An ton vi cht ngt nhn to

06/05/2011 02:22:00 PM

Cht ngt nhn to c trong nc ngt, mn trng ming, bnh ko v bnh... C hai loi cht ngt: Dinh dng (cha calo) v Phi dinh dng (khng c calo). C nhiu quan tm v dinh dng khi mang thai. Mt trong nhng s nhng quan ngi ny l v cht ngt nhn to trong thc phm i vi sc khe ph n mang thai. Nhiu thai ph Tuy nhin, nhng ph n mang thai khng dung np gim lng ng trong ch carbohydrate, chng hn, mc tiu ng thai nghn hoc n ung nhng li thay khng insulin th phi hn ch vic s dng cht ngt dinh th bng cc loi thc phm dng. v thc ung cha cht lm ngt nhn to. Cht ngt dinh dng bao gm cc loi ng nh sucrose, dextrose, mt ong, ng, ng, fructose v maltose. ng ru (sugar alcohol) cng l cht ngt dinh dng m thng c tm thy trong cc thc phm c gn nhn l "sugar free". ng ru khng phi l ng n, chng c calo c th c chuyn i thnh cht bo. V d v ng ru bao gm: Sorbitol, Xylitol, Isomalt, Manitol v hydro ha tinh bt. 1. Cht ngt dinh dng (nh ng n) v cht ph gia c cha calo nhng li cha t vitamin hoc cht khong. Nu c s dng hp l, cht ngt dinh dng c xem l an ton cho ph n mang thai; nhng cn coi chng v chng lm tng cn qu mc.

2. Cht ngt phi dinh dng c b sung vi s lng rt nh thc phm mang v ngt. Cht ny c dng s dng trong cc loi thc phm n king. Sau y l nhng cht lm ngt phi dinh dng c xem l an ton khi mang thai: + Rebaudioside A (Stevia): thng xuyn c s dng trong nc gii kht v nc tri cy. + Acesulfame Kali (Sunett): cht ngt ny c thm vo bnh nng, mn trng ming

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lnh,

bnh

trng

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+ Aspartame: thng c tm thy nh l mt cht gelatin ph gia trong nc ngt, mn trng ming, bnh, ng cc n sng, ung, ko cao su, sn phm sa v cc thc phm khc. Theo Cc Qun l Thc phm v Dc phm M (FDA), Aspartame l cht an ton s dng trong khi mang thai v cho con b nhng bn nn tiu th va phi. Aspartame khng c s dng cho ngi b PKU (ri lon trao i cht), bnh gan him gp, hoc ph n mang thai c nng cao phenylalanine trong mu. + Sucralose: l cht lm ngt phi calo c lm t ng. Sucralose c s dng trong bnh nng, ung khng cha cn, ko cao su, cafe, ch, mt, cht bo v du, mn trng ming ng lnh v hn hp sa, nc tri cy, cc cht thay th ng, nc st ngt, bnh v xi-r. Theo FDA, sucralose an ton cho tt c mi ngi, bao gm c ph n mang thai. Cht ngt nhn to b nghi ng hoc khng an ton khi mang thai Lu : Nu bn s dng cc cht - Saccharin: d khng c s dng nhiu ngy nay nh lm ngt nhn to khi ang c thai, trong qu kh, saccharin xut hin trong nhiu loi thc tt nht hy ni chuyn vi bc s phm, ung v cc cht khc. Cc nghin cu trc y v cht ngt bn ang s dng. kt lun, saccharin lm tng nguy c pht trin ung th bng quang. Khng nhng th, saccharin cn c th i qua nhau thai v tn ti trong m bo thai, do , vic s dng saccharin cho ph n mang thai vn cn nhiu nghi vn. - ng ho hc: cht lm ngt ny c lin quan n ung th v hin ang b cm M. ng ho hc khng c coi l an ton cho bt c ai, k c ph n mang thai.

Theo Americanpregnancy

CHT TO NGT ASPARTAM

Aspartam vi k hiu l E591 c s dng rng ri trn th gii to v ngt cho sn phm vi ngt gp 180 ln so vi ng thng nhng khng to nng lng.

Aspartam l cht ngt nhn to khc vi cc loi ng n thng thng. N c cu to bi s kt hp ca 2 acid amin l aspartic acid v phenylalanine. C ngt gp 180 ln ng thng v khng to nng lng nn rt thch hp cho thc phm t nng lng thch hp i vi ngi gim cn v tiu ng.

Aspartam c s dng rng ri trn th gii vi s hin din trong hn 6000 loi thc phm khc nhau vi k hiu trn nhn sn phm l cht to ngt E591. V c cha Phenyllalanine nn cn thn trng i vi ngi b bnh tiu phenylketon, y l mt bnh chuyn ho di truyn. V vy trn nhn sn phm c s dng aspartam phi c ghi r l khng dng i vi bnh nhn ny. DAP Chemo Pharma l cung cp cht to ngt Aspartam cht lng cao t nhiu ngun khc nhau trn th gii. Vui lng lin h vi chng ti c t vn v nhn mu.

S nguy him ca cht to ngt nhn to

Cp nht lc 07h33' ngy 10/10/2012
Bn in Gi cho bn b Phn hi Xem thm: cht to ngt nhn to, cht to ngt sucralose, splenda, mt cn bng ph trong c th, tc dng ph ca splenda

Bn c s dng cht to ngt khi ung c ph hay lm bnh thay bng vic s dng ng t nhin khng? Bn c th ngh rng s dng cht to ngt nhn to (thng c bit n vi nhn hiu ni ting Splenda) l ta chn tt hn, nhng trn thc t y l s la chn c hi cho sc kho. Hin nay cha c nghin cu v nh hng ca Splenda ti sc kho con ngi, tuy nhin mt nghin cu ko di 12 tun v tc dng ca Splenda trn chut c i hc Duke tin hnh. Kt qu cho thy Splenda gy mt cn bng pH trong c th, lm gin on s hp th trong ng rut, gy suy gim cc vi khun c ch, lm sng gan v vi ho thn. C th thy rng vic n cc sn phm c th gy ung th l khng an ton.

Splenda l tn thng mi ph bin nht ca cht to ngt sucralose, do cng ty McNeil sn xut. McNeil c thnh lp vo nm1980, do Tate & Lyle Ltd. bt tay vi tp on Johnson & Johnson mt tp on ln v dinh dng v chm sc sc khe, thng mi ha sucralose. Thnh phn chnh ca Splenda l sucralose, ngoi ra cn c maltodexin v dextrose c sn xut t ng... Splenda ngt hn 600 ln so vi ng bnh thng c pht hin vo nm 1976 bi cc nh khoa hc Anh. Mc d vn c qung co l mt sn phm an ton, tuy nhin cc nh pht minh Splenda tha nhn rng ch khong 15% splenda c hp th bi c th, nhng h khng th khng nh bao nhiu clo s c gi li trong c th v bao nhiu phn trm c thi ra ngoi. Clo c xem l mt cht gy ung th. Cc tc dng ph c th c ca Splenda bao gm: cc vn tiu ha (y hi, tiu chy, bun nn), kch ng da (pht ban, ni m ay, mn , nga, sng ty), th kh kh, ho, chy nc mi, au ngc, nh trng ngc, lo lng, gin d, trm cm, v nga mt.

Saccharin - cht to ngt E954

TH BY, 23 THNG 7 2011 00:33

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cht to ngt e954 ha thc phm saccarin

saccharin ng ng ha hc (H2N2)-Saccharin (E954) l cht to ngt u tin c pht hin mt cch tnh c bi GS. Constantine Fahlberg v GS Ira Remsen ti phng th nghim trng i hc Johns Hopkins vo nm 1878. Tuy l cht ngt nhn to tn ti lu i nht nhng nhng nh hng ca saccharin ti sc khe con ngi gy nhiu tranh ci nn mi cho ti nm 2001 FDA (Cc qun l an ton dc phm v thc phm M) mi chnh thc cho php s dng saccharin.

nh: tradekorea.com Saccharin c cng thc ha hc l C 7 H 5 NO 3 S, danh php quc t l 1- dioxo-1,2 benzothiazol 3-1; tn gi khc l benzoic sunfimit hoc octho sunphobenzamit. Vo nm 1878, khi nghin cu v cc dn xut trong than ti phng th nghim, tnh c GS. Constantine Fahlberg v GS Ira Remsen pht hin ra v ngt ca cht bm trn tay khi n bnh m do khng ra sch tay sau khi th nghim. n nm 1879 v nm 1880 h chnh thc cng b pht hin v t tn cho cht ngt ny l saccharin. Bt saccharin kt tinh c mu mu trng, tan t trong nc v te, nhng dng mui natri v canxi ca n th d tan. Saccharin n nh trong mi trng axit, nhng li khng c phn ng g vi cc thnh phn trong thc phm nn n thng c dng nhiu trong ung, nc ngt. nhit cao saccharin vn gi c ngt vn c, c th thay th ti a l 25% lng ng saccharose nn cng c s dng trong sn xut bnh, mt, ko cao su, hoa qu ng hp, ko, bnh trng ming. Saccharin c ngt cao gp 200-700 ln nhng loi ng t nhin, nhng n c nhc im ln l c hu v cay v ng, cng vi mi kim loi nht l khi nng cao. V vy saccharin thng c kt hp vi cc loi ng khc nh ng cyclamate v aspartame vi nng thp, b tr v khc phc nhc im ny. Cng nh nhiu cht ngt thay th khc saccharin khng b hp thu bi h tiu ha, khng gy nh hng ti hm lng insulin trong mu, khng to nng lng. V vy saccharin c xp vo nhm cht ngt khng calo, cn c s dng trong c nhng sn phm m phm, vitamin v dc phm.

nh: centerchicago.blogspot Trn th trng saccharin xut hin vi nhng tn thng mi nh: Sweetn Low, Sugar Twin, Sweet Magic, ZeroCal. Nhiu nm sau khi saccharin c tng hp v ng dng trong sn xut nh mt cht ngt thay th duy nht lc , th n nm 1977 mt nghin cu ca Canada cho bit saccharin gy ung th bng quang chut gy hoang mang ln cho ngi tiu dng. Khi FDA cng pht lnh cm s dng saccharin trong thc phm v dc phm, nhng do vo thi im saccharin l cht ngt nhn to duy nht v nhiu ngi vn mun s dng nhng sn phm thc phm c cha n c bit l nhng bnh nhn tiu ng. Trc nhng sc p ca ngi dn v c nh sn xut Quc hi M buc phi cho s dng nhng yu cu trn nhn sn phm ghi r sn phm c cha saccharin c nguy c gy nguy him cho sc khe. Sau , c hn 30 nghin cu chng minh saccharin hon ton an ton trn ngi. n cui nm 2000 FDA chnh thc loi b saccharin ra khi danh mc nhng cht gy ung th v cho php g b nhng cnh bo trn. Nhng cc chuyn gia cng cnh bo ti kh nng gy d ng sunfonamid nhng ngi s dng thuc sulfa. Triu chng vi d ng ny l au u, kh th, pht ban, tiu chy. Saccharin c tm thy trong sa cng thc cn c nguy c gy ri lon chc nng c. Vi nhng i tng nh ph n c thai, tr nh v c bit l tr s sinh khng nn s dng sn phm cha saccharin. Liu dng khuyn co Tuy cng c nhiu nghin cu chng minh saccharin l an ton ti sc khe, nhng m bo sc khe i vi ngi tiu dng cc nh chc trch cng a ra liu dng khuyn co. Theo FDA th liu dng cho php mi ngy (ADI) l 5mg/kg th trng cn theo WHO l 0-15mg/ kg th trng. Tc l, vi mt ngi c cn nng l 50kg th lng c saccharin ti a a vo c th l 50 kg x15mg/kg = 750mg/ ngy. Tt nht ch dng lng ng ha hc mc 30% ADI tc l ch khong 250mg/ngy. Xun Hin Ngun angi.com.vn

Ph gia thc phm v sc khe ngi tiu dng

ThS. o M Thanh

TT Y t D phng TP.HCM

Theo y ban Tiu chun ha thc phm quc t (Codex Alimentarius Commisson - CAC), ph gia thc phm l: Mt cht, c hay khng c gi tr dinh dng, m bn thn n khng c tiu th thng thng nh mt thc phm v cng khng c s dng nh mt thnh phn ca thc phm, vic ch b sung chng vo thc phm gii quyt mc ch cng ngh trong sn xut, ch bin, bao gi, bo qun, vn chuyn thc phm, nhm ci thin cu kt hoc c tnh k thut ca thc phm . Ph gia thc phm khng bao gm cc cht nhim hoc cc cht c b sung vo thc phm nhm duy tr hay ci thin thnh phn dinh dng ca thc phm. Nh vy, ph gia thc phm khng phi l thc phm, m n c b sung mt cch ch , trc tip hoc gin tip vo thc phm ci thin cu kt hoc c tnh k thut ca thc phm . Ph gia thc phm tn ti trong thc phm nh mt thnh phn ca thc phm vi mt gii hn ti a cho php c quy nh. Nhm cht ph gia thc phm theo quy nh ca B Y T. Trong 22 nhm cht, c 9 nhm cht sau y thng c s dng trong sn xut, ch bin hin nay.
Nhm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Nhm chc nng Mu thc phm Cht to ngt Cht bo qun iu v Men Cht n Cht to bt Cht to xp Hng liu Q 3742/Q-BYT-2001 35 cht 07 cht 29 cht 08 cht 06 cht 03 cht 01 cht 02 cht 63 cht

