LI CM N

[ \

Em xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c khoa Cng Ngh

to iu kin hc tp v truyn t kin thc em c th thc
hin ti ny.
t bit em xin by t lng bit n su sc n thy hng
dn: T.s. Lng Vinh Quc Danh tn tnh hng dn trong
thi gian va qua.
Trong mt thi gian ngn thc hin ti, mc d rt c
gng nhng khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st, em rt mong
nhng li gp v ch dn thm ca thy c c th hiu bit
thm v hon thin ti hn.

TP.CT.Ngy 15 thng 04 nm 2009

Nhm SVTH : Nguyn Vn Ni
Lm Hng Li

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MC LC
[ \
Trang

CHNG I: TNG QUAN V CC LINH KIN S DNG

TRONG TI
I. IC 555 ......................................................................................................8
I.1. Hnh nh thc t..........................................................................8
I.2 S khi.....................................................................................8
I.3 S chn v chc nng tng chn .........................................8
II. IC 4060 .................................................................................................10
II.1 Hnh nh thc t........................................................................10
II.2 S khi..................................................................................10
II.3 Dng tn hiu ng vo v ng ra ..............................................10
II.4 S chn v chc nng tng chn ......................................11
III. CM BIN HNG NGOI...................................................................11
III.1 Gii thiu mt s cm bin hng ngoi .................................11
III.2 Modul cm bin chuyn ng .................................................13
IV. RLE ..................................................................................................13
IV.1 Hnh nh thc t ......................................................................13
IV.2 S chn v chc nng tng chn ....................................13
V. IC 7809.................................................................................................14
V.1 Hnh nh thc t .......................................................................14
V.2 S khi .................................................................................14
V.3 S chn v chc nng tng chn......................................14

CHNG II: THIT K V THC HIN

I. GII THIU TNG QUT.....................................................................15
I.1 Mc dch v yu cu thit k ....................................................15
I.2 Gii thch chc nng cc khi trong s ..............................15
I.2.1 Khi to ngun DC 9V .......................................................15
I.2.2 Khi d ngng v to tn hiu iu khing.......................16
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I.2.3 Khi bt n.......................................................................18

I.2.4 Modul cm bin chuyn ng ...........................................19
II. S KHI CA MCH T NG BT N .................................19
III. S CHI TIT CA MCH T NG BT N ..........................20

CHNG III: NG DNG V TNG KT

I. NG DNG...........................................................................................21
II. TNG KT ...........................................................................................22
III. TI LIU THAM KHO .......................................................................22

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Nin Lun 1

LI M U
[ \

Trong nhng thp nin gn y, cc thit b in t c

ng dng rng ri khp ni trn th gii. S pht trin v a dng
ca ngnh ny v ang khng ngng bin i. in t l mt
ngnh k thut tinh vi. N l mt phng tin dng nh khng
th thiu trong mi lnh vc nh: vin thng, y khoa, cc phng
th nghim, nghin cu, cc khu cng nghip., vv.. N dm bo
hiu sut cng vic v tin cy cao tha mn cho ngi s dng.
in t l mt ngnh m tn vn ng t trn c s dng
in v in p. T nhng linh kin nh v n gin ta c th to
ra nhng thit b tht s hu dng trong cuc sng hng ngy.
Nhng thit b ny gip gii phng sc lao ng v gp phn cho
cuc sng tin nghi hn.
ti: Mch t ng bt n khi c ngi n gn c
thc hin da trn nhng mc nh thit thc nh trn. Thit b
ny s pht hin c ngi v t ng bt n chiu sng. N c
ng dng bt n cu thang, hnh lang, chng trm vv..

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GVHD: T.s. Lng Vinh Quc Danh

Nin Lun 1

BNG NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

Gio vin hng dn: T.s. Lng Vinh Quc Danh
Nhm SVTH:
Nguyn Vn Ni MSSV: 1050953
Lm Hng Li
MSSV: 1063808
Tn ti: Mch t ng bt n khi c ngi n gn

BNG NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------TP. CT. Ngy thng .nm 2009

GIO VIN HNG DN

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GVHD: T.s. Lng Vinh Quc Danh

Nin Lun 1

CHNG I: TNG QUAN V CC LINH KIN S DNG

TRONG TI

I. IC 555
I.1 hnh nh thc t

H.1.1

I.2 S khi

H.1.2

I.3 S chn v chc nng tng chn

H.1.3

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H.1.4

Chn 1 (GND): Ni t Ground, in th cung cp l m.

