QUY TRNH K THUT SN XUT LA, LA NP CHT LNG CAO, AN TON (Ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 701 /Q-SNN

ngy 08 thng 10 nm 2009 ca S Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn tnh An Giang) La cht lng cao l la c sn xut t nhng ging c cht lng cao nh cho go ht di, mm cm, t bc bng. La np cht lng cao l np c sn xut t ging c cht lng cao nh go np c v ngt, thm, mm do. La v la np an ton c sn xut theo quy trnh m bo cc ch tiu v d lng thuc bo v thc vt, hm lng mt s kim loi nng, hm lng Nitrat, v cc ch tiu cn trng, nm mc ch yu c trong ht go di mc gii hn ti a (MRL) ng k trong quy trnh. I. PHM VI P DNG 1. Quy trnh k thut sn xut la, la np cht lng cao, an ton c p dng cho vic sn xut la go cht lng cao, c sn tt c cc thi v trn a bn tnh An Giang; 2. Quy trnh ny l c s cho vic ng k, kim tra v xc nhn cht lng ca la, la np cht lng cao, an ton; 3. Quy trnh ny p ng cc ch tiu cht lng go trng theo tiu chun TCVN 5644:1999. II. YU CU 1. La cht lng cao, an ton c thc hin trn qui m ca mt cnh ng lin khonh; 2. Cc h nng dn t nguyn tham gia sn xut la cht lng cao, an ton c cn b k thut hng dn tp hun cc bin php k thut canh tc; 3. c s kim tra cht ch ca c quan chc nng v tiu chun cht lng la cht lng cao, an ton. III. NH NGHA V QUI NH CHUNG 1. nh ngha: Go cht lng cao, an ton l go c sn xut t nhng ging la c cht lng go cao, c sn nh ht di (chiu di ht go 6,6mm), mm cm (hm lng amylose trong khong 20,1 - 25% t bc bng ( bc bng cp 1) c hoc khng c mi thm c trng.Vi np hm lng amylose 3%, c hoc t c mi thm c trng. Tt c u c sn xut theo quy trnh m bo cc ch
1

