Chuyn : H PHNG TRNH I S

NHNG NI DUNG C BN
I. H phng trnh i xng loi 1:
Phn 1- nh ngha chung: Da vo l thuyt a thc i xng.
Phng trnh n n x1 , x2 , ..., xn gi l i xng vi n n nu thay xi bi xj ; xj bi xi th phng trnh
khng thay i.
Khi phng trnh lun c biu din di dng:
x1 + x2 + ... + xn
x1 x2 + x1 x3 + ... + x1 xn + x2 x1 + x2 x3 + ... + xn-1 xn
...............................
x1 x2 ... xn
H phng trnh i xng loi mt l h m trong gm cc phng trnh i xng.
gii c h phng trnh i xng loi 1 ta phi dng nh l Vit.
* Nu a thc F(x) = a 0 xn + a 1 xn 1 +... a n , a 0 0, a i P c nhgim trn P l c1 , ..., cn th:
c1
c1c2

c2

...
c1c3

cn

a1
a0

...

c1cn

c2 c1

c2 c3

...

cn-1cn

a2
a0

(nh l Vit tng qut)

...............................
an
a0
Phn 2 H phng trnh i xng loi 1 hai n:
A. L THUUYT
1. nh l Vit cho phng trnh bc 2:
Nu phng trnh bc hai ax2 + bx + c = 0 c hai nghim x1 , x2 th:
b
S x1 x2
a
c
P x1 .x2
a
x x S
Ngc li, nu 2 s x 1 , x 2 c 1 2
th x1 , x2 l nghm ca phng trnh X2
x1 .x2 P
2. nh ngha:
f ( x, y ) 0
f ( x, y ) f ( y , x )
c1c1 ... cn

( 1) n .

g ( x, y )

, trong

g ( x, y )

SX + P = 0.

g ( y, x)

3.Cch gii:
Bc 1: t iu kin (nu c).
Bc 2: t S = x + y, P = xy vi iu kin ca S, P v S 2 4P .
Bc 3: Thay x, y bi S, P vo h phng trnh. Gii h tm S, P ri dng Vit o tm x, y.
Ch :
+ Cn nh: x2 + y2 = S 2 2P, x3 + y3 = S 3 3SP.
+ i khi ta phi t n ph u = u(x), v = v(x) v S = u + v, P = uv.
+ C nhng h phng trnh tr thnh i xng loi 1 sau khi t n ph.
4. Bi tp:
Loi 1: Gii h phng trnh
x 2 y xy 2 30
V d 1. Gii h phng trnh
.
x3 y 3 35
Chuyn : H phng trnh i s

t S

GII
4P . H phng trnh tr thnh:

xy , iu kin S

P = 30
SP = 30
S = 5
x + y = 5
x = 2 x = 3

90
S(S2 - 3P) = 35

P = 6
xy = 6
y = 3 y = 2
2

S
S
=
35

S

x

y, P

V d 2. Gii h phng trnh

xy( x
x3

y)
y3

2
2

GII
t t
4P H phng trnh
y, S x t , P xt , iu kin S
xt(x + t) = 2
SP = 2
S = 2
3

3
3
x + t = 2
S - 3SP = 2
P = 1

1 1
x y
4
x y
V d 3. Gii h phng trnh
.
1
1
2
2
x
y
4
x2 y 2
GII
iu kin x 0, y 0 .
2

tr thnh:
x = 1

t = 1

x = 1
.

y = - 1

1
1

+ y +
= 4
x +

x
y

H phng trnh tng ng vi:

2
2

1
y + 1
+
= 8

x +

x
y

1
1
1
1 2
t S = x +
+ y +
, P = x +
y +
, S 4P ta c:

x
y
x
y

1

+
y + 1
x + 1 = 2
= 4

x +

x = 1
S = 4
S = 4

x
y
x


.


