i hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

Mc lc:

Trang

CHNG I:CN C XC NH S CN THIT PHI U T: ..........2

1.1 Cn c php l...............................................................2
1.2. Cn c thc t..............................................................4
CHNG II. SN PHM TH TRNG......................................................6
2.1. Ci loi sn phm.........................................................6
2.2. K hoch v th trng..................................................7
2.2.1. Phn tch nhu cu ca th trng............................7
2.2.2. Xc nh mc tiu th d kin hng nm ..............8
2.2.3. Gii php v th trng...........................................8
2.2.4. K hoch xc tin bn hng....................................8
2.2.5. Xc nh v gi c.................................................10
2.2.6. Xc nh knh phn phi sn phm......................10
CHNG 3: QUY TRNH SN XUT V NGUN NGUYN LIU BO
M SN XUT..........................................................................................12
3.1.Nhim v.....................................................................12
3.2.Quy trnh cng ngh trng rau sch.............................12
3.2.1.Quy trnh trng rau sch........................................12
3.2.2.c im v k thut trng mt s loi rau...........13
1.Su su...........................................................................13
2.Rau mung sch..........................................................14
4.Mp...........................................................................16
6.Rau ci ngt................................................................18
7. Mp ng..................................................................19
8.Da chut....................................................................21
9.RAU MI....................................................................... 25
10.C rt ..................................................................... 26
12.Rau cn ty...............................................................30
13.Trng hnh l............................................................31
14.Rau ngt....................................................................34
15.Rau dip c................................................................ 37
16.B ao........................................................................38
CHNG 4: A IM THC HIN D N............................................42
4.1. a im t d n.....................................................42
4.2. Phn tch v a im..................................................42
iu kin t nhin..........................................................42
Kh hu...........................................................................43
Th nhng....................................................................43
t ai sng ngi............................................................44
iu kin kinh t - x hi................................................45
CHNG V: XY DNG KIN TRC.....................................................48
5.1.Phng n kin trc xy dng d n.........................48
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5.1.1.Nhim v thit k xy dng..................................48

5.1.2.Cc hng mc cng trnh......................................48
5.1.3.Phng n b tr tng mt bng.........................49
5.2.Gii php xy dng...................................................49
CHNG VI: C CU T CHC...............................................................51
6.1 Chc nng v nhim v ca cc b phn.....................51
6.1.1: Ban d n.............................................................51
6.1.2 : Cc b phn chc nng.................................52
CHNG 7: PHN TCH TI CHNH........................................................54
7.1 Ngun vn u t ban u...........................................54
..........................................................................................54
7.2 Sn lng d kin........................................................55

BI THC HNH NHM

CHNG I:CN C XC NH S CN THIT PHI U T:
*GII THIU CH U T
-Tn cng ty: DNTN c Minh
-Tr s chnh: X Vn c, huyn Gia Lm, TP H Ni
in thoi: 84-4-9199768
-Ngi i din theo php lut ca cng ty:
ng : Bi Vn Minh
Chc v: Gim c cng ty
-Nghnh ngh kinh doanh: Chuyn sn xut v cung cp rau sch.
-T cch php nhn:
Giy chng nhn dng k kinh doanh s 012002647 do S K Hoch
v u T H Ni cp ngy 10 thng 02 nm 2005.
- Tnh hnh ti chnh: 3.500.000.000 ng( ba t nm trm triu ng).
1.1 Cn c php l.
Hin nay ng v Nh nc c nhng chnh sch ng vin mi thnh phn
kinh t trong nc u t cho hot ng sn xut kinh doanh, to mi trng
cnh tranh bnh ng v lnh mnh gia cc thnh phn kinh t. Nc ta l
mt nc nng nghip lc hu ang phn u tr thnh mt nc cng
nghip nm 2010. Trong tnh hnh hin nay , pht trin nng nghip vn l
mt trong nhng mi quan tm hng u ca t nc, hng nm hng nng
nghip xut khu vn em li cho t nc mt khon thu ngoi t khng nh
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nn trong cc chnh sch ca mnh Nh nc lun khuyn khch pht trin

nng nghip v to mi iu kin thun li pht trin cc d n v nng
nghip. C th l cc vn bn kinh t k thut c lin quan sau :
Cc vn bn k thut:
-Quyt nh s 67/1998/Q-BNN_KHKT ngy 28/04/1998 ca B Nng
nghip v pht trin nng thn v quy nh tm thi v sn xut rau an
ton.
-Php lnh VSATTP ngy 26/7/2003.
+Quyt nh s 15 ngy 14/4/2004 ca B Nng nghip v pht trin
nng thn quy nh 4 tiu chun v rau an ton :
Hm lng kim loi nng c khng ch mc cho php ph thuc vo
nc ti, cht t v phn bn.
+Hm lng Nitrat ch yu l do phn bn bng m Ure, nu phn bn
qu gn ngy thu hoch th hm lng s vt qu ch tiu.
+Hm lng vi sinh vt c quyt nh do nc ti v phn bn nn
ch c dng nc ging khoan hoawcjnuwowcf sng ln, khng bn
phn cha qua x l.
+D lng thuc bo v thc vt.
-Quyt nh s 03/2007/Q_BNN quy nh v cng b tiu chun, cht
lng sn phm ,hng ha c th chuyn ngnh nng nghip.
Quy nh s 04/2007/Q-BNN ban hnh quyt nh v qun l sn xut
v chng nhn rau an ton.
-Vn bn chnh thc VIETGAP ca B Nng nghip v pht trin nng
thn.
Tiu chun GAP do chi cc bo v thc vt cng b.
Cc vn bn ca khi kinh t v qun l nh nc :
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-Thng t s 09/BKH/VPKT ngy 21/09/1996 ca B K hoch v u

t hng dn lp v thm nh d n u t.
-i hi ng ln th XI quyt nh ng li, chin lc pht trin
kinh t x hi t nc giai on 2001-2010 l y nhanh cng nghip
ha, hin i ha t nc, c bit l CNH-HH nng nghip, nng
thn, pht trin ton din nng, lm ,ng nghip, chuyn dch c cu kinh
t nng thn.
1.2. Cn c thc t
Hin nay tng din tch trng rau ca thnh ph H Ni l gn 11650 ha
trong ch c 2105 ha trng rau an ton. Mi nm thnh ph t sn
xut c khong 570000 tn rau,p ng c 60% nhu cu v rau xanh
trn a bn, cn 40% vn phi nhp t cc a phng khc. Ring v
sn xut rau an ton H Ni mi ch p ng c 14% nhu cu. Bi
vy nhu cu v rau sch H Ni l rt ln. Vi iu kin kinh t -x hi
hin nay ti H Ni, thu nhp ca ngi dn ngy cng tng ln, i sng
ngy cng n nh th nhu cu v rau sch l rt ln. Thc trng l rau qu
ti nhiu ch rau khng p ng c cht lng v v sinh an ton thc
phm ang khin ngi tiu dng hoang mang lo lng th sn phm rau
sch tr thnh s la chn ca nhiu b ni tr mun m bo sc khe
cho gia nh v ngi thn. H sn sng b ra mt khon tin ln hn
c c nhng m rau sch c ngun gc r rng ti h thng cc siu th
v cc ca hng rau sch.
Hn na, chng ti chn lm d n ny ti huyn Gia Lm _ H Ni v:
qu t canh tc ln,cht t y kh l mu m bi c bi p ca
sng Hng, sng ung ph hp cho trng rau mu ngn ngy nh: rau
mung,cc loi ci, hnh, cc loi qu c (b xanh, da leo, xu ho ,c rt)
Ngoi ra , y cng thun li cho vic vn chuyn rau sch vo thnh
ph cung cp cho cc siu th trong a bn H Ni: Metro, BigC Gia

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Lm thun li cho vn chuyn s gim chi ph vn chuyn v thi gian

vn chuyn ngn gi c rau ti .
Cn c vo thc t ny d n trng rau sch ca cng ty c Minh c th
em li doanh thu v li nhun cao trong mi nm ,ng thi p ng
c nhu cu bc thit v rau sch cho ngi dn th cng nh gii
quyt c cng n vic lm cho nhiu ngi dn x Vn c, huyn
Gia Lm, H Ni.

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CHNG II. SN PHM TH TRNG

2.1. Ci loi sn phm
Thng qua iu kin t nhin- a l v kh hu, sn phm RAT c
trng v bo qun vi nhiu chng loi. Nc ta c kh hu nhit i gi ma
v th rau tng trng rt tt. Trng rau da trn hai ma v chnh: ngxun, H- thu. Di y l danh sch mt s loi rau chnh ca cng ty chng
ti:

V H THU

V NG XUN

Rau mung

Bp ci

Rau ngt

Sp l xanh

Rau mng ti

Sp l trng

Rau ci ngt

Ci ngt

Rau thm

Ci tho

Rau ay

Ci cc

Hnh

Ci chp

Mp

Su ho

B ao

X lch

C chua

Rau dip

Rau ci ng

Rau mung

Da chut

C chua

Mp ng

Da chut

Su su
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Mp ng
B ao
Ci ng
Su su
Cn ty lt
Rau thm

2.2. K hoch v th trng

2.2.1. Phn tch nhu cu ca th trng
T lu vn sn xut rau an ton c trin khai thc hin nc
ta.c bit vn RAT lun nhn c s ch o st sao ca c quan qun
l, cng vi l vn u t ln v ti chnh v cng sc xy dng cc
m hnh RAT.
Ngy nay ngi trng rau qu lm dng thuc bo v thc vt, phn bn
cng nh s dng nc, t nhim trong qu trnh canh tc nn trong rau
sch tn ti nhiu yu t c hi c hi cho sc khe con ngi. thi gian qua
rau lun l th phm s mt trong nhng v ng c thc phm.Cng v th
ni lo ca ngi tiu dng v RAT cng nh nhu cu c s dng rau an ton
ngy cng l vn cp thit i vi ng tiu dng
Theo thng k gn nht , tng s 478 vng trng rau H Ni . Ti h ni,
nhu cu rau an ton khong 1.200 tn/ngy. Khng nhng th ngi tiu dng
cn sn sng mua rau vi gi cao gp 4-5 ln rau thng thng c dng
rau an ton. Nh vy nhu cu v RAT h ni l rt ln. nhu cu RAT
mang tnh cp thit, nhng c n gn 74% lng rau sn xut theo quy trnh
an ton phi bn trn th trng , ch c 24% bn trn siu th , ca hng
RAT. Sau khi m rng din tch t nng nghip ca h ni ln n hn
300.000ha, trong c gn 12.000ha rau xanh. Nhng cho n nay, h ni
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vn ch t p ng c khong 570.000tn rau/nm, p ng c 60% nhu