tiu v d lng kim loi nng, nitrate v thuc BVTV c trong ht go khng vt qu gii hn ti a (MRL) ng k trong quy trnh. Khi khng cn phn bit, t la dng trong ti liu c hiu l la, la np ni chung; go c hiu ht la, ht np bc v. 2. iu kin sn xut la an ton: 2.1. t ai: Vng t khng b nhim, khng chu nh hng ca cht thi cng nghip, bnh vin v cc ngun nc nhim khc; 2.2. Nc ti: Phi c h thng knh mng ti tiu tt v ngun nc ti bo m vic ch ng ti, tiu thot nc cho tng giai on sinh trng ca cy la; 2.3. ging: S dng cc ging la, ging np t tiu chun la ging xc nhn (xc nhn 1 hoc xc nhn 2 theo qui nh ca B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn). 2.4. Phn bn v thuc BVTV: Tu theo ma v, chng loi ging v din bin ca dch hi m cc loi phn ho hc v thuc BVTV s c s dng c th cho tng giai on sinh trng ca cy la (theo hng dn c th phn quy trnh sn xut); 2.5. Nng dn: phi c tp hun k thut v sn xut theo quy trnh trong thi gian t nht 3 v lin tip. 3. Tiu chun cht lng: La cht lng cao, an ton l la khng ln tp, thu hoch ng chn; go phi t cc yu cu cht lng nh sau: 3.1. Yu cu v sinh v an ton: a) Ch tiu c cht: - D lng kim loi nng v thuc BVTV: Tiu chun nh ga d lng ca kim loi nng v thuc BVTV cn c theo qui nh ti Quyt nh s 867/1998/Q.BYT ngy 04 thng 04 nm 1998 ca B Y t v danh mc tiu chun v sinh i vi lng thc, thc phm. Tuy nhin, trong thc t sn xut nng dn s dng mt s loi thuc BVTV (trong danh mc c php lu hnh Vit Nam) khng c tn trong Quyt nh 867/1998/Q.BYT. V vy, s s dng cc tiu chun v d lng thuc BVTV ca chu u (EU) v ca Hoa K, chi tit v d lng thuc BVTV v kim loi nng c trnh by bng 1 v bng 2 phn ph lc; - Hm lng nitrate mc 50mg/kg. - c t aflatoxin do vi nm: khng pht hin bng k thut (hin i) sc k lp mng; b) Ch tiu cn trng v nm mc - Cn trng: khng c.
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- Nm mc: tng s bo t nm mc trong 1 kg go khng ln hn 10.000 bo t. 3.2. Yu cu cht lng go trng: Cc ch tiu v cht lng go trng nh di ht, t l go nguyn, t l bc bng, m , tp cht... phi m bo t tiu chun cht lng theo qui nh ca tiu chun TCVN 5644:1999 (Quy nh bng 5, phn ph lc) 4. a bn p dng: Quy trnh c p dng cc vng quy hoch sn xut la cht lng cao ti An Giang. IV. QUY TRNH SN XUT 1. Thi v: p dng theo Quyt nh s 76/2007/Q-UBND ngy 21/11/2007 ca UBND tnh An Giang, c th nh sau. 1.1. V ng xun: bt u t ngy 15 thng 11dl n ngy 31 thng 12dl; 1.2. V H thu: bt u t ngy 01 thng 4dl n ngy 10 thng 5dl; 1.3. V Thu ng: bt u t ngy 01 thng 8dl n ngy 30 thng 8dl. 2. Lm t: Mt rung phi c san bng phng, nh rnh thot nc v dn sch c di trc khi s, cy. 2.1. V ng xun: Sau khi thu hoch xong v H thu trn vng t 2 v, t c cy th, n khi nc rt tin hnh trc, san bng mt rung; i vi vng t 3 v sau khi thu hoch la Thu ng th tin hnh lm t nh v H thu. 2.2. V H thu: Sau khi thu hoch la ng xun, (tu iu kin nng hay ma c th ri rm, t ng hoc cy vi r kt hp s dng Trichoderma spp. gip phn hu rm, gc r), cy i trc khi gieo s ( su cy nh nht 20cm) v phi t t nht 2 tun; 2.3. V Thu ng: Sau khi thu hoch xong v H thu trn nn t 3 v, bin php lm t nh v H thu. 3. Chun b ging: 3.1. Chn ging: Chn cc ging la trong danh mc khuyn co ca B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn tng thi im v c cht lng go trng p ng yu cu cht lng cao theo tiu chun qui nh (xem bng 5, bng 6 phn ph lc); 3.2. Cht lng ging: La ging phi c ng u cao, khng c ln c di, la c v ging khc. Tt nht nn s dng la ging xc nhn theo Thng t s 42/2009/TT-BNNPTNT ngy 10 thng 7 nm 2009 ca B Trng B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn v vic quy nh qun l sn xut, kinh doanh v s dng ht ging la siu nguyn chng, nguyn chng, xc nhn, ging la b m la lai v ht la lai (Quy nh bng 3, bng 4, phn ph lc).
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4. Mt s: Ty theo ging, ma v, bng phng ca mt rung v kh nng thot nc ca tng tha rung quyt nh mt s, mt s thch hp t 80kg - 100kg/ha. Tt c cc v u c s bng cng c s hng. Ngoi ra, nu c iu kin th c th cy, tui m t 10 - 20 ngy, khng m qu 20 ngy tui, cy 2-3 tp/bui, khong cch 15 x 20cm. 5. Ngm ging v x l ht ging: Ging c ngm trc tip vo dung dch nc mui nng 15% trong vng 15-30 pht vt b ht lp lng ni pha trn, phn chm cn li vt ra ra v ngm tip vi nc sch 48 gi, k trong thi gian 24 gi cho n khi ht ging ny mm. Sau tin hnh gieo s bng cng c s hng. Nu cy th gieo m, din tch t m bng 1/10 din tch t cy. Lng la ging dng gieo m khng qu 30-50kg cy cho mt hcta. v H thu v v Thu ng nu s dng ngun ging mi thu hoch di 30 ngy phi dng ha cht ngm la ging kch thch ny mm tt bng Nitrica (y l sn phm mi, c tc dng ph min trng ht la ging, sn phm dng bt, d s dng, an ton hn so vi vic dng acid Nitric m c), liu lng khuyn co trn bao b. 6. Phn bn: 6.1 Nguyn tc bn phn cho la: bn theo nhu cu ca cy vo cc thi im sinh trng (m, nhnh, tng ng); bn ng liu lng; khng bn tha phn m. Thi k bn cho cy la, c th chia lm 3 t bn chnh: t 1: 7 10 ngy sau s, t 2: 18 22 ngy sau s, t 3: 40 45 ngy sau s. Ch : ty iu kin sinh trng, ma v, thi gian sinh trng ca ging la ang canh tc m gia gim thi gian bn. Lng phn bn khuyn co tham kho theo tng vng canh tc Loi t t ph sa ven sng t phn nh t phn trung bnh Lng phn nguyn cht cn bn (Kg/ha) m (N) Ln (P2O5) Kali (K2O) X HT X HT X HT 90 - 100 75 - 90 40 - 50 50 - 60 30 - 50 30 - 50 80 - 100 70 - 80 40 - 60 50 - 60 30 - 50 30 - 50 60 - 80 60 40 - 60 60 - 80 30 - 50 30 - 50