2
1

y = 1
S - 2P = 8
P = 4

1
1

y
+
=
2
x
+
y
+
=
4

y
x
y

V d 4. Gii h phng trnh

x2

y2

2 xy

8 2 (1)

(2)

GII
iu kin x, y

0 . t t

xy

0 , ta c:
xy = t 2 v (2) x + y = 16 - 2t .

Th vo (1), ta c:
t 2 - 32t + 128 = 8 - t t = 4

Suy ra:
xy = 16
x = 4

.

x + y = 8
y = 4

Loi 2: iu kin tham s h i xng loi (kiu) 1 c nghim

Phng php gii chung:
+ Bc 1: t iu kin (nu c).
+ Bc 2: t S = x + y, P = xy vi iu kin ca S, P v S 2 4P (*).
Chuyn : H phng trnh i s

+ Bc 3: Thay x, y bi S, P vo h phng trnh. Gii h tm S, P theo m ri t iu kin (*) tm m.

Ch :
Khi ta t n ph u = u(x), v = v(x) v S = u + v, P = uv th nh tm chnh xc iu kin ca u, v.
V d 1 (trch thi H khi D 2004). Tm iu kin m h phng trnh sau c nghim thc:
x

x x

y y 1 3m
GII

iu kin x, y

t S =

0 ta c:
x + y = 1

x x + y y = 1 - 3m

x + y 0, P = xy 0 , S2 4P.
S = 1
3
S - 3SP = 1

T iu kin S 0, P 0, S2 4P ta c 0 m
V d 2. Tm iu kin m h phng trnh

x + y = 1

( x) 3 + ( y) 3 = 1 - 3m

H phng trnh tr thnh:

S = 1

.
P = m
3m

1
.
4
xy

c nghim thc.
x2 y xy 2 3m 9
GII
x + y + xy = m
(x + y) + xy = m

.
2
2
x y + xy = 3m - 9
xy(x + y) = 3m - 9

S + P = m
t S = x + y, P = xy, S2 4P. H phng trnh tr thnh:
.
SP = 3m - 9

Suy ra S v P l nghim ca phng trnh t 2 - mt + 3m - 9 = 0

S = 3
S = m - 3


.
P = m - 3 P = 3

32 4(m - 3)
21
m
m 3 + 2 3.
T iu kin ta suy ra h c nghim
2
4
(m - 3) 12
x 4
y 1 4
V d 3. Tm iu kin m h phng trnh
c nghim.
x y 3m
GII
t u =

x - 4 0, v =

y - 1 0 h tr thnh:

u + v = 4

u + v = 4

.
2
2
u + v = 3m - 5
uv = 21 - 3m

2
21 - 3m
= 0 (*).
Suy ra u, v l nghim (khng m) ca t 2 - 4t +
2
H c nghim (*) c 2 nghim khng m.
D / 0
3m - 13

13
2
S 0

m 7.

21 - 3m
3
0
P 0

2
Chuyn : H phng trnh i s

x2 y 2 4 x 4 y 10
c nghim thc.
xy( x 4)( y 4) m
GII
(x 2 + 4x) + (y 2 + 4y) = 10
x 2 + y 2 + 4x + 4y = 10

.
2
xy(x + 4)(y + 4) = m
(x + 4x)(y 2 + 4y) = m

t u = (x + 2)2 0, v = (y + 2)2 0 . H phng trnh tr thnh:

u + v = 10
S = 10
(S = u + v, P = uv).

uv - 4(u + v) = m - 16
P = m + 24

S2 4P

iu kin S 0 - 24 m 1 .

P 0

Loi 3: Mt s bi ton gii bng cch a v h phng trnh.