Chn 2 (TRICGER): Chn khi hnh, l ng vo ci l nguyn nhn lm cho
ng ra cao hay bt u chu k nh thi. Chn khi hnh xut hin khi in th vo t
2/3 in p cung cp n mt in p thp hn 1/3 ca ngun cung cp. Dng ng vao
chn ny khong 0,5 A .
Chn 3 (OUTPUT): Ng ra, ln mc cao khi mt chu k nh thi bt u sau
tr li mc thp gn 0 cui chu k. Dng ti a ca ng ra vo khong 200mA.
Chn 4 (RESET): Chn khi ng li. Mt mc logic thp trn chn ny s khi
ng li thi gian v a ng ra v trng thi thp. N thng c ni vi ngun
dng nu khng c s dng.
Chn 5 (CONTROL): Chn iu khing. Chn ny cho php thay i in p
khi hnh v in p ngng bng cch cung cp mt in p ngoi. Ng vo ny c
th c s dng thay i tn s hay iu chnh tn s ng ra. Nu khng s dng ta
nn t mt t in nh xung mass trnh nhiu sai.
Chn 6 (THRESHOLD): Chn ngng ca. Chn ny khi ng li cht ca v
lm ng ra tr v trng thi thp khi in p trn cht di chuyn t
Chn 7 (DICCHARGE): ng ra ph. Mc logic nh chn 3.
Chn 8 (VCC) : Chn cho ngun + vo cung cp cho IC 555. Ngun p ti thiu
cung cp l 4,5V n 16V.

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Nin Lun 1

II. IC 4060
II.1 Hnh nh thc t

H.1.5

II.2 S khi

H.1.6

II.3 Dng tn hiu ng vo v ng ra

H.1.7

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II.4 S chn v chc nng tng chn

H.1.8

Chn 1, 2, 3, 7, 5, 4, 6, 14, 13, 15: Cc chn ng ra ca IC m vi tn s c

chia tng ng cho 2n (n = 4 n 14) so vi ng vo.
Chn 8: GND, ni t.
Chn 9: T kt ni bn ngoi.
Chn 10: in tr kt ni bn ngoi.
Chn 11: Xung ng h ng vo, b giao ng.
Chn 12 : Chn reset chnh.
Chn 16: VCC, chn cung cp in p ngun dng IC 4060.
III. CM BIN HNG NGOI
III.1 Gii thiu mt s cm bin hng ngoi
III.1.1 CNY 70

H.1.9
H.1.10

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H.1.11

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- Cu trc v tnh nng: L loi opto cm bin hng ngoi kiu phn x. Bn
trong cm bin gm mt led pht hng ngoi ra pha trc v mt transitor hng ngoi
thu sng hng ngoi phn x tng ng khi c vt cn pha trc. CNY70 c 4
chn, nh trn hnh (1.11) dng tt trong cm bin pht hin vt cn.
III.1.2 PIR 325

H.1.12

H.1.13

- S khi:

H.1.14

- Cu trc v tnh nng: L loi cm bin hng ngoi nhy vi bc sng ca

ngi v nhng bc sng gn bng n.

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III.2 Modul cm bin chuyn ng

H.1.15

- Cm bin chuyn ng bng cch ghi nhn cc thay i giao thoa ca cc bc

x hng ngoi. Thit b c ng gi thnh module n gin, d s dng, hiu qu
trong vic pht hin v cnh bo i tng xm nhp.
- Ng ra: mc cao: c i tng chuyn ng
mc thp: khng c i tng chuyn ng.

IV. RLE
IV.1 Hnh nh thc t

H.1.16

IV.2 S chn v chc nng tng chn

H.1.1

- Tnh nng hot ng: Khi c in th khong 5 -6V cp vao hai u chn 1, 2
th dng in qua cun dy lm r le bt.

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Nin Lun 1

V. IC 7809
V.1 Hnh nh thc t

H.1.18

V.2 S khi

H.1.19

V.3 S chn v chc nng tng chn

H.1.20

- IC LM 7809 gm co 3 chn, chn 1 l ngun u vo, chn 2 mass, chn 3 l

ng ra c gi mc n p +9V. IC hot ng tt th ng vo phi >= +12V.

