v oxi tham gia phn ng l 21/93. Bit anken c khi lng mol phn t cao c th tch chim khong 40% n 50% th tch hn hp. a. Xc nh CTPT ca 2 anken. b. Tnh % th tch ca tng anken trong hh u. Bi 10: Hidrocacbon A va B thuoc cung mot day ong ang. Biet MA = 2MB. A va B thuoc day ong ang nao? Bi 11: ot chay hoan toan mot the tch hon hp gom anken X va hidrocacbon Y thu c 5,56 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) va 5,40 g nc. Y thuoc loai hirocacbon no ? Bi 12: ot chay hoan toan hon hp kh gom ankin X va hidrocacbon Y mach h co cung so nguyen t C, thu c san pham chay co the tch hi nc bang the tch kh CO 2 (cac the tch o cung ieu kien). Y thuoc loai hirocacbon no ? Bi 13: Mt hn hp kh X gm mt ankin A v mt anken B. Cho thm va X mt lng kh H2 ta c hn hp Y c th tch 26,88 lt ( ktc) . Dn Y qua Ni, to n phn ng hon ton, ta c hn hp kh Z ch c hai ankan ( khng c H2) Mt khc, nu t chy ht X th cho ta 1,3 mol CO2 v 1,1 mol H2O. a. Tnh s mol mi cht trong Y. b. Xc nh CTPT ca A, B v tnh khi lng A, B trong X. Bi 15: ot chay hoan toan 1,3g ankin X thu c 2,24 lt kh CO 2 (ktc) . Tm CTPT X Bi 16: ot chay hoan toan 5,4g ankaien X thu c 8,96 lt kh CO 2 ( ktc) . Tm CTPT X . Bi 17: Cho 2,24 lt hon hp kh X ( ktc) gom axetilen va etilen suc cham qua dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 (lay d ) thay co 6g ket tua. Tnh Phan tram the tch cua kh etilen trong hon hp . Bi 18: Khi cho propin tac dung vi brom trong dung dch tao thanh chat X trong o phan tram khoi lng cacbon bang 18% . Tm CTPT X. Bi 19: ot chay 1 so mol nh nhau cua 3 hidrocacbon A, B, C thu c lng CO2 nh nhau, con t le so mol CO2 va H2O oi vi A, B, C lan lt la 0,5: 1:1,5. Tm CTPT cua A, B, C Bi 20: hn hp A gm 2 Hircacbon mch h trong cu to ch c mt lin kt cha no . em 336 ml hn hp A cho qua dung dch brm d th lng bnh brm tng x gam, lng brm tham gia phn ng ht 3,2 gam v khng c kh thot ra, cn nu em 336ml hn hp A t chy th to thnh y gam H2O v 1,76 gam CO2 . Th tch cc kh o ktc. a. Tm thnh phn % th tch hn hp A v tnh x, y. b. Xc nh CTCT ca 2 Hrcacbon trn, Bit hn hp A khng tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/ NH3. Bi 21: Anken X co ty khoi hi so vi nit bang 2,00. Khi X tac dung vi nc (xuc tac axit) to ra hon hp 2 ancol ong phan cua nhau. Tm CTPT cua X . Bi 22: Anken Y tac dung vi dd brom tao thanh dan suat ibrom trong o % khoi lng C bang 17,82 %. Tm CTPT Y . Bi 23: ot chay hoan toan 1,12 lt mot anken X (ktc) thu c 5,60 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Tm CTPT X . Bi 4: Trong phan t ankin X, hidro chiem 11,765% khoi lng . Tm CTPT X .
BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
29
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
Bi 25: Hn hp X gm hai anken A v B ( M A< MB) , t khi hi ca X i vi H2 l 19,6. Trong X s mol B chim 40 % s mol hn hp X. a. Xc nh CTPT, CTCT ca A, B. Bit B c ng phn cis-trans. b. Nu cho lng X trn tc dng vi dd Brm d , tht c 80 gam Br2 tham gia phn ng. Tnh phn trm khi lng ca A, B trong X. Bi 26: t chy hon ton 8,96 lt ( ktc) hn hp A gm 2 anken ng ng k tip , cho sn phm chy qua bnh (I) ng H2SO4 c v bnh (II) ng KOH c , khi lng bnh (II) tng hn khi lng bnh (I) l 39 gam. a. Tnh th tch kh oxi ( ktc) t chy hai anken trn. b. Xc nh CTPT ca hai anken v Tnh % theo th tch ca mi anken trong hn hp. c. em hn hp 2 anken trn phn ng vi dung dch HCl d , ta ch thu c 3 sn phm . Xc nh CTCT ca 2 anken. Bi 27: Hn hp A gm 1 ankan v 1 anken. em 22, 4 lt hh A li qua dd brm d th thy c 11,2 lt kh thot ra v khi lng bnh ng dung dch brm tng ln 28 gam. t chy hon ton kh thot ra ri dn qua dung dch NaOH th thu c 106 gam Na2CO3 v 84 gam NaHCO3. Th tch cc kh o ktc. Xc nh CTPT ca ankan v anken ( HD . C4H10 v C4H8) Bi 28: t chy hon ton hn hp 2 ankin A, B lin tip nhau trong dy ng ng, ton b sn phm c hp th vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thy khi lng bnh dung dch Ca(OH)2 tng thm 27,4 gam v c 50 gam kt ta. Xc nh CTPT A,B; s mol A, B trong hn hp. Bi 29: em 28,2 gam hn hp 3 ankin c s nguyn t C lin tip nhau trn vi hir d ri dn qua Ni, to sau phn ng th tch hn hp kh gim i 26,88 lt (ktc) a. Xc nh CTPT c th c ca 3 ankin. b. Hy xc nh nghim ca bi ton nu c mt cht to c benzen khi trng hp. c. Tnh phn trm mi kh trong hn hp u bit rng s mol ca 1 ankin ln gp i tng s mol ca 2 ankin cn li. Bi 30: Mt hn hp kh A gm 2 Hrcacbon X, Y c cng s nguyn t C, khi t chy hon ton 8,4 gam A th thu c 10,8 gam H2O. dA/N2 = 1,5. a. Lp lun tm s nguyn t C ca X, Y. b. Xc nh CTPT X, Y v % th tch ca hn hp A.
