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Trng i Hc Cng Nghip Tphcm Khoa Cng Ngh Ha Hc

Tiu lun : Ha k thut ti : Tm hiu v cng ngh sn xut phn kali


GVGD: Hunh Th Minh Hin SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy MSSV: 10083671

Mc lc
1. Vai tr tc dng ca phn kali vi cy trng 2. Cng ngh sn xut phn kali a. Phn kaliclorua b. Phn kalisunfat 3. Mt s lu khi bn phn kali

1. Vai tr tc dng ca phn kali vi cy trng


Phn bn cung cp cht dinh dng kali cho cy xanh. Kali
c vai tr ch yu trong vic chuyn ho nng lng trong qu trnh ng ho cc cht dinh dng ca cy xanh. Kali lm tng kh nng chng chu ca cy xanh i vi cc tc ng khng li t bn ngoi v chng chu i vi mt s loi bnh

1. Vai tr tc dng ca phn kali vi cy trng


Kali to cho cy xanh cng
chc, t ng, tng kh nng chu ng, chu hn, chu rt.

Kali lm tng phm cht nng sn v gp phn lm tng nng sut ca cy xanh

1. Vai tr tc dng ca phn kali vi cy trng


Kali lm tng hm lng ng trong qu lm cho mu sc qu p ti, lm cho hng v qu thm v lm tng kh nng bo qun ca qu. Kali lm tng cht bt trong c khoai, lm tng hm lng ng trong ma.

2. Cng ngh sn xut phn kali


Nhm cha clo: 80-90% Nhm khng cha clo: 10-20%

Phn kali

Phn kali c hai nhm Nhm cha clo( di dng clorua): KCl chim 80-90% tng sn lng phn kali Nhm khng cha clo: K2SO4

a. Phn kali clorua


Phn c dng bt mu hng nh mui t. Cng c dng mu xm c hoc xm trng. Phn c kt tinh thnh ht nh. Hm lng kali nguyn cht trong phn l 50 60%. Ngoi ra trong phn cn c mt t mui n (NaCl) c sn xut vi khi lng ln trn th gii v chim n 93%

tng lng phn kali

a. Phn kali clorua


Nguyn liu:
Qung cha kali clorua

Kali clorua
Mui t nhin : ch yu l xinvinit trn vi KCl k thut,

a. Phn kali clorua


Qu trnh ch bin:
Phng php ha tan ri kt tinh phn on

Tch kali clorua


Phng php tuyn ni

Phng php ha tan ri kt tinh phn on


Nguyn l: da vo tan ca KCl tng nhanh theo nhit cn tn NaCl khng thay i . Qu trnh cng ngh iu ch :

Ha tan xinvinit bng nc ci

Lm lng dung dch lnh , kt tinh KCl KCl

Nhc im : tn nng lng , cng knh , tn vt liu chng n mn, tinh th mui nh d vn cc

Phng php tuyn ni


Nguyn tc: Da vo thm nc khc nhau ca cc loi ht qung tch kcl u im : tin hnh nhit thng , thit b khng tn km , to c tinh th ln

Quy trnh thc hin:


Cht tuyn ni thng dng l hidroclorua octadexilamin

Phng php tuyn ni


Qu trnh tuyn KCl
Loi t st ra khi qung xinvinit Tch KCl ra khi qung

Cht tuyn ni hp ph cc ht t xt trong qung to lp bc bn cn tr tuyn qung nn ch phi tch s b t st trong bn qung .

b.Phn kali sunfat


Crushing and Grinding:
Reduce the particle size to <2 mm prior to separating the potash minerals from the clay and other salts

Gim kch thc h nh hn 2mm trc khi tch kali t hn hp cha c t st

Scrubbing and Desliming( Wet Separation)


Potash ore is rinsed and agitated with a saturated salt solution to remove clay and impurities

Ch k v kh bn ( tch t) Qung kali c ra sch v cho tng tc vi mt dung dch mui bo ha loi b t st v cc tp cht.