cu, cn hn 40% vn phi nhp khu t a phng khc. V vy th trng
RAT h ni l mt trong nhng th tng tim nng tiu th ln v l mt
trong lnh vc cn u t c hiu qu cho ngi dn v cc nh u t trong
nc.
2.2.2. Xc nh mc tiu th d kin hng nm
Trong nm 2006, sn xut rau an ton H Ni ch mi p ng c
79.800 tn tng ng vi 14% nhu cu v rau an ton tng lai nm 2010.
H Ni s t p ng c cho mnh 16% nhu cu rau an tan, tng 14,29%.
So vi nm 2010 t l ny s cn thay i khi thnh ph trin khai n :
Sn xut v tiu th rau an ton thnh ph H Ni giai on 2009-2015. 15
nm na, H ni s phn u p ng 35% nhu cu tiu dng thnh ph. T
l ny tng ln ng k. Nh vy, trung bnh mi nm nhu cu tiu th rau an
ton trong 10-15 nm ti ca thnh ph s tng ln, tong ng trn 100.000
tn vi mc tiu th ca nm trc.
2.2.3. Gii php v th trng
Ton b sn phm Rau an ton ca d n s c xc nh tiu th ti th
trng H ni. Th trng mc tiu v khch hng tim nng ca d n s l
cc siu th, ca hng trn a bn H Ni, c bit phc v khch hng mc
tiu l cc h gia nh cc khu th pht trin nh : M nh, Linh m,
ngoi ra cn cung cp cho nhng h gia nh c thu nhp t trung bnh tr
ln.
2.2.4. K hoch xc tin bn hng
a: K hoch qung co
Bt c mt sn phm no, d bnh dn hay t tin th chin lc qung
co vn lun lun cn thit i vi doanh nghip. Qung co c ngha rt
quan trng: gii thiu sn phm ca cng ty ti tay ngi tiu dng, tuyn
truyn nhng u vit ca sn phm v cht lng, gi c. Qung co s c
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thc hin da vo nhng yu t nh:giai on pht trin ca d n, kh nng

chi ph, c im ca khch hng
giai on u ,chng ti s qung co thng qua pano, p phch ti cc
siu th v cc ca hng bn rau sch cho cng ty.
Khi d n pht trin chng ti s qung co thng qua cc phng tin
khc nh:
* i pht thanh
* Cc chng trnh mua sm tiu dng trn Tivi
* Bo ch: ch yu l cc bo lin quan n vn an ton, v sinh, sc khe
cng ng
b. K hoch khuyn mi
Ty vo tng giai on pht trin lng tiu th ca d n, cng ty s a
ra cc chng trnh khuyn mi khc nhau. V d nh: i vi nhng trung
gian quan h hp tc lu di thng xuyn( mua sn phm vi s lng ln
v thng xuyn), s chit khu vi gi u i v min ph cc chi ph ngoi
sn xut. i vi nhng mi lm n mi , chng ti s u i mc i ng v
s lng cng nh cht lng sn phm.
c. K hoch quan h cng chng
Duy tr quan h tt p vi nhng mi lm n sn c v xy dng thm
hnh tng ca cng ty thng qua quan h vi bo ch truyn thng cng nh
cc phng tin thng tin i chng.
Lp k hoch t chc cc chng trnh gii thiu sn phm trong cc hi
ch m thc. T chc cc cuc phng vn bng cc hnh thc khc nhau
thm d kin khch hng, th trng cng nh cc kin ca i th cnh
tranh.

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T chc cc cuc hp thng nin vi s tham gia ca i tc lm n cng

nh cc i l phn phi ca cng ty, to s thn mt, quan tm v chng t
tm quan trng ca h i vi doanh nghip.
Xy dng cc mi quan h vi nhn dn ,chnh quyn a phng
trnh nhng mu thun xung t. Tham gia cc chng trnh kinh t x hi ti
da phng, ng gp cng sc vo cng cuc pht trin kinh t trong vng.
2.2.5. Xc nh v gi c
T khi Vit Nam gia nhp WTO ,c s cnh tranh can thip ca cc doanh
nghip nc ngoi, th vn v gi c lun dc cc doanh nghip quan
tm ch trng. Cng ty kinh doanh mt hng l rau sch, mt sn phm lun
c mc cu v cung rt l ln. Cc cng ty cnh tranh lun tm mi cch
chim lnh th trng. V th cng ty chng ti lun cao cht lng v gi
c ln hng u. Cng ty tin hnh xc nh gi c thng qua chi ph sn xut
v gi bn trn th trng
Ngoi ra cng ty quan tm n chit khu bn hng linh hot nhm to
c s hp dn cng nh cnh tranh gia cc trung gian phn phi sn
phm: tng t l chit khu trn doanh thu bn hng hay tng t l chit khu
ti cc th trng mi.
2.2.6. Xc nh knh phn phi sn phm
i vi nhng sn phm l rau (mt sn phm d hng ,khng gi c
lu v d dp nt )th cng ty phi xc nh knh phn phi cng ngn cng
tt.Chin lc bn hng thng qua cc knh phn phi ca cng ty c thc
hin di hnh thc :knh phn phi 1 cp .i vi loi knh phn phi.th
rau an ton c a t ni sn xut n tay ngi tiu dng thng qua cc
siu th v qua cc ca hng bn rau an ton
Cc trung gian ny s hng hoa hng tnh bng % doanh thu bn hng v
s chu trch nhim qun l trc tip sn phm ca cng ty . H thng phn
phi ca cng ty s c thit lp di hnh thc knh 1cp .
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Cc siu th v ca hng s nhp rau an ton ca cng ty trn a bn thnh

ph H Ni vi quy m c th sau

DNTN c Minh

H thng cc siu th v c hng bn rau an ton

Ngi tiu dng rau an ton a bn thnh ph H Ni

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CHNG 3: QUY TRNH SN XUT V NGUN NGUYN LIU

BO M SN XUT
3.1.Nhim v
Mc tiu kinh doanh ca cng ty l trng v cung cp rau sch vi sn lng
khong tng dn theo cc nm p ng mt phn nhu cu rau sch ca thnh
ph H Ni
3.2.Quy trnh cng ngh trng rau sch
3.2.1.Quy trnh trng rau sch
Chn dt ( Cy ba v ln lung )

Chn v x l ht ging trc khi gieo

Kim tra

Chm sc

v phng
Bn phn

tr su

v ti nc

bnh

Thu hoch

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3.2.2.c im v k thut trng mt s loi rau

1.Su su

cc tnh min ni pha bc, ging su su ch yu c cung cp t Sa

Pa (Lo Cai). Thng thng, cc nh vn mua qu ging vo u thng 9
m lch, chn qu to, mp, khng xy xt vo r ri cho mt t ct mn t
ni rm mt, ti nc gi m, r cy s b ra rt nhanh. Trung tun thng 9,
khi mm cy cao 15 - 30 cm c th mang trng
Quy nh k thut nh sau:
Lm t: Su su khng kn t, mi khm o h rng 0,5 m, su 0,4
m. Cho hn hp t p nh, ti trn vi 15 kg phn chung hoai mc, 0,2 kg
phn NPK xung h, lp t lm cao hn t vn trnh b ng, h n
cch h kia 4 - 5 cm. 1 so Bc B (360 m2) trng 60 - 65 khm. Cch trng:
Chn nhng cy c nhiu r m ly thn qu, ly cuc o gia ri qu
ging hi cho, lp t gn chm qu, ti nc nh nhng xung quanh cy.
Ly na tp cm lm tay vn cho su su leo ln gin. Trong 7 ngy u sau khi
trng, cn ch ti ni gi m cho cy.
Lm gin: Dng tre ti chn lm cc, su khong 0,6 - 0,8 m, cc n
cch cc kia 3 m (nu c iu kin c th ct b tng s dng c lu
di) ly nhng cy tr nh lm ko, ly lt mm buc cht,sau t tm
mnh ln trn.
Chm sc v thu hoch: Cui thng 11 u thng 12 m lch su su s
cho thu hoch, 5 - 6 ngy thu hi mt ln. Sau khi thu hoch qu c 1
thng cn bn phn b sung cho cy, mi khm 0,1 - 0,2 kg phn NPK;
thng xuyn gi m cho cy , ct ta l gi tng di c nh sng quang
hp.
Trong 4 - 5 thng,su su cho nng sut 3,4- 4 tt qu/so, thu nhp
khong 6 8 triu

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2.Rau mung sch

Chun b ging
Cn c vo mu sc ca thn, chia lm 2 loi: ging rau thn trng (xanh) v
ging thn . Da vo kch thc l chia lm 3 loi rau mung: Rau mung
l to, l nh v l nh.
Ging c ly t c rung trng ca nm trc n thng 3 nm sau, khi rau
ny mm, ti thc nc phn hoai mc kt hp vi phn m v tro bp
ly ging a ra rung cy (tiu chun mm ging coa 25-30cm). Lng
ging cn t 650-750 kg/ha. Ch hi cc cnh t, khng hi cc cnh qu non.
Lm t
Chn t tht nh, ct pha c pH: 5,5-6,5, ch ng nc, cch li khu vc
c cht thi cng nghip t 1-2km, vi cht thi thnh ph t nht 200m, cch
xa ng quc l t nht 100m, khng tn d ho cht c hi, d lng kim
loi nng rt nh. t trng phi c cy ba k, san phng rung, lm sch
c. Trc khi cy cn bn phn lt.
Mt , khong cch
Nn cy theo hng, khong cch gia cc hng, cc km l 15 cm (2
nhnh/khm) tin chm sc v thu hi.
Thu hi, ging
- Sau cy 20-25 ngy hi v la u
- Khi hi li 2-3 t thn trn mt nc (hi st gc cy b ngp s khng
mc li)
- Sau khi hi v, tu thuc iu kin chm sc, nhit v lng nc iu
chnh trong rung thi gian thu hi t 18-25 ngy /la.
- chun b ging cho nm sau, t cui thng 9, chn chn t thp rung
tt, cy ba t k v cy li, lc ny cn cy dy 45-50 khm/m2
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Bn phn
Lng phn bn nh sau: Phn chung hoai mc 15-20 t/ha (540-720
kg/so), phn m ur: 330kg/ha (12kg/so), phn ln supe: 420-550 kg/ha
(12-20kg/so), phn kali sulfat: 80-90kg/ha (3-3,3kg/so)
Khng th dng phn chung ti, phn bc ti bn, c th dng phn
hu c sinh hc, hoc phn rc ch bin thay th phn chung vi lng bng
1/3 lng phn chung.
Cch bn: Bn lt bng ton b phn chung + ln + 2kg ur
Bn thc: lng phn cn li c bn thc lm nhiu ln, mi ln 0,5kg ur,
0,1-0,2 kg kali sulfat cho 1 so sau mi t thu hi.
Rau mung t gp bnh hi m thng gp nhiu loi su hi nh su khoang,
su ba ba, b ban miu u tp trung ph hi nng t thng 3.
3.Rau ay, rau mng ti

Rau ay (Saluot) - c hai loi 1) loi mu xanh, l to ca Phi lut tn,

rt khe. Tri di nh tri u, bn trong c nhiu ngn y ht.
2) loi mu tm, l nh ca Vietnam, tri trn , bn trong cng c ngn
cha ht. Loi ny hi yu, trng chm ln hn loi xanh.
Dn mt khonh t cho sch ri ht ln t, ph li bng mt lp t mng.
My ngy u ti nc nh nh, kiu phun, ht khng b tri i, chng
ht ny mm, bn r, bt u ti nhiu hn.
Rau mng ti - c hai loi: trng (xanh) v tm. Mng ti c th trng
bng nhnh hay ht. Bng nhnh mau n hn. Khi mua mng ti ch,
dnh vi cng ngt ht l, cm xung t m, ti nc thng
xuyn, vi tun cy bt r, mc thm ngon k l.

