BAI TAP T LUAN BO SUNG

Bi 1. Cho hp cht XY2 tha mn: - Tng s ht p ca hp cht bng 32. - Hiu s ca X v Y bng 8 ht. - X v Y u c s proton = s ntron trong nguyn t. Xc nh nguyn t X, Y v suy ra hp cht XY2? Bi 2. Khi lng nguyn t ca B bng 10,81. B trong t nhin gm hai ng v 10B v 11B. Hi c bao nhiu phn trm 11B trong axit boric H3BO3. Cho H3BO3 = 61,81. Bi 3. Mt hp cht c cng thc MX3. Tng s ht p, n, e ca MX3 l 196, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60. Khi lng nguyn t ca X ln hn ca M l 8. Tng ba loi ht trong ion X- nhiu hn trong ion M3+ l 16. 1. 2. 3. Xc nh M v X. Vit cu hnh electron ca M v X. Vit phng trnh phn ng to thnh MX3 t cc n cht.

Bi 4. Mt nguyn t kim loi M chim 52,94% v khi lng trong oxit cao nht ca n. a. Xc nh M? b. Cho 20,4g oxit ca M tan hon ton trong 246,6 gam dung dch 17,86% ca hp cht vi hidro v phi kim X thuc nhm VIIA, to thnh dung dch A. Gi tn X? Tnh C% ca dung dch A? Bi 5. Hp cht ion c to bi cc ion M2+ v X2-. Bit rng trong phn t MX tng s ht l 84. S n v s p trong ht nhn nguyn t M v X bng nhau. S khi ca X2- ln hn s khi ca M2+ l 8. a. b. Vit cu hnh electron ca M2+ v X2-. Xc nh v tr ca M v X trong bng HTTH?

Bi 6. Nguyn t nguyn t X c s electron mc nng lng cao nht l 4p5, t s gia s ht khng mang in v s ht mang in l 0,6429. a. Tm s in tch ht nhn, s khi ca X? b. Nguyn t nguyn t R c s n bng 57,143% s p ca X. Khi cho R tc dng vi X th thu c hp cht RX2 c khi lng gp 5 ln khi lng R phn ng. Vit cu hnh e nguyn t ca R v phn ng gia R vi X? Bi 7. Mt hp cht B c to bi mt kim loi ha tr II v mt phi kim ha tr I. Tng s ht trong phn t B l 290. Tng s ht khng mang in l 110. Hiu s ht khng mang in gia phi kim v kim loi l 70. T l s ht mang din ca kim loi so vi phi kim trong B l 2/7. Tm A, Z ca kim loi v phi kim trn? Bi 8. Cho 0,345 gam mt kim loi c ha tr khng i tc dng vi nc thu c 168ml kh H 2 ktc. Tm tn kim loi v v tr ca n trong bng HTTH?

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Bi 9. Ha tan mt oxit kim loi ha tr II bng mt lng va dung dch H2SO4 10% thu c dung dch mui c nng 15,17%. Tm cng thc ca oxit kim loi ? Bi 10. Ha tan 2,84gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi kim th thuc 2 chu k lin tip tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c dung dch A v kh B. C cn dung dch A thu c 3,17g mui khan. a. b. Tnh th tch kh B ktc? Xc nh tn hai kim loi?

Bi 11. Ha tan hon ton 20 gam hn hp hai kim loi kim th A, B thuc hai chu k lin tip vo dung dch HCl d thu c 15,68 lt k ktc. Xc nh tn hai kim loi kim th v thnh phn % v khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp? Bi 12. Ha tan hon ton 14,2g hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A, B lin tip nhau trong nhm IIA bng lng va dung dch H2SO4. Sau phn ng thu c 3,36 lt kh ktc. Xc nh CTPT ca hai mui v % v k.l ca mi mui trong hn hp? Bi 13. Cho 2 gam hn hp hai kim loi hai chu k lin tip v thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 10% ri c cn thu c 8,72 gam hn hp 2 mui khan. a. b. Xc nh 2 kim loi? Tnh khi lng dung dch H2SO4 dng?

Bi 14. A v B l nguyn t hai chu k lin tip v thuc cng 1 phn nhm chnh, B di A. Cho 8gam B tan hon ton trong 242,4g nc thu c 4,48 lt kh H2 ktc v dung dch M. a. b. Xc nh A, B v vit cu hnh e ca hai nguyn t? Tnh C% ca dung dch M?