30 BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
e. ancol isobutylic g. etylenglicol CU 5 So snh nhit si ca cc cht sau v gii thch : a. dimetyl ete, ancol etylic, propan, metylclorua b. ancol metylic, ancol etylic, ancol propylic CU 6Nhn bit cht : a. ancol etylic, hexan, phenol, glixerol b. Ancol etylic, etilenglicol, benzene, hex- 1-en CU 7 Cho Ancol tylic, glixerol ln lt tc dng vi cht: O2, Cu(OH)2, K, dd NaOH, dd HBr, CH2 = CH - COOH, Na2CO3. vit ptpu (nu c ) v ghi r iu kin phn ng CU 8 Hon thnh cc phng trnh ha hc sau : a- Butan-1-ol + HBr b- Propan-2-ol C3H7OC3H7 c- C2H5OH C2H4O d- Butan-2-ol C4H8 (A) + C4H8 (B). CU 9 Phenol tc dng c vi cht no sau y : dd NaOH ; dd HBr ; Na ; dd NaHCO3 ; dd Br2 . vit ptpu minh ha, ghi r iu kin phn ng CU 10 Cho cc cht: , CH3- CH2 CH2OH, Na, dung dch NaOH, dung dch CH3COOH (H2SO4 c v un nng). C bao nhiu nhiu phn ng xy ra . Vit ptpu minh ha, ghi r iu kin phn ng CU 11 Trong phn t phenol, nh hng ca nhm OH n nhn benzen v ngc li c chng minh bi phng trnh no ? vit phng trnh phn ng ,0 H+ CU 12a. CH 4 1500 C 2 H 2 Pd C 2 H 4 C 2 H 5 OH CuO CH 3 CHO t b. CH3CH2CH2OH CH3CH =CH2 CH3CHCH3 OH 1 2 3 c/ C2H2 C6H6 C6H5Br C6H5OH 4 C6H5ONa 5 C6H5OH CU 13 Sc kh cacbonic vo dung dch natri phenolat nhit thng, thy dung dch vn c, sau un nng dung dch th dung dch li trong sut. Gii thch nhng hin tng va nu v vit phng trnh ha hc ( nu c) CU 14. Ly 2 ng nghim cha sn Cu(OH)2, kt ta mu xanh l. Cho thm vi git ancol etilic vo ng nghim th nht v vi git glixerol vo ng nghim th hai. Hin tng g xy ra ? gii thch v vit phng trnh ha hc minh ha. CU 15 t chy hon ton 1,5 gam mt ancol n chc thu c 1,68 lit kh CO2(ktc) v 1,8 gam H2O.Cng thc phn t ca ru ? CU 16 Xc nh cng thc ca cc ancol no n chc A sau: a. t khi hi ca ancol i vi hidro l 30 b. %O trong A l 34,78% c. % C trong A l 64,86% d. t chy hon ton A thu c 1 mol CO2 v 1,5 mol nc e. t chy hon ton A thu c s mol nc gp i s mol CO2 f. Cho 2,5g A tc dng va vi Na thu c 0,896 lt kh H2 (kc). g. Khi t chy hon ton 1 mol A cn va ng 3 mol oxi h. Khi ha hi 2,3 gam A n chim th tch bng th tch ca 1,6 gam oxy (Cc th tch o cng nhit , p sut). i. Tch nc 14,8 gam A th c 11, 2 gam anken j. Cho 6g A tc dng ht vi Na thu c 1,12 lt kh hidr(ktc) k. t chy hon ton 0,37 g A cn va ht 672 ml oxi(ktc). l. t chy A thu c CO2 v H2O vi t l v th tch l 3:4. m. Khi t chy a mol A thu c 2a mol H2O n. Oxi ha 3g A bng CuO nng c 2,9g anehit (hiu sut phn ng t 100%).
BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
31
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
CU 17 Cho 10,6 gam hn hp hai ancol no n chc k tip nhau tc dng ht vi Na to thnh 2,24 lit H2 (ktc). Tm Cng thc phn t 2 ancol CU 18t chy hon ton a gam hn hp hai ancol thuc dy ng ng ca ru etylic thu c 70,4 gam CO2 v 39,6 gam H2O. a. tnh a? b. tm ctpt 2 ancol? CU 19 t chy hon ton hn hp X gm 2 ancol n chc no k nhau trong dy ng ng th thy t l s mol CO2 v s mol H2O sinh ra ln lt l 9: 13. a. tm ctpt 2 ancol b. tnh % kl mi cht trong hh CU 20 un nng mt hn hp gm hai ancol no n chc vi H2SO4 c 1400C thu c 21,6 gam nc v 72 gam hn hp ba ete. Gi s cc phn ng hon ton. Tm Cng thc 2 ancol CU 21t chy hon ton mt hn hp X gm hai ancol no n chc A,B ng ng k tip thu c 6,952g CO2 v 3,6g H2O. a/ Xc nh CTPT ca A,B v thnh phn trm khi lng ca chng trong hn hp b/ Tm cng thc cu to ng ca A bit oxiha A thu c mt xeton. CU 22 . Cho m(gam) phenol C6H5OH tc dng vi natri d thy thot ra 0,56 lt kh H2 (ktc). Tnh m? CU 23 Cho nc brom d vo dung dch phenol thu c 6,62 gam kt t trng (phn ng hon ton). Tnh Khi lng phenol c trong dung dch ? CU 24 Hn hp A cha glixerin v mt ancol n chc no mch h .Cho 20,3 g A tc dng vi Na d th thu c 5,05 lit H2 (ktc).Mt khc 8,12 g A ha tan c va ht 1,96g Cu(OH)2 a/ Xc nh cng thc phn t ca ancol n chc no mch h . b/Tnh %m mi cht c trong hn hp A. CU 25 Oxi ha hon ton 0,60g mt ancol (A) n chc bng oxi khng kh , sau dn sn phm qua bnh (1) ng H2SO4 c ri dn tip qua bnh (2) ng dung dch KOH. Khi lng bnh (1) tng 0,72g; bnh (2) tng 1,32g. a. Gii thch hin tng th nghim trn bng cc phng trnh ha hc. b. Tm cng thc phn t, vit cc cng thc cu to c th c ca (A). c. Khi cho ancol trn tc dng vi CuO, un nng thu c mt andehit tng ng. Gi tn (A) v vit phng trnh ha hc. CU 26 .Cho 16,6 gam hn hp gm ancol etylic v ancol propylic phn ng ht vi Na d thu c 3,36 lit H2 (ktc). Tnh % v khi lng cc ancol trong hn hp CU 27Cho hn hp gm ancol etilic v phenol tc dng vi natri (d) thu c 3,36 lt kh hidro (ktc). Nu cho hn hp trn tc dng vi dung dch nc brom va thu c 19,86 gam kt ta trng ca 2,4,6-tribromphenol. a. Vit phng trnh ha hc ca cc phn ng xy ra. b. Tnh thnh phn phn trm khi lng ca mi cht trong hn hp dng. CU 28Khi cho Natri tc dng vi hn hp 2 cht u tin trong ankanol thu c 8,96l H 2 (kc). Nu hn hp trn cho tc dng vi a(g) HBr th c hn hp 2 Bromua ankyl nng 78,8g. nh s gam mi cht trong hn hp u. CU 29 Cho 25,2g hn hp gm ancol etylic, phenol, nc tc dng ht vi Na thu c 4,48 lt H2 (kc). Nu trung ha lng hn hp trn bng KOH th cn va 25ml dung dch KOH 32% (d = 1,4). Tnh khi lng mi cht trong hn hp.