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Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

4.Mp

- Ht ging: Ht ch ly phn gia nhng qu mp gi (b phn u v

ui), ly xong em i sch, loi b ht lp (ht ni) ri em phi k t 1 - 3
nng, ngui cho vo chai l, nt kn ni cao ro, thong mt, n thi
v trng th ly ra s dng.
- t: Chn ni t m, thot nc, gn cy cao mp leo, phi lm
gin, li rt sai qu.
- Thi v: Vo thng ging, hai m lch, chn ngy nng m gieo ht, ht
chng mc. Dng phn hoai, phn mc o u vi t, ri gieo, gieo thnh
hng hoc thnh hc, mi hc gieo t 1 - 5 ht, ph t nh, cm ro xung
quanh trnh g bi.

- Chm sc: Khi ht cha mc, thnh thong ti nc nh, nu t kh. Khi
cy mc 20 - 30cm khng cho leo ln gin vi, dng ko ct ht tay, rt dy
xung

khoanh

xung

quanh gc 3 - 4 vng, dng

rm r mc hoc t lp

nh (cha ngn). Khi no

ngn vn ti 50 - 60cm

lc mi cho leo ln gin

hoc cy to v cao s cho

nhiu qu hn v cy pht

trin c tip xc nhiu

nh nng mt tri. Dng ln,

kali ngm nc ti cho

cy, cn m dng rt t nu

bn nhiu ch tt dy, tt

l nh hng ln n qu. m

khng cho leo ln gin vi, dng ko ct ht tay, rt dy xung khoanh xung
quanh gc 3 - 4 vng, dng rm r mc hoc t lp nh (cha ngn). Khi
no ngn vn ti 50 - 60cm lc mi cho leo ln gin hoc cy to v cao
s cho nhiu qu hn v cy pht trin c tip xc nhiu nh nng mt tri.
Dng ln, kali ngm nc ti cho cy, cn m dng rt t nu bn nhiu ch
tt dy, tt l nh hng ln n qu.

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Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

5.Rau x lch xoong

X lch c hai loi:

X lch trng: l trng chu c ma nng, cun chc.
X lch li ti: l xanh, tn ln, t cun, xp, chu ng.
Nhn chung, v mt k thut gieo trng ca cc ging x lch l nh nhau.
- Thi v gieo trng:
X lch trng gieo t thng 7 n thng 2.
X lch li ti gieo trong cc thng 3-4 n trong v h.
- Lm t v bn lt: t cn c lm ti xp, nh, k. Lung ln cao 710cm. Phn bn lt cho 1 ha l 7-10 tn phn chung hai mc cng vi 40kg
kali.
- Mt trng: khong cch gia cc cy l 15-18 cm.
- Chm sc: Sau khi trng cn tin hnh ti nc ngay. Mi ngy ti mt
ln. V sau ch cn ti gi m 2-3 ngy ti 1 ln.
Ch tin hnh xi xo khi cy cn nh. Kt hp xi t vi lm c.
Khi cy c 15-20 ngy tui m c biu hin l mu trng nht, chng t
cy b thiu phn. Cn bn thc bng phn m vi lng 33-35kg ure cho
1ha hoc ha phn chung ra ti cho x lch. Bn thc xong cn ti nc
ra l ngay.
Nhn chung rau x lch l ging rau trng ngn ngy, t c su bnh nn ch
cn tin hnh lm t k, chm sc x lch pht trin tt th s thu c x
lch c nng sut v cht lng mong mun.
Trng c 30-40 ngy th c th thu hoch rung rau x lch.

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Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

6.Rau ci ngt
Thi v: V ng xun: Gieo t thng 8 n thng
11; v h thu: gieo t thng 2 n thng 6.
Vn m: Cy ci ngt c th gieo ht thng hoc
gieo vn m ri cy. Lm t nh, ln lung
rng 1m, cao 30cm, rnh rng 30cm. Bn lt phn chung hoai mc 2 3kg/m2. Nu gieo lin chn th dng 0,5 - 1g ht ging/m2; nu gieo vn
m ri cy th 1 - 1,2g ht ging/m2. Gieo ht xong ph tru hoc rm r ln
mt lung ri dng thng doa ti u, sau mi ngy ti mt ln.
Lm t, trng: Chn t ct pha hoc tht nh c pH 5,5 - 6,5. Lm t
nh, ln lung rng 1m, cao 30cm, rnh rng 30cm. Bn phn chung hoai
mc 1,2 - 2kg/m2. Nu khng c phn chung c th s dng phn hu c vi
sinh, lng dng 100 - 110kg/so Bc B. Trn u phn vi sinh vi m, san
phng mt lung, sau gieo ht hoc cy. Nu gieo lin chn th ta lm 2
t khi cy c 2 - 3 l tht vi khong cch 15 - 20cm. Nu cy th khong
cch 20-25cm, bo m mt trng 3.000 - 3.600 cy/so Bc b.
Bn phn:
Lng bn (tnh 1 so Bc b):
+ Phn chung: 700kg (hoc 400kg phn chung + 100kg phn Bokashi). C
th dng phn hu c vi sinh hoc phn rc ch bin thay th (bng 1/3
lng phn chung).
+ Phn ha hc: 5,5kg ure + 12 -15kg supe ln + 2,5kg kali clorua.
Cch bn:
+ Bn lt: Ton b phn chung, phn hu c vi sinh v phn ln + 30%
lng phn m + 50% lng phn kali.
+ Bn thc:

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Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

- Ln 1: Bn 40% lng m + 30% lng kali; bn khi cy hi xanh (sau

trng 7 - 10 ngy).
- Ln 2: Bn lng m v kali cn li; bn sau trng 16 - 20 ngy.
Ngoi lng phn trn, gia cc t bn thc nn bn phn qua l cho rau.
Lng 0,1 - 0,2kg/so, ha vi nc cho vo bnh phun u trn mt l. C
th s dng ch phm EM phun hoc ti cho rau.
Chm sc: Ci ngt l cy ngn ngy, rt cn nc sinh trng, do vy
cn phi gi m thng xuyn. Sau trng ti mi ngy 1 ln, sau 2 - 3
ngy th ti 1 ln. Kt hp cc ln ti vi cc t bn thc. Nht sch c
di, xi xo v vun gc 1 - 2 ln.
Phng tr su bnh: Ci ngt thng b cc loi su bnh hi chnh nh: cc
loi rp, b nhy, su xm, su t, su xanh, bnh thi nhn. Dng cc loi
thuc sau phng tr: Sherpa 25EC hoc thuc tr su sinh hc Bt dit
tr su. S dng Rhidomil MZ72 WP, Score 25EC phng tr bnh thi
nhn, phun vi nng v liu lng ghi trn bao b ca nh sn xut. Cn s
dng cc bin php phng tr tng hp nh v sinh ng rung, lun canh
cy trng, bn phn cn i...
Thu hoch: Khi thu hoch cn loi b cc l gc, l gi, l b su bnh, ch
ra sch, cy khng b gip nt cho vo bao b sch s dng.
7. Mp ng

Thi v v t trng
Mp ng (kh qua) c gieo t u thng 3-9, thu
hoch t thng 5-12. Nu gieo mun nng sut s gim,
su bnh hi tng ln.
t trng nn chn loi t tht nh, t pha ct, ti xp,
bng phng, d ti v thot nc, pH t 5,5-6,5.

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Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

t cy ba k, lm sch c trc khi gieo. Ln lung 1,3-1,4m, mt lung

rng 1-1,2m, cao 30cm.
Ch chn t trng cch xa khu cng nghip, ngha trang, bnh vin, ngun
nc thi, ng quc l 100m.
- Khong cch trng 75-80cm x 25cm/cy. Mt : 5-5,7 vn cy/ha.
Phn bn
Tuyt i khng c dng phn chung, phn bc ti v nc phn ti
bn hoc ti.
Phn chung bn lt 15-20 tn/ha (550-740kg/so); cng c th dng phn
hu c sinh hc, hoc phn rc ch bin thay th phn chung vi lng bng
1/3 lng phn chung.
Phn m: 100-120kg/ha, chia lm 4 ln bn thc.
Phn ln: 60kg/ha dng bn lt.
Phn kali: 90kg/ha, bn lt 50%, cn li chia 2 ln bn thc.
Bn thc ln 1 khi cy c 4-5 l tht; ln 2 cy bt u n hoa; ln 3 khi thu
qu t 1; ln 4 khi thu qu t 3.
Ngoi cch bn vo t, c th phun qua l cc dung dch dinh dng a
lng, trung lng, vi lng theo hng dn s dng. S dng nc phn
x l ti xen k cc t bn phn ho hc duy tr sinh trng.
Chm sc:
Lm c, xi vun kt hp vi 2 ln bn thc u, ch yu xi t v vun cao
trc khi cm gin.
- Dng ngun nc ti sch, khng dng nc thi cha qua x l ti.
Cn gi m t 80-85% vo cc t hoa ci n r.

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Ch

thu

hoch

qu

Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

sau

khi

bn

nht

10

ngy.

- Cn ta b qu b su hi v qu nh trong qu trnh chm sc.