Bi 15. Y l hidroxit ca nguyn t M thuc nhm IA hoc IIA hoc IIIA. Cho 80g dung dch 50% ca Y phn ng ht vi dung dch HCl ri c cn thu c 5,85 gam mui khan. Xc nh Y? Bi 16. Mt hn hp X gm 2 mui cacbonat kim loi kim A, B thuc hai chu k lin tip trong bng HTTH c tng khi lng l 41,9 gam. Xc nh A, B v s mol ca cacbonat trong hn hp X bit rng khi cho X tc dng vi H2SO4 d v cho kh CO2 to ra phn ng ht vi nc vi trong d ta thu c 3,5g kt ta. Bi 17: a) Mt nguyn t R thuc phn nhm chnh IIIA. Tng s (p, n, e) ca ion dng ca R l 37. Xc nh R v v tr ca R trong bng HTTH. b) C hai nguyn t R v Y c cng chu k v u thuc nhm A. Tng s proton ca R v Y l 28. R v Y to c hp cht vi hidro trong s nguyn t H bng nhau. Khi lng ca nguyn t R nh hn ca Y. Xc nh R v Y. c) Mt hp cht A c to bi ion Y v M3+. Tng s (p, n, e) trong A l 196. Trong A s ht mang in tch nhiu hn s ht khng mang in tch l 60. S ht c in tch trong M t hn s ht c in tch trong Y l 8. Xc nh A. Hon thnh s chuyn ha: A B X M.

Bi 18 : Mt hp cht X c to bi ion M2+ v X. Trong X tng s (p, n, e) l 116, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 40 ht. S khi ca M2+ ln hn s khi ca X l 21. Tng s (p, n, e) ca M2+ gp 2 ln ca X. Xc nh cng thc ca X.

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Bi 19 : Cho cc nguyn t: X (Z = 11), Y (Z = 19), Z (Z = 13). a) Hy sp xp cc nguyn t trn theo th t tng dn tnh kim loi. Gii thch. b) Trong cc oxit ca 3 nguyn t trn th oxit no c lin kt b phn cc nhiu nht? Bi 20 : Trong t nhin, Clo c 2 ng v l 35Cl v 37Cl c % khi lng tng ng l 75% v 25%. Cu c 2 ng v, trong mt ng v l Cu chim 73%. Cu v Cl to ra hp cht l CuCl2 trong c 47,228% khi lng ca Cu. Xc nh ng v cn li ca Cu. Bi 21: Phn t XY2 c tng s (p, n, e) l 114, trong s ht mang in tch gp 2 ln s ht khng c in tch. S ht mang in tch ca X ch bng 37,5% s ht mang in ca Y. Xc nh cng thc XY2. Bi 22 : A v B l hai nguyn t thuc 2 nhm lin tip v nm trong 2 chu k lin tip trong bng HTTH. Tng s ht mang in tch trong A v B l 50. A v B khng phn ng c vi nhau. Xc nh A v B. Bi 23: Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t X c phn lp ngoi cng l 4p5. T s gia s ht khng mang in v s ht mang in l 0,6429. Tnh Z v s khi ca X. Bi 24 : Hai nguyn t X v Y thuc cng 1 nhm. X l phi kim. Gi A l hp cht gia X v kali. Trong A c 17,62% khi lng X. X v Y to ra c 2 hp cht trong Y chim 40%, 50% khi lng. Xc nh X v Y. Bi 25: M thuc nhm IIIA. X thuc nhm VIA. Trong oxit cao nht th M chim 71,43% khi lng, cn X chim 40% khi lng. Gi A l hp cht c to bi M v X. a) Tnh % khi lng ca M trong A l bao nhiu? b) Lin kt trong A thuc loi lin kt g? Bi 27: Hai nguyn t A v B thuc 2 nhm A lin tip. Tng s proton trong A v B l 19. Gi X l hp cht to bi A v B.Tng s proton trong X l 70. Xc nh X. Bi 28: A v B l 2 nguyn t trong A c phn lp ngoi cng l 2p2. Gi X l hp cht to bi A v B c phn t lng l 154. Trong hp cht ny c 7,8% khi lng ca A. Xc nh X. Bi 29: Hp cht A c cng thc MX2 trong c 46,67% khi lng ca M (M l kim loi). Trong M: s ntron s proton = 4. Trong X: s proton = s ntron. Tng s (p, n, e) trong A l 116. Xc nh A. T A vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch M. Bi 30 : Tnh bn knh nguyn t gn ng ca Fe v Au 200C. Bit khi lng ring ca Fe v Au ln lt l 7,87g/cm3; 19,32g/cm3 vi gi thit trong tinh th cc nguyn t Fe hay Au l nhng hnh cu chim 75% th tch tinh th, phn cn li l khe rng gia cc qu cu. Cho khi lng nguyn t ca Fe l 55,85 v ca Au l 196,97. Bi 31 : Mt nguyn t M tc dng va vi 0,672 lt kh X (o ktc), to ra 3,1968 gam mui (hao ht 4%). S hiu nguyn t ca M bng 5/3 s khi R. Hp cht Z c 3 nguyn t to bi M v R tc dng vi hp cht HX gii phng mt hp cht hu c T v mui Y. Xc nh M, R, X v v tr ca M, R, X trong bng h thng tun hon. Bi 32 : a) A v B l hai nguyn t thuc cc nhm A ca bng h thng tun hon .Nguyn t ca nguyn t A c 2 electron lp ngoi cng v hp cht X ca A vi hidro c cha 4,67% hidro. Xc nh khi lng nguyn t ca A.