32 BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
Xeton l hp cht hu c m phn t c nhm >C=O lin kt trc tip vi 2 nguyn t C. B- Lp cng thc Nguyn tc lp cng thc: Cng thc Anehit(Xeton) = Cng thc Hidrocacbon tng ng n nguyn t H + n nhm chc CHO(>C=O). Andehit v Xeton l ng phn ca nhau nn cch lp cng thc phn t cng tng t nhau, andehit c nhm CH=O th khi lp cng thc ca xeton thay bng nhm >C=O. V d: Cng thc hidrocacbon no: CnH2n + 2 CnH2n + 1-H CnH2n + 1-CHO 1- Cng thc ca andehit no: Cng thc hidrocacbon no: CnH2n + 2 - Anehit no, n chc: CnH2n + 2 CnH2n + 1H CnH2n + 1CHO n 0 - Anehit no, hai chc: CnH2n + 2 CnH2nH2 CnH2n(CHO)2 n 0 - Anehit no, m chc : CnH2n + 2 CnH2n + 2-mHm CnH2n + 2-m(CHO)m 2- Cng thc ca Anehit khng no: Anehit no, mt ni i, n chc: CnH2n CnH2n - 1H CnH2n - 1CHO n 2 3- Cng thc ca anehit n chc bt k: CnH2n + 1- 2kCHO hoc CxHyCHO hoc R-CHO Cch gi cng thc: CnH2n + 1- 2kCHO : Anehit tham gia phn ng ni i ca gc hidrocacbon (p cng H2, p cng Br2...), phn ng nhm CHO. CxHyCHO: Anehit tham gia phn ng chy, phn ng nhm CHO R-CHO: Anehit ch tham gia phn nhm CHO. 4- Anehit bt k: CnH2n + 2- 2k-m (CHO)m C- Danh php 1- Tn thng: - Tn Anehit = Anehit + Tn axit hu c tng ng V d: HCHO : anehit focmic ; CH3 - CHO : anehit axetic. - Anehit mch thng: Thm tin t nV d: CH3 CH2- CH2- CHO : Anehit n-butiric - Anehit mch phn nhnh cacbon gn cui mch: Thm tin t izoV d: CH3 CH2- CHO : Anehit izo-butiric CH3 2- Tn quc t: - Chn mch cacbon di nht c cha nhm CHO lm mch chnh. - nh s th t cc nguyn t cacbon trong mch chnh, bt u nguyn t cacbon trong nhm CHO. - Tn anehit (Xeton)= V tr nhm th+Tn nhm th + Tn mch chnh (tn quc t ca hidrocacbon tng ng) + al(on). V d:
BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
33
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
CH3 D- Mt s anehit, xeton thng gp 1- Anehit no, n chc: - Anehit focmic ; anehit axetic ; anehit propinic. - Anehit n-butiric ; anehit izo-butiric. 2- Anehit no, a chc: - Glioxal : HOC CHO hay (CHO)2 3- Anehit khng no, mt ni i, n chc: - Propenal : CH2=CH-CHO 4- Xeton: (CH3)2C=O axeton(hay propanon) E- Tnh cht ho hc ca anehit, Xeton 1- Phn ng cng hidro (phn ng kh anehit) Ru no CH3CH=O + H-H CH3-CH2- OH CnH2n(CHO)2 + 2H2 CnH2n(CH2OH)2
Ni, to Ni, to
CH3-CH2- CH2- OH
2- Phn ng oxi ho - Oxi ho bng Brom hoc KMnO4: Ch mnh andehit c phn ng ny, xe ton kh b oxihoa nn khng p RCH=O + Br2 + H2O RCOOH + 2HBr - Oxi ho bng Ag2O, un nng (phn ng trng gng): HCHO + 2Agt O 2 CH3- CHO + Ag2O Tng qut: NH , R-CHO + Agt O 2 Hay: R-CHO + 2AgNO3 +
o 3 o
NH3,
CO2 + H2O + 4Ag CH3- COOH + 2Ag R- COOH + 2Ag 3NH3 + H2O R- COONH4 + 2Ag +
2NH4NO3 - Oxi ho bng Cu(OH)2, un nng (phn ng to kt t gch Cu2O): CH3- CHO + 2Cu(OH)2 CH3- COOH + Cu2O + 2H2O
34 BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
Hay: CH3- CHO + 2Cu(OH)2 + NaOH CH3- COONa + Cu2O + 3H2O - Oxi ho bng oxi:
5 O2 2CO2 + 2H2O 2 3n + 2 CnH2n+1-CHO + O2 (n+1)CO2 + (n+1)H2O 2 3n + 1 CnH2n-1-CHO + O2 (n+1)CO2 + nH2O 2 n H 2O = 1 ; i vi anehit khng no: i vi anehit no: nCO2
CH3-CHO +
n H 2O nCO2
<1
4- Phn ng gc Hidrocacbon Nguyn t H cnh nhm Cacbonyl d tham gia phn ng. V d khi c xc tc l Axit axetic th Br2 phn ng th vi Axeton: (CH3)2C=O + Br2 CH2Br-C(CH3)=O + HBr F- iu ch anehit 1- Oxi ho ru bc bng CuO, un nng: CH3 OH + CuO HCHO + Cu + H2O CH3 CH2- OH + CuO CH3-CHO + Cu + H2O Tng qut: t R-CH2- OH + CuO R - CHO + Cu + H2O 2- Phng php ring iu ch anehit axetic:
o
to
to
HC CH + H-OH
CH3CHO
G- Mi lin h gia s cacbon, s hidro v s nhm chc S nguyn t H gc hidrocacbon 2. S cacbon + 2 S nhm chc Bi tp t lun Vit y cc phng trnh phn ng ca cc qu trnh
Cl2 (askt) H
6
Bi 1 sau: a) C2
CuO, to
Ag2O/NH3, to
N C 6H5CH2-OH
C6H5CH=O
BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
35
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
CH3CH=O
CH3CH2-OH
CH3COOH
CH3COONa