A. Mt s cht cho php s dng trong thc phm, nhng cn lu : 1. Cht iu v: a) To v chua:

 to cho sn phm c v chua du hoc dng bo qun ngi ta thng dng axit citric. Ngoi ra cn dng axit tartric, acxit lactic. chua ca axit ph thuc vo cc phn t khng phn ly v cc anion. - Axit citric (C6H3O7. H2O) c dng ph bin nht v n c v chua du nh chanh t nhin, ngon hn cc axit khc. Thng s dng sn xut ko, nc gii kht hoc bo qun thc phm. Liu dng ty theo loi sn phm. - Axit tartric (C6H3O6) c nhiu trong qu nho, mi ca n thch hp sn xut ru mi. - Axit lactic (-CH3CHOH-COOH-) Axit lactic c hnh thnh t cc sn phm sa ln men trong sn xut yaourt - Acid acetic: (CH3COOH): dm ty Axit dng vi liu lng thch hp s to c v chua, tng cm gic ngon hn, dng c nhiu hn. Tuy nhin nu lm dng s nh hng n d dy. b) To v ngt: * Bt ngt: theo mt s nghin cu nm 1971, trn sc vt mis inh, c thy tn thng trn no, nhng thc t cho thy khng ai c hin tng nh th ny. Tuy nhin phng, Hi ng OMS-FAO khuyn khng nn dng bt ngt cho tr em di 1 tui. Ngy nay, ngi ta cn dng siu bt ngt v cht ny c B Y t cho php s dng. * Cht ngt t nhin: L cht ngt dinh dng khng c hi, liu lng s dng khng hn ch; tr nhng ngi b tiu ng v bo ph. Cht ngt c s dng trong sn xut thc phm thng l dng ng ct tinh luyn saccaroza loi RE v RS. Ngoi ra, c mt s ni dng ng thng, ng nha (Maltose), ng ma (Fructose), latose, mt ong, sorbitol, manitol sn xut bnh, ko. * Cht ngt nhn to: Thng s dng cho ngi n king. Vic s dng cht ngt tng hp phi tun theo nhng qui nh cht ch. V d: mt s cht ngt nhn to c php s dng: - Axeselfam K: ngt hn ng ct gp 150 ln - Asparame: ngt hn ng ct gp 180 ln - Saccharin: ngt hn ng ct gp 300 ln - Sucralose: ngt hn ng ct gp 600 ln

Ring cyclamat, cm s dng, nhng ngi sn xut, ch bin vn dng v r v cht ny c tnh bn trong mi trng axit. * Nhng c tnh ca cht to ngt Sacarin: l cht to ngt cho php s dng nhng cng c gy c nhng rt t. Nhng nu dng lu di saccarin c kh nng c ch men tiu ha (pepsin) v gy chng kh tiu. Gn y mt s tc gi ngi Php nghin cu thy saccarin vo bng quang, vi s c mt ca cholesterol, c th sinh ra ung th cho chut cng trng. Saccarin b phn hy bi sc nng v axit gii phng phnol ra th t do, lm thc n c mi v kh chu. Nh vy saccarin ch dng cho vo cc thc n lnh nh kem, nc gii kht v ch nn dng phi hp vi ng knh trnh cm gic kh chu. Cyclamat: l cht to ngt cm s dng v ch ngt gp 30 ln, c u im l khng li d v kh chu nh saccarin, chu c nhit tt, cho nn c s dng rng ri hn saccarin. ngt gp 30 ln so vi ng saccaroza. Nm 1969, cc nh Khoa hc M chng minh cc th nghim trn chut gy ung th gan, phi, v gy nhng d dng bo thai ca sc vt th nghim, v vy Cyclamat b cm s dng nm 1970. II. Phm mu: * Phm mu t nhin: Cc cht mu c ngun gc t nhin, c c tnh thp hn (c an ton cao hn) cc cht mu tng hp ha hc. a) Mu sc t nhin ca thc phm rt a dng: - Mu xanh l ca chlorophyl c nhiu trong rau xanh, ht, r, c, tri cy, l da - Mu vng ca carotenoid c nhiu trong trng, c, tm, sa, rau qu: gc, ht iu - Mu mu ca hemoglobin c nhiu trong tht, c - Mu tm ca l cm - Mu en ca l gai b) Mt s nguyn nhn lm mt mu t nhin ca thc phm: - Phn hy do nh sng, nhit . - Tc dng ca CO2 nng cao dng bo qun rau, qu. - Bin i do enzym. - Do tc nhn ha hc (axit, kim, oxi ha).

* Phm mu tng hp: Mt s im cn ch khi s dng cht mu: Khng lm dng vic s dng phm mu. m bo tinh khit (dng loi ha cht s dng cho thc phm). S dng ng liu lng quy nh ca B Y t. Khng c dng cht mu che y khuyt im ca thc phm, hoc ngi tiu dng nhm ln v s c mt khng thc ca mt vi thnh phn cht lng. V d: mu vng lm cho ngi ta tng rng m si c trng hoc bnh biscuit c b Phi trn v chn ng cht mu: - Khng gy tn tht hoc bin i bt li - Cng mu cao v bn - Kiu mu thch hp. * Nhng phn ng v c tnh ca phm mu: - C tc ng cp tnh ln h tiu ha lm bun nn, nn ma, ri lon tiu ha. Tc dng ln h min dch gy d ng, ni mn, chm, nga, phu - Nu s dng lu di lm tn thng gan, thn, thn kinh, c th gy t bin, ung th v c nh hng n bo thai. III. Hng liu: Hng liu c nhiu dng: - Hng liu t nhin nh: hng cam, chanh, to, qu, hi l c trch t v, qu, r cy bng cch ngm cn ri em chng ct. - Hng liu tng hp l hng liu to thnh bng cc phng php tng hp ha hc. Thng cha t 4-13% cht thm tng hp. - Hng liu hn hp bao gm c 2 loi hng liu trn. Kim tra tinh khit ca hng liu bng cch kim tra s c mt ca cc kim loi nng nh Zn, Cu, As Th mc ha tan hon ton ca 1 ml hng liu/1 lt nc m khng b vn c. * Liu lng s dng thch hp (qua thc nghim) Ch c im ca cc c quan nhn cm i vi tc nhn gy cm gic (v mu, mi, v).

Hng liu l cht lm thm khng th thiu c trong cc sn phm. N khng ch lm tng gi tr cm quan m cn cho bit c im ca tng sn phm. Ty loi sn phm m ngi ta chn hng liu thch hp. Hng liu l hn hp ru, nc c cha cht thm di dng tinh du, d bay hi, d b oxy ha do tc dng ca khng kh nn thnh phn d b bin i nu bo qun v s dng khng ng cch. Trong tinh du chanh, cam thng c cha tecpen c mi kh chu, d lm cho sn phm b h hng, c v kt ta. IV. Mt s cht bo qun: * Mui Nitrat (Na(K)NO3 v Nitrit (Na(K)NO2) hay cn gi l mui dim: - S dng lm cht st khun trong bo qun v gi cho mu tht, c v mt vi loi phomt. - Tc dng c trc tip. - Hemoglobine l hng cu khi kt hp vi nitrite to ra Methemoglobine l cht c hi cho c th. - Tc dng c gin tip: - Nitrite + Amin l cht m thy phn to ra cht Nitrosamine l tc nhn gy ung th. Triu chng ng c cp tnh xut hin nhanh t ngt: nhc u, bun nn, chng mt, tiu chy tip theo l tm ti, nu khng iu tr kp bnh nhn. * Mui sunfit, natri sunfit (Na2SO3), natri meta bisunfit (Na2S2O5): - c ng dng chng ha nu trong rau, qu, lm trng ng, iu chnh ln men ru vang (khng dng qu 350mg/lt), ru to (< 500 mg/lt) Khng dng bo qun tht, v ch yu l che du h hng ch khng phi hn ch s h hng. - Mui sunfit, natri sunfit, natri meta bisunfit u ph thuc vo nng , hm lng v tc bay hi gii phng ra SO2. SO2 trong c th b oxy ha thnh sunfat: bisunfit tc dng vi nhm aldehyt, xton ca ng, nhng phn ng theo 2 chiu. Sunfit cng tc dng ln nhm disulfua ca protin v phn ng cng theo 2 chiu. - Tc dng c hi cp tnh: chy mu d dy, ch yu i vi ngi ung nhiu ru c s dng SO2. SO2 ph hy Vitamin B1 trong thc phm, nht l ng cc. * Acid benzoic (C7H6O2) hoc Natri benzoat (C6H5COONa) - Acid benzoic tinh th dng hnh kim hoc tm l nh, mu trng la ng nh trng.

- Natri benzoat l dng bt trng, ha tan c trong nc, rt d tan trong nc nng. - S dng trong thc phm lm cht st khun c hiu lc vi nm men v vi khun hn i vi nm mc. - i vi con ngi, khi vo c th tc dng vi glucocol chuyn thnh axit purivic khng t, thi ra ngoi. Tuy nhin nu n nhiu acid benzoic c th s b nh hng v glucocol dng tng hp protein s b mt do tc dng vi acid benzoic gii c. - Nn s dng liu lng nh hn 1g/kg thc phm. * Acid sorbic: (C6H8O2) - Dng hp cht kt tinh, bt trng, d tan trong nc, t tan trong ru etylic lnh, tan tt khi un nng. - Acid sorbic khng c hiu qu i vi cc vi khun Clostridium, Bacillus, Salmonella, Lactobacilus, Pseudomonas. - Tc dng c ch nm men, nm mc, c ngha trong mi trng pH t 3,2-6 v nng 1g/1 kg thc phm. - c dng bo qun nc rau qu, Gi tt thi gian di vi liu lng 0,050,06% * Cht bo qun du: BHT (butyl hydro anosol), BHA (butyl hydro toluen), Vit.E (tocopherol). - L nhng cht tan tt trong du, rt bn, c tc dng chng s i kht ca du, b trong sn xut mt s sn phm c dng nhit cao v tip xc nhiu vi khng kh. * Cc cht lm n, xp bnh (Na2CO3, (NH4)2CO3): - to ra cc sn phm xp, n, mn ca mt s loi bnh, ngi ta thng s dng mt s hn hp: monoglyxerit ca axit bo, cc ester ca polydlycerol, propylen glycol Cc cht ny to ra phc vi amilo c trong tinh bt, c tc dng gi bt, n hi tt. Tuy nhin nu s dng nhiu, sn phm gy v ng valm kh tiu do tnh kim ca ha cht. * Cc cht lm trng tinh bt thng bao gm nhng cht nh: kh clo, oxt nit, benoyl, peroxit, clodioxt. Cc cht ny c tnh oxi ha nn lm trng, ng thi ph hy caroten v Vitamine A, ph hy mt phn Vitamin B1. * Cc cht lm tng kh nng thnh bnh ca bt gm: bromat, iodat, peborat, pesunfat, triclo, nit Cc cht ny c ch hot ng ca men proteaza thy phn cht m, trnh s thoi ha ca gluten, lm cho tng kh nng thnh bnh.

- Nc vi, nc tro l cc cht km, nn s dng hn ch.. Bt m c pH t 77,5 mt i 30-40% Vitamin B1. V vi pH t 10-12 Vitamin B1 bnh lm ra ch cn li 1-5% so vi go. Trng hp cn thit ch nn s dng Na2CO3 vi t l 0,7% so vi bt. - Cc mui canxi nh canxi sunfat CaSO4 c dng trong ch bin u h, c chua ng hp lm cng, dai sn phm va c canxi. Nng mui canxi trong sn phm khng vt qu 0.026%. C th dng mui canxi clorua CaCl2 lm sch v c chua. - Mt s cht cm s dng trong thc phm: * Focmn c cng thc l CH2O - L cht ha hc cm s dng trong thc phm, c tnh st trng mnh. c dng trong y hc bo qun bnh phm, p xc, trnh xc thi ra v Formol dit c ctt c cc loi vi khun, nm mc, nm men. C tnh cht dai, cng, cay, nng, mi hc c bit nh hng n cc gic quan nh: mt, mi, kh hng. - Focmn kt hp nhm amin thnh nhng dn xut bn vng i vi cc men phn hy protin, do nh hng n vic tng hp protin cho c th. Formol n vo c th gy kh tiu, bun nn, nn ma, vim lot d dy t trng, c kh nng gy ung th. * Hn the: Acid boric (H3BO3) - Mui Natri borat (Na2B4O7, 10.H2O) ng dng: - Trong cng nghip v i sng thng s dng axit boric bo qun g, vi si thm, m, x phng, cc cht m phm, sn, mc in, giy nh, sn phm t in v.v Cn dng dit dn v cn trng cnh cng. - Trong y t dng lm thuc sn da v st trng, r ming li - Trong thuc th y dng dit khun, nm mc dng bt v dung dch, ch yu dng ngoi. - C ch v tc hi - Hn the hp thu v thi qua nc tiu 80%, tuyn m hi 3%, qua phn 1%. - Cn li tch ly 15% lng s dng khng c o thi. - i vi c th ngi acid boric tp trung vo c v gan nhiu nht ri n tim, phi, d dy, thn, rut. Thng thng n l mt cht kch thch da, mt, ng h hp; ngoi ra n c th lm thoi ha c quan sinh dc, lm suy yu kh nng sinh sn v gy thng tn cho bo thai. - Triu chng ng c mn tnh: n khng ngon. ri lon tiu ha, chm chp l ln, vim da, thiu mu, co git v rng tc.