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b) Nguyn t ca nguyn t B c 7 electron lp ngoi cng. Gi Y l hp cht ca B vi hidro. Bit rng 16,8 gam cht X tc dng va vi 200 g dung dch Y 14,6% thu c kh C v dung dch D. Xc nh khi lng nguyn t ca B. Tnh nng % ca cht tan trong dung dch D. c) Cho tt c cc kh C thu c qua ng ng bt CuO d un nng. Sau khi phn ng kt thc, sy kh v cn hn hp cn li trong ng ,thy khi lng gim mt m gam so vi khi lng bt CuO ban u. Tnh m bit hiu sut 100%. Bi 32 : Mt nguyn t phi kim R c hai ng v X v Y. Cho kim loi Fe ln lt tc dng vi cc ng v X v Y ta c hai mui X1 v Y1 c t l khi lng phn t l 293/ 299. Bit rng t s s nguyn t X v Y trong R bng 109/91 v tng s s ntron ca X v Y bng 4,5 ln s hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t chu k 4 nhm IIA. Mt khc khi cho mui NaR tc dng va vi 40/3 g dung dch AgNO 3 25,5% ta thu c 3,7582 g mui ca bc( hiu sut 100%). a) Xc nh tr s ca mi phn t trong X v Y (s p, n, e). b) Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca R. c) Xc nh v tr ca R trong bng h thng tun hon. Bi 33: Mt hp cht ion cu to t ion M+ v ion X2- .Trong phn t M2X c tng s ht (n,p,e) l 140 ht , trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 44 ht . S khi ca ion M+ ln hn s khi ca ion X2- l 23 ht . Tng s ht (p, n, e) trong ion M+ nhiu hn trong ion X2- l 31 ht. a) Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t M v X; Cu hnh electron ca M+ v X2-. b) Xc nh v tr ca M, X trong bng h thng tun hon . Bi 34: X l mt kim loi ha tr 2. Ha tan hon ton 6,082 gam X vo dung dch HCl d thu c 5,6 lt H2 (ktc). a) Tm khi lng nguyn t v tn nguyn t X. b) X c 3 ng v. Bit tng s s khi ca 3 ng v l 75. S khi ca ng v th nh bng trung bnh cng s khi ca hai ng v kia. ng v th nht c s proton = s ntron. ng v th ba chim 11,4% s nguyn t v c s ntron nhiu hn ng v th hai l 1 n v. b1) Tm s khi v s ntron ca mi ng v. b2) Tm % v s nguyn t ca hai ng v cn li. c) Mi khi c 100 nguyn t ng v th nh th c bao nhiu nguyn t ca ng v th nht v th ba. Bi 35: Cho m gam kim loi X tc dng va vi 7,81 gam kh clo thu c 14,05943 gam mui clorua, vi hiu sut 95%. Kim loi X c hai ng v A, B c c im: Tng s cc ht trong hai nguyn t A v B bng 186 ht. Hiu s s ht khng mang in ca A v B bng 2. Nu ta thm 400 nguyn t A vo hn hp c 3600 nguyn t A v B th % v s nguyn t ca B gim 7,3%. Xc nh kim loi X v cc ng v A, B. Tnh m????

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