C2H CH3CH2-OH CH3CH2-Br Bi 2 Mt anehit no A, mch h, khng phn nhnh, c cng thc thc nghim l (C2H3O)n. 1- Tm cng thc cu to ca A. 2- Oxi ho A trong iu kin thch hp thu c cht hu c B. un nng hn hp gm 1 mol B v 1 mol ru metylic vi xc tc H2SO4 c thu c hai este E v F (F c khi lng phn t ln hn E) vi t l khi lng mE : mF = 1,81. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra v tnh khi lng mi este thu c, bit rng ch c 72% lng ru b chuyn ho thnh este. Bi 3 Cho hai cht hu c A (C3H6O) v B (C3H4O2). 1- Vit cng thc cu to cc ng phn n chc mch h ca A v B. 2- Vit phng trnh phn ng khi cho A l anehit tc dng vi: H2 (Ni, to); Ag2O/NH3, to; Cu(OH)2 trong dung dch NH3. Bi 4 Kh hon ton m gam mt anhit no n chc v mt anhit khng no n chc (u mch h) cn 0,25 mol H2. Sn phm c chia thnh hai phn bng nhau: Phn 1: Cho tc dng vi Na d thu c 0,0375 mol H2. Phn 2: t chy hon ton thu c 0,2 mol CO2. Tm cng thc cu to hai anhit. Bi 5 Kh hon ton m gam hn hp hai anhit n chc A v B (u mch h) cn 0,25 mol H2. Sn phm c chia thnh hai phn bng nhau: Phn 1: Cho tc dng vi Na d thu c 0,0375 mol H2. Phn 2: t chy hon ton thu c 0,2 mol CO2. Tm cng thc cu to ca A v B. Bit rng mi phn t anhit cha khng qu mt ni i C=C. Bi 6 Hn hp X gm hai anhit no A v B (u mch h). Cho 2,04 gam X tc dng ht vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 thu c 0,12 mol Ag. em ho hi hon ton 2,04 gam X thu c 0,896 lt hi (136,5oC v 1,5 atm). Tm cng thc phn t ca A v B, bit rng trong X s mol ca A bng s mol ca B. Bi 7 Hp cht hu c X ch cha mt loi nhm chc. Ho hi hon ton 2,9 gam X thu c 2,24 lt hi 109,2oC v 0,7 atm. Cho 5,8 gam X tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 thu c 0,4 mol Ag. 1 -Tm cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to ca X. 2 -iu ch X t t n. 3-Vit phng trnh phn ng ca X ln lt vi: dung dch AgNO3/NH3 khi un nng; Cu(OH)2/NaOH un nng; H2 (Ni, to); dung dch KMnO4 long/H2SO4.
36 BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
Bi 8 Hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h. Cho 7 gam X tc dng va vi 0,28 gam H2(Ni,t0). Mt khc khi cho 7 gam X tc dng va ht vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 thu c 38,88g Ag. Tm cng thc ca hai anhit. Bi 9 Chia 14 gam hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc mch h thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn 1 tc dng va ht vi 0,28 gam H2 (Ni, to). Phn 2 cho tc dng ht vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 thu c 38,88 gam Ag. Tm cng thc cu to ca hai anehit. Bi 10: Cho 14,4 gam andehit A l ng ng ca andehit fomic phn ng hon ton vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3. Ho tan hon ton lng Ag sinh ra bng dung dch HNO3 thu c 9,856 lt kh mu nu bay ra (o 1atm, 27,30C). a) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A. Vit cc cng thc cu to c th c ca A v gi tn chng.
b) Khi cho 0,35 gam A tc dng vi H2 (Ni, to) thu c 0,296 gam ru
iso-butylic. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A v tnh hiu sut phn ng to thnh ru. axit cacboxylic A- nh ngha Axit l nhng hp cht hu c trong phn t c nhm Cacboxyl( - COOH) lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t C hoc H. B- Lp cng thc Nguyn tc lp cng thc: Cng thc Axit = Cng thc Hidrocacbon tng ng n nguyn t H + n nhm chc COOH. V d: Cng thc hidrocacbon no: CnH2n + 2 CnH2n + 1H CnH2n + 1COOH 1- Cng thc ca axit no: Cng thc hidrocacbon no: CnH2n + 2 - Axit no, n chc: CnH2n + 2 CnH2n + 1H CnH2n + 1COOH n 0 - Axit no, hai chc: CnH2n + 2 CnH2nH2 CnH2n(COOH)2 n 0 - Axit no, m chc : CnH2n + 2 CnH2n + 2-mHm CnH2n + 2m(COO H)m 2- Cng thc ca axit khng no, mt ni i, n chc: CnH2n CnH2n - 1H CnH2n - 1COOH n 2 3- Cng thc ca axit n chc bt k: CnH2n + 1- 2kCOOH hoc CxHyCOOH hoc R-COOH Cch gi cng thc: CnH2n + 1- 2kCOOH : Axit tham gia phn ng ni i ca gc hidrocacbon (p cng H2, p cng Br2...), phn ng nhm COOH.
BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
37
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
: Axit tham gia phn ng chy, phn ng : Axit ch tham gia phn nhm COOH.