- Ngi ln liu 4-5g acid boric/ngy km n v kh chu. - Tr em v s sinh nu ung nhm acid boric 1-2g/kgP cht sau 19 gi n 07 ngy. * Mt s li khuyn cho ngi s dng ph gia: Nhng iu cn lm khi s dng ph gia: - Khng lm dng vic s dng ph gia. - S dng ng ph gia cho php (theo quy nh ca B Y t) - Xem k nhn trc khi s dng. - Hng ngoi nhp phi c c quan nh nc kim tra, c kim nghim cht lng km theo, c nhn ph nu khng cn nguyn ai, nguyn kin. - Cm quan trc khi cn, ong, o, m. - S dng ng liu lng, ng k thut * Mt s li khuyn cho ngi tiu dng: - Cn thay i thi quen trong vic la chn thc phm. Dng sn phm c mu sc, cu trc t nhin; khng nht thit phi dai, gin mi ngon. - Mua nhng ni c thng tin l an ton, xem k nhn trc khi s dng. - Chp nhn gi c hp l c sn phm ti tt, cht lng cao, an ton cho sc khe.

Cht To Ngt Nhn To Gy Tng Cn

Hng dn ng vo ngy 23 Thng Tm, 2012 Ti chuyn mc Kim Sot Cn Nng

Mt trong nhng tuyn b ng ngi nht i vi cht to ngt nhn to l chng c th gy tng cn. Phn ln nhng ngi s dng cc sn phm ny l ct gim lng calori a vo c th nhm mc ch gim hoc duy tr cn nng. y chnh l l do ti sao ngi ta s dng cc loi ng nhn to v quan nim ny c th s b thay i khi cc nghin cu chng minh c rng chng tht ch l mt phn ca vn v khng phi l gii php cho vic duy tr cn nng. Cho n thi im ny, nhng nghin cu cho thy c hai kh nng trn.

Mi quan h gia vic tng cn vi mc tiu th cht ngt nhn to c quan tm t nhng nm 1970. Vo nm 1970, vin nghin cu sc khe The Nurses Health Study pht hin ra vic tng cn sau tm nm th nghim trn 31,940 ph n s dng saccharine. Vo u thp nin 80, Hip hi ung th Hoa K tin hnh nghin cu trn 78,694 ph n v tm thy rng sau mt nm c t 2.7% n 7.1% ngi s dng cht to ngt nhn to thng xuyn b tng cn so vi nhng ngi khng s dng. Vin nghin cu v tim San Antonio Heart Study theo di 3,682 ngi trng thnh sau hn 8 nm vo u nhng nm 80. Kt qu l nhng ngi s dng cht to ngt nhn to nhiu c ch s BMI (Body mass index) cao hn v v ch s ny t l thun vi mc tiu th cht ngt nhn to.

Trong mt vi nghin cu, h thay th cc loi thc ung c ng bng nhng cht to ngt nhn to, kt qu cho thy khng c s khc bit v vic gim cnc ghi nhn. Nguyn nhn c th l do ng nhn to lm gia tng cm gic thm n ng.

Gi thuyt cho rng c th ca chng ta cm nhn c v ngt c trong thc phm v lm tng nhu cu v calori. Khi chng ta s dng cc cht to ngt khng cha calori, c th s tng nhu cu v calori v sau chng ta s dung np thm nhiu calori. Trong cc th nghim trn chut, nhng con chut c cho n vi ch n c cha cc cht to ngt nhn to s c xu hng n nhiu calori hn khi cho n ba n c cha ng. iu ny c th lin quan n mt phn ng sinh ha thc n phc tp dn n vic thm n. V ngt khng cha calori cn tr phn ng sinh ha bnh thng trong c th gy ra s gia tng nhu cu i vi cc cht ngt. Mt kh nng cui cng gii thch cho mi quan h gia cc cht ngt nhn to v vic tng cn l tc ng ca hm lng cao cc cht to ngt ln ngng cm gic ca c th. Cc cht ngt nhn to c ngt gp hng trm ln so vi ng.

Vic s dng nhiu ln lp i lp li mt hng v s nh hng n s thch v hng v . Hy suy ngh v s thch ca bn khi thay i mt hng v mi trong ch n hng ngy ca bn. Khi ct gim lng mui hoc cht boa vo c th, sau vi tun s a thch i vi cc cht ny ca c th cng s gim xung. Nhng ngi thng s dng sa tch kem u cho rng sa nguyn kem qu nng i vi h. Vi thc n mn cng vy, nhng ngi phi i sang ch n nht mt thi gian, khi quay li n bnh thng s c cm gic qu mn. Khi bn ct gim lng ng bng vic s dng cht ngt nhn to, s thch v ngt ca bn cng s khng bao gi thay i. Cch tt nht bit cc cht ngt nhn to c nh hng ln cn nng ca bn hay khng l th nghim. Hy b chng ra khi ch n ca bn v xem iu g xy ra. iu quan trng l khng nn thm qu nhiu calori t ng. Hy c th bn c thi gian thay i. Nhu cu v ng ca bn s bt u tng cao mnh m nhng s gim xung theo thi gian. c th l mt b mt cho ch n king m bn ang tm kim.

CHT NGT NHN TO

Php va a vo th trng mt cht to v ngt c ngun gc thin nhin : Rebaudioside A. Rebaudioside A l trch tinh ca cy Stevia, sau khi c tinh ch cho v ngt gp 200 ln ng.

T hng nghn nm nay th dn Paraguay s dng cy Stevia to v ngt. Loi cy ny c trng nhiu Chu M la tinh v Trung Quc.V ngt l do phn t glycoside de steviol, c bit l Rebaudioside A c trong cy. T thng 9 nm 2009 C quan An ton V sinh thc phm Php ng cho s dng trch tinh ca cy Stevia trong thc phm, cht to v ngt ny khng sinh nng lng.

T nm 2008, FDA cho php s dng Rebaudioside A v Cng ty Coca-Cola s dng cht ny trong cc loi thc ung do Cng ty sn xut : Odwalla v Sprite vo cui nm 2008 Glaceau vitaminwater 10, u nm 2009.

Cht ny cng c dng to v ngt cho mt s thc ung nng. hiu r hn v cc cht ngt nhn to, mi cc bn tham gia vo mc hi p sau y : Cu 1: Cht to v ngt ( nh Xylitol, Sorbitol v cc loi polyol khc) thng thy trong chewing-gum v mt s ko c gy su rng khng ? Tr li: Cc cht lm ngt trong chewing gum khng gy ra su rng nhng gy ra ri lon tiu ha nu s dng qu nhiu. Cu 2: Aspartam cho v ngt gp 200 ln ng n? Tr li: Aspartam cho v ngt gp 200 ln ng n, c nhng loi khc cho v ngt gp 600 ln ng n. Cu 3: Cht to v ngt khng gy hi cho sc khe? Tr li: Trc khi a ra th trng cc cht ny c qua nhiu nghin cu, gii thm quyn trong ngnh y t xc nh liu ti a, hn ch trong s dng ( khng dng cho tr di 3 tui); chng ch nh (Aspartam chng ch nh cho bnh nhn b phenylctonurie ( phenylctone niu) Trong trng hp bnh thng khng c nguy c no khi s dng cht to v ngt, ngoi ra cht ny cn gip cho ngi tha cn hoc tiu ng tm li nim vui v khu v. Cu 4: Liu hng ngy ca Aspartam l 2,4g cho ph n cn nng 60kg? Tr li: Liu hng ngy ca Aspartam l 40mg/kg th trng. ph n cn nng 60kg, liu ti a l 2,4g (tng ng 16-30 chai nc ung nh, c ngha l trong thc t khng th c s vt qu gii hn ny) Cu 5: C th s dng sucralose cho ngi bnh phenylctone niu khng? Tr li: Penylctone niu l bnh him gp, bnh nhn khng c s dng thc phm c phnylalanine.

Sucralose khng cha phnylalanine do khng nguy him cho bnh nhn, tri li Aspartam l ngun cung cp phnylalanine nn c chng ch nh tuyt i. Cu 6: Acsulfam K c s dng nh cht to v ngt trong cc ba n? Tr li : Acsulfam K khng bao gi c dng nh cht to v ngt trong cc ba n nhng i khi c kt hp vi Aspartam trong vi loi thc phm . Aspartam t bn trong nc v nhit cao, khi kt hp Acsulfam K cho mt lng cht bn vng hn. Cu 7: Vi cht ngt nhn to c ch t ng? Tr li: Tht ng ngc nhin, vi cht ngt nhn to c ch t ng. Th d: Sucralose ch t ma ng c bin i bi phn ng ha hc.a s cht ngt nhn to khc c tng hp. Cu 8: Saccharine l cht ngt nhn to c in nht ? Tr li: Saccharine c khm ph vo nm 1879, c s dng nhiu trong Th chin II b vo lng ng trong khu phn v trong thp nin 60 c dng trong vic n king cho n khi c s xut hin ca Aspartam vo thp nin 1980. Cu 9: Nhng ngi b tiu ng c s dng c cht ngt nhn to? Tr li: Ngi b tiu ng khng phi king tuyt i ng nhng phi kim sot c s cung cp ng cho c th, phi kim tra ng huyt. Cc cht ngt nhn to c la chn v khng lm tng ng huyt. Cu 10: Tt c cc cht ngt nhn to u c th s dng ch bin thc n? Tr li : Nhiu cht ngt nhn to s mt tc dng khi ch bin, c bit l khi lm bnh. Mt s cht ngt nhn to c th dng ch bin thc phm l : sucralose, acsulfam K v saccharine.

Cht To Ngt Nhn To vi Ph N Mang Thai

Hng dn ng vo ngy 23 Thng Tm, 2012 Ti chuyn mc m Thc V lu di, liu c nhng tc ng xu i vi sc khe nu chng ta s dng nhng cht to ngt trong qu trnh mang thai hoc trong sut thi on th u iu ny tht kh xc nh. Khng c mt nh sn xut no ni rng bn khng th s dng chng nhng cng khng ai trong s h c th a ra nhng nghin cu di hn chng minh c tnh an ton ca cc cht to ngt ny i vi ngi s dng.

Giai on mng thai l khong thi gian quan trng v ngi ph n cn phi ch trng n ngun thc phm a vo c th. Nhng nghin cu trn chut cho thy kh nng gy ung th ca cc cht to ngt nhn to s gia tng trong qu trnh mang thai ca chut. Mt nghin cu ti an Mch trn 59.334 ph n c tin hnh t nm 1996 n 2002. Nghin cu ny pht hin ra nguy c sinh non i vi nhng ngi s dng hng ngy thc ung c b sung cht ngt nhn to.

C nhiu nghin cu cho thy nh hng tiu cc ca ch n nhiu ng i vi tr nh. Nhiu gii php c a ra nhm ct gim lng ng m tr em tiu th. Do , nhiu gia nh chuyn sang s dng cc loi thc phm v ung c cha cht ngt nhn to vn c coi l c li cho sc khe rng ming ca tr. iu ng tic l cha c mt nghin cu no cp n nhng hu qu v mt lu di i vi tr em khi s dng cc cht to ngt nhn to ny. Ph n ang mang thai v tr em nn trnh s dng cc cht to ngt nhn to hoc ch s dng chng mc va phi. Vic la chn cn nhc cc loi thc phm v ung thc s quan trng i vi sc khe ca chng ta. V th, hy gp bc s c t vn nu bn c nhng cu hi hoc thc mc lin quan n cc vn ny. Nhiu ngi c s thch s dng cc cht to ngt m khng bit rng rt nhiu sn phm hin nay s dng kt hp cc cht to ngt dinh dng v cht to ngt khng dinh dng. Di y l 3 li im quan trng ca vic pha trn cc cht to ngt ny:

V: nhc im chnh ca saccharin l hu v ng ca n. Kt hp saccharin vi cc cht ngt khc s gip lm gim bt nhc im ny. Gi thnh: S kt hp ca nhng cht ngt ko dinh dng c th to ra v ngt theo yu cu m khng cn dng qu nhiu ng n, do gip tit kim chi ph. Kh nng linh ng: kh nng kt hp nhng cht ngt dinh dng v cht ngt khng dinh dng cho php ngi tiu dng la chn nhng sn phm it nng lng hoc khng cha nng lng.

S pha trn cc cht to ngt ang lm ny sinh ra nhng vn mi. Nhng nghin cu v s kt hp ny cha hon tt, v n cng khng b bt buc phi hon thnh. Khng c cch no nhn bit iu g s xy ra i vi nhng cht ha hc ny mt khi chng c s dng kt hp trong sn phm v cch thc chng chuyn ha trong c th. C th s c nhng ri ro khng mong mun. Cc yu cu v qui trnh sn xut v nhng nghin cu ng tin cy v an ton ca s kt hp ny thc s cn thit trc khi cho php b sung chng vo thc phm hay thuc. Mc d iu ny i hi thi gian v tin bc nhng thn trng vn hn l xy ra nhng iu ng tic.