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CHNG II: THIT K V THC HIN

I. GII THIU TNG QUT

I.1 Mc dch v yu cu thit k
- Mch t ng bt n nhm mc ch dng pht hin c ngi i n v
bt n chiu sng ng lc sau tt n mt cch t ng. Ty theo tng trng hp
ng dng c th m c th iu chnh nhy ca mch, thi gian m n mi khi c
ngi qua.
T nhng mc ch trn dn n nhng yu cu sau:
- Mch hot ng v m hoc ni cn chiu sng.
- Khi c nhiu ngi i qua th n vn sng lin tc v tt khi ngi sau cng
i qua.
- iu chnh trc c thi gian n sng.
I.2 Gii thch chc nng cc khi trong s
I.2.1 Khi to ngun DC 9V
D11

D12

DIODE

DIODE

D13

D14

DIODE

DIODE

VIN

VOUT

12Vac

GND

LM7809

C9
1000u

C8
1000u

H.2.1
9V

- T bin th ta c ngun 12Vac. Sau i thnh mt chiu thng qua cu

diode nhng bin khng c n nh. n nh ngun ta dung IC n nh ngun
LM 7809. Cc t c in dung ln mc t chn 1, 2 xung mass co tc dng gi mc
in p c n nh hn.
- Dng tn hiu trc v sau khi qua mch nh sau:

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9V

t
H.2.2

I.2.2 Khi d ngng v to tn hiu iu khing

9v

C11
1000u

OUT

C10

GND

out

H.2.3

TRG

CV

xung am

Q2
C828

THR
LM555

in

DSCHG

RST

U7
R10
100

VCC

R11
R

R12
50k

10n

- Tn hiu t cm bin c d ngng qua chn 2 ca IC 555. Trc khi a

vo chn 2 c o li sau khi qua Transitor Q2 v c nng ln mc cao trc khi
vo IC 555. C th nh sau:
- Lc cha c tn hiu(trng thi thng trc) t cm bin Transitor Q2 ngng
dn in th cp vo chn 2 l mc cao. Xung kch l xung m c a vo chn 2

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Nin Lun 1

a chn ny v mc 0. Khi mch t trng thi thng trc chn ng ra(chn 3) gi

nguyn mc 0.
- Khi mch nhn mt xung kch m vo chn s 2, mch s tm thi chuyn qua
trng thi cn bng khng bn. Trong trng thi ny t C11 np in qua R12 cho n
khi hiu in th hai u t t

2
VCC. Lc mch s tr v trng thi cn bng bn.
3

T C s phng in nhanh chng qua transitor T trong IC(Chn 7). dng phng
in ca t C11 qua chn 7 khng qu ln ngi ta mc mt in tr hn dng vo
chn s 7 ca IC 555. T C cn mt thi gian nht nh phng ht in tch m n
np. Thi gian cn thit gi l thi gian hi phc. rng ca xung vung sinh
ra chn 3 ch nghim ng khi xung kch thch k tip nm ngoi thi gian hi phc
ca mch.
- Bng trng thi hot ng:
Tri
Thr S
2
7, 6
Thng trc
1
0
0
Xung(-) vo
0
0
1
Dt xung(-) vo
1
0
0
2
VCC
3
2
VC < VCC
3
Thng trc
VC >

0
0

1
0

Out
3
0
1
1

Tran
T
BH
Ngng
Ngng

T C
Vc =0
Np, VC
Np, VC

BH

Phng, VC

BH

VC 0

BH

VC = 0

Tn hiu sinh ra c dng nh hnh H.2.4:

VCC

t
C np

VCC
2
VCC
3

C phng
t
tX

thp

tX: rng xung, thp: thi gian hi phc

H.2.4
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- rng xung sinh ra c tnh bng thi gian t C11 np in qua R12 VC
tng ln t 0 n VCC.

- Nu di gc thi gian ln thi im kch xung m vo mch, ta c phng trnh np

in ca t l:
t

1 e

V C = V CC

2
V
3
t

CC

t = T

RC

2
V
3

CC

= 1 e

1
3
= ln 3

= 1 , 1 . RC

CC

- Ta chn t C11=100 c nh v R12 l bin tr 50K iu chnh thi gian

tn ti xung ng ra.
I.2.3 Khi bt n
Vcc-9v
AC 220V
LS2
D11
DIODE
R18
tin hieu

Q2
C828

1
2

5
4

RELAY SPDT 6V

1k

H.2.5

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- Do phn n hot ng cng sut nn dong ln v phi cch ly vi mch to

xung iu khing. Trong ti ny dung Relay 6V( hinh H2.5). Khi c xung xung
dng vo Transitor dn kch Relay bt mch cng sut kn n sang. Ht xung Relay
m lam n tt. Diode mc ln ngun nhm mc dich bo v Relay.
I.2.4 Modul cm bin chuyn ng

H.2.6

- c thit k sn. Tnh nng:

Bn knh hot ng: 7m.
Gc nhn: 140o.
in th: 4V-50V.
- Gm 3 chn(hnh H.2.6), Khi pht hin chuyn ng thi ng ra ln mc
khong +5V(chn mu vng), dng khong 50mA. in th cung cp cho Modul ny
khong t +5V dc n + 50V dc ni vo chn mu . Chn mu en ni t.