Phng tr su bnh
- Di c qu: dng Sherpa 20EC, Sumicidin 10EC, Cyperan 25EC, thi gian
cch ly ti thiu 7 ngy.
- Su xanh: dng Cyperan 25EC, Mimic 20FC, Sherpa 20EC, thi gian cch
ly ti thiu 7 ngy.
- Di c l: Baythroit 50EC, Confidorr 100SL, Ofatox 400EC.
- Bnh hi: bnh phn trng hi ch yu trn l dng Anvil 5SC, Score
250EC, thi gian cch ly ti thiu 10 ngy.
Thu hoch
- Sau khi gieo 48-50 ngy (ging a phng) v 45-50 ngy (ging nhp ni)
bt u thu hoch qu.
- Thu hoch ng chn, nht l ng thi k chn thng phm t c
nng sut v cht lng.
8.Da chut

Da chut thch nghi vi iu kin kh hu nng m,

nhit thch hp vi sinh trng ca da chut l 30
C v ban ngy v 18-21 C v ban m. nh sng
nhiu lm qu ln nhanh, mp, cht lng qu tt.
Trong iu kin ngy ngn, da chut thng c nhiu l v sai qu.
Nhu cu v nc ca cy da chut cao nhng li khng chu c ng. Cy
sinh trng thch hp trn t giu dinh dng, thot nc tt v pH trong
khong 6,0 - 6,5.
Ging v thi v

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Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

Da chut gm c cc ging qu nh, qu trung bnh v nhm qu to nn

chn ging c cht lng cao, nng sut cao v chng chu c su bnh.
Da chut c th trng 2 v mt nm.
- V xun: gieo cui thng ging n cui thng 2.
- V ng: gieo ht t u thng 9 n cui thng 10.
Trng da chut gia 2 v la, cn lm bu tranh th thi v.
Gieo cy con
tit kim ht ging, cng chm sc cy giai on u v tng ng u
ca cy, cn sn xut cy con trong khay xp hoc khay nha c kch thc
60x45 cm vi s lng 60 hc/khay.
Vt liu lm bu gm 40% t, 30% tru hun hoc mn mc v 30% phn
chung mc. Cc thnh phn trn c trn u, hoi b rm, rc, vt rn sau
y cc hc trn khay, n nh ri xp khay trn gi cao cch mt t t
nht 50cm trong nh li c che mi bng vt liu sng (nylon hoc tm nha
trng)
Ht ngm trong nc m 35-40 C trong thi gian 3 gi, sau nhit
27-30 C. Khi ht nt nanh th em gieo vo cc hc, mi hc 2 ht v ti
m. Sau hng ngy u phi ti gi m cho cy cho n khi trc khi
trng 2-3 ngy th ngng ti.
Lng ht da gieo cho mi hecta t 0,7-1 kg (30g/so).
Lm t, bn phn, trng cy
Chn t cao, d thot nc nhng ch ng ngun nc ti. t tht nh
hoc ct pha c pH t 5,5-6,5. Trc 2 v khng trng cc cy cng h
bu, b.
Do b r cy da chut yu nn t trng cn cy, ba k, nh, ti xp, nht
sch c di. Ln lung rng 1,2m, cao 0,3m, rnh rng 0,3m.
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Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

Sau khi ln lung, rch hng chia lung vi khong cch 60-70 cm, cch mp
lung 20-30 cm ri bn phn vo rnh vi lng nh sau:
- Phn m: 120 kg/ha hoc 12-15 kg/so
- Phn ln: 90 kg/ha hoc 20-25 kg/so.
- Phn kali: 120 kg/ha hoc 12-15kg/so
- Phn chung mc hoai mc: 20 - 30tn hoc 7,4 - 11 t/so
Cch bn phn, ph lung: ton b phn chung, 50% phn ln cng 30%
lng phn kali c bn vo rnh, o u v lp t. Sau rc mt lp
thuc x l t ln mt lung phng su hi cy con c th dng Basudin
10H vi lng dng 27 - 30 kh/ha (tng ng 1 kg/so) v tin hnh ph
nylon. Nn s dng nylon 2 mt ri ln mt lung (mt en ri xung di
v mt c nh bc ri ln trn), chn k t hai bn mp lung ri c l vi
ng knh 10-12 cm. Khong cch mi l c 35 cm trong v ng v 40
cm trong v xun.
Trng cy: Sau khi loi b nhng cy khc dng, cy b bnh, chuyn khay ra
gia ng, nhc nh bu cy ra khi khay v ri u theo l c trn mt
lung. Vi kn bu cy di t v ti thm cho cht gc.
Ti nc, bn thc
Da chut c b r n nng nn cn nhiu nc. Ngun nc ti l nc
ging khoan, nc sng. Trc khi cm gin (20-30 ngy sau khi trng), cn
ti rnh, nc ngm vo lung ri tho ht nc. Trong v thu - ng c
th ti rnh cung cp nc cho cy. Cn thng xuyn gi m t t giai
on cy ra hoa, c bit t khi thu qu tng cht lng thng phm qu
(khi thiu nc, qu thng b ng v cong).
Kt hp gia ti nc vi bn thc 3 thi k:
- Ln 1: Khi cy c 5-6 l tht, bn 20% lng m, 25% s ln v 10% s
kali, ho vo nc ti.
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Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

- Sau khi thu la u, bn 40% lng m, 25% ln v 30% kali, bn cch xa

gc, sau ti rnh hoc ti gc.
- Bn thc ln 3 sau ln 2 t 7-10 ngy, ho nc ti nt s phn cn li
(40% m v 30% kali).
Ngoi ra c th b sung dinh dng cho cy bng cch dng phn ln ngm
vi nc phn chung hoai mc hoc b u ti cho cy. Nu vo thi
im bn thc gp tri mua lin tc nhiu ngy th chuyn sang s dng phn
bn l theo hng dn trn nhn mc.
Chm sc
Cy 5-6 l tht, lc ra tua cun cn tin hnh cm gin cho cy. Gin da
chut cm hnh ch nhn, cao 1,2 -1,6. Mi hecta cn 42-45 nghn cy dc.
Sau khi cm buc gin chc chn, dng dy ay, dy chui mm buc ngn
da ln gin theo hnh s 8. Cng vic ny lm thng xuyn n khi cy
ngng sinh trng (thu 3-4 la qu).
Thng xuyn nht sch c gc cy, ct b nhng l gi pha di to
thng thong cho rung.
Gi 3-4 cnh cp 1, mi cnh ch 1-2 t qu, cn li ct b tp trung
dinh dng cho qu thn chnh.
Phng tr su bnh
i tng su hi ch yu trn cy da chut l su xm, rp, su v ba,
nhn , b tr v su c qu
Bnh hi chnh l bnh sng mai, phn trng v ho xanh.
Ngoi cc bin php phng tr tng hp kt hp vi thm canh hp l, bn
phn cn i, ng thi k v v sinh ng rung nh trnh by trn, khi
cn thit vn s dng thuc ho hc.
Nu pht hin c su, cn dng cc loi thuc ho hc c php s dng
phun nh Sherpa 25EC 0,15-0,2%, phun u 2 mt l, thi gian cch ly 7-10
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Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

ngy; Trebon 10EC 0,1% ccg ly 10 ngy, Pegasus 500SC 0,01% hoc cc
loi thuc khc do c quan chuyn mn bo v thc vt khuyn co
Khi c bnh sng mai v phn trng xut hin, dng Ridomil 72 WP phun
mi ln 1,5kg/ha hoc Alliette 80WP phun mi ln 2 kg/ha hoc Anvil 5SC
vi lng dng 0,5-1 lt thuc/ha hoc cc loi thuc khc theo hng dn
ca c quan chuyn mn bo v thc vt hay ghi trn bao b thuc.
Thu hoch
Khi qu t tiu chun khong 4-5 ngy tui l c th thu hoch. Nu qu
gi s nh hng ti s ra hoa, u qu ca cc la tip theo, nng sut s
gim. Thu hi nh nhng trnh dt dy.
Qu nn thu vo bui sng bui chiu ti thc nc phn. Thi k r qu,
c th thu 2-3 ngy mt t.
9.RAU MI

Rau mui la rau gia vi va n thn la, va dung

lam hng liu trong cng nghip ch bin che, xa
phong.
Thi vu gieo trng:
Thang 7 8 cho n thang 10 11. Sau khi gieo
50 60 ngay cho thu hoach. Nu ly hat thi sau khi gieo 80 90 ngay.
Ky thut gieo trng va chm soc:
t trng ti xp, ai, t thoang. t lam nho, lung rng 1,2 1,5 m,
cao 20 25 cm, ranh 30 cm. Bon lot 15 20 tn phn chung muc cho 1 ha.
Trc khi gieo ngm hat 20 30 ting. Mi sao 400 450 hat. Gieo vai xong
phu mt lp t day 1 cm, ri phu kin gia. Dung thung ti co hng sen ti
u trn mt lung.

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Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

Cy moc sau khi gieo 10 15 ngay dung nc ti phn ln pha

loang hay phn am hoa nc ti. Thang u ti 5 6 ln vi 3,5 4 kg
am/sao hoc nc giai.
Thu hoach:
Sau khi moc c 1 thang thi thu hoach. Nu ly hat thi tia dn lai
khoang cach 20 x 20 cm. Nh sach co, ti phn ln. Thang 3 thu hat. Mt ha
c 6 8 ta hat.
10.C rt

Thi v.
V sm: gieo thng 7-8, thu hoch thng 10-11.
Chnh v: gieo thng 9-10, thu hoch thng 2-1.
V mun: gieo thng 1-2, thu hoch thng 4-5.
X l ht ging.
Ht c rt c lng bao ph, kh thm nc, v vy, nn b ht vo ti vi v
cho k lm gy lp lng trn b mt v ht, ri vi mn gi m 2-3 ngy
sau em gieo vi lng ht 4-5kg/ha sn xut ( 160-180g/so). Ht c
gieo u ln mt lung v ri mt lp t bt mng ln trn, dng rm r bm
nh hoc tru ph ln mt. Ti gi m hng ngy cho n khi cy mc.
t trng.
Chn t ti xp, nhiu mn, pH khong 6,O-6,8, cy ba k, ln lung,
p nh. nh lung rng 1,2-1,5m, cao 25-30cm, rnh 25-30cm. Rung xa
cc khu cng nghip, bnh vin, ngha trang, xa ngun nc thi v cht thi
v cch xa ng quc l t nht 100m.
Sau khi ht mc, ta cy m bo mt 330.000-423.000 cy/ha.
Phn bn.
Tuyt i khng c dng phn v nc phn ti.
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Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

Lng phn bn nh sau:

Tng s
Loi

kg/ha

Bn lt
kg/so kg/ha

Bn thc sau trng

kg/so 30 ngy

45 ngy

phn
kg/ha kg/so kg/ha kg/so
Phn

20.000 700

20.000 700

27

30

30

300

10

300

10

100

3,5

25

30

45

1,5

chung
m u 87
r
Supe
ln
Kali
Sulpat

C th dng Nitrat amon hoc Sunfat amon thay cho m ur, kali clorua thay
cho kali sunfat hoc cc dng phn hn hp, phc hp NPK bn vi liu
nguyn cht tng ng.
Ti nc, chm sc.
+ Ti nc.
T gieo n mc lun gi m cho t (dng nc sch, nh nc ging
khoan hoc nc ph sa). Khi c rt mc u, 3-5 ngy ti 1 ln. Khi hnh
thnh c, mi tun ti mt ln. Hn ch ti sau khi mc 60 ngy.
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Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

+ Vun xi, ta.