Cht ngt nhn to i vi b buTh by, 07/05/2011, 12:10 PM (GMT+7)

S kin: B bu cn bit

Cht ngt nhn to c trong nc ngt, mn trng ming, bnh ko v bnh... C hai loi cht ngt: Dinh dng (cha calo) v Phi dinh dng (khng c calo). Hy n vi chuyn mc B bu ca Eva tm hiu nhng b quyt sinh con theo mun, cch n ung tt nht cho thai ph, thi trang b bu quyn r hay'chuyn y' an ton cho mi b bu. 1. Cht ngt dinh dng (nh ng n) v cht ph gia c cha calo nhng li cha t vitamin hoc cht khong. Nu c s dng hp l, cht ngt dinh dng c xem l an ton cho ph n mang thai; nhng cn coi chng v chng lm tng cn qu mc. C nhiu quan tm v dinh dng khi mang thai. Mt trong nhng s nhng quan ngi ny l v cht ngt nhn to trong thc phm i vi sc khe ph n mang thai. Nhiu thai ph gim lng ng trong ch n ung nhng li thay th bng cc loi thc phm v thc ung cha cht lm ngt nhn to. Tuy nhin, nhng ph n mang thai khng dung np carbohydrate, chng hn, mc tiu ng thai nghn hoc khng insulin th phi hn ch vic s dng cht ngt dinh dng.

Cht ngt dinh dng bao gm cc loi ng nh sucrose, dextrose, mt ong, ng, ng, fructose v maltose. ng ru (sugar alcohol) cng l cht ngt dinh dng m thng c tm thy trong cc thc phm c gn nhn l "sugar free". ng ru khng phi l ng n, chng c calo c th c chuyn i thnh cht bo. V d v ng ru bao gm: Sorbitol, Xylitol, Isomalt, Manitol v hydro ha tinh bt. 2. Cht ngt phi dinh dng c b sung vi s lng rt nh thc phm mang v ngt. Cht ny c dng s dng trong cc loi thc phm n king.

Nhiu loi cht ngt nhn to khng an ton cho b bu. (nh minh ha) Sau y l nhng cht lm ngt phi dinh dng c xem l an ton khi mang thai: + Rebaudioside A (Stevia): thng xuyn c s dng trong nc gii kht v nc tri cy. + Acesulfame Kali (Sunett): cht ngt ny c thm vo bnh nng, mn trng ming ng lnh, bnh trng ming v ung. + Aspartame: thng c tm thy nh l mt cht gelatin ph gia trong nc ngt, mn trng ming, bnh, ng cc n sng, ung, ko cao su, sn phm sa v cc thc phm khc. Theo Cc Qun l Thc phm v Dc phm M (FDA), Aspartame l cht an ton s dng trong khi mang thai v cho con b nhng bn nn tiu th va phi. Aspartame khng c s dng cho ngi b PKU (ri lon trao i cht), bnh gan him gp, hoc ph n mang thai c nng cao phenylalanine trong mu. + Sucralose: l cht lm ngt phi calo c lm t ng. Sucralose c s dng trong bnh nng, ung khng cha cn, ko cao su, cafe, ch, mt, cht bo v du, mn trng ming ng lnh v hn hp sa, nc tri cy, cc cht thay th ng, nc st ngt, bnh v xi-r. Theo FDA, sucralose an ton cho tt c mi ngi, bao gm c ph n mang thai. Cht ngt nhn to b nghi ng hoc khng an ton khi mang thai

- Saccharin: d khng c s dng nhiu ngy nay nh trong qu kh, saccharin xut hin trong nhiu loi thc phm, ung v cc cht khc. Cc nghin cu trc y kt lun, saccharin lm tng nguy c pht trin ung th bng quang. Khng nhng th, saccharin cn c th i qua nhau thai v tn ti trong m bo thai, do , vic s dng saccharin cho ph n mang thai vn cn nhiu nghi vn.

Lu : Nu bn s dng cc cht lm ngt nhn to khi ang c thai, tt nht hy ni chuyn vi bc s v cht ngt bn ang s dng.

- ng ho hc: cht lm ngt ny c lin quan n ung th v hin ang b cm M. ng ho hc khng c coi l an ton cho bt c ai, k c ph n mang thai. (Theo Ngc Hu/ Mevabe)

Ph gia thc phm

Bch khoa ton th m Wikipedia

Cc ph gia thc phm l cc cht c b sung thm vo thc phm bo qun hay ci thin hng v v b ngoi ca chng. Mt s ph gia thc phm c s dng trong nhiu th k; v d bo qun bng lm da chua (vi dm), p mui- chng hn nh vi tht p mui xng khi, hay s dng ixt lu hunh nh trong mt s loi ru vang. Vi s ra i v pht trin ca cng nghip ch bin thc phm trong na sau th k 20 th c thm nhiu ph gia thc phm c gii thiu, c t nhin ln nhn to.
Mc lc
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1 nh s 2 Cc th loi 3 Xem thm 4 Lin kt ngoi

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qun l cc ph gia ny v thng tin v chng cho ngi tiu dng th mi loi ph gia u c gn vi mt s duy nht. Ban u cc s ny l cc "s E" c s dng chu u cho tt c cc ph gia c chp nhn. H thng nh s ny hin c y ban m thc phm (Codex Alimentarius Committee) chp nhn v m rng xc nh trn bnh din quc t tt c cc ph gia thc phm m khng lin quan n vic chng c c chp nhn s dng hay khng. Tt c cc s E u c tin t "E" i km, nhng cc quc gia ngoi chu u ch s dng cc s m khng cn bit l cc ph gia c c chp nhn s dng chu u hay khng. V d,axt axtic l ph gia 260, v th n c vit l E260 trn cc sn phm c by bn chu u. Ph gia 103, alkanet, khng c

chp nhn s dng chu u nn n khng c s E, mc d n c chp nhn s dng ti c v New Zealand. Xem thm Danh sch cc ph gia thc phm c danh sch y tt c cc m s.

[sa]Cc

th loi

Cc ph gia thc phm c th phn chia thnh vi nhm, mc d c mt s phn chng ln gia cc th loi ny. Cc axt Cc axt thc phm c b sung vo lm cho hng v ca thc phm "sc hn", v chng cng c tc dng nh l cc cht bo qun v chng xi ha. Cc axt thc phm ph bin l dm, axt citric, axt tartaric, axt malic, axt fumaric, axt lactic. Cc cht iu chnh chua Cc cht iu chnh chua c s dng thay i hay kim sot chua v kim ca thc phm. Cc cht chng vn Cc cht chng vn gi cho cc cht bt, chng hn nh sa bt khng b vn cc. Cc cht chng to bt Cc cht chng to bt lm gim hoc ngn chn s to bt trong thc phm. Cc cht chng xi ha Cc cht chng xi ha nh vitamin C c tc dng nh l cht bo qun bng cch kim ch cc tc ng ca xy i vi thc phm v ni chung l c li cho sc khe. Cc cht to lng Cc cht to khi lng chng hn nh tinh bt c b sung tng s /khi lng ca thc phm m khng lm nh hng ti gi tr dinh dng ca n. Cc cht to mu thc phm Cht to mu thc phm c thm vo thc phm thay th cc mu sc b mt trong qu trnh sn xut hay lm cho thc phm trng bt mt hn. Cht gi mu Ngc li vi cc cht to mu, cc cht gi mu c s dng bo qun mu hin hu ca thc phm. Cc cht chuyn th sa Cc cht chuyn th sa cho php nc v du n duy tr c th hn hp cng nhau trong th sa, chng hn trong maint, kem v sa. Cc cht to v

Cc cht to v l cc ph gia lm cho thc phm hng v hay mi c th no v c th c to ra t cc cht t nhin hay nhn to. Cc cht iu v Cc cht iu v lm tng hng v sn c ca thc phm. Cc cht x l bt ng cc Cc cht x l bt ng cc c thm vo bt ng cc (bt m, bt mch v.v) ci thin mu sc ca n hay s dng khi nng bnh. Cc cht gi m Cc cht gi m ngn khng cho thc phm b kh i. Cc cht bo qun Cc cht bo qun ngn hoc kim ch s thi hng ca thc phm b gy ra bi cc hot ng ca nm mc, vi khun hay cc vi sinh vt khc. Cc cht y Cc cht y l cc loi kh nn c s dng y thc phm ra khi cha ng n. Cc cht n nh Cc cht n nh, to c v to gel, chng hn aga hay pectin (s dng trong mt s loi mt hoa qu) lm cho thc phm c kt cu c v chc. Trong khi chng khng phi l cc cht chuyn th sa thc th, nhng chng gip cho cc cht th sa n nh hn. Cc cht lm ngt Cc cht lm ngt c b sung vo thc phm to v ngt. Cc cht lm ngt khng phi ng c thm vo gi cho thc phm cha t nng lng (calo) nhng vn c v ngt ca ng hay v chng c cc tc ng c li cho cc bnh nhn b bnh i ng hay su rng. Cc cht lm c Cc cht lm c l cc cht m khi thm vo thc phm s lm tng do m khng lm thay i ng k cc thuc tnh khc ca thc phm.

Khng nn dng ru chung vi cht ngt nhn to Nhng loi thc ung c cn pha chung vi cht ngt nhn to s lm tng hm lng hp thu cn vo mu ngi ung. Cc chuyn gia ti Bnh vin Hong gia Adelaide (c) i n kt lun trn sau mt cuc nghin cu. Nhng ngi tnh nguyn dng mt loi nc ung mi cam pha chung vi ru vodka v ng 478 calorie ri sau dng cng loi thc ung nhng c pha chung vi cht ngt nhn to 225 calorie. Kt qu: hm lng cn trong mu nhm dng cht ngt nhn to cao hn nhiu so vi ng. c bit, cht ngt nhn to (dng thay ng) ang c nhiu ngi a chung (nht l nhng ngi ang n king) v n cha t calorie hn ng. ( Theo thanhnien online )

Cuc cch mng ca ng v cc cht to v ngt, stevia

Ngi a bi: theo Spiegel 06/08/2010

| In |

Mt h thng qung co khng l ang khi u: cc tp an thc phm ngy cng kim c t tin t cc sn phm ng ha hc truyn thng, gi h ang to ra mt th trng mi. Sn phm mi tn Stevia, mt cht th ng khng c cha nng lng cc i gia ngnh thc phm ang mong ch mt business vi hng t USD.

C ai trong chng ta nghe ni n Stevia ? chc l cha v trn cc thng tin i chng cng nh trong lnh vc ti chnh chng ai ch n n. Tuy nhin s c nhng thay i trong thi gian ti, v y c th l mt s thay i ln trong ngnh cng nghip thc phm. Stevia l mt cht lm ngt. T hng trm nm nay, ngi da ti vng bin gii Brazil v Paraguay dng mt loi cy c c tn l Stevia, cn gi l cy c mt, lm cht lm ngt. L ca cy c ny ngt gp 30 ln so vi ng ct chng ta thng dng v cht steviosid , chit xut ra t l, c ngt gp 300 ln. Ngoi ra cn mt cht trong cy c c tn Rebaudiosid A, cn ngt hn na Hp dn hn na l cht ngt ny, d chng ta cm c, nhng c th han tan khng tiu th. Ni mt cch khc l cht ngt ny hon ton khng c calory i vi c th chng ta. iu ny khng khc g cc loi ng ha hc nh Aspartam, mt cht lm ngt nhn to chng ta chp nhn d dng. Cht ngt khc nh Cyclamat th ti mt s quc gia bi tr, cm on v c tc hi i vi sc khe. Mt cht lm ngt t nhin, khng cha calory, c ngi da dng hng trm nm nay, s c mt v tr khc hn. n vt m khng s mp, khng lo lng, chng ta ang c mt tng lai tuyt vi !