- Lin quan n ngun gc tm ra axit. V d: HCOOH : Axit focmic CH3COOH : Axit axetic CH3 CH2- COOH : Axit propinic CH3 CH2- CH2- COOH : Axit n-butiric CH3 CH2- COOH : Axit izo-butiric CH3 2- Tn quc t: - Chn mch cacbon di nht c cha nhm COOH lm mch chnh. - nh s th t cc nguyn t cacbon trong mch chnh, bt u t u mch gn nhm COOH hn. - Tn axit = V tr nhm th+Tn nhm th + Tn mch chnh (tn quc t ca hidrocacbon tng ng) + oic. V d: HCOOH : Metanoic CH 3COOH: Etanoic CH3 CH2- COOH : Propanoic CH3 CH2- CH2- COOH : Butanoic
3 2 1 4 3 2 1
CH3 CH- COOH CH3 CH - CH2- COOH CH3 CH3 2-metylpropanoic 3-metylbutanoic D- Mt s axit thng gp 1- Axit no, n chc: - Axit focmic ; axit axetic ; axit propinic - Axit n-butiric ; axit izo-butiric 2- Axit no, a chc: - Axit oxalic : HOOC-COOH hay (COOH)2 - Axit aipic : HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH hay C4H8(COOH)2. 3- Axit khng no, mt ni i, n chc: - Axit acrylic : CH2=CH-COOH - Axit metacrylic : CH2= C - COOH CH3 4- Axit thm: - Axit bezoic : C6H5-COOH F- iu axit axetic 1- Ln men gim: men gim CH3-CH2-OH + O2 CH3COOH + H2O 2- Tng hp t axetilen: HgSO ,
38 BI TP V NH
to
MN HA 11
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
HC CH + H-OH
Mn2+
CH3CH=O
2CH3CH=O + O2 2CH3COOH 2- Tng hp t metanol: CH3OH + CO CH3COOH G- Mi lin h gia s cacbon, s hidro v s nhm chc S nguyn t H gc hidrocacbon 2. S cacbon + 2 S nhm chc H- Mt s tnh cht ca mui hu c 1- Tc dng vi axit v c: 2CH3COONa + H2SO4 long 2CH3COOH + Na2SO4 Tng qut: 2R-COONa + H2SO4 long 2R-COOH + Na2SO4 2- Phn ng vi ti xt: CH3COONa + NaOH CH4 + Na2CO3 Tng qut: CaO, t R-COONa + NaOH R-H + Na2CO3 3- Phn ng chy: 2CnH2n+1COONa + O2 Na2CO3 + (2n+1)CO2 + (2n+1)H2O Ch trng hp t chy mui hu c cng vi xt d. V d: Nung nng hn hp CH3COONa v NaOH trong bnh ng kh O2, xy ra cc phn ng sau: 2CH3COONa + O2 Na2CO3 + 3CO2 + 3H2O 2NaOH + CO2 = Na2CO3 + H2O L Thuyt CU 30 Vit cng thc cu to v gi tn : a. cc andehyt,xeton: C3H6O, C4H8O, C5H10O b. cc axit : C3H6O2, C4H8O2, C5H10O2 CU 31 gi tn cc cht sau : a. CH3 CH2 CH2 CH(CH3) - CHO b. CH3 CH2 CO CH(CH3) 2
o
CaO, to
c.CH3 CH CH2 - CH CH2 COOH CH3 CH2 - CH3 d.CH3 CH CH2 - CH CH2 CH3 CH3 CH2 COOH CU 32 Vit cng thc cu to ca cc cht sau : a. axit isobutyric b. axit 3- metylbutanoic c. axit 3- metylbenzoic d. axit acrylic e. axit pentadioic CU 33vit phng trnh phn ng thc hin chui bin ha sau: a/ C2H5Cl 4 CH3CHO CH3COONa 1 7 11 2 3 8 10 12 15
BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
39
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
C2H4
5 6
C2H5OH
13 CH3COOH CH3COOC2H5 14
b/ Natri axetat 1 metan 2 andehyt fomic 3 axit fomic 4 etylfomat 1 2 3 4 c/ etylen etylclorua etanol andehytaxetic axit axetic 5 etyl axetat 1 2 3 4 5 d/ tinh bt gluco etanol axit axetic etyl axetat benzyl axetat 1 2 3 4 e/ CaC2 C2H2 CH3CHO C2H5OH CH3COOH 5 CH3COOCH3 1 2 3 4 5 f/ CH4 CH3Cl CH3OH H-CHO H-COOH H-COOCH3 1 2 3 4 g/ C2H2 C6H6 C6H5Br C6H5OH C6H5ONa 5 C6H5OH CU 34iu ch : a/ t propan v cc cht v c cn thit hy vit phng trnh iu ch etanol, axit axetic, andehyt axetic , etyl axetat b/ t etylen v cc cht v c cn thit hy vit phng trnh iu ch etanol qua 2 giai on c/ t etylen v cc cht v c cn thit hy vit 3 s iu ch etanol. Vit phng trnh minh ha d/ t Axetylen v cc cht v c cn thit hy vit phng trnh iu ch axit axetic qua 2 giai on e/ t Axetylen v cc cht v c cn thit hy vit phng trnh iu ch phenol, natri phenolat f/ t kh thin nhin v cc cht v c cn thit hy vit phng trnh iu ch etyl axetat CU 35 So snh nhit si ca cc cht sau a/ Ru etylic (1) , etyl clorua (2), ietyl ete (3) v axit axetic (4) b/ CH3COOH (1) , CH3CH2COOH (2), CH3CH2CH2OH (3) c/ C2H5OH, CH3CHO, HCOOH, CH3COOH. CU 36 nhn bit cc l mt nhn sau? a/ fomalin, axeton, xiclohexan, glixerol b/ ancol benzylic, benzen, benzandehyt c/ etanol, fomalin, axeton, axit axetic d/ phenol, axit benzoic, glixerol e/ etyl axetat, fomalin, axit axetic, etanol f/ axetandehyt, glixerol, axit acrylic, axit axetic CU 37 Sp xp tnh axit tng dn? a/ Phenol, ru etylic, axit cacbonic, axit axetic. b/ CH3COOH, C2H5OH v C6H5OH c/ CCl3-COOH, CH3COOH, CBr3COOH, CF3COOH d/ CCl3-COOH, CH3COOH, CHCl2COOH, CH2ClCOOH CU 38 Cho Andehyt fomic, andehyt axetic ln lt tc dng vi cht: H2, O2, AgNO3/NH3. vit ptpu (nu c ) v ghi r iu kin phn ng CU 39 vit ptpu chng minh Andehyt fomic, andehyt axetic th hin tnh kh , th hin tnh oxihoa . cho bit vai tr ca andehyt trong tng phn ng ? CU 40 hy vit cc phng trnh iu ch trc tip andehyt fomic, andehyt axetic CU 41 hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng dng phn bit andehyt axetic, axeton . CU 42 hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng dng chng minh andehyt axetic, axeton u l nhng hp cht khng no . CU 43 hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng dng chng minh andehyt axetic d b oxihoa cn axeton th kh. CU 44 vit phng trnh chng minh axit axetic c y tnh cht ca 1 axit. CU 45 Cho axit fomic, axit axetic ln lt tc dng vi cht:Na,NaOH, Na2CO3, Mg, CaCO3, O2, C2H5OH, AgNO3/NH3. vit ptpu (nu c ) v ghi r iu kin phn ng CU 46 vit phng trnh chng minh axit axetic l 1 axit yu nhng vn mnh hn axit cacbonic, cn phenol l axit yu hn axit cacbonic . CU 47 vit phng trnh ca axit acrylic vi: a/ C6H5ONa b/ NaHCO3 c/ H2(Ni xt tc) d/ Br2 trong CCl4 e/ P2O5 CU 48 Hy vit cc phng trnh iu ch trc tip axit axetic ? CU 49 Hy vit cc phng trnh iu ch axit axetic t metanol, etilen, axetilen ?