Khi cy cao 5-8 cm ta b nhng cy xu ln th nht; khi cy cao 12-15 cm
ta ln th 2, m bo mt (cy cch cy 10-12cm, hng cch hng 20
Phng tr su bnh.
C rt thng b su xm, su khoang, rp, i khi b bnh thi en.
Bin php phng tr ch yu vi su xm, su khoang l bt bng tay. Nu
mt su khoang nhiu c th dng Trebon 10EC 0,2% hoc Sherpa 25EC
phun vi liu lng 0,15%.
Phng tr bnh ch yu bng bin php canh tc, phng bnh l chnh.
Thu hoch.
Khi cc l di vng, l non ngng sinh trng, vai c trn u l thu hoch
ngay. Nh c trnh va qut, lm sy st, ct b l xp vo hm g 20-25kg.
Nn ct l li cung 10-15cm cho c ti lu. Lm ng theo quy trnh ny
c th t nng sut 30 tn/ha.
11.Sp l xanh.

Trn th trng, sp l xanh l loi rau d tiu th, gi bn tng i cao nn

c nhiu nng dn chn trng. gip b con trng sp l xanh hiu qu
trong v ng, xin gii thiu mt s k thut c bn.
Thi v
Trng sp l xanh tt nht vo thng 10-11-12, chn ging chu rt. Trng
khi cy c 4-5 l tht.
K thut trng
Sau khi t c cy ba k, nht sch c di th ln lung rng 1-1,2m,
cao 18-20cm, rnh rng 25-30cm. Lng phn bn cho 1 so Bc B
(360m2): Phn chung hoai mc 500 - 800kg; ur 4 - 6kg; kali 4-5kg; ln 810kg. Bn ton b phn hu c + ln + 1/3 ur + 1/3 kali, trn u ri bn
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Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

vo hc hoc rch t su 15-20cm, b phn ri lp kn t. Nu thi tit

khng thun li th bn phn khi cy hi xanh.
Mt trng
i vi ging chn mun v ging c b l ln, khong cch trng hng cch
hng 70cm, cy cch cy 60cm, mt trng 2 - 2,5 vn cy/ha.
Chm sc
Thi k hi xanh: Sau khi trng phi ti nc gi m thng xuyn, ti 12 ln/ngy tu theo thi tit. Kim tra ng rung kp thi cy dm nhng
cy b cht. Sau trng 10-15 ngy th xi ph vng, xi su, xi rng gip t
ti xp, nht sch c di.
Thi k hi xanh, chi l: Ti bng phng php ti rnh, trung bnh 7-10
ngy ti 1 ln. Xi nng, vun t vo gc. Dng 1-2kg ur/so, ti 2-3 ln,
cch nhau 4-5 ngy thc cho cy nhanh pht trin. Cng c th bn kh
cch gc 7-10cm, sau a nc vo rnh, dng go ti nc ho tan phn
m.
Thi k ra ng hoa, thu hoch: Tip tc ti nc, ti thc phn khi cy
c ng hoa, trc khi thu hoch 1 thng ngng ti nc; cch 7-10 ngy,
ti thc kali khong 2-3 ln cho ti khi thu hoch. Ch khng phn ri
trn l v ng hoa. Khi cy bt u c n hoa, ng knh khong 3-4cm th
tin hnh che hoa bng cch b gp l gn hoa, che ln n hoa, cng c th
buc tm nhng l xung quanh ng hoa.
Thu hoch
Thu khi hoa cn non, nu thu mun hoa n s gim cht lng. T khi xut
hin n hoa n khi thu hoch khong 15-20 ngy, tu theo ging v iu
kin thi tit.
Khi thu hoch dng dao sc ct ngang cy, li 4-5 l bo v hoa. Sau
khi thu hoch cn tiu th ngay.
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Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

12.Rau cn ty

Lm t
Rau cn ty l loi rau dng lm nguyn liu trong cc mn xo. Ngoi ra cn
ty cn c tc dng lm thuc li tiu, cha bnh cao huyt p...
Rau cn ty rt d trng, c th sng trn nhiu loi t (tr t phn, qu
mn). t lm k, ti xp, thit k mng lip cn i ch ng ti tiu:
mt lip rng 1,2- 1,5m, cao 20 - 30cm; khi lm t nn ri (70-100kg) vi
bt/1.000m2 hn ch nm bnh pht trin.
Gieo ht
Nu ch ng c nc ti c th gieo trng rau cn ty bt c ma no
trong nm. Nn chn thi tit mt m gieo ht, gieo 1-1,2kg ht/1.000m2.
Trc khi gieo nn ngm ht trong nc m khong 15-20 gi ht ht
nc, kch thch ht ny mm, sau vt ra, trn vi tro bp ri u trn mt
lip (ma nng c th gieo ht kh trn vi tro bp, t bt). Gieo xong ri
mt t Basudin 10H tr kin, mi tha ht, ri ph lip bng rm r hay tro
tru, t bt v ti nc tht m.
Bn phn
Tu theo ph nhiu ca t m bn phn hp l: bn (1-1,5 tn) phn hu
c + (15-20kg) ure + (15-20kg) DAP + 10kg super ln cho 1.000m2; c th
s dng cc loi phn hn hp c hm lng NPK tng ng.
- Bn lt ton b phn hu c v 8kg super ln khi lm t. Sau khi ht ny
mm, ngm 2kg super ln cn li ti cho cy pht trin b r.
- Bn thc lng DAP, ure chia lm 3 ln bn vo ngy th 20, 30, 40 sau
khi ht mc mm bng cch ri u trn lip ri ti nc. Khi bn phn cn
cha li mt t ure pha ti dm nhng ni cy mc yu, l xanh nht
nht. Nu dng phn hn hp NPK.
Chm sc

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Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

L cy thn tho, rau cn ty d b dp nt, nu gieo ht ph rm r ti, khi

cy mc phi d bt rm r cy pht trin, dng vi hoa sen l nh ti
nc cy khng b gip nt v khng lm t b vng; cn ta bt nu cy
mc qu dy.
Rau cn ty l cy ngn ngy nn t b su bnh ph hi, qu trnh chm sc
ch cn cung cp nc, song khng qu m hoc ngp nc, nm bnh d
pht trin lm cht cy. Nu rung rau c su bnh nn dng thuc tr su vi
sinh phng tr.
Nn dng phun thuc, bn phn trc thu hoch 7-10 ngy trnh tn ng
d lng thuc, phn, khng gy c hi cho ngi tiu dng
13.Trng hnh l

Hnh l c tn khoa hc l Allium fistulosum thuc h

Hnh (Alliaceae). Tn ting Anh l Green onion (hnh
l).
Hu nh trong cc ba cm hng ngy ca mi gia nh, khng th vng
bng cy hnh, do hnh l c trng quanh nm phc v cho nhu cu
ca cc b ni tr.
Hnh l c th trng trong chu, bi, nhng t trng quanh nh hoc thm
canh , xen v trn din tch ln.
t trng hnh l khng kn lm, c th trng trn chn t st pha tht, t
tht, tht pha ct,...Tuy nhin, tt nht l trn t tht.
Ging
Hin nay c 2 ging hnh ph bin: Ging hnh gc tm (hnh sy) v gc
trng (hnh hng). Hnh gc tm nng dn thch trng hn v nng sut cao,
t su bnh v t gy l hn. Hnh hng cng v gc nh nhng rt thm.
Lm t

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Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

Lip trng hnh c th rng 1,2- 1,4 m, cao khong 20 - 40 cm, t phi c
lm ti nh, sch c di. Ma nng lip trng c th thp khong 20-25 cm l
t yu cu.
Mt v khong cch
Lng ging cn cho 1000 m2 l: 300-400 kg (ma ma) v 400-500 kg (ma
nng)
Khong cch hng cch hng: 20-30 cm. Khong cch cy cch cy: 20-25
cm. Mi hc, 2 tp hnh.
Rnh gia 2 lip rng: 20-30 cm.
Khong cch trng cn tu thuc vo ma v. Ma nng c th trng dy hn
ma ma.
Trng cy
Trng bng cy gc, chn cy gi, gc to, khng qu non mm, l cng, c
phn trng. Hnh khi mua ging v em trng ngay, mt lip c th cy 4-5
hng ty theo rng ca mt lip. Cn phi ri mt lp rm mng ln mt
lip trc khi trng nhm gi m cho cy sau khi trng, t bit l ma ma.
Nu gip cy pht trin nhanh hn th dng chy c u nhn dng l vi
su 2-3cm ri cy hnh ln.
Hnh l c th c tn dng trng trong chu , t xung quanh nh.
Phn bn
Lng phn cn bn cho cy ty thuc vo nhu cu ca cy, ph nhiu ca
t (tnh cho 1.000 m2). C th tham kho cng thc phn bn nh sau:
Bn lt (trc khi trng): Tro tru ( hoai): 200-300 kg, 10 kg DAP (hoc
20kg Super ln)
Bn thc: C th pha phn vo nc ti
t 1 (8 ngy sau khi trng): 5kg DAP
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Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

t 2 (16 ngy sau khi trng): 10kg DAP

t 3 (23 ngy sau khi trng): 15kg DAP
Lu : Nn ngng ti v phun phn bn trc thu hoch t nht 7- 10 ngy.
Chm sc
Lm c: Lm c bng tay trnh s cnh tranh dinh dng ca c vi hnh.
Ti nc: Cy hnh rt cn nc trong qu trnh sinh trng cung cp
nc cho cy 1 - 2 ln/ngy.
Su bnh
Trng hnh rt s bnh thn th: Do c th hn ch bnh ny cn x l
ging trc khi trng bng thuc Roral, Anvil, Validacin, Ridomyl...
Su xanh, di c l c th s dng Padan, Furadan ri vo gc hoc phun
theo liu hng dn.
p dng bin php phng tr tng hp:
- Bin php canh tc:
Lun canh vi cy trng khc h ct t cu ni su bnh gia cc v.
Chn ging sch, nu cn thit nn nhng l hnh ging vo dung dch thuc
tr bnh Rovral x l ging.
Ma nng trng dy , ma ma trng tha 10- 15Cm. Bn phn cn i gia
m, ln, kali. Nn bn thm phn chung hoai vo ln bn lt hoc phn hu
c vi sinh. Hn ch vic ti Ur nh k bng cch phun phn bn l, phn
bn sinh hc.
V sinh ng rung: Lm sch c, ti y nc, ta b l gi ,l b su
bnh.
- Bin php vt l- c hc:
Lm t phi i, x l vi 100-200Kg/1cng, tiu dit mm mng su bnh.
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Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

Ln lip cao, thot nc tt, ph rm sch trnh mm bnh ly lan.