Cm ti Ty phng nhng cho php ti ng phng ? Tuy nhin th trng c nhng ci nhn khc hn chng ta mun. ng ra cht lm ngt Stevia Rebaudiana phi c ng dng t lu v u phi i cho n mi thi gian ny. bit r chng ta ch cn t cu hi n gin l : c li cho ai v c hi cho ai ? C li , d nhin l c li cho ngi tiu dng v c hi l c hi cho cc i gia trong ngnh ch bin thc phm, cc i gia ang sn xut v kinh doanh cc mt hng ng ha hc nh Aspartam, trong mt i gia dn u l NutraSweet, thuc tp an Gentech Monsanto vo nm 2000. Vo thp nin 80 ca th k qua, khi ti Stevia va khuy ng th trng M, th mt nghin cu ca i hc Illinois ti Chicago bp cht cuc tho lun tranh ci v Stevia vi kt qu: Th nghim vi chut, cc cht phn hy t Steviosid c tc dng gy ung th! Ct li s vic l cc i gia ang sn xut v kinh doanh ng ha hc c tham gia, c nh hng trong th nghim ny ! T stevia khng cn l ti ti cc nc phng ty na, v i vi cc quc gia ty u : khng c php xi Stevia trong ch bin thc phm ! Khc hn th ti Chu! Nht a Stevia vo mc cc sn phm hng ngy t thp nin 70 ca th k qua v stevia chim 40% th trng cc cht lm ngt. Ngi Nht khng v n stevia m b ung th hng lot Khng cn kim c tin vi cc cht lm ngt c in Hin ti ang c nhng bin ng mi: cc pht minh cho nhiu cht lm ngt nhn to ang t t ht gi tr. i vi Aspartam t nm 1992, vi Sucralose t nm 2005. Ngoi ra th trng ang b ph lp bng cc sn phm r tin t Trung Quc khin cc i gia khng

cn kim c tin. V nh mt php l, Stevia t nhin li tr nn hp n i vi h ! Tuy nhin, lm th no cc i gia trong ngnh kim c tin t cy Stevia ? H khng th dnh pht minh c quyn cho mt cy c c t hng trm nm nay v ai cng c th trng c th bn ? V ri h ny ra mt tng: h dng cc phng php ha hc chit xut Rebaudiosid A ra khi cy c v ng k bn quyn, pht minh cho mt chui cc phng php ny. Stevia l cy c, th vn b cm, cc cht c chit xut ra t cy c, theo phng php ha hc th khng b cm v h c th kim hng triu, triu US la vi cht lm ngt c ng k c quyn ch bin ny M bt u ty chay ng ! Vo nm 2007 Coca cola ng k 24 pht minh trn cc sn phm ca Stevia. i tc ca Coca cola, cng l i tc cng pht trin sn phm, l Cargill mt i gia trong ngnh thc phm v nng nghip, mt cng ty gia nh vi doanh thu 116 t USD trong nm va qua. chun b xong cha cuc tn cng ca Stevia i vi ng truyn thng v cc loi ng ha hc nh Aspartam .. ? Gn xong , cha xong v cn mt s im cn gii quyt: - V ngt cn phi ging ng. Theo bo co ca Cargill th h khc phc c cc yu im trong v ngt ca Stevia, nh gim bt cc mi v tp trong stevia. - H phi thuyt phc ngi tiu dng l .. cht chit xut bng phng php ha hc l hon ton t nhin ! D, qu v bit l .. cy c ca ngi da bla bla Tt c l vic v chnh sch qung co ! - Cht lm ngt mi ny phi c cc quc gia ty u chp nhn. Ti M, Food and Drug administration tuyn b Rebaudiosid A khng c hi v c dng lm ph gia trong thc phm vo thng 12, 2008. Php chp nhn tm thi vo thng 9, 2009. Trong thi gian ti, cc quc gia u Chu s c quyt nh cho vic ny. - Cn phi gia tng vic trng thm Stevia. Cargill thc y vic trng Stevia khp th gii. H k hp ng vi nng dn ti Trung Quc cho vic sn xut ht ging Stevia. Hin nay sn phm Truvia ca Cargill ang lm b ch trn th trng v chim khang 6% th phm cht lm ngt ti USA. Coca colar p dng cht lm ngt Stevia cho th trng m trong sn phm nc ngt Sprite Green. PepsiCo cng dang nhy vo lnh vc sn xut cc sn phm Stevia. Cng thun tin hn na l cc chnh sch chnh tr quc gia cng ang h tr cng vic ny mt cch rt tnh c: tun qua chnh ph M bt u mt chin dch chng cn bnh bo ph v s tiu th ng qu mc ca dn chng. Cuc chin ca Washington l chng li cc loi nc ung c qu nhiu ng. Tng thng Barack Obama ang d tnh p thm thu c bit trn cc sn phm nc ung c ng. Sng kin ny c ngh vo cui nm 2009 v ang c chun b cho cuc hp quc hi. Nn tng ca sng kin ny l cc nghin cu khoa hc v cuc vn ng cho mt li sng mnh khe v khng l thuc vo ng ! Trong vng vi nm ti s hnh thnh mt th trng c gi tr n nhiu nhiu t USD m trong sut thi gian qua khng ai n. i vi cc i gia trong ngnh ch bin v sn xut thc phm : the party can begin ! Mt phn tch th trng ca Dirk Mueller

Chy ua trong vic to ging, vic Cargill ang ro rit sn xut ti Trung Quc, hnh AFP / Spiegel

Cc li bnh (3)
ng k nhn li bnh

essen (14 08, 2010)

Ti Php v chu u, hin ti c mt loi c gy tranh ci, tn gi l stevia. Cc ch phm ca loi cy ny rt ngt, c tc dng dng thay th c ng. Nhng nhiu ngi cho rng tnh an ton ca loi c ny cha c kim chng, trong khi nhiu ngi khc li cho rng stevia c rt nhiu tc dng cha bnh. Ngy 14/4 va qua, C quan an ton thc thm chu u a ra kt lun, theo , liu dng an ton ca cc cht ngt chit xut t cy stevia l 4mg trn 1 kilogramme trng lng c th. Trn th trng Php, gi c ngt rt cao, khong 10 -15 euro cho 50 gam bt tinh cht. Tuy nhin, c d on cho rng ch trong vng 5 nm ti, stevia-c ngt s c th chim c t 20%-25% th phn ca ng thc phm. Trc , thng 8/2008, mt y ban hn hp ca T chc lng thc v T chc y t th gii cng b kt lun khoa hc v tnh v hi ca cc cht gy ngt bao gm rebaudiosid A v cc cht ngt khc chit xut t cy stevia. Cc cht ny khng cha cc yu t gy ung th, khng lm hi gen, khng c nh hng n h sinh sn hay tng trng ca ngi. Tip , vo thng 11 nm 2009, c quan an ton thc phm ca Php cho php s dng rebaudiosid A nh mt thnh phn thc phm. Mt quy nh khc vo u thng 1 nm 2010 ca chnh ph Php tip tc cho php s dng rebaudiosid A vi hm lng cao hn. Quy nh ny c gi tr trong hai nm, trong khi ch i quyt nh ca cc c quan chu u c thm quyn. Ngay lp tc, ti Bretagne, thng hai va qua cng ty Phare Ouest a vo th trng sn phm nc gii kht Breizh Cola vi ng lm t stvia. Tuy nhin, vic s dng l cy stevia kh cho vo cc ung vn b cm ti Php. Ti Hoa K v chu u, vic s dng cy stevia b cm trong mt thi gian di. Hn mi nm trc (1999), v khng cc d kin chng minh tnh v hi ca chng, y ban chu u t chi cho php s dng cy v l c ngt sy kh ch bin thc n v lm ph gia thc phm. K t , nhiu nghin cu c tin hnh. Vy c ngt l g v tnh nng ca n ra sao ? Stevia hay c ngt l mt cy c, thn mnh, khi nhm thy c v ngt rt m. Cy ny c ngun gc t Paraguay v cc vng ni Ty Nam ca lc a M Latin. qu hng ca n, loi c ny c gi l Ca-h, Azuc-ca hay Ka-h-e, c ngha l c c v ngt. Cy c ngt mc cc vng rng rm cn nhit i, cao khong 500-1500 mt trn mc nc bin, vi nhit trung bnh 25C, v lng ma hng nm khong 1500 mm (trong khi ti Paris l 650mm/nm). C ngt c dng rng ri t lu ti Nam M. Ti Nht, Hn Quc, i Loan, loi c ny c dng lm thc phm t khong 40 nm nay. Ti Vit Nam, c ngt bt u c trng v s dng t cui nhng nm 1980. Tn khoa hc ca c ngt lc ban u l Eupatorium rebaudianum v O. Rebaudi l ngi u tin ni n n. Nm 1899, mt nh tho mc ngi Paraguay, M.C. Bertoni, xc nh n l cy thuc loi stevia, h cc. Nm 1905 ng miu t rnh mch v i tn n thnh Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Nm 1915, R. Robert tm ra c trong c mt cht c tn gi l eupatorin. Sau Bertoni ngh sa tn eupatorin thnh estevina hay stevin. Lin hip Quc t Ha hc hp Copenhague nm 1924 ch nh tn steviosid cho cht ny. T c ngt, thot tin ngi ta chit ra cht steviosid, mt loi ng thin nhin khng c nit, vi hm lng 3-10% trong l kh, ngt gp 150-300 ln ng n. Steviosid c kh nng bn vng vi nhit v acid nn n khng b bin cht v khng b ln men trong d dy. T c ngt ngi ta c th chit xut ra c rebaudiosid A, cn ngt hn steviosid,

v nhiu cht khc. Nu nh chu u, c ngt mi ch c cng nhn trong cng nghip thc phm, th ti Vit Nam, qua kinh nghim s dng, ngi ta nhn thy, c ngt v c kh nng lm gim nhu cu cht ng v cht bt ca ngi bnh v cung cp nng lng cho c th mc thp, khng gy tc dng ph v khng c hi, do , cc lng y khuyn nhng ngi mc bnh tiu ng, bo ph, tng cholesterol trong mu v ngi cao tui nn dng c ngt hoc steviosid thay th cc loi ng t ma v c ci. Hin nay ti Vit Nam, c ngt ang c s dng di dng c v, thn l phi kh, ct nh, hm ung hng ngy. ng steviosid chit xut t c ngt c dng nh cht ph gia cho vic bo ch v sn xut cc loi tr thuc nh tr sm quy, tr artichaut, tr camonulla. Tuy nhin, ngoi cng dng tch cc, c ni ngi ta khuyn khng nn dng c ngt cho ngi gy m suy nhc, v n phn hy cht bt lm cho ngi cng gy m suy nhc thm. Cng nh tt c cc loi thuc ni chung, dng c ngt vi mc tiu cha bnh cn phi c bc s hay lng y k n. Trng Thnh RFI

trucdaidt (16 08, 2010)

vy ngi mp nh tui th seo ?

essen (18 06, 2012)

C ngt ang dn thay th ng ma? Thi gian gn y, thng tin khng nh hm lng ng ca c ngt gp 280 ln ma khin d lun quan tm. Nhng kin ca chuyn gia v ngi trng di y s gip ngi dn hiu hn v c ngt cng nh c th ng dng loi c ny trong i sng? Mi ng dng dng dc liu DS Nguyn Vit Hng, Gim c Trung tm Thng mi Dc - M phm cho hay: i vi h c th, c th trng c ngt phc v i sng hng ngy di dng dc liu. Tc ly thn cy, khng qua cc khu ch bin nu n thay ng hoc pha tr thanh nhit, gii c... Cn s dng cy c ngt thay th ng ma v v m (ton x hi v cc lnh vc khc nhau nh cng nghip thc phm, dc dng v nhu cu tiu dng ca ngi dn) cn tnh n nhiu yu t v ph thuc vo quy m ln hay b. Bi chit xut ra 1kg ng c ngt thng phm cn c thit b, u t khoa hc cng ngh m bo ngun dc liu t tiu chun. Trong khi ng ma nguyn liu sn c, cng ngh ph bin. V th, nu ni c th thay th ti thi im hin nay th cha hn. Nhng ng c ngt c nhiu u th v khng gy tc ng xu n sc kho. V d, ng c ngt khng sinh ra nng lng, khng gy bo ph, gim bnh tiu ng... Tt c nhng yu t v mt sc kho v tinh thn, an ton thc phm th c ngha ln hn vn kinh t. C th trng h gia nh Theo GS.VS Trn nh Long, Ch tch Hi Ging cy trng Vit Nam: Hin nay, ngi dn nn trng cy c ngt trong nh thay th dn ng ma vo mt s mc ch. C th trng cy chu cnh, thng xp hay lung trc nh vi vi m2. Khi cy ln khong 25 - 30cm, ta cnh ra cc nhnh mi. Khi cy ln thu hoch bng

cch hi l, khng cn chit xut, tt nht trc khi cy ra hoa. Trng hp cy c hoa c th ngt n hoa tng ngt cho l. C th n l trng thi ti hoc phi kh cho vo thc phm. V th, c th ng dng vo i sng ng thi gim nhiu nguy c v sc kho. Ngoi ra, cy c ngt cng c c nghin cu rng ri v khng nh khng c bt k tc dng ph no. Cy c ngt c cc tc dng nh thay th cho ng, chng bnh tiu ng, gim bo, cn bng huyt p cho ngi cao v thp, chng s hot ng ca vi khun... trong nc hin bt u c ng tinh ch t cy c ngt di dng ngt hn ng ma t 5 - 300 ln. Dng hng ngy lm nc ung ng Quang Ha, nng dn thn i Ct, x Lin Mc, T Lim, H Ni cho bit: "Ti trng c ngt t nm 1988. Cy c ngt d sng, khi trng c th t trn tng thng vi hp xp nh cha khong 15 - 20 cy. Hng ngy hi vi l cho vo pha nc ung. Cy c ngt mang danh l ngt nhng t su bnh xm nhp. Gia nh ti hin ang dng c ngt nu nc ng, nu ch, thm ch nu canh v nc ung hng ngy". 24/04/2012

Cyclamate c dng trong cng nghip thc phm nhiu nc t nhng nm 50, nhng ti Vit Nam, n li khng nm trong danh mc cc cht ph gia thc phm c php s dng. Vic s dng cyclamate trong ch bin thc phm b coi nh mt hnh thc sn xut hng gi. Cui thng 9, Cng ty TNHH Nc gii kht Ty Ty b khi t vi ti danh "sn xut, bun bn hng gi l lng thc thc phm" do s dng cyclamate sn xut nc gii kht. ng Phm nh Trp, Gim c cng ty ni: "Cyclamate c bn cng khai ph Hng B. Ti i hc Bch khoa, ti c ngi ta ging y l cht to ngt tt nht dng sn xut cc thc phm v nc gii kht c calo thp. Vy m theo php lut, ti li l ngi c ti". ng Trp cho bit, trong ti liu ging dy (do ph gio s Nguyn Duy Thnh bin son) ca "Lp hc ph gia thc phm" ti i hc Bch khoa H Ni nm 1999 m ng tham gia c vit: "Cyclamate c s dng trong cng nghip thc phm nhiu nc t gia nhng nm 1950. N khng lm hi cc men tiu ha, khng c vi c th ngi. C th dng n trong tt c cc trng hp cn s dng ng vi t l 1 phn cyclamate thay th 30-40 phn ng...". Ngay c cng vn ca Cc Qun l cht lng v sinh an ton thc phm (B Y t) gi Phng Cnh st kinh t CA H Ni ngy 15/11 cng vit: "Ty tng quc gia, cyclamate c s dng trong h tr iu tr tiu ng hoc to ngt khng sinh nng lng trong cc thc phm cho ngi n king. Theo ti liu chng ti thu thp c, hin c 44 quc gia cho php s dng cyclamate lm ph gia thc phm... Theo cc nghin cu v c hc ca cyclamate, cht ny an ton i vi ngi s dng".