3
V d. Gii phng trnh: 3 x 3 1 x
.
2
GII

V d 4. Tm iu kin m h phng trnh

t:

1 x

. Vy ta c h:
v

3
2

u3

v3

u
(u

3
2
19
u.v =
36

3
2

u+v =

v) 2

v) (u

3uv

3
19
u, v l hai nghim ca phng trnh: X 2 - X +
=0
2
36

Vy phng trnh c hai nghim: {x} =

9+ 5
x=
12

9+ 5
u=
12
9- 5
u=
12

9- 5
x=
12
3

12

5
12

B. BI TP
I. Gii cc h phng trnh sau:
1)

4)

x4

y4

1
1

x2

y2

1
x

7)
x2

y2

2)

x2

y2

x y

5
2

2 xy

1
y
1
x2

8 2

8)
4

3)

13

x
x y
y 18
5)
xy( x 1)( y 1) 72

4
1
y2

x
y
x xy

y
x
y xy

x y

y x

30

x x

y y

35

y 1

x2

y2

y 4

1
xy

6)

x y

9)

x2

y2

x3

5
1
x y2

49

y3

280

78

Chuyn : H phng trnh i s

10)

x6

y6

x 3x y 3 3 y
II. Gi h phng trnh c tham s:
1. . Tm gi tr ca m:

a)
b)

c)

2.

5 x

4 xy

xy 1 m

xy

m 2

xy 2

m 1

x2 y
x

x2

y2

c nghim.
c nghim duy nht.
c ng hai nghim.

2 m 1

xy

(1II)
x
y m
a. Gii h phng trnh khi m = 5.
b. Tm cc gi tr ca m h phng trnh cho c nghim.
x xy y m
3.
(7I)
x 2 y xy 2 3m 8
a Gii h phng trnh khi m = 7/2.
b. Tm cc gi tr ca m h phng trnh cho c nghim.
x xy y m 1
4.
(40II)
x 2 y xy 2 m
a. Gii h phng trnh khi m=2.
b. Tm cc gi tr ca m h phng trnh cho c nghim (x;y) vi x >0, y >0.
III. Gii phng trnh bng cch a v h phng trnh:
1. Gii phng trnh: 4 x 1 4 18 x 3 .
2. Tm m mi phng trnh sau c nghim:
1 x m
m x m
a. 1 x
b. m x
c. 3 1 x 3 1 x
Phn 3 H phng trnh i xng loi 1 ba n: (c thm)
2

a. nh ngha: L h ba n vi cc ph-ng trnh trong h l i xng.

b. nh l Vi-et cho ph-ng trnh bc 3:
x+y+z=
Cho 3 s x, y, z c:

xy + yz + zx =

xyz =
Th x, y, z ; nghim ca ph-ng trnh X3 - X2 + X - = 0.
(*)
Thy vy:
(X - x)(X - y)(X - z) = 0
[ X2 - (x + y)X + xy ](X - z) = 0
X3 - X2 z - X2 (x + y) + (x + y)zX + xyX - xyz = 0
X3 - X2 + X - = 0.
(*) c nghim l x, y, z
ph-ng trnh X3 - X2 + X - = 0 c 3 nghim l x, y, z.
c.Cch gii:
+ Do cc ph-ng trnh trong h l i xng nn ta lun vit -c d-i dng , ,

Chuyn : H phng trnh i s

x+y+z=
Khi ta t

xy + yz + zx =

xyz =
Ta -c h ca , , .
+ Gii ph-ng trnh X3 - X2 + X - = 0 (1) tm -c nghim (x, y, z) ca h.
Ch : (1) c nghim duy nht
h v nghim.
(1) c 1 nghim kp duy nht h c nghim.
(1) c 2 nghim : 1 nghim kp, 1 nghim n
h c 3 nghim.
(1) c 3 ngim
h c 6 nghim.
d. Bi tp:
x+y+z=2
VD1: Gii h:

x 2 + y2 + z2 = 6

x 3 + y3 + z 3 = 8
Gii: p dng hng ng thc ta c:
x2 + y2 + z2 = (x + y + z)2 - 2(xy + yz + zx).
x3 + y3 + z3 = (x + y + z)3 - 3(x + y + z)(xy + yz + zx) + 3xyz.
Vy 6 = 22 - 2(xy + yz + zx) xy + yz + zx = -1.
8 = 23 - 3.2.(-1) + 3xyz
xyz = -2.
t=1

x, y, z l nghim ca ph-ng trnh:t3 - 2t2 - t + 2 = 0

t=-1

t=2
Vy h c 6 cp nghim (1;-1;2); (-1;1;2); (1;2;-1); (-1;2;1); (2;1;-1); (2;-1;1).
x+y+z=9
VD2: Gii h xy + yz + zx = 27
1
1
1
+
+ =1
x
y
z