- Bin php sinh hc:
Hn s dng thuc tr su bo tn thin ch, nht l ong k sinh, cc, ch,
nhi . . .
S dng cc ch phm sinh hc nh AIM tr di c l hnh v thuc iu
ha sinh trng nh: Mimic, Atabron tr su xanh da lng.
Thu hoch
Hnh trng c 45-60 ngy l c th thu hoch. Nhng c th thu hoch
sm hn hoc mun hn ty theo th trng v gi c. Mt cng hnh
(1.000m2) c th thu hoch 4 tn (ma thun - ma nng) v t 2 tn (ma
nghch). Ngng phun thuc bo v thc vt trc khi thu hoch 20 ngy.
14.Rau ngt

Cn gi l rau b ngt, b ngt, m chnh)

Tn khoa hc: Sauropus Androgynus (L.)
H: Thu du Euphorbyaceae.
1/ c im sinh hc
- Thuc cy thn g, mc thng ng, phn
nhiu cnh.
- Cy cao khong 1,5 m, c khi ln n 2 m.
- L mc cch, phin l hnh bu dc, mu xanh m.
- Hoa rau ngt n tnh, hnh sim; qu hnh trn ging nh qu c nhng nh
hn.
- Rau ngt l cy c nhiu cht b, lnh tnh,
c bit cho nhiu Vitamin A, C.
2/ K thut trng
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* Ging
- C th trng cy b ngt t ht nhng t l ny mm ca ht thng rt thp
v thi gian cy cho thu hoch lu.
- Trng bng cch gim cnh:
Trn nhng cy b ngt sinh trng mnh (cy khong 6 8 tui sau khi
trng), khng su bnh hi chn nhng cnh kho, cnh bnh t (khng
gi, khng non) cnh va ho nu, sau ct tng khong di 20 cm lm
ging cho v sau. Bng cch nh sau:
+ Bc 1: Chun b tru lm lip gim cnh (tru c hoai). Tu
theo kch thc vn: chiu rng khong 1 1.2 m; chiu cao mt lip
khong 10 cm.
+ Bc 2: Chun b cy ging (nhng on cy ging va nu trn).
+ Bc 3: Nhng vo dung dch NAA (kch thch ra r) pha sn nng .
+ Bc 4: Ghim cy ging ln lip chun b, nghing ca cy so vi
mt lip khong 45.
+ Bc 5: Sau khi ghim khong 20 25 ngy cy ra r v co th em ra rung
(vn) trng, ti nuc gi m.
* t:
Cy rau ngt rt d trng, thch hp trn nhiu vng t, nhng t khng b
nhiu phn v mn l c. Tt nht l trng trn t tht nhiu bn, thot
nc tt.
* Thi v:
C th trng quanh nm, tt nht l u ma ma.
* Khong cch trng:
Hng cch hng 50 60 cm. Cy cch cy 25 30 cm, mi hc c th trng 2
cy.
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* Phn bn (tnh cho 1.000 m2):

- Bn lt: 1,5 2 tn phn chung hoai mc.
Super ln: 10 15 kg.
Kali: 3 4 kg.
- Bn thc: C th chia lm 2 ln bn, s dng phn Ur khong 5kg/ln (1
thng sau trng) v ln 2 sau khong 20 25 ngy. Trong thi gian , kt
hp s dng thm phn bn l b sung thm vi lng cho cy.
- Do cy rau ngt thu hoch lin tc, sau mi ln thu hoch c th ch bn cho
cy 1 ln phn v khong 6 thng nn bn thm phn hu c cho cy. Hai
nm sau trng li cy mi
* Chm sc:
- V sinh vn, trnh c cnh tranh dinh dng vi cy, hn ch su bnh hi.
- Ti nc 1 ngy/ln.
- Trong qu trnh thu hoch cy kt hp vi ct ta, to cy c b khung tn
p, vn thng thong.
* Phng tr su bnh:
Cy rau ngt tng i t b su bnh hi tn cng. Nu c th cc i tng
su bnh hi trn cy ch yu nh: Su cun l, su xanh: S dng cc loi
thuc vi sinh Biocin lun phin vi thuc Sherpa, Sherzol, SecSaigon.
* Thu hoch:
- Thu hoch rau ngt bng cch ct cnh hoc hi l.
- Sau khi trng khong 2 thng th chng ta c th thu hoch t u.
- Cc t tip theo sau khong 25 30 ngy.

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Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

15.Rau dip c

Cy dip c mc t nhin nhiu ni, thng mc thnh tng m

ven sng sui, ao h, knh rch, b rung... Dip c l loi cy chu bng v
a m
Cch trng:
Cy sinh trng mnh t ma xun n u ma ng pha Bc v
ma kh cc tnh pha Nam.
T mt cy dip c ban u, sau 1 - 2 nm c th pht trin thnh tng
m, bi ngoi pht trin t ht, dip c c kh nng ti sinh chi mnh t
thn r.
Thi v trng tt nht l vo ma xun (thng 2 - 4). Trng bng cch
gim cnh hoc nh, tch gc cy ly nhng cy con em trng.
t trng lm k, ti nh, sau ln lung rng 60 - 70 cm, cao 10 15 cm.
Cy trng trn lung vi khong cch 10 x 10 cm hoc 15 x 15 cm.
Khi bng cy trng ch khng lm t d, v dip c c b d n
tng i su.
Lc mi trng, cy cn c m bo m cao v lm sch c.
T khi cy ra hoa qu tr i, dip c c th pht trin thnh bi. Ma
cho nhiu l t thng 4 - 9.
Sau mi ln thu hi, cn bn thc bng phn chung hoai mc. Phn
c rc u ln mt lung ri rc t nh lp kn phn.
Rau dip c c th thu hi trong nhiu nm.

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Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

16.B ao

Cy b ao/Cy b xanh Loi: Cy thn b Phn n

c: Qu non, l non, ngn non. Gi tr nng lng:
50Kj/100g
Cng dng:
- Qu non c dng nu thnh nhiu mn canh khc nhau, c th nu vi
tht, tm, ht sen, nm v mng.
- C th thi lt phi kh n dn hoc lm mt, ko.
- L non, ngn non v hoa b dng lm rau.
- Ht kh rang lm n nh.
- V sp ca qu b ao c th c dng lm nn.
- Qu b ao c cng dng chng bo, gim ph, chng say nng, st cao, hn
m, rm sy, ph thng do vim thn mn tnh, li tiu, nhun trng, iu tr
ri lon thn kinh.
Vt liu gieo trng: Ht
t: t tht nh, thot nc tt; pH = 5,0 - 7,0
Kh hu: Nhit i, nhit thch hp cho sinh trng 23-280C. T l hoa
ci/hoa c tng khi thi tit tng i mt

v ngy

ngn.

K thut trng
Ging: B trch, b bu, b lng.
Khong cch v mt trng:
- Lung n: Hc X hc = 50-60cm
-

Lung

i:

Hng

hng

60cm;

hc

hc

1m

Thi v: V ma: Gieo 25/1-25/2; Thu hoch non vo thng 4-5; thu hoch b
gi cui thng 6 u thng 7. V chim: Gieo 25/6-5/7; Thu hoch thng 10.
Chun b t v cch trng: Lm t k, i. Ln lung n rng 70-80cm, cao
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Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

25-35cm, rnh lung rng 30cm trng b chim. Ln lung i (2 hng)

rng 1,2 - 1,3m, cao 25-35cm, rnh lung rng 30cm. Bn lt 20 - 25 tn
phn chung + 200kg supe ln + 100 Kg kali sunfat cho 1 ha. Gieo 3-4
ht/hc, sau li 2 cy/hc. T khi cy mc n khi cy b cn xi vng 2-3
ln kt hp vun gc.
Khi cy di 50cm th ly t lp ln ngang t, c cch 1-2 t li lp chn
cy ra nhiu r bt nh, hng ngn b b t hc ny sang hc kia sau
mi nng dy cho leo gin. Cn ta ngn, bm ngn, mi dy ch 2 nhnh
chnh.
Chm sc:
Bn phn: Dng phn bc, nc gii hoc ur pha long ti cho cy 3 ln:
Ln 1: Khi cy c 4-6 l tht.
Ln 2: Khi cy c n hoa.

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Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

3.2.3.Danh mc trang thit b.

n v: ng
STT Tn thit b
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

My mc thit b ch
yu
My bm nc.
Xng
Cuc
My cy
ng phi 27
My phun thuc tr su
Kha nc
Vi phun t ng
Bng in 25W

10
11
12
13
14
15
15.1
15.2
16
17
18
19
B
1
2
3
4

Dy in
Xo
Quang gnh
Thng
n gnh
Cn in t
Cn in t 5 kg
Cn in t 100kg
Cy rc
Dy thp
Dy buc bng nilon
Xe ti
Thit b vn phng
My tnh
My in
in thoi
Qut treo tng

Nhm1 QTKD1-K9

n
v

S
lng

n gi

Thnh tin

ci
Ci
ci
ci
cy
ci
ci
ci
bn
g
mt
ci
i
ci
Ci

8
10
20
1
168
2
118
20
580

1 500 000
37 000
23 000
12 000 000
13 000
200 000
10 000
20 000
3 500

12 000 000
370 000
460 000
12 000 000
2 184 000
400 000
1 180 000
400 000
2 030 000

1 200
20
10
20
10

1 500
17 000
30 000
20 000
10 000

1 800 000
340 000
300 000
400 000
100 000

ci
ci
cy
kg
kg
ci

3
2
10 400
15
15
1

100 000
500 000
800
15 000
30 000
120 000 000

300 000
1 000 000
8 320 000
225 000
450 000
120 000 000

3
6000 000
1
2 000 000
3
520 000
3
175 000
Tng

18 000 000
2 000 000
1 560 000
525 000
186 344 000

B
ci
ci
ci

40

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Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

3.3. Tc ng mi trng
D n trng rau sch thuc loi hnh khng gy tc ng n mi trng
trong qu trnh hot ng.Tiu chun thit k d n p dng theo ng quy
nh ca c quan nh nc qun l mi trng v khoa hc cng ngh.
3.4.Ngun cung cp c yu t u vo
Ging rau ca d n c cung cp bi cty CP ging cy trng TW (S
Lng nh Ca- Phng Mai- ng a- H Ni)
Phn bn c cung cp bi Cty phn m Min Bc
Thuc bo v thc vt mua ti i l thuc BVTV ca huyn.Do d n
ch ng trong ngun cung ng u vo.