Sau khi mt nghin cu M nm 1969 cho rng cyclamate v cc cht chuyn ha ca chng c th gy ung th trn chut, c nhiu cuc nghin cu ngn v di hn v c hc ca cht ny. Nm 1984, C quan Qun l Thuc v Thc phm M kt lun: Cyclamate khng sinh ung th trn chut, khng nh hng n s chuyn ha cc cht trong c th, n ADN v cu trc gene. Theo nguyn vng ca cc nh sn xut, B Y t cn c nh gi chnh xc v an ton ca cyclamate, v cho php s dng n trong sn xut thc phm nu cht ny v hi.

ng ho hc c g ng s?
Tm l ngi tiu dng ngy nay hng v nhng g c xut x t nhin, rt ngn nhng g ha hc. ng ha hc li cng b ngn ngi nhiu hn, nht l khi c nhiu tai ting l ng ha hc gy ung th... Trong thc t hin nay, cc nc phng Ty, ng ha hc ang c dng nhiu gip nhng ngi ho ngt ct gim c calori. Chng hn nh nm 1999, C quan Qun l Thuc v Thc phm M FDA tnh ra l trung bnh ngi M xi khong 20 mung ng mi ngy, phn na trong s l t nc ngt. y l nguyn nhn dn n nn bo ph v tiu ng khin cho cc nh dinh dng phi ln ting bo ng yu cu phi ct gim. T , cc nh sn xut thc phm hng n cc loi cht ngt nhn to gim nng lng trong thc n m vn p ng c tnh ho ngt ca ngi tiu dng. VN, Quy nh danh mc cc cht ph gia c php s dng trong thc phm do B Y t ban hnh nm 2001 c cho php s dng n 6 loi cht ngt tng hp: manitol, acesulfam kali, aspartam, isomalt, saccharin (v cc mui Na, K, Ca ca n), sorbitol, sucralose.

Saccharin Quen thuc nht v tai ting nht l cht ngt nhn to u tin Saccharin (tn
thng mi l Sweetn Low, Sugar Twin, Sweet Magic, Zero-Cal) c khm ph u tin hi nm 1879. Th nhng, nm 1977, lc saccharin cn l cht ngt nhn to duy nht, mt nghin cu ca Canada cho bit saccharin gy ung th bng i cho chut gy hoang mang ln cho ngi tiu dng th gii. FDA d nh cm dng saccharin trong mi ng dng tr vic dng di dng thuc cho ngi tht s cn. Th nhng ngi ta pht hin sau l th nghim ni trn cho chut n saccharin vi liu bng vi mt ngi ung 800 lon nc ngt loi t ng (diet) mt ngy! Saccharin khng b cm nhng sn phm dng saccharin phi gn thm mt cu trn nhn: Dng sn phm ny c th gy nguy hi cho sc khe ca bn. Sn phm ny c cha saccharin c bit l gy ung th cho chut th nghim. Phi n nm 2002, Trung tm kim sot dch bnh ca M ti Atlanta thc hin th nghim cho thy khng c khc bit v t l ung th bng i ngi dng v khng dng saccharin. Tc dng gy ung th bng i chut trong th nghim trc c th l do cc tp cht i km trong saccharin. Nay th sau nhiu li n i xu nh vy, saccharin vn c dng kh ph bin. Saccharin ngt hn ng ma bnh thng n 300 ln, gi thnh ch to r nn gi bn cng r, thm na n li khng b phn hy bi nhit nn c th dng trong cc mn bnh nng. Ngy nay, cc c quan FDA, AMA, T chc Ung th M v Hip hi Tiu ng M u nhn nhn l c th s dng saccharin an ton mc va phi. im yu duy nht lm cho ngi

ta khng thch saccharin l n li hu v ng. Va qua ti TP.HCM, on thanh tra lin ngnh v v sinh thc phm khi kim tra cc c s kinh doanh ch bin thc phm pht hin c du hiu s dng ng ha hc ngoi danh mc quy nh ca Nh nc. Ln t cc c s ny, c quan chc nng pht hin Cng ty Kim Nng (TP.HCM) nhp khu n... 15 tn ng ha hc Cyclamat (cm s dng trong thc phm) t Trung Quc vo Hi Phng, ri tiu th TP.HCM. Cng ty nhp khu ni h nhp v bn cho cc c s lm kem nh rng, nhng thc cht l cung cp cho cc n v ch bin thc phm. V vic ny ang c c quan chc nng th l h s truy t.

ASPARTAM (tn thng mi l Aspartam, NutraSweet, Equal...) l cht ngt nhn to

thay th ng c a chung nht hin nay, c thnh phn l hai loi acid amin l phenylalanin v acid aspartic. Th nhng n cng khng trnh c li ra ting vo, c bit l trn Internet gn y cng c n i l n gy ra chng u no! Ln ny th FDA cng rn hn, hn 200 th nghim c thc hin xc nhn l aspartam an ton cho mi ngi, tr nhng ngi mc mt chng bnh di truyn kh him l bnh phenylketonuria, v n s lm tng lng phenyl alanin trong mu. Aspartam c cho php ng dng nm 1981. N t ngt hn sacharin nhng cng ngt hn ng ct n 180 ln v tt hn l n khng li hu v ng nh sacharin. Tuy nhin aspartam khng dng lm bnh nng c v chng b phn hy trong nhit.

SUCRALOSE (tn thng mi l Splenda) mi c php tung ra th trng hi 1998. y

l loi cht lm ngt t nng lng duy nht c lm t ng ma sucroz tht nhng c ngt gp 600 ln ng. Thm na, n khng c c th coi l ng nn khng c tiu ha v v vy khng pht sinh nng lng. Sucralose bn nhit nn c dng lm cc loi bnh nng t calori.

ACESULFAM KALI ( tn thng mi l Sunett) bt u c bn ra th trng t nm

1988, ngt hn ng khong 200 ln, c th dng c trong lm bnh nng. th trng nc ngoi cn c Neotame (tn thng mi l Sweetener 2000) l loi ng nhn to mi m, va c FDA cho php bn ra th trng nm 2002. y l sn phm ca cng ty NutraSweet, ty theo loi thc n cho vo, neotame c th ngt t 7000-13000 ln so vi ng. Sorbitol, mannitol, isomalt... l nhng cht thay th ng c ngun gc t alcol. ngt ca cc loi cht thay th ny thng li thp hn ng. Trong rut, chng c th bin thnh fructoz v glucoz. Cc cht thay th ng ny c dng trong cc loi bnh ko, sa, thc ung dnh cho ngi n king.

Nhng loi ng ha hc no khng nn n?

Trn th trng th gii cn kh nhiu loi ng nhn to khc cha c cc c quan y t chp nhn cho php lu hnh: Stevia l cht ngt ly t mt loi cy Nam M. Hin nay n ch c bn nh mt cht dnh cho ngi n king ch cha c FDA cho php dng nh cht ph gia thc phm. Cyclamate c tung ra th trng t thp nin 1960 nhng sau b cm nm 1970 v kh nng gy ung th. Hin nay nh sn xut vn cn ang mun c xt li nhng cha c kt qu.

 Alitame ang c FDA xem xt. Cht ngt ny ngt hn ng n 2000 ln v bn vi nhit cao nn c th dng lm cc loi bnh nng.

C nn cho tr em n ng ha hc khng?
iu cc nh dinh dng lo lng chnh l y. Mc ch ca ng ha hc trong thi bnh (khng ging trong cc thi k th chin thiu ng ma nn buc phi dng ng ha hc thay th) chnh l gip ngi ta gim calori gim bo ph v trnh tiu ng. Trong khi , tr em th li rt cn nng lng v protein pht trin tr no v chiu cao. Ngi ta e ngi l trong cc gia nh, cha m phi tit thc nn cng cho con n cng ch dinh dng vi mnh. Khi , cc chu s b thiu dinh dng, thiu nng lng pht trin, c th sinh ra bnh tt hay suy dinh dng, hay tr no khng pht trin bnh thng... l do cha m dng sai mc ch ch khng phi do ng ha hc gy ra. V vy, vi tr em th nn cho n ng tht ch khng nn cho n ng ha hc, tr phi chu b bo ph hay tiu ng. Nh vy, cc bc cha m c th chn la ng loi bnh ko, thc ung cho mnh, cho tr, cc nh sn xut phi cng b cc thnh phn s dng trn nhn sn phm. Mt xu hng hin nay l trn nhn thng khng ghi tn ph gia m ch ghi k hiu bng s, lm sao ngi bnh thng c th bit c l ci g m la? Tt hn ht l khi khng bit chng l nhng th g th khng nn cho tr n!

S dng ng ho hc trong nu n nh th no?

Khi dng cc loi cht to ngt nhn to trong nu n v lm bnh..., bn cn nh l chng ch c ngt thi v khng c mt s tnh cht nh ng: ng cn c tc dng gi m tt, lm mm cho bnh ngt nng v nht l chng to ra mu nu khi b chy. ng nhn to khng c c cc tnh cht , cho nn cng thc lm bnh cn c iu chnh. Ngay nh khi cng thc yu cu phi rc ng xay ln mt bnh chng hn, hy tnh k lng dng trc khi rc. Thm na, dng ht ca cc loi ng nhn to khng ging ht ng cht no. Khi cng thc lm bnh yu cu phi nh chung cc thnh phn vi nhau, nh b, ng, trng... nu dng ng nhn to thay th, bn cn nh lu hn mt cht c kh cho hn hp. Bnh nng c th gi c lu hn nu trong t lnh. Coi li thi lng cn nng trong l - c th bnh s chn nhanh hn so vi dng ng: thng th vi bnh c th chn sm khong 7-10 pht v cc loi mt th khong 1-2 pht. Thay cho tnh lm vng hay nu bnh ca ng, bn c th thm bt cacao hay cht mt r ng trong cng thc lm ko hay bnh.HNH UYN

St cn c th bo trc bnh Alzheimer

Mt nghin cu mi y cho thy, nhng ngi gi b st cn c th l du hiu bo trc cn bnh Alzheimer.Mt nghin cu i vi hn 800 tu s, linh mc, nh s l nhng ngi hi bo cho thy, nhng ngi gim khong

2kg mi nm s c nguy c mc Alzheimer cao hn 35% so vi nhng ngi duy tr c trng lng. Trong bi vit ng s 27 ca t Thn kinh hc, gio s Aron Buchman v ng s ti Trung tm Y khoa i hc Rush Chicago cho bit, h s dng thng tin thu c t mt nghin cu trong cc tnh nguyn vin thin cha gio. Nhng ngi ny c kim tra v theo di sc khe cht ch. ng tc gi nghin cu, gio s David A. Bennett cho bit, rt c th cn bnh Alzheimer c nh hng ti ch s cn nng ca c th trc khi c triu chng biu hin bnh. Trong giai on u ca nghin cu, khng ai trong s cc tnh nguyn vin b mt tr nh v ch s cn nng trung bnh ca h l 27 (Nhng ngi b coi l bo c ch s cn nng tnh t 25 tr ln, v trn 30 l bo ph). Trong sut giai on tip sau, 151 ngi trong s cc tnh nguyn vin (chim 18,4%) mc bnh Alzheimer. Gio s David Bennett ni, nhng iu ny ch ra rng ch s khi lng c th bin i v st cn nhng ngi ln tui c th l du hiu ban u ca cn bnh Alzheimer v bo trc tnh trng suy gim tr nh. Theo Ngi pht ngn ca Hip hi Alzheimer Sam Gandy, vic nhn bit sm c cn bnh ny s cng tr nn quan trng. N c th gip sm iu ch thnh cng thuc lm chm li tin trnh pht trin ca bnh. Mc d cha c thuc iu tr nhng ng Gandy cho rng, nhng ngi trong nhm nguy c cao nn c nhng thay i trc khi c bt k du hiu ca chng mt tr nh.Tn Hoa x