Gii: K: x, y, z 0. T (3)
Do (2)

(1)
(2)
(3)

xy + yz + zx
=1
xyz

xyz = 27
x+y+z=9

xy + yz + zx = 27
xyz = 27
Do (x; y; z) l nghim ca ph-ng trnh: X3 - 9X2 + 27X - 27 = 0
(X - 3)3 = 0
X = 3.
Vy h c nghim l (3; 3; 3).
x+y+z=a
Vy h

VD3: Gii h

x 2 + y2 + z 2 = a 2
x 3 + y3 + z 3 = a 3

Gii: x2 + y2 + z2 = (x + y + z)2 - 2(xy + yz + zx)

xy + yz + zx = 0.

Chuyn : H phng trnh i s

x3 + y3 + z3 = (x + y + z)3 - 3(x + y + z)(xy + yz + zx) + 3xyz

x+y+z=0
Vy c:

xyz = 0.

xy + yz + zx = 0
xyz 0

(x; y; z) l nghim ca ph-ng trnh: X3 - aX2 = 0

X=0
X=a

Vy h c nghim l {(a; 0; 0); (0; a; 0); (0; 0; a)}

e.Ch : C nhiu vn cn l-u khi gii h loi ny
+ Vi cch gii theo nh l Vi-et t h ta phi -a ra -c x + y + z; xy + yz + zx; xyz c th n
l h qu ca h nn khi tm -c nghim nn th li.
+ V l h i xng gia cc n nn trong nghim c t nht 2 cp nghim c cng x, cng y hoc
cng z nn c th gii h theo ph-ng trnh cng, th.
x+y+z=9
(1)
VD:
xy + yz + zx = 27
(2)
1
1
1
+
+ =1
(3)
x
y
z
Gii: R rng x = 0, y = 0, z = 0 khng l nghim ca h
Vi x 0, y 0, z 0, nhn hai v ca (3) vi xyz ta c xy + yz + zx = xyz
T (2) v (4) xyz = 27
T (2)
x2 (y + z) + xyz = 27x
T (1), (5), (6) ta c: x2 (9 - x) + 27 - 27x = 0
x3 - 9x2 + 27x - 27 = 0
(x - 3)3 = 0
x=3
y + z =6
Thay x = 3 vo (1), (5) ta c:
y = z = 3.
yz = 9
Vy h c nghim l x = y = z = 3.

(4).
(5)
(6)

II. H phng trnh i xng loi 2:

1. H phng trnh i xng loi 2 hai n:
A. nh gha:
f ( x, y)

0 1

f ( y , x) 0 2
Cch gii: Ly (1) (2) hoc (2) (1) ta c: (x y)g(x,y)=0. Khi x y=0 hoc g(x,y)=0.
+ Trng hp 1: x y=0 kt hp vi phng trnh (1) hoc (2) suy ra c nghim.
+ Trng hp 2: g(x,y)=0 kt hp vi phng trnh (1) + (2) suy ra nghim (trong trng hp ny h
phng trnh mi tr v h i xng loi 1) v thng thng v nghim.
B. Cc v d:
x3 3x 8 y 1
V d 1: Gii h phng trnh
(I)
y3 3 y 8x 2

GII
Ly (1)

(2) ta c: (x - y)(x + xy + y + 5) = 0

Chuyn : H phng trnh i s

Trng hp 1: (I)

x 3 = 3x + 8y

x 3 - 11x = 0

x=y

x=y

Trng hp 2: (I)

x=0
x = 11 .
x=y

x +xy+y +5=0

(h ny v nghim)

x 3 +y3 =11 x+y

Vy h phng trnh cho c tp nghim:

(x, y) = (0,0); ( 11, 11); (- 11,- 11)

V d 2: Gii h phng trnh

y 1 1

x 1 1

GII
t: x - 1 = u
4

0; 4 y - 1 = v 0

H phng trnh tr thnh

u4 + 1 + v = 1

u4 + v = 0

u=0

v4 + 1 + u = 1

v4 + u = 0

v=0

(Do u, v 0)

x=1
.
y=1

Vy h c nghim (1,1)
x

V d 2: Cho h phng trnh

y2

(I)

y x
x m
a. Tm m h phng trnh c nghim.
b. Tm m h phng trnh c nghim duy nht.

Gii (I)

x - y = y2 - y - x 2 + x

x=y

x = y2 - y + m

x = y2 - y + m

x=y

x=y
2

x=y -y+m

x 2 - 2x + m = 0

x=-y

x=-y

y2 + m = 0

x=y -y+m
a) H phng trnh c nghim

'

'

1-m 0
-m 0

m
m

1
0

m 0

'

x = 0

b) H phng trnh c nghim duy nht

'

1-m=0
-m<0

'

1-m<0

'

-m=0

y < 0
x < 0
y = 0

m = 1.

Vy m = 1.

V d 3: Gii phng trnh: x3 1 2 3 2 x 1 .

GII
t

2x - 1 = t
Ta c h

2x - 1 = t .
x 3 + 1 = 2t

x 3 + 1 = 2t

t 3 + 1 = 2x

(x - t)(x 2 + xt + t 2 + 1) = 0
Chuyn : H phng trnh i s

x 3 - 2x + 1 = 0
x=t
8

x=1

(x - 1)(x 2 + x - 1) = 0
x=t

x=
-1 5
.
2

Vy phng trnh c 3 nghim: 1;

C. Bi tp:
1.Gii cc h phng trnh sau:
1 3
2x
2x
y x
a.
b.
1 3
2y
2y
x y
d.

y 9

x 9

e.

2. Cho h phng trnh

3
x2
3
y2

y
x

c.

(x

y ) 2m

y2

(x

y ) 2m

x3

1 2y

1 2x

x2

-1 5
2

g.

x 5

y 2

y 5

x 2

a. Gii h vi m = 0.
b. Tm m h c nghim duy nht.
3. Tm m h:

x3

y2

7 x2

mx

y3

x2

7 y2

my

a. x 2
b. x3

4. Gii cc phng trnh:

c nghim duy nht.

x 5
3 3 3x

5.
2

2.

2. H ph-ng trnh i xng loi 2, 3 n: ( c thm)

A. Dng ch yu l ph-ng php bin i t-ng -ng bng php cng v th. Ngoi ra s dng
s c bit trong h bng cch nh gi nghim, hm s gii.
B. V d:
x 2 + 2yz = x (1)
Gii h y2 + 2zx = y

(2)

z 2 + 2xy = z

(3)

Gi bng cch cng (1), (2), (3) v ly (1) tr i (2) ta c h cho t-ng -ng vi h
x 2 + 2yz = x

(x + y + z)2 = x + y + z
(x - y)(x + y - 2z - 1) = 0
H ny -ng t-ng vi 4 h sau:
x 2 + 2yz = x

x+y+z=0
x =y
x 2 + 2yz = x
x+y+z=1
x =y

(I)

(III)

x 2 + 2yz = x
x+y+z=0
x + y - 2z - 1 = 0
x 2 + 2yz = x
x+y+z=1
x + y - 2z - 1 = 0

(II)

(IV)

Chuyn : H phng trnh i s

Gii (I):