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Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

CHNG 4: A IM THC HIN D N

4.1. a im t d n.
a im sn xut v c s h tng c xy dng trn x Vn c, huyn
Gia Lm, H Ni.
4.2. Phn tch v a im
iu kin t nhin.
H Ni nm v tr trung tm ng bng Bc B, gii hn trong khong t
20o 53' n 21o 23' v Bc, 105o 44' n 106o 02' kinh ng, tip gip
vi 5 tnh: pha bc gip Thi Nguyn,pha ng gip Bc Ninh, Bc Giang,
pha ng Nam gip Hng Yn ,pha Nam v Ty Nam gip H Ty (c) v
Vnh Phc . H Ni c din tch t nhin 918,1 km2, khong cch di nht t
pha bc xung pha nam l trn 50km v ch rng nht t ty sang ng 30
km. im cao nht l ni Chn Chim: 462 m (huyn Sc Sn); ni thp nht
thuc x Gia Thy (huyn Gia Lm) 12 m so vi mt nc bin. H Ni nm
hai bn b sng Hng, gia vng ng bng Bc B tr ph v ni ting t
lu i, H Ni c v tr v a th p, thun li tr thnh trung tm chnh
tr, kinh t, vn ho, khoa hc v u mi giao thng quan trng ca c nc.
a hnh
i b phn din tch H Ni nm trong vng ng bng chu th sng Hng
vi cao trung bnh t 15m n 20m so vi mt bin. Cn li ch c khu
vc i ni pha bc v pha Ty Bc ca huyn Sc Sn thuc ra pha nam
ca dy ni Tam o c cao t 20m n trn 400m vi nh Chn Chim
cao nht l 462m. a hnh ca H Ni thp dn t bc xung nam v t ty
sang ng. iu ny c phn nh r nt qua hng dng chy t nhin ca
cc dng sng chnh thuc a phn H Ni. Dng a hnh ch yu ca H
Ni l ng bng c bi p bi cc dng sng vi cc bi bi hin i, bi
bi cao v cc bc thm. Xen gia cc bi bi hin i v cc bi bi cao cn
c cc vng trng vi cc h, m (du vt ca cc lng sng c). Ring cc
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Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

bc thm ch c phn ln huyn Sc Sn v pha bc huyn ng Anh,

ni c a th cao trong a hnh ca H Ni. Ngoi ra, H Ni cn c cc
dng a hnh ni v i xm thc tp trung khu vc i ni Sc Sn vi
din tch khng ln lm.
Kh hu
Kh hu H Ni kh tiu biu cho kiu kh hu Bc B vi c im l kh
hu nhit i gi ma m, ma H nng, ma nhiu v ma ng lnh, ma
t. Nm trong vng nhit i, H Ni quanh nm tip nhn c lng bc x
mt tri rt di do v c nhit cao. Lng bc x tng cng trung bnh
hng nm H Ni l 122,8 kcal/cm2 v nhit khng kh trung bnh hng
nm l 23,6oC. Do chu nh hng ca bin, H Ni c m v lng ma
kh ln. m tng i trung bnh hng nm l 79%. Lng ma trung
bnh hng nm l 1245 mm v mi nm c khong 114 ngy ma. c im
kh hu H Ni r nt nht l s thay i v khc bit ca hai ma nng, lnh.
T thng 5 n thng 9 l ma nng v ma. T thng 11 n thng 3 nm
sau l ma ng thi tit kh ro. Gia hai ma li c hai thi k chuyn
tip (thng 4 v thng 10) cho nn c th ni rng H Ni c bn ma
Xun, H, Thu, ng. Bn ma thay i nh vy lm cho kh hu H Ni
thm phong ph, a dng.
Th nhng
Lp ph th nhng vn lin quan n c tnh ph sa, qu trnh phong ho,
ch bi tch v n hot ng nng nghip. Di tc ng ca cc yu t
trn, H Ni hin nay c 4 loi t chnh, l t ph sa trong , t ph sa
ngoi , t bc mu v t i ni. t ph sa ngoi l t hng nm
c tip tc bi p thng xuyn trn cc bi bi ven sng, hoc cc bi
gia sng. t ph sa trong do c h thng nn khng c cc sng
bi p thng xuyn. Nhm t bc mu pht trin ch yu trn t ph sa
c tp trung nhiu hai huyn ng Anh v Sc Sn l loi t chua, ngho
dinh dng, khng kt cu, thnh phn c gii nh, ri rc khi kh hn, kt
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Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

dnh khi ngp nc, cho nng sut cy trng thp. Nhm t i ni tp trung
huyn Sc Sn, b xi mn nghim trng do cy rng b cht ph, tng t
mng, nhiu ni tr si sn, tng mn dng nh khng cn, t chua, pH
thng di 4, ngho cht dinh dng.
H Ni vn l vng t tr ph, c truyn thng sn xut nng nghip t lu
i, cung cp nhiu ging cy trng, vt nui qu, c gi tr kinh t v ni
ting trong c nc. ng ch l cc huyn ngoi thnh hnh thnh cc
vnh ai rau xanh, thc phm ti sng (tht, c, sa, trng) phc v cho nhu
cu th ho ngy mt cao ca th H Ni v dnh mt phn xut
khu.
t ai sng ngi
H Ni l thnh ph gn lin vi nhng dng sng,
trong sng Hng l ln nht. Sng Hng bt u t
dy Ngy Sn cao 1776m thuc huyn Nh ,
tnh Vn Nam, Trung Quc, chy theo hng ty bc ng nam vo Vit Nam t H Khu (Lo Cai) v chy
ra vnh Bc B ca Ba Lt (Nam nh). Dng chnh ca sng Hng di
khong 1160 km, phn chy qua Vit Nam khong 556 km. Sng Hng chy
vo H Ni t x Thng Ct, huyn T Lim n x Vn Phc, huyn
Thanh Tr, di khong 30km, c lu lng nc bnh qun hng nm rt ln,
ti 2640 m3/s vi tng lng nc chy qua ti 83,5 triu mt khi. Lng
ph sa ca sng Hng rt ln, trung bnh 100 triu tn/nm. sng Hng
c p t nm 1108, on t Nghi Tm n Thanh Tr, gi l C X.
Ngy nay sng Hng Vit Nam c 1267km c hai bn t, hu ngn.
cao mt ti H Ni l 14m. Sng Hng gp phn quan trng trong sinh
hot i sng cng nh trong sn xut. Ph sa gip cho ng rung thm mu
m, ng thi bi p v m rng vng chu th. Ngoi sng Hng, trong a
phn H Ni cn c sng T Lch, sng Kim Ngu, sng Nhu v sng C
L.
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Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

iu kin kinh t - x hi
+Dn c ng nn c li th: C ngun lao ng di do, ngun lao
ng ny c nhiu kinh nghim v truyn thng trong sn xut, cht
lng lao ng cao. To ra th trng c sc mua ln.
+Chnh sch: c s u t nhiu ca Nh nc v nc ngoi.
+Kt cu h tng pht trin mnh (giao thng, in, nc), ng b
c quc l 1A, quc l 2, 3, 6, 32, 18tuyn ng st Bc Nam v
to i cc thnh ph khc, sn bay quc t Ni Bi,
+C s vt cht k thut cho cc ngnh ngy cng hon thin: h thng
thu li, cc trm, tri bo v cy trng, vt nui, nh my ch bin
+C lch s khai ph lu i, l ni tp trung nhiu di tch, l hi, lng
ngh truyn thng
-Khi qut v tnh hnh kinh t _x hi ca huyn Gia Lm
Gia Lm l mt huyn ngoi thnh pha ng ca thnh ph H Ni, cch
trung tm thnh ph khong 20km. Pha ng ,ng Bc gip tnh Bc Ninh;
pha Nam, ng Nam gip Hng Yn; pha Ty gip cc qun Long Bin,
Hong Mai ; pha Bc, ty Bc gip huyn ng Anh.
Trc thng 11/2003 khi qun Long Bin cha c thnh lp th din tch
ca huyn l 172,9km2 vi dn s 340200 ngi,sau khi thnh lp qun Long
Bin th din tch ch cn 108,4466km2 vi dn s 1901194 ngi.Vi 2 th
trn:Yn Vin v Tru Qu v 20 x gm L Chi, Kiu K, nh Xuyn,
Dng H, Ninh Hip, Bt Trng, Kim Sn, C Bi, Dng X, Dng
Quang, a Tn, Ph Th ,ng X, Kim Lan, Vn c, ng D, Yn
Thng, Ph ng, Trung Mu, Yn Vin.
Theo quy hoch ca thnh ph n nm 2020 dn s ca huyn s l
323000 ngi trong : c 130000 ngi dn th; 193000 ngoi th
(lao ng nng nghip 16,2 nghn ngi chim 10%, 145,4 nghn ngi l lao
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i hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

ng phi nng nghip) c chia thnh 2 khu vc Bc ung v Nam ung.

Ti khu vc Bc ung trc khng gian chnh Cu ung_Yn Vin_nh
Bng l trc dc quc l 1 c ni H Ni vi Bc Ninh.Ti khu vc Nam
ung,trc khng gian Tru Qu _Nh Qunh l trc khng gian dc theo
ng 5 v tuyn ng st H Ni_Hng Yn mi,tuyn ng st Yn
Vin-Ngc Hi,tuyn H Ni _H ng v tuyn but nhanh BRT iu ny
gip H Ni ni chung v Gia lm ni ring c c hi pht trin kinh t _x
hi.in li quc gia v vin thng lin lc c ph sng ton huyn to
iu kin nhn dn c th giao lu vi cc a phng khc mt cch
thun tin nht.
Huyn Gia Lm l mt huyn ng bng c sng Hng ,sng ung v knh
Gia Thng chy qua thun li cho :pht trin vn ti ng sng,lm ngh
chi li;ng thi y cng l yu t thun li cho ti tiu trong trng trt ;
c hai con sng ln bi p nn huyn c nhng bi bi kh rng phc v cho
sn xut nng nghip.Gia lm c tr lng t nng nghip ln, th nhng
ph hp vi trng trt: trng rau , trng cy n qu (nh Vn c ,ng D,
Tru Qu). Ngoi ra cn c mt s lng ngh nh: Bt Trng (sn xut gm
s), Kiu K (dt bc, sn son thp vng, g), Ninh Hip (trng v kinh
doanh thuc Bc, bun bn vi vc). Hin nay, thn nh V- x Yn
Thng ang ni ln vi mt im u t hp dn ca mi doanh nhn.
Huyn Gia Lm c nhng c ch,chnh sch c th nhm to iu kin thun
li nht cho cc nh u t,trong khun kh php lut nhm khai thc cc
tim nng th mnh ring ca huyn trn tinh thn 2 bn cng c li c th
-gim gi thu ti a ty theo a im v tnh cht ca d n,h tr ch u
t trong vic gii phng mt bng,san lp mt bng.
-Thc hin nghim tc chnh sch mt ca gii quyt th tc nhanh nht cho
cc nh u t :thm nh d n, trin khai d n, cp t cho thu, cp giy
php, tuyn lao ngm bo an ton ti sn v ngi cho cc nh u t.
D n sn xut rau sch c trin khai ti x Vn c, huyn Gia Lm, H
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i hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

Ni bn cnh nhng li th v iu kin t nhin ,chnh tr v kinh t x hi

y l a im ht sc thun li v giao thng, ngun nhn lc v c bit
Gia Lm c trng i hc Nng Nghip I l ni m d n c th tip nhn
v hc hi cc tin b khoa hc k thut v sn xut rau sch cng nh cch
ch bin, bo qun rau tt nht .
Nh vy c th ni vic trin khai thc hin D n sn xut rau sch tai a
bn x Vn c, huyn Gia Lm, H Ni l mt la chn ng n, nhng
li th ca H Ni s gp phn quan trng cho s thnh cng ca d n.