40 BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
CU 50Xc nh cng thc phn t ca cc andehyt no n chc A trong cc trng hp sau: a/ Oxi ho 2,2 gam mt anehit n chc X thu c 3 gam axit tng ng (hiu sut phn ng bng 100%). b/ A c %O (theo khi lng) l 27,58 %. c/ Oxi ha 6,6g A c 9g axit tng ng (hiu sut phn ng t 100%). d/ Cho 2,2 gam A phn ng ht vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d to ra 10,8 gam Ag . CU 51 Xc nh cng thc ca cc axit no n chc A sau: a. t khi hi ca A i vi hidro l 30 b. %O trong A l 36,36% c. % C trong A l 48,65% d. t chy hon ton 1 mol A thu c 1,5 mol nc e. Cho 3,68g A tc dng va vi Na thu c 0,896 lt kh H2 (kc). f. Khi t chy hon ton 1 mol A cn va ng 2 mol oxi g. Khi ha hi 3 gam A n chim th tch bng th tch ca 1,6 gam oxy (Cc th tch o cng nhit , p sut). h. t chy hon ton 0,37 g A cn va ht 392 ml oxi(ktc). i. Khi t chy a mol A thu c 2a mol CO2 CU 52 X v Y l 2 axit hu c no, n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Cho hn hp gm 2,3 gam X v 3 gam Y tc dng ht vi kim loi K thu c 1,12 lt hiro (ktc). Xc nh Cng thc phn t ca 2 axit? CU 53 trung ho 8,8 gam axit cacboxylic c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh thuc dy ng ng ca axit axetic cn 100ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Xc nh Cng thc cu to c th c ca axit cacboxylic? CU 54 Trung ho 9 gam mt axit no, n chc A bng lng va NaOH thu c 12,3 gam mui. xc nh ctpt A? CU 55 Ha hi hon ton 3,6g axit cacboxylic A c th tch hi bng vi th tch ca 2,2g CO2 (o cng iu kin). a. xc nh ctpt ca A. b/ Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 1M cn trung ha 7,2g A CU 56 Cho 14,8 gam hn hp 2 axit hu c no, n chc tc dng vi lng va Na2CO3 to thnh 2,24 lt CO2 (ktc). a/ Tnh khi lng mui thu c b/ xc nh ctpt ca axit CU 57 Tnh khi lng axit axetic cn pha 500 ml dung dch 0,01M CU 58 un nng 46g axit fomic vi 46g ru etylic (c H2SO4 c lm xc tc). Nu hiu sut este ha t 60% th lng este thu c l bao nhiu? CU 59 3,6g axit acrylic lm mt mu va 20ml dung dch brom. Tnh nng mol dung dch brom ? CU 60Cho 60 g axit axetic tc dng vi 60 g ru etylic (xc tc H2SO4 c v nng) c 60g etylxetat. Tnh Hiu sut este ? CU 61Tnh Khi lng axit axetic thu c khi ln men 1 lt ru 80 (cho khi lng ring ca C2H5OH l 0,8 g/ml; hiu sut phn ng t 100) CU 62Trung ho 5,48 gam hn hp gm axit axetic, phenol v axit benzoic, cn dng 600 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng, thu c hn hp m(g) cht rn khan . tnh m CU 63Hn hp X gm axit HCOOH v axit CH3COOH (t l mol 1:1). Ly 5,3 gam hn hp X tc dng vi 5,75 gam C2H5OH (c xc tc H2SO4 c) thu c m gam hn hp este (hiu sut ca ca phn ng este ho u bng 80%). tnh m ? CU 64 t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hn hp 2 axit cacboxylic l ng ng k tip thu c 3,36 lt CO2 (ktc) v 2,7 gam nc. Tnh S mol ca mi axit ln lt ? CU 65 Cho 1,97 gam fomalin tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d, sau phn ng thu c 10,8 gam Ag. Nng % ca anehit fomic l gi tr no di y (coi nng ca axit fomic trong fomalin l khng ng k) CU 66 cho 11,6 g anehit propionic tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3/NH3 to c 32,4 g bc. Hiu sut phn ng trng gng t :
BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
41
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
CU 67 un 12g ancol etylic vi 12g axit axetic vi H2SO4c sau phn ng thu c 12g este. Tnh hiu sut phn ng CU 68 un 12g ancol etylic vi 12g axit axetic vi H2SO4c sau phn ng thu c m(g) este. Bit hiu sut phn ng l 80% . tnh m? CU 69 Tnh khi lng ancol etylic v axit axetic cn dng iu ch c 17,6g este. Bit hiu sut phn ng l 75% . CHUI PHN NG TNG HP HON THNH CHUI PHN NG SAU 1)
Al4C3 1 CH3COONa 2 CH4
3 C4H10 4 5 6 9
CH3OH
CH3Cl
10 CH OH 11 HCHO 12 HCOOH 3
2)
C3H6
CH3CHO
1 14 13 5 12
CH3COOH
CH3COONa
CH4
Br
OH Br Br OH O2 N NO2 NO2
PVC
C2H3Cl
C2H2 6
10
C6H5Br
C6H5ONa
C6H5OH
11
3)
1 11
PE
C2H4
12
2 6 7
C2H5Cl 3 C2H5OH 8 9
C2H5OH 4 C2H5OC2H5
5
C2H5Cl
CH3CHO CH3COOC2H5
4)
Etylenglicol
2
CH3COOH 10 3
HOCH2-CHCl-CH2OH
Glixerol 6 7
Dong(II) glixerat
C3H6
1 8
CH2Cl-CH=CH2 5 CH3-CHOH-CH3 9
CH2Cl-CH2-CH3 C3H6
CH2OH-CH2-CH3
CH4 C3H6
CH3OH
CH3Cl
10 CH OH 11 HCHO 12 HCOOH 3
2
2)
CH3CHO
1 14 13 5 6 12
CH3COOH
CH3COONa 4
CH4
Br
10
PVC
C2H3Cl
C2H2
C6H5Br
C6H5ONa
C6H5OH
11
3)
42 BI TP V NH
MN HA 11
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
1
PE
11
C2H4
12
2 6 7
C2H5Cl 3 C2H5OH 8 9
C2H5OH 4 C2H5OC2H5
5
C2H5Cl
4)
Etylenglicol
2
CH3COOH 10
HOCH2-CHCl-CH2OH
Dong(II) glixerat
C3H6
1 8
CH2Cl-CH=CH2 5 CH3-CHOH-CH3 9
CH2Cl-CH2-CH3 C3H6
CH2OH-CH2-CH3