II. S KHI CA MCH T NG BT N

CM BIN

KHUCH I
KHUCH I
DNG

NGUN +9V
D NGNG

TO XUNG

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III. S CHI TIT CA MCH T NG BT N

V2

12Vac
0Vdc

DIODE

D20

D21

DIODE

DIODE

U8
GND

VIN

VOUT

RELAY SPDT 6v

LAMP

DIODE
R25
10k

7
6

THR

TRG

33kk

GND

C8

U2
9
C14
100n

10n

10
R19 100k

OSC

Q8

C17
1n

CLK
4060

Q3
C828

Q5

Q7
11

15kk

D12
5

R21
470

14

R11
470 LED
D14

R12
470

OSC

22k
R10
R22

C13
10u

R20
1M

DIODE

C12
1000u

R24

D16
3

LM555 OUT

25kk

DSCHG

VCC

R14
R

RST

U7

C10
100u

Q4
C828

R26
R

CV

C11
100u

1
2

D26

V4

0Vdc

16

DIODE

220Vac
LS3

VCC

D19

GND

D18

Q6

D13
LED

D15
LED

4
470

LED

H.2.7

- Khi cm bin pht hin s to xung dng kch IC 555. Ng ra cua IC

555(chn 3) s ln mc cao iu khing m n. Khi qua IC 555 th xung tn hiu
c ko gin rng thm mt khong thi gian (trn hnh H.2.7 l 1.1xR25xC12).
Khong thi gian ny ch nghim ng khi xung kch thch tip theo vo thi im
mch tr li trng thi bn. Trng hp bt n ng dng thng thng th khng
cn thi gian chnh xc. Mch nh trn hnh(H.2.7) l thc hin c chc nng bt
n t ng nh cp.

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CHNG III: NG DNG V TNG KT

I. NG DNG
- Lp n bt tt t ng cu thang, ca ra vo, hnh lang, ..vvv.. Mc ch
nhm tin nghi v tit kim in nng, ch bt n khi cn thit.
- Chng trm, pht hin v cnh k t nhp.
- Pht hin vt cn pha trc
II. TNG KT
II.1 Hng pht trin ca ti
- Cm bin hng ngoi khng ch n thun dng bt n t ng m cn c
s dng trong nhiu trng hp khc nh cnh bo chng ngi vt pha trc khi xe
di chuyn, cm bin d tm.
II.2 Li kt
Mch gm 3 phn:
Phn cm bin pht hin c th dng(cc loi cm bin hng ngoi):
+ Loi cm bin thu sng hng ngoi trc tip t i tng pht ra
pht hin i tng.
+ Loi cm bin phn x gm hai phn thu pht cch ly, chiu chm tia
vo i tng v phn thu s thu sng phn x pht hin i tng.
+ Cm bin gm hai phn thu pht c t i din nhau, phn pht
pht lin tc chiu vo phn thu. Loi ny pht hin i tng khi chum tia chiu vo
phn thu b che khut.
Phn d ngng to xung iu khing c th
Phn iu khing n th phi cch ly vi phn cng sut n. Dng Relay hoc
opto.
Mch c th kt hp vi mc ch chng trm.
Trong qu trnh lm mch th cn ch ti cc linh kin c bit l cc linh kin
c nguy him cao. Chng hn nh phn cng sut v d khng phi l phn quan
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trng. Rle trong lc ng ngt th to ra tia la in s nh hng rt n mch v

c th gy nhiu cho mch.
III. TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] Th.s. Lng Vn Sn K.s. Nguyn Khc Nguyn. K thut xung.
Chng 2 v 6. i hc Cn Th, 2003.
[2] K.s. Trng Vn Tm. Mch in T. Chng 2. i hc Cn Th,
2003.
[3] Http://www.alldatasheet.com
[4] Http://www.dientuvietnam.net

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