(I)

x 2 + 2yz = x
2y + z = 0
x=y

x 2 + 2yz = x
z = - 2x
x=y

x=0

x 2 - 4x 2 = x
z = - 2x
x=y

x=

-1
3

z = - 2x
x=y

-1 -1 2
; ; )
3 3 3
2 -1 -1 -1 2 -1
Lm t-ng t (II) c nghim ( ; ; );( ; ; )
3 3 3
3 3 3
1 1 1
H (III) c nghim (0;0;1); ( ; ; )
3 3 3
H (IV) c nghim (0;1;0); (1;0;0).
Vy h cho c 8 nghim k trn.
x 2 + y2 + z = 1

Vy (I) c 2 nghim (0;0;0); (

x + y2 + z 2 = 1

VD2: Gii h ph-ng trnh:

x 2 + y + z2 = 1
Gii: H

x 2 + y2 + z = 1
(y - z)(y + z - 1) = 0
(x - z)(x + z - 1) = 0

x 2 + y2 + z = 1
y=z
(I)

x 2 + y2 + z = 1
y=z

x=z

x+z-1=0

(II)

x 2 + y2 + z = 1
z+y-1=0
(III)

x 2 + y2 + z = 1
z+y-1=0

x=z

x+z-1=0

(IV)

Gii cc h bng ph-ng php th -c 5 nghim (-1;-1;-1); (0;0;1); (0;1;0); (0;0;1);

VD4:

Gii h:

x2

y 1

y2

z 1

z2

x 1

1 1 1
; ; .
2 2 2

Gii: Xt hai tr-ng hp sau:

TH1: Trong 3 s t nht c 2 nghim s bng nhau:
x2 x 1
Gi s x=y c h

y2

z 1

z2

x 1

T c nghim ca h (x;y;z) l :

1
2

5 1
;

5 1
;

5
2

Chuyn : H phng trnh i s

5 1
;

5 1
;

5
2
10

T-ng t y=z, z=x ta cng -c nghim nh- trn.

TH2 : 3 s x, y, z i mt khc nhau .
Gi s x>y>z ,xt hm s f(t) = t2 trn D = 1;
a) z 0 , x>y>z 0 f(x)>f(y)>f(z) y+1>z+1>x+1 y>x>z(v l).
b) z<y<x 0 f(x)<f(y)<f(z) y+1<z+1<x+1 y<z<x(v l).
c) x>0>z>-1 f(-1)>f(z) 1>x+1 x<0 (v l)
Vy iu gi s l sai.
TH2 v nghim.
VD5:

2x x2 y

y2 z

2z z2 x

2y

(V ch c)

Gii:
TH1: Trong x, y, z t nht c 2 nghim s bng nhau
Gi s x = y ta c h
x3 2 x x 0 (1)

x2 z 2x z
2

z x 2z x

0 (2)
0 (3)

T (1)
x = 0, x = -1.
x = 0. Thay vo (2), (3) z=0.
x = -1. Thay vo (2), (3)
v l
Vy h c nghim (0,0,0)
Nu y = z hay x = z cng ch c nghim (0,0,0).
TH2: 3 s i 1 khc nhau.
T 2x + x2 y = y thy nu x2 = 1
2 = 0 (v l)
2x
Vy x2 1
2x + x2 y = y
y
1 x2

2x
1 x2
2y
z
1 y2
2z
x
1 z2
y

Hai ph-ng trnh cn li t-ng t ta c h ph-ng trnh t-ng -ng vi:

Gi s x > y > z (*). Xt hm s:

2t
f(t) =
xc nh trn D = R\ { 1}
1 t2
2(t 2 1)
0 vi mi t D
f(t) =
(1 t 2 ) 2
hm s ng bin trn D
f(x) > f(y) > f(z)
y > z > x mu thun vi (*).
Vy iu gi s sai. Do vai tr x, y, z nh- nhau.
Vy TH2 - h v nghim
Chuyn : H phng trnh i s

11

Vy h cho c nghim duy nht l (0; 0; 0)

C. Bi tp
x y3

y2

z 2

x 2

1.