Cht ngt nhn to ASPARTAME, m thm l k git ngi hng lot

Cho d c cc c quan kim duyt cp chng nhn v c thng mi ho vi chc nm gn y nhng n nay nhiu cht to ngt vn b phn i gay gt bi gii khoa hc, cc chuyn gia c lp v tnh mp m trong an ton cho ngi s dng. in hnh l trng hp ca aspartame, cht to ngt thng dng nht trn th gii, li mt ln na c a ln gh b co. Hng trm triu ngi trn th gii ang phi dn lng trc nhng mn n ngt y cm d n "cht ngi" v v vn l do nh tha cn, tiu ng...hay phn u gi ly vng eo thon th, m ngm ngi hi lng thay ng t nhin bng cc cht to ngt ho hc nh aspartame, saccarin, acesulfame K...Trnh v da, gp v da? Cho d c cc c quan kim quyt cp chng nhn v c thng mi ho vi chc nm nhng n nay nhiu cht to ngt vn b phn i gay gt bi gii khoa hc, cc chuyn gia c lp v tnh mp m trong an ton cho ngi s dng. in hnh l trng hp ca aspartame, cht to ngt thng dng nht trn th gii, li mt ln na c a ln gh b co. Aspartame c trong 6000 thc phm, dc phm V ngt ca aspartame c Jame Schlatter (tp on GD Searle) tnh c pht hin vo nm 1965. c Cc qun l c phm v thc phm M (FDA) cp php nm 1974, aspartame hin c thng mi

di nhiu tn khc nhau: Nutra Sweet, Equal, Spoonful, Aminosweet, Canderel, Sanecta..., l thnh phn ca khong 6000 sn phm thc phm, dc phm khc nhau. Aspartame (ph gia thc phm c m s E951) c mt khp ni, trong bnh ko, nc hoa qu, trong cc sn phm "khng ng" hoc sn phm "light", "diet"..., ko cao su, sa chua, ng cho ngi n king v ngay c trong mt s thuc, vitamin b sung. i ng ngi tiu dng ton cu c tnh khong 250 triu, trong ph n v tr em l hai i tng quan trng. Gi thnh r, d bo qun v s dng, siu ngt aspartame c ngt gp 200 ln ng t nhin. Tu theo ngun, gi thnh ca aspartame giao ng mnh, t khong 400.000 n 700.000 VND/kg. Nh vy, c ngt tng ng 1kg ng, ch cn chi ph khong 2000 n 3500 VND, li tit kim hng lot chi ph kho bi....Mi nm, khong 15,4 triu tn aspartame c tiu th quy m ton cu, chim khong 62% th trng cc cht to ngt. Hu dit sc kho ngi s dng? Theo t chc Y t th gii (WHO), liu dng hng ngy c khuyn co l khng qu 40mg/1kg th trng, tng ng 2,4g/ngy i vi mt ngi nng 60kg. Mc d c FDA v EFSA (U ban an ton thc phm Chu u) cho php s dng trong thc phm nhng kt qu nhiu nghin cu lm h s nghi vn ca aspartame ngy cng dy ln. c bit, hai cng trnh nghin cu trong thi gian gn y, mt ca , mt ca an mch lm si sc gii chuyn mn, buc nhiu c quan chc nng phi yu cu khn trng nh gi thm tc ng ca cht ny ln sc kho con ngi. Theo nghin cu u tin c thc hin an mch trn gn 60.000 ph n mang thai, vic tiu th u n di 1 lon nc ngt c gaz cha cht ngt ho hc aspartame (dng soda light) lm tng 38 % nguy c sinh non so vi i tng khng s dng. Nu ung trn 4 lon /ngy, nguy c ny tng n 78%. Nghin cu th 2, do GS Soffritti thuc Vin nghin cu ung th Ramazzini () ng u, vi mc ich chng minh aspartame c th gy ung th.. Aspartame c a vo thc n ca chut cc liu khc nhau cho cc nhm chut gm 240 con. Chng c theo di bt t giai on bo thai trong t cung n khi cht, cho thy mi lin quan mt thit gia vic tiu th aspartame v vic xut hin ung th, nht l ung th gan v phi nhng con c. Ngoi ra, nhiu cng trnh nghin cu v phn nh ca ngi tiu dng cho thy aspartame c th gy ra gn 100 tc ng ph khc nhau nh au u, chng mt, nn ma, mt ng, mt mi thng xuyn, chut rt, kinh nguyt bt thng, chng bt lc nam gii, ri lon th gic, ri lon tr nh, bnh bch cu... Trong c th, aspartame b thu phn thnh ba to nn n qua tng hp ho hc l axit aspartic, phenylalanine v methanol. C ba cht trn v sn phm chuyn ho u c coi l c vn vi sc kho ca con ngi. Axit aspartic b nghi ng l cht c thn kinh, nh hng n h thn kinh trung ng, th phm ca cc chng nhc u, mt mi, au bng, suyn, ng kinh. Ngoi ra, aspactic cng c th lm ri lon ni tit (hormone) v pht sinh cc vn v th lc...i vi phenylalanine, khi d tha trong mu, cht ny c th l tc gi ca benh phenylketonuria (PKU), lm chm pht trin tr tu, tn hi thn kinh. Cui cng l methanol. Methanol c chuyn ho trong gan to thnh formaldehyde, mt cht c ni ting, c kh nng gy h hng ADN dn n cc nguy c chnh l ung th, sinh non, ng thi gy c thn kinh vi cc ri lon hnh vi nh qu kch ng tr. Cc chuyn gia v nh sn xut ni g ? Ti Php, ni aspartame c cp php vo nm 1988, GS Narbonne, nh nghin cu c hc ni ting ku gi ngi Php ngng tiu th aspartame v cc sn phm c cha cht ny. Cc an ton

v sinh thc phm, mi trng v lao ng (ANSES) ca Php cng ln ting cho hay nh kim tra khng thi hn cc nghin cu mi , nhm a ra cc khuyn co cn thit. Trong khi , U ban an ton thc phm Chu u (EFSA) cng s nghin cu xem xt thm cc cng trnh mi cng b ca cc nh khoa hc xc nhn nhu cu cn cc cng trnh khoa hc b sung. TS Laurent Chevallier, chuyn gia dinh dng ph trch Mng li mi trng sc kho (RES, Php) cho rng cc tng tc gia aspartame v cc thuc cha c nghin cu y trn i tng tiu ng. Hon ton khng ngc nhin khi cc nh cng nghip phn i quyt lit, cho rng nhiu bo co lin tip ca cc nh chc trch lun kt lun tnh khng c hi ca aspartame. Rng phng php c s dng trong cng trnh nghin cu ca Vin Ramazzini l khng ph hp. Tuy nhin, GS Narbonne cng nhn xt rng cc test th nghim chnh thng ca cc c quan chc nng b li thi, khng cn gi tr na.

TS. o Huy Phong (Trung tm nghin cu Thc phm v Dinh dng)

ng ha hc - Li ai, hi ai?
Tags: Ph gia thc phm , ng ha hc , loi ng , cc loi , s dng , v ngt , nc ngt , bn cht , hi , dng , li , u , to

Cc em hc sinh v t n ung cc loi thc phm thng b s dng ng ha hc (nh: o Ngc Thch)

Trong cuc sng hng ngy chng ta vn thng xuyn phi dng n cc ngt (hoa qu, khoai c, ch, nc ngt, bnh ko...). Ngoi ngt tht c bn cht l protein v cc axit amin th a phn cc v ngt khc u l do cc loi ng to ra.
ng sinh hc dng cho chuyn ha t bo l glucose nhng trong thc t cuc sng chng ta thng a vo c th cc dng ng n, ng a nh fructose, mantose, saccharose, tinh bt... ly t cc loi hoa, c, qu, thn cy ma, c ci, mt ong... vn c sn trong t nhin. Cn cc loi ng ha hc - cc loi ch to v ngt ch khng chuyn ha c - dng trong vic iu tr cho nhng ngi bnh tha cn hay i tho ng. V bn cht, chng l saccharin hay manitol, acesulfam K, aspartam, isomalt, sorbitol, sucraloza c php s dng trong ch bin thc phm vi gii hn ti a v c quy nh r rng. Theo Vin V sinh y t cng cng TP H Ch Minh, ng ha hc (hay l cht ngt tng hp) l cht khng c trong t nhin, thng c v ngt rt cao so vi ng knh saccharose (ng t nhin khai thc t ma, c ci ng) v tuyt nhin khng h c mt gi tr dinh dng no khc. Tuy nhin trn th trng hin

nay vn ang tn ti rt nhiu nhng cht to ngt c gc ha hc l sodium cyclamate - mt loi ng ha hc khng h c trong danh mc cc loi ph gia thc phm c B Y t cho php lu hnh ti Vit Nam, v loi ng ha hc ny c th gy ra ung th gan, ung th phi, d dng bo thai, nh hng n cc yu t di truyn... Hn na cc cht chuyn ha ca cyclamate nh mono v di cyclohexylamin cn c hi hn c cyclamate (ch cn 0,7% c tc dng kch thch v gy ung th cho chut). Khng ch cc ch mi bn cc loi ng ha hc khng r ngun gc hoc ng sodium cyclamate, ngay c mt s nh thuc ty cng bn loi ng ha hc vn ch phc v ring cho bnh nhn tiu ng. cc nh thuc t nhn, ng ha hc ca c sn xut c tn Siissli (chai 1.200 vin) c bn vi gi 350.000 ng (bn l 500 ng/vin). Trn bao b ca loi ng ny c ghi r thnh phn ca n gm c cyclamate (40 mg) v saccharin (4 mg). Ti nhiu ca hng mua bn hng liu, ph gia thc phm u c bn ng ha hc c tn gi Bn cy ma hay ng Kim Ngn ht mn nh bt xay vi gi 24.000 ng/kg, tn ha hc tht s ca chng l sodium cyclamate. Mt loi ng ha hc khc c tn gi Tang Jing, cnh to gn bng ht u xanh, c ngt gp 500 ln ng ct bnh thng c gi bn l 90.000 ng/kg. Hin nay ti nhiu c s sn xut bnh ko, nc ngt, ch, sm lnh, sa u nnh v ti cc qun cm ngi ta vn thng dng loi ng ny nu nng cho r v li nhun cao hn nhiu so vi ng ma. D bit r nhng iu c hi cho ngi tiu dng nhng v li nhun c nhn ngi ta vn sn sng s dng cc loi ng ha hc ny. Ti v g sau u ln khch qua ng m thi.
T nhng nguy c gy bnh khi s dng lu di, hin nhiu nc trn th gii (trong c VN) khng cho php s dng cyclamate lm ph gia thc phm. D sodium cyclamate l mt loi ph gia gy c hi cho sc khe nhng v mc ch thng mi nn trn bao b ca sn phm (in bng hai ting Anh v Vit) cc nh phn phi vn ghi rng chng khng c hi cho sc khe, tt cho tui gi, tr em v ph n (m "qun" ghi r thm rng ch l khi ang dng cha cc bnh tiu ng v bo ph).

TS Bi Mnh H

Vit Bo (Theo_Thanh_Nien)

ng ha hc thay th, ngt hay... ng?

Tnh trng lm dng ng ha hc trong ch bin nc gii kht v thc phm l ni nhc nhi ca ton x hi. Mt s nh sn xut v li nhun bt chp nhng quy nh ca B Y t v Cc V sinh an ton thc phm c cho ra sn phm gii kht bao gm hng liu v ng ha hc ri qung co hp dn "chit xut t thin nhin. Mt trong nhng loi ng ha hc b cm c s dng nhiu nht l sodium cyclamate. Con ng ca sodium cyclamate? Sodium cyclamate c pht hin nm 1937 bi Michael Sveda, mt sinh vin Trng i hc Illinois (M). Sau cyclamate c Abbott mua bn quyn sn xut. Bo co ca phng th nghim Abbott cn cho hay cyclamate c tc dng nh mt cht khng khun v an thn. T nm 1958 cyclamate c cp php s dng ti M l cht to ngt thay th ng ma vi tn gi sucaryl v c s dng rng ri khng ch M m nhiu quc gia trn th gii. Lc M ngi ta s dng vi t l 1 phn cyclamate thay th 40-50 phn ng. Nm 1966 nhng nghin cu M tm ra mt s vi khun trong rut di tc dng ca cyclamate sinh ra sn phm cyclohexylamine mt cht gy c tnh trng din trn chut. V th cc nghin cu khng dng li m phi tip tc. Nm 1969 nghin cu thc nghim trn cyclamate vi sarcharin vi t l 10:1 th thy chut th nghim xut hin ung th bng quang. Cng b ch ra rng 8 trong s 240 con chut nui bng hn hp ny tng ng vi mt ngi ung 350 lon nc ngt n king mt ngy lm pht trin ung th bng quang r rng. Nghin cu khc cng b clohexylamine lm ph i tinh hon ca chut nht trng. V nhng bng chng kh thuyt phc trn nn C quan thc phm v thuc ca M (FDA) cm s dng cht to ngt cyclamate trn ton nc M. T n nay Abbott 2 ln xin php s dng li nhng u b FDA t chi. Tuy nhin 44 quc gia khc cyclamate vn ang c s dng trong ch bin thc phm v l cht to ngt dng nh la cm gic thm ca bnh nhn tiu ng. nc ta cyclamate cng nm trong danh mc cm s dng. Cyclamate trong thc phm Vit Nam Nu m t vic s dng cyclamate trong ch bin thc phm Vit Nam lu nay th c th dng hai ch ca ng bo Nam b l tm lum. Cc nh sn xut s dng cyclamate v hai yu t: n ngt gp 500 ln ng ma, nhp khu ch yu t bin gii pha Bc, gi thnh h, ph vn chuyn thp, ng nhin li nhun cc k hp dn.