Chng trnh thi hoc k 2: Chng 5: Hidrocacbon no - Bai : Ankan - Bai : Xicloankan Chng 6: Hidrocacbon khong no - Bai : Anken - Bai : Ankadien - Bai : Ankin Chng 7: Hidrocacbon thm. Nguon hidrocacbon thien nhien . He thong hoa ve hidrocacbon - Bai: Benzen va ong ang .Mot so hidrocacbon thm khac - Bai: Nguon hidrocacbon thien nhien - Bai: He thong hoa ve hidrocacbon Chng 8: Dan xuat ve halogen Ancol Phenol - Bai: Dan xuat halogen cua hidrocacbon - Bai: Ancol - Bai: Phenol Chng 9: Andehit Xeton Axit cacboxylic - Bai: Andehit Xeton
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
tren vong benzen.Neu ket luan ve s anh hng cua nhom chc va vong benzen trong phan t phenol. Cau 5: Andehit va co tnh oxi hoa va co tnh kh . Viet phan ng minh hoa cho nhan xet tren. Cau 6: Andehit axetic co the coi la san pham trung gian gia axit hu c va ancol bac 1. Phan 2: Viet phan ng xay ra gia cac chat sau: Cau 7: Cho ancol metylic, phenol tac dung vi K,K2CO3, NaCl, NaOH, dung dch Br2 , HBr, CuO Cau 8: Cho etanol, p-crezol( 4-metyl phenol), ancol benzylic lan lt tac dung vi Na, KOH, ddBr2, CaCO3 Cau 9: axetilen , but -1-in, va andehit axetic , andehit fomic, propanal eu co the tac dung vi H2 ; ddAgNO3/NH3 un nhe. Cau 10: Khi cho etyl clorua , isopropyl bromua tac dung vi dung dch KOH loang , KOH trong moi trng ancol un nong . Trng hp nao xay ra phan ng tach , trng hp nao xay ra phan ng the .Viet phan ng minh hoa. Cau 11: Cho phenol vao nc dung dch b van uc , tiep tuc cho dd NaOH vao hon hp tren dung dch tr nen trong suot , thoi kh CO2 vao dung dch va tao thanh . Ta thay dung dch b van uc , khi un nong th dung dch tr nen trong suot .Viet phan ng minh hoa. Phan 3:Viet phan ng theo yeu cau , xac nh san pham chnh phu , ten cac san pham hu c tao thanh. Cau 12: Tach hidro halogenua t 2 clo butan, 3 clo pentan, 2 clo 3 metyl butan. Cau 13: Tach nc tao olefin t cac ancol sau: a) 2- metyl pentan -3 ol b) 3- metyl pentan -2 ol c) 2,3 dimetyl butan -2 ol d) 2 metyl butan -2 ol e) ancol isobutylic Cau 14:Hidrat hoa cac anken sau: a) but 1 en b) 2 metyl but 1 en c) 3 metyl but 1 en d) 2 metyl but 2 en e) 2,3 dimetyl but 2 en f) Pent 2 en g) Isobutilen Phan 4: ong phan va goi ten: Cau 15: Viet CTCT cac ong phan va goi ten tng chat. - Ancol co CTPT la C4H10O, C5H12O. - Ancol bac 1 cua C6H14O - ong phan thm cua C7H8O. Trong cac ong phan cua C7H8O hay cho biet: + Hp chat nao thuoc loai phenol, anco, ete? 44 BI TP V NH MN HA 11
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
+ Hp chat nao tac dung c vi Na,vi KOH, ca Na va KOH Cau 16: Viet CTCT cac ong phan dan xuat halogen va goi ten tng chat. Dan xuat halogen C3H7Cl, C3H6Br2 , C4H9Cl Cau 17: Viet CTCT cac ong phan andehit va goi ten Andehit co CTPT C4H8O, C5H10O , C6H12O .. Cau 18:Viet CTCT cac ong phan n chc , mach h va goi ten cua tng chat - C3H8O, C4H10O - Andehit va xeton : C3H6O, C4H8O Phan 5:Hoan thanh cac chuoi phan ng sau: Cau 19: (1) (2) (3) (4) a) natri axetat metan axetilen benzen brom (5) (6) benzen A phenol (1) (2) (3) (4) b)nhom cacbua metan axetilen andehit axetic (6) CH3COONH4 ancol (7) (8) etylic buta -1,3-dien cao su (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) c)butan etan etyl clorua etanol etilen P.E (7) (6) e (8) (9) tanol axit axetic CO2 (2)+ H (1) (3) (4) (5) d)at en X Y ancolZ A cao su Buna (1) (3) (5) (6) (4)+CuO,t e)tinh bot glucoz X Y X dietyl ete (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (5)' (6) (7) (8) f)etilen X Y Z metan B B1 C D
2 0
(5)+ ddAgNO + NH (1) (2)+ NaOH (4)+CuO (6)+ NaOH g)toluen benzyl clorua X Y Z (8)+C H OH (7)+ HCl R Q A (1) (2) (3) h)natri axetat metan andehit fomic amoni cacbonat (4) (5) ancol A andehit B (6) amoni fomat (1) (2) (3) (4) k)propan metan metyl clorua ancol metylic (5) andehit fomic CO2 (1) (2) (3) (4) l)CH2=CH CH2Cl propyl clorua ancol A andehit B (6) bac
3 3 2 5
m)butanmetanaxetilenandehit Xancol Y Acao su buadien o)at en ABCDE2,4,6-tribrom phenol Phan 6:ieu che va nhan biet: Cau 20: ieu che a) T natri axetat ieu che P.E, cao su Buna, etyl axetat, dietyl ete, phenol b) T at en ieu che P.E, etyl axetat, phenol, dimetyl ete, cao su Buna c) T etyl clorua ieu che P.E, dietyl ete, etyl axetat, phenol, andehit fomic d) T natri axetat ieu che metyl axetat Cau 21: Nhan biet a) ancol etylic, fomol,stiren, phenol, benzen BI TP V NH MN HA 11 45
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