y
z

z
x

y 2

2. 3 3(3 x 2 4) 2 4

3x 2 4

H-ng dn: t

3y

3x 2 4

-a v gii h z

3y2 4

3z 2 4 .

x 3z 2 4

3.

xyz
yzt

x
y

y z
z t

ztx z t
txy t x

y3

9x2

3
2
4. z 9 y
x3 9 z 2

x
y

27 x 27

27 y

27

27 z

27

III. H phng trnh ng cp:

F x, y
A
1. Dng:
, trong F kx, ky k n F x, y ; G kx, ky
G x, y B
2. Cch gii: t y = tx (x 0) hoc x = ty (y 0).
3. V d:
Gi h phng trnh:

x2

2 xy

3y2

9 *

x2

4 xy

5 y2

2x2
1 x2
2 y2
5.
1 y2
2z2
1 z2

y
z
x

k m G x, y .

GII
+ Vi x = 0: H phng trnh cho v nghim.
+ Vi x 0: t y = tx. H phng trnh tng ng vi
15t2 13t+2=0

Vi t
Vi t

2
1
;t
.
3
5
2
: ta c y
3
1
: ta c y
5

x 2 1 2t

3t 2

9 1

x 2 1 4t

5t 2

5 2

3
x , thay vo (*) ta c nghim (3;2), ( 3;2).
2
5 2 2
1
;
,
x , thay vo (*) ta c nghim
2
2
5

. Ly (1) (2) ta c:

5 2 2
;
.
2
2

4. Bi tp:
Gii cc h phng trnh sau:

Chuyn : H phng trnh i s

12

1)

3x 2

y2

2 xy

11

2)

x 2 2 xy 5 y 2 25
IV. Mt s h phng trnh khc:

6x2

xy

2 y2

5x2

xy

y2

56

2 x3

3)

49

y3

3x 2 y 5
6 xy 2

Tng hp cc kin thc kt hp vi vic suy lun hp l gii.

1.

xy

x2

x 2y

2 y2

HD: Bin i phng trnh xy

2.

).

( x, y

y x 1 2x 2 y

2x y

2 xy

x y
6x

2x 9

x2

2 y2
).

( x, y

( x2

xy ) 2

xy

6x 6
2

x2

HD: Bin i h phng trnh thnh:

x2

x4

y2

x3 y

xy 2

xy

3.

5
4

xy 1 2 x

S: x = 5; y = 2.

(x + y)(x 2y 1) = 0.

2x 9

S: x = 4; y =

x2

5
4.

HD: Bin i h phng trnh thnh:

x

xy x 2
2

xy

5
4

xy

5
4

u x2
v xy

. t:

S:
y

4.

1
x

HD: (1)

5.

log 1 y

1
xy

y 1

log 4

y2

S: 1;1 ,

0.

HD:

y
x

25
16

3.
2

5
2

5
2

5
2

5
2

25

x
y

x 1

1
1
y
.

3y
.
4

HD: Tm cch kh logarit c: x

6.

5
4

1
x

1
1
y
.

y
x3

2y

17
.
4

x
y

S: 3; 4

.
2

x 1

0.

Chuyn : H phng trnh i s

S: 1;1 ,

3 1
;
2 2

13

y2 2
x2
.
x2 2
y2

3y

7.
3x

HD: i xng loi 2.

x 1

8.

3log 9 9 x

S: 1;1

y 1

log 3 y 3

.
3

HD: Tm cch kh logarit c: x

9.

xy

x 1

10.

xy , bnh phng hai v phng trnh th hai tm c t=3.

1
x

x3

HD: t u

y 1 4

HD: t t
x

S: 1;1 , 2; 2 .

y.

1
x3

1
y
y3

1
,v
x

S: 3;3 .

. Tm m h phng trnh ny c nghim thc.

1
y3

15m 10
y

1
, iu kin u
y

2, v

2.

Chuyn : H phng trnh i s

S:

7
4

m 2, m 22 .

14