Vi tr nh chc nng thi c ca gan, thn u km nn cc ha cht s tch ly li

Mt s c s sn xut bnh, ko, nc ngt, ch, sm lnh, sa u nnh, ngay c cc qun cm cng dng cht to ngt cyclamate cho r v n khng b phn hy bi nhit khi nu nng. B con mnh v t n v cyclamate l cht khng mu, khng mi, tuy nhin khi bn ung nc ngt xong th li s vng li v ng. Thch hoa qu vi mi v thm ngon c sc hp dn vi tr em, gi thnh h l mn qu hp ti tin vi mi gia nh. Mu sc th loi, bt mt. Chng ta cho tr n nh th hin tnh yu thng m t khi ngh n hu qu ang rnh rp.Thch hoa qu vn c lm t tri cy nguyn cht nhng y c nh sn xut ch chng t cht x carrageenan ca rong bin. H cho vo nhng ha cht nh sodium alginate (cht nh ha), bt agar, gelatin, phm mu v hng liu. Nhiu bc ph huynh tng rng con mnh c n vitamin nhng thc cht l mn ch c x v ha cht. Vi tr nh chc nng thi c ca gan, thn u km nn cc ha cht ny s tch ly li. Mt s tr t nhin bing n bi nhng ha cht dm cn tr kh nng hp thu protein, st, km khin tr chm ln. a s ngi bun bn nhp thch hoa qu t bin gii pha Bc v tiu th ti th trng cho tin. Thit ngh b con mnh cng nn bit thng tin ca Hip hi Ngi tiu dng Trung Quc: c 19 lai thch hoa qu ca 7 nhn hiu ang lu hnh trn th trng th 9 loi c cha cht to ngt cyclamate, 7 loi c hm lng cht to ngt vt qu tiu chun quy nh.

Lm dng cht to ngt c nh hng n sc khe n gin chng ta hiu rng n nhiu bt k th g cng khng tt cho sc khe. Chng hn n nhiu cht bo, cht ngt th gy bo ph. Bo ph li nh hng n ton thn c bit l gy bnh l tim mch, tiu ng, au nhc

xng khp v ri lon tm l n nhiu ng ma cng khng tt hung h l ng ha hc. Khi vo c th cc cht to ngt khng sinh nng lng, chng mang li dinh dng m cn c th tch ly gy c cho gan, thn. Cht to ngt cyclamate vo c th c vi khun trong rut chuyn thnh mono hay dicyclohexylamine l cht c th gy ung th gan, thn, phi, d dng bo thai trn thc nghim. Ngay c nhng cht to ngt c php s dng nh sarcharin, acesulfarm K, aspartame, isomalt, sorbitol, sucraloza vn phi dng trong gii hn cho php. V vy khi s dng phi ch n quy nh liu lng (ADI) ca T chc Y t th gii (WHO). ADI l quy nh liu lng c th dng c i vi 1kg c th trong ngy. Chng hn aspartame c ADI l 40mg th mc tiu th ti a nu bn 60kg l 6040 =2.400mg, nhng WHO vn khuyn bn ch nn s dng 30% liu lng cho php tc l 800 mg/ngy bo m an ton cho gan, thn. Cc V sinh an ton thc phm hay cc s y t khng th "canh me", kim sot c ngun thc phm tt c mi ni. V th cc b ni tr Vit hy tr li l nhng ngi ca bp nc, t nu nng, la chn thc phm ti sng mi hi vng m bo sc khe cho c gia nh bn. Theo TS.BS L Thy Ti

ng ha hc
LN CP NHT CUI LC TH HAI, 22 THNG 11 2010 22:48TH NM, 01 THNG 4 2010 03:45

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ha hc thc phm ha hc i sng ng ng ha hc

(Ha hc ngy nay-H2N2)-Trong cuc sng hng ngy chng ta vn thng xuyn phi dng n cc loi thc phm c vi ngt nh hoa qu, khoai c, ch, nc ngt, bnh ko...Ngoi v ngt c bn cht l protein v cc axit amin th a phn cc v ngt khc u l do cc loi ng to ra. ng sinh hc dng cho chuyn ha t bo l glucose nhng trong thc t cuc sng chng ta thng a vo c th cc dng ng n, ng a nh fructose, mantose, saccharose, tinh bt... ly t cc loi hoa, c, qu, thn cy ma, c ci, mt ong... vn c sn trong t nhin.

ng ha hc hay cht thay th ng (sugar substitute) c xem nh l mt ha cht c v ngt ging nh ng c trong ma, c cidng trong vic n ung. ng ho hc c nhiu loi: cyclamate, saccarin, aspartam, acesunfam-K, sucralose... Do c v ngt m li khng cung cp nng lng nn chng c dng ph bin trong cc loi thc phm khng nhm cung cp dinh dng hoc c calo thp nh ko cao su, trong thc n gim cn. Cc loi ng thay th c th c trong thin nhin hay bng phng php tng hp, v loi ng ny c v ngt gp nhiu ln hn ng n thng thng, cho nn ch cn dng mt lng nh. C mt s ng c trong thin nhin nh sorbitol, v xylitol tm thy trong cc loi du, rau, tri cy, v nm. Tuy nhin do hiu qu kinh t thp khi chit xut cc loi ng ny nn chng c tng hp bng ha cht nh t glucose Saccharin ra sorbitol, xylose ra xylitol.

Saccharin c nh ngha nh l ha cht tng hp c v ngt (sweet tasting synthetic compound), c cng thc C7H5NO3S, khm ph do GS Constantin Fahlberg i hc Hopkins nm 1878 trong khi nghin cu v cht hc n (tar) trong than. V ngt c c tnh t 200 n 700 ng thng thng, nhng li cho hu v ng trong c hng sau khi ung vo. Lng saccharin chp nhn cho c th (acceptable daily intake-ADI) l 5mg/kg. Tn thng mi ca saccharin l Sweet NLow. Khi i vo c th, saccharin khng b hp th vo cc b phn trong c th m c thi hi sau qua ng tiu tin. Do , c th ni saccharin khng to ra nng lng cho c th v khng nh hng n lng ng trong mu. Saccharin khng nhng c p dng trong cng ngh thc phm, m cn trong dc phm v phu thut thm m.

u thp nin 60, ha cht ny c xp loi c nguy c gy ra ung th (carcinogen). Do , vo nm 1977, Canada v FDA Hoa K cm s dng ha cht ny v pht hin gy ung th bng quang chut. Nhng trc p lc ca dn chng v nh sn xut, Quc hi Hoa K cho php dng li vi iu kin phi c hng ch c nguy c c hi cho sc khe (potentially hazardous to health). Nm 2000, FDA Hoa K li ly hng ch ny ra v c nhng nghin cu chng minh s an ton ca saccharin! Tuy nhin, hin nay mt s nghin cu hin i li khm ph ra rng, saccharin c th to ra d ng cho c th nh nhc u, tiu chy, da b trc v.vi vi cc ph n ang mang thai, saccharin c th i thng vo bo thai v nm yn trong trong sut thi k mang thai; do thai nhi c th b nh hng v to nn nhng chng ri lon chc nng ca c bp (muscle dysfunction). Dng nhiu lng saccharin c th sinh ra chng bo ph. Tuy nhin tt c nhng bin chng do vic x dng saccharin vn cn l mt tranh ci v cha c kt lun no c tnh cch thuyt phc. Aspartame

Hin ti, con ngi khm ph ra 92 loi bin chng ca ha cht aspartame. iu ny c v phi l nhng l mt s tht: Aspartame ha tan trong nc v c th di chuyn n bt c m (tissue) no trong c th. Sau c th tiu ha (digest) ha cht ny ch khng c tng kh ra ngoi m khng b tiu ha hay phn hy nh trng hp saccharin. Hai bin chng quan trng nht l nh hng di truyn v c th b mi mt. Ngoi ra, nhng bin chng lit k sau y ni ln tnh cch nht thi hay di hn ty theo mc tiu dng ha cht ny trong thc phm hng ngy: - Mt: c th b m hay gim thiu th lc, chy nc mt thng xuyn, mt li ra (bulging); Tai: Thn lng kinh: bng chng l kinh tai, khng nhc tip u, nhn mt mt, s tn mt tr s nh, ca ni m lp thanh; bp..;

phong,

chng

- Tm sinh l: b trm cm, cm thy khng an tm, c tnh bo ng, mt ng, lo s bt thng; Bao t: i ma, tiu chy, i khi c mu trong phn,au bng thng xuyn;

- Ni tit: khng kim sot bnh tiu ng c, rng tc, lm gim lng ng trong mu (hypoglycemia); - Cc chng ph: i tiu kh khn v au, c th gy ra d dng cho thai nhi, trm cm c th i n t t Do , c th kt lun rng aspartame l mu s chung ca 92 dng bnh l ca cc chng bnh thi i. Mc d c nhng nghin cu khoa hc chng minh cho 92 triu chng trn y, nhng cho n nay ha cht ny vn c FDA cho php by bn trn th trng bt k tt c nhng khuyn co t trc n nay. Dextrose

Dextrose l tn thng mi ca cc tinh th ng glucose trch t tinh bt (starch). Nu s kt tinh khng c nc trong tinh th, ha cht c gi l dextrose khan (anhydrous dextrose). Nu tinh th c cha mt phn t nc, dextrose s c tn l dextrose hay dextrose monohydrate. C th ni hu ht nhng nh sn xut dextrose u s dng bt ng ch tao dextrose, do cn c tn l ng bp (corn sugar). Mt s t sn xut dextrose t go hay la m, c tn l ng go (rice sugar) hay ng bt m: (wheat sugar). Nhng i bin tiu chng thng c xuyn, th tiu gt, c nc ca tiu dextrose m l: mu;

Nga

ngy,

kh

th,

tc

ngc,

bp

tht

ming,

mi

co

git,

au

ngc.

Maltodextrin

Ha cht trn c c t s thy phn (hydrolysis) dextrose v c chui phn t ngn hn dextrose. Trn th trng khi ni n maltodextrin c ngha l mt hn hp gia dextrose v maltodextrin ch khng phi l altodextrin nguyn cht. Ha cht c c th hp th. Trong 1mg maltodextrin cung cp 4 calories cho c th. Maltodextrin thng c dng trong k ngh nc tri cy, hay tri cy hp, sp, cc loi sauces, cc loi bnh nng (cookies), v mt s thc n chi (snacks). V trong maltodextrin c cha nhiu phn t dextrose cho nn mt s bin chng ca dextrose cng c th xy ra cho maltodextrin. C hai bin chng cn nu ra y l maltodextrin c th nh hng ln lng ng trong mu v lm h rng. Sucralose

y l mt ha cht chuyn ha t hn hp dextrose v maltodextrin. Cc bin chng vn cha c xc nh r rng nhng mt s nghin cu cho thy loi ng thay th ny c nguy c lm cho gan phnh ra v lm ri lon cc chc nng ca thn. Nhng nh hng ca ng ha hc Ti Hoa K, cc loi ng sau y c FDA chp nhn, nhng vn cha c nhng kt qu nghin cu v mc an ton cng nh c hi. l: aspartame, saccharin, dextrose, maltodextrin, sucralose v. v.. . Hin nay, c hng trm nghin cu lin quan n cc loi ng trn do nhng nh c t hc, nhng ch l nhng nghin cu c lp khng do FDA thc hin. Hin nay ti VN ch c cc cht to ngt manitol, acesulfam K, aspartam, isomalt, saccharin (v Na, K, Ca ca n), sorbitol v sir sorbitol, sucraloza c B Y t cho php s dng trong ch bin thc phm vi gii hn ti a v c qui nh r rng. Cc cht to ngt ny c dng trong sn xut, ch bin thc ung v cc thc phm c nng lng thp. T nm 1969, nhiu cng trnh nghin cu cho bit sodium cyclamate dng lu di c th tch ly trong c th v gy ung th gan, ung th phi, d dng bo thai, nh hng n yu t di truyn... (trn sc vt th nghim). Hn na cc cht chuyn ha ca cyclamate nh mono v di cyclohexylamin cn c hi hn c cyclamate (ch cn 0,7% c tc dng kch thch v gy ung th cho chut). T nhng nguy c gy bnh khi s dng lu di, hin nhiu nc trn th gii (trong c VN) khng cho php s dng cyclamate lm ph gia thc phm.

V ngay c nhng loi c php s dng cng rt cn c qun l v hng dn dng trn nguyn tc m bo an ton khi s dng, v nu dng qu liu (i vi loi c php s dng) cng c th gy nguy him n sc khe. Hoahocngaynay.com