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i hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

CHNG V: XY DNG KIN TRC

5.1.Phng n kin trc xy dng d n
5.1.1.Nhim v thit k xy dng
Nhim v xy dng phi ng quy trnh ,quy phm,tun th ng cc bc
trong xy dng cng nh phi ph hp vi d n trng rau sch.
5.1.2.Cc hng mc cng trnh
Bng:Danh mc cc hng mc cng trnh
n v:ng
Tng
Hng mc ca d n khi
TT n
Gii

v
phng

lng

gi(/m2)

Thnh tin

mt

bng

m2

10 000

5 000

50 000 000

Nh s ch rau

m2

100

1 500 000

150 000 000

Kho cha vt t,
3

thuc BVTT

m2

50

1 000 000

50 000 000

Nh v sinh

m2

800 000

4 000 000

Nh iu hnh

m2

35

2 000 000

70 000 000

Nh bo qun rau

m2

30

2 000 000

60 000 000

Tng cng

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384 000 000

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i hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

Bng:Cng trnh phc v d n

n v: ng
TT Tn cng trnh

n gi

Thnh tin

v tnh lng
1.

Ging khoan

ci

1 500 000

6 000 000

B lc nc

ci

6 500 000

26 000 000

ng in ni m

300

2 000

600 000

5 000

10 000

50 000 000

b
4

H thng nh li M2

Tng

82 600 000

5.1.3.Phng n b tr tng mt bng

Da vo tnh hnh ca d n,b tr d n nh sau:
Nh iu hnh c b tr lm vic cho gim c, nhn vin v l ni
giao dch vi khch hng.
Khu sn xut gm din tch t trng rau, nh s ch rau, kho cha vt t v
thuc BVTT, nh bo qun rau.
Tt c u c b tr sp xp ph hp vi tnh cht cng vic v yu cu
ca tng hng mc.
5.2.Gii php xy dng
*Nh iu hnh:
Do tnh cht ca d n nn cng ty chng ti ch xy dng mt phng iu
hnh c din tch: 35m2. c xy dng khung b tng ct thp, gch
m bo vng chc. Mi lp tn ,trn nha chng nng, nn lt gch lin
doanh ca lm bng g cng tnh ph khp kn.
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Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

y l ni lm vic ca gim c, nhn vin vn phng, k ton.

*Nh s ch:
Nh s ch c din tch 100 m2 khung b tng, mi lp tn chng nng, c
iu ha. ng thi c trang b y h thng chiu sng, m bo iu
kin lm vic cho cng nhn
*Kho cha vt t,thuc BVTT: c din tch 50m2 xy bng gch,mi lp
tn,nh sng m va phi m bo cho vic bo qun.Kho c xy dng
xa ngun nc v khu vc s ch rau.
*Nh v sinh :
C din tch 5m2.Xy dng bng gch ,tng lt gch men trng m bo
v sinh v d lau chi,h thng nc thi c xy dng ng quy cch.
*ng in ni b
D n s dng trc tip in sinh hot ca a phng,b tr m bo an
ton thun tin.
*Nh bo qun rau
Din tch l 30m2 c h thng lm lnh bo qun.

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i hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

CHNG VI: C CU T CHC

S t chc b my qun l d n

Ban Gim c

Phng Ti Chnh K
Ton

Phng Kinh Doanh

Phng Sn Xut

6.1 Chc nng v nhim v ca cc b phn

6.1.1: Ban d n
-

Ban gim c s c trch nhim qun l v iu hnh cc hot ng

kinh doanh hng ngy ca d n. Ban gim c d n s bao gm: mt

gim c d n, mt k ton v mt th qu.
Gim c d n: trch nhim qun l v iu hnh cc hot ng
kinh doanh.
K ton, th qu: Ln s sch chng t, ngn sch ca cng ty.
-

Ban gim c d n: S c trch nhim i vi cc vn sau y di

s ch o y quyn v gim st ton b ca ch u t:

m bo rng d n v cc nhn vn ca d n tun th tt c cc
lut v quy nh c lin quan ca chnh quyn a phng cng nh
ca nh nc.
m bo rng hot ng hng ngy ca d n dc thc hin ph
hp vi ch th, k hoch ngn sch, trnh t chnh sch v ngh
quyt do ch u t ra.
Bo co kt qu kinh doanh ca d n cho ch u t

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i hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

6.1.2 : Cc b phn chc nng

Di quyn qun l iu hnh ca ban gim c l cc b phn chc nng
sau:
a. B phn ti chnh k ton
- Chu trch nhim cc hot ng lin quan ti k ton, thng k v qun
l hot ng ti chnh ca d n.
- Chu trch nhim thc hin cc cng vic hnh chnh, quan h vi cc
c quan c thm quyn a phng.
b. B phn kinh doanh
- Thc hin nhng giao dch vi khch hng, marketing, bo tr bo
dng cc c s vt cht, cc hot ng vn phng, bo v an ton ti
sn.
- Chu trch nhim c lin quan ti cung ng vt t, hng ha, vt phm
s dng v tiu th trong khu d n.
c. B phn sn xut
-

Chu trch nhim trong qu trnh sn xut.

6.2 Phng thc tuyn dng v o to nhn vin

Vic tuyn dng nhn s ca d n c trc tip thc hin thng qua
Gim c. Khi d n bt u xy dng cng ty s tuyn chn lao ng ti
a phng v cc trng cng nhn k thut theo c cu bng c cu
nhn vin. Phng thc la chn da trn nguyn tc t nguyn, cng vi
s la chn cho ph hp vi trnh v tay ngh ca tng ngi, c hp
ng lao ng, lng v cc quyn li khc tr trc tip cho ngi lao
ng, tn trng cc iu khon trong hp ng k kt v vic tuyn
dng v cho thi vic. u tin tuyn dng cng nhn lao ng l ngi ti
a phng.

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i hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

Cng nh mi c tuyn dng vo cng ty u phi tham gia cc kha

hun luyn v:
Chp hnh cc ni quy cng ty.
Ni quy bo v mi trng
K thut v quy trnh sn xut.
B mt cng ngh v thng tin.
Ty theo nhim v ti tng b phn m tng nhm ngi phi hc
thm cc chu trnh cng ngh v cng vic c giao, hoc c gi i o
to thm v trnh chuyn mn ngh nghip ti cc c s trong nc. c th
l:
K ton, th qu: tt nghip Cao ng trn ln, u tien ngi s
dng thnh tho my vi tnh.
Nhn vin kinh doanh: tt nghip H kinh t quc dn
K s: Tt nghip H Nng Nghip, u tin ngi c king
nghim.

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i hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

CHNG 7: PHN TCH TI CHNH

Nhng phn tch trong phn ny c rt ra t kt qu tnh ton. Vic tnh
ton phn tch ti chnh c thc hin cn c vo s liu trong tt c cc
bng v nhng s liu c bn sau:
Thu thu nhp doanh nghip: 25%
Khu hao thit b: 7 nm
Khu hao nh xng: 10 nm
Khu hao chi ph s dng t v c s h tng: 10 nm
Chi ph qun l iu hnh: 4%/ tng doanh thu
Chi ph tip th qun co: 2%/ tng doanh thu
7.1 Ngun vn u t ban u
Tng vn u t ban u cho d n: 1 163 701 ngng
u t my mc thit b: 187 144 ngng
Chi ph lp t v chy th: 9 357 ngng
Chi ph xy dng nh xng v cng trnh: 467 200 ngng
Vn lu ng ng trc: 500 000 ngng
Ngun vn bo m u t: 1 163 701 ngng
Vn t c: 698 220, 6 ngng
Vn vay: 465 480,4 ngng

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Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

7.2 Sn lng d kin

Bng thng tin v d n
STt

n v

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Vn u t ban u
u t my mc Tb
u t nh xng
Nm khu hao MMTB
Gi tr thu hi MMTB
Nm khu hao nh xng
Gi tr thu hi NX

chi ph phc v u t
Nm khu hao CP phc v
t
cng sut d kin
cng sut nm 1
Cng sut nm 2
cng sut nm 3
cng sut nm 4
cng sut nm 5
cng sut nm 6
cng sut nm 7
cng sut nm 8
cng sut nm 9
cng sut nm 10
T l ph phm
Ph phm thu hi
gi bn ph phm
Vn t c
vn vay u t
vn vay L thng xuyn
Vn vay u t tr u
li vay u t
li vay vn lu ng
li sut tnh ton ca d n
nm hot ng
thu sut li tc
Thu VAT u vo
Thu VAT u ra
Chi ph ging

9
10

11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

19
20
21
22
23

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55

904343,
1
196501
467200
8
20000
10
40000
240642,
1
10
80,9
75%
80%
90%
95%
95%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
10%
8%
20%
60%
40%
25%
5
12%
12%
12%
10
25%
10%
10%
5904,5

ngn ng
ngn ng
ngn ng
Nm
ngn ng
Nm
ngn ng
ngn ng
Nm
tn/nm
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
nm
%
%
%
nm
%
%
%
ngn ng

D n rau sch

i hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

CHNG 9: CC CH TIU PHN TCH HIU QU KINH T, X

HI D N U T
9.1 Hiu qu kinh t
9.2 Hiu qu x hi
Vn to cng n vic lm ca d n:
D n gii quyt vic lm cho hn 30 cng nhn lm trc tip cho cng
ty vi mc lng ti thiu l 1.000.000 ng/ ngi/ thng v mc lng
trung bnh trn 1.500.000 ng/ thng, gp phn gii quyt vn quan trng
tai a phng.

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Gio vin hng dn: V nh Khoa

CHNG 10: KT LUN

Trn y l ton b nhng cn c khoa hc v thc tin, cc tnh ton phn
tch v hiu qu kinh t ca d n cng nh abhr hng ti di sng x hi ti
a phng m Danh Nghip t Nhn c Minh nghin cu v lp d n:
Sn xut v cung cp rau sch ti x Vn c huyn Gia Lm, H Ni. c
th nh gi y l mt d n kh thi v c an ton cao. Vic d n i vo
hot ng s mang li hiu qu kinh t cao cho doanh nghip, ng thi cng
mang li nhiu hiu qu kinh t, x hi ti a phng.
Chng ti, doanh nghip t nhn c Minh rt mong nhn c s
gip S K Hoch Pht Trin v u T thnh ph H Ni, UBND huyn
Gia Lm, ngn hng Nng Nghip v Pht Trin Nng Thn v cc ban
nghnh chc nng ca tnh d n c hng chnh sch u i u t v
vay vn theo nh quy nh hin hnh ca chnh ph v a phng, to iu
kin cho d n i vo hot ng trong thi gian sm nht.
H Ni ngy 14 thng 01 nm 2010
Ngi lp d n
Gim c
Bi Vn Minh

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