b) metanol, dd andehit axetic, phenol, ancol anlylic(CH2=CH-CH2OH) . c) Ancol propylic, dung dch andehit propionic, phenol, stiren. d) Propan -1-ol , propan -2-ol, glixerol,phenol Phan 7: Mot so bai toan *Xac nh CTPT cua mot chat Cau 22: Cho 15g mot ancol X n chc no, mach h tac dung vi Na(d) thu c 2,8lit (ktc). a) Xac nh CTPT , CTCT va ten co the co cua ancol X. b) Khi ancol X tac dung vi CuO, un nong c san pham G co kha nang tao ket tua bac khi tac dung vi dung dch AgNO3 trong moi trng NH3 , un nhe . Xac nh ung CTCT cua X. Cau 23: Oxi hoa hoan toan 5,75g mot ancol Y n no mach h bang CuO , em san pham cho tac dung vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, un nhe thay tao thanh 27g Ag.Biet rang cac phan ng xay ra hoan toan. a)Xac nh CTCT cua Y. b)Khi cho 17,25g Y tac dung vi d axit axetic vi hieu suat la 25% th san pham hu c thu c co khoi lng la bao nhieu? Cau 24: Cho 8,7g mot ankanal (khac HCHO) tac dung vi dung dch AgNO3 trong moi trng NH3 , un nhe thay tao thanh 32,4g Ag . a)Xac nh ten cua ankanal. b)Tnh the tch H2 (ktc) can dung e hidro hoa hoan toan ankanal tren. *Xac nh CTPT cua hon hp chat ong ang ke tiep . Cau 26: Cho natri kim loai tac dung vi 11g hon hp hai ancol ong ang lien tiep trong day ong ang cua ancol etylic thay thoat ra 3,36lit H2(ktc) .Xac nh CTPT va xac nh thanh phan khoi lng cua tng chat trong hon hp ancol au. Cau 27: Cho 18,9g mot hon hp 2 ancol n chc no, mach h ke tiep nhau tac dung vi lng d Na thu c 3,92lit H2(ktc). a)Tnh khoi lng muoi thu c sau phan ng . b)Tm CTPT cua 2 ancol va thanh phan % theo khoi khoi lng cua chung . c)em oxi hoa 18,9g hon hp ancol tren bang CuO sau o em toan bo san pham hu c cho tac dung vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 th thu c 32,4gbac kim loai. Biet rang cac phan ng xay hoan toan .Xac nh CTCT ung cua cac ancol. Cau 27:Lay 0,94gam hon hp hai andehit n chc no ke tiep nhau trong day ong ang cho tac dung het vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 thu c 3,24g Ag. Xac nh CTCT , ten va thanh phan % theo khoi lng cua tng chat trong hon hp . 46 BI TP V NH MN HA 11
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
*Xac nh CTPT cua mot chat trong mot hon hp . Cau 28: Mot hon hp X gom mot andehit n no (khac HCHO), phenol -Neu cho 16,6g X tac dung vi Na d thu c 1,12lit kh H2(ktc). -Neu cho 33,2g X tac dung vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 thu c 43,2g Ag. a)Xac nh thanh phan % cua tng chat . b)Tm CTPT , CTCT va ten cua andehit . c)Xac nh CTCT ung cua andehit , biet rang khi cho andehit tac dung vi lng d H2 thu c mot ancol co nhanh . Viet phan ng minh hoa . Cau 29: Mot hon hp Y gom andehit axetic , phenol, va mot ancol n chc no, mach h . -Neu cho 23g Y tac dung vi Na th thu c 3,36lit H2(ktc). -e trung hoa 23g Y phai dung 100ml dung dch NaOH 1M. -Mat khac , khi cho 11,5g Y tac dung vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 th thu c 10,8g Ag. a)Xac nh CTPT cua ancol. b)Tnh the tch khong kh can dung e ot chay hoan toan 23g Y, biet O2 chiem 20% the tch khong kh . Cau 30: Cho m(g) hon hp gom HCHO va phenol tac dung vi ddAgNO3/NH3 thu c 43,2g Ag. Mat khac e trung hoa 2m(g) hon hp tren can phai dung 150ml dung dch NaOH 2M. a)Xac nh thanh phan % khoi lng tng chat ban au . b)Hidro hoa m(g) hon hp , em san pham cho tac dung vi Na thu c bao nhieu lit kh H2 ieu kien tieu chuan. Cau 31: Cho mg hon hp X gom ancol propylic va mot andehit n no(khac HCHO) , mach h -Cho X tac dung vi Na(d) thu c 2,8lit H2(ktc). -em ot chay het X , dan toan bo san pham chay thu c cho i qua dung dch nc voi trong co d thi thu c 120g ket tua . -Khi cho X tac dung vi lng d dung dch AgNO3/NH3 th thu c 32,4g. Xac nh thanh phan % va CTPT cua andehit tren . *Xac nh thanh phan % cua hon hp Cau 32: Cho 0,92g mot hon hp gom C2H2 va CH3CHO tac dung va u vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 thu c 5,64g hon hp ran . Phan tram so mol cua tng chat trong hon hp . Cau 33: Cho hon hp Z gom C2H5OH, C6H5OH, glixerol. -Cho Z tac dung vi Na (d) thu c 8,4lit H2(ktc). -Neu trung hoa Z can phai dung 100ml dung dch KOH 1M. -Z hoa tan c 7,35g Cu(OH)2. a)Tnh %m cua glixerol trong hon hp b)Neu cho Z tac dung vi dung dch Br2 thu c bao nhieu g ket tua ? Cau 34: e hidro hoa 8,8g hon hp gom 2 andehit n no, mach h can va ung 4,48lit H2(ktc). Khi cho 8,8g hon hp tren tac dung vi lng d dung dch AgNO3/NH3 thu c 64,8g BI TP V NH MN HA 11 47
Gv:Nguyn Minh Hip Trung Tm Dy km nh Sao kit 155 Hng Vng, Tam K
Ag. Xac nh CTCT va thanh phan % theo khoi lng tng andehit trong hon hp . GIO VIN THC HIN: NGUYN MINH HI IN THOI : 09826.09828
48 BI TP V NH
MN HA 11