Flotation Separation
Amine reagents coat KCl but not NaCl Air bubbles cling to amine and float KCl to surfacewhile NaCland clay sink to bottom

Flotation

Potassium-containing minerals rise to the surface of the flotation cells and thenskimmed off

Final Steps: Dewatering and Sizing


A final rinse with saturated brine water and thenthe finished product is dewatered,centrifuged, dried, and compacted to desired particle sizes

S ca t bo ni bt

. [1] Mt hn hp qung v nc c gi l bt giy i vo t bo t mt iu, v cc dng di cng ca t bo. [2] khng kh hoc nit c truyn xung mt cnh qut cao cp ni m lc lng ct ph v dng khng kh vo bong bng nh. Bt khong sn tp trung c thu thp t trn nh ca t bo [3], trong khi bt giy [4] dng t bo khc. Hnh tam gic s hin th hng dng chy.

Phn kali sunfat


Nguyn liu : qung canit-xinvinit
Ty theo t l gia canit v xinvin m sn phm thu c di dng K2SO4 hoc K2SO4.MgSO4.6H2O Ty loi qung m lu trnh sn xut phn kali c khc nhau . Di y ta xt loi phn kali magiezi, phn ny cha ch yu

K2SO4.MGSO4.6H2O, ngoi ra cn c thm MgCl2


Loi phn ny c hnh thnh khi t l K/Mg trong qung l 1:6

Phn kali sunfat

Phn kali sunfat


Qung nghin c bng ti (1) a vo thit b ha tan (2) bng nc 65-75oc Phn khng tan c a i ly mui n , dung dch bo ha

kalimagiezi c ht mui nh ln bn i vo thit b lng , lng cc


ht huyn ph Tng tc cho qu trnh ngi ta thm poliacilamit 0,25% lm ng t keo

Phn kali sunfat


Bn lng thit b (3) ra c a vo bn thit b c bn(4) , ra bng nc nng ,dung dch ra quay li (2) ha tan qung.

Tch Xnit : dung dch thit b (3) ra c lm lnh


trong h thng gm 10 thit b kt tinh chn khng (5) , thit b th 4/10 hi c ngng t ti b mt(6) lm lnh bng nc ci hi lu

Phn kali sunfat


Hi th su ca thit b kt tinh chn khng cn li c ngng t trong cc thit b ngng t baromet, lm lnh bng nc lnh .

T thit b ngng t chn khng ra dd c a vo thit b c


c (7) , sau dd c a xung my lc ly tm (8). Nc lc a tr li thit b c c (7) Kali magiezi thu c i vo tng si (9) kh nc=> sn phm

3. Mt s lu khi bn phn kali


Bn kali cc loi t trung tnh d lm cho t tr nn chua. V vy cc loi t trung tnh nn kp thi bn thm vi. Kali nn bn kt hp vi cc loi phn khc. Kali c th bn thc bng cch phun dung dch ln l vo cc thi gian cy xanh kt hoa, lm c, to si.

C th bn tro bp thay th phn kali.

3. Mt s lu khi bn phn kali


Bn qu nhiu kali c th gy tc ng xu ln r cy xanh, lm cy xanh teo r. Nu bn qu tha phn kali trong nhiu nm, c th lm cho mt cn i vi natri, magi. Khi

xy ra trng hp ny cn bn b sung cc nguyn t vi


lng magi, natri. Cc loi cy xanh c phn ng tch cc vi phn kali l: ch, ma, thuc l, da, chui, khoai, sn, bng, ay, v.v..

THUC TUYN NI: cht hot ng b mt dng iu chnh qu trnh tuyn ni, lm thay i tnh cht l ho ca b mt cc ht khong c thnh phn khc nhau v iu chnh s to bt, nhm mc ch tch ri mt s khong vt ra khi cc khong vt khc trong mi trng nc, da trn kh nng to ht ca mt s khong cht c th dnh cht vo bt khng kh, to thnh mt lp bt qung tinh c gi tr. TTN l nhng cht khc nhau v thnh phn, cu trc, tnh cht hu c hay v c, d ho tan hay kh ho tan trong nc. TTN thng phn thnh cc loi: cht thu gom, cht to bt, cht iu chnh.

CACNALIT : (A. carnallite), khong vt ph lp mui clorua kp ca kali v magie KCl.MgCl2.6H2O. H thoi. Tp cht: ch, xesi, brom, liti, titan. Tp hp ht c st, khng mu, trng, vng chanh n nu . nh thu tinh trn mt vt v. V ng; d chy ra. cng 2,5; khi lng ring 1,62 g/cm3. Thng gp trong cc m mui trm tch. Ngun nguyn liu sn xut phn bn, iu ch magie, kali, clo, cc mui magie v kali.

http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/conten t/chp44/4402s.swf

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