Ghi ch: X: ng xun, HT: H thu. - t ph sa ven sng gm th x Tn Chu, cc huyn: An Ph, , Ph Tn, Ch Mi. - t phn nh gm thnh ph Long Xuyn ,th x Chu c, cc huyn:Chu Thnh, Chu Ph. - t phn trung bnh gm cc huyn: Tri Tn, Tnh Bin, Thoi Sn.

Ring i vi t 3 v canh tc nhiu nm c th bn thm 20% tng lng phn m, nn b sung phn hu c nhm ci to t. S dng bng so mu l kim sot vic d tha m 2 t bn cui.
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6.2. Thi im v liu lng phn bn: + Bn lt: trc khi gieo s.Vng t phn nn bn lt phn ln nung chy Vn in (16% P2O5) t 100 - 400 kg/ha ty phn ca t, gip h phn ngay t u, b r s pht trin tt hn. + Bn phn ln 1: lc 7 - 10 ngy sau khi s (NSKS), bn theo bng hng dn sau y ty theo ma v v loi t. Lng phn cn bn (Kg/ha) Loi t X t ph sa ven sng t phn nh t phn trung bnh 40 - 45 35 - 45 25 - 30 Ur HT 30 - 35 25 - 30 15 - 20 X 45 - 55 45 - 65 45 - 65 DAP HT 55 - 65 55 - 65 65 - 87 X 20 - 30 20 - 30 20 - 30 KCl HT 20 - 30 20 - 30 20 - 30

Ch : B lch thng gy hi giai on bn phn ln 1. Phi a nc vo ngp rung 1-3 cm trc khi bn phn + Bn phn ln 2: lc 18 - 22 ngy sau s theo bng hng dn sau: Lng phn cn bn (Kg/ha) Loi t X t ph sa ven sng t phn nh t phn trung bnh 80 - 90 70 - 80 50 - 65 Ur HT 60 - 73 55 - 65 30 - 40 X 45 - 55 45 - 65 45 - 65 DAP HT 55 - 65 55 - 65 65 - 87

(Lu bn v o vo nhng ch xu iu chnh ng u ca rung la)

- i vi rung s mt thp hoc ging ny chi km, s dng ch phm kch thch sinh trng phun ngay sau khi bn phn lm gia tng s chi hu hiu. Ch : Su c thn, su phao, su cun l, bnh m vn, bnh o n l trong giai on ny. + Bn phn ln 3: lc 40 45 ngy sau s theo bng hng dn sau: Lng phn cn bn (Kg/ha) Loi t X t ph sa ven sng t phn nh t phn trung bnh 40 - 45 35 - 45 25 - 30 Ur HT 30 - 35 25 - 30 15 - 20 X 30 - 55 30 - 55 30 - 55 Kali HT 30 - 55 30 - 55 30 - 55

(Lu : nn quan st ng la bn phn gip ng pht trin tt hn).

Sau bn phn gi nc n la chn sp (60 -70NSS) v giai on ny nu rung kh thiu nc th la s d b lp. Ch : Bnh o n, vng l, m vn, lem lp ht, su cun l, ry nu. - Bn phn cho v Thu ng c th p dng cng thc phn ging nh khuyn co trong v H Thu. Ring i vi t 3 v canh tc nhiu nm (Ch Mi) c th bn thm 20% tng lng phn m, nn b sung phn hu c nhm ci to t. Ty theo loi ging v iu kin t ai ca tng vng c th c th thay i lng phn bn cho ph hp t c hiu qu cao nht v c th s dng phn ln super, phn hp cht khc nh 20-20-15, 16-16-8, ... bn cho la, nhng phi m bo ng lng phn nguyn cht; Nu t b nhim phn (cc rung u c pH< 5) nn dng cc bin php thy li thot phn, m phn v bn thm cc loi phn gip h phn nh: vi bt (200400 kg /ha) trc khi lm t, hoc phn ln nung chy (ln Long Thnh, lnVn in 100400 kg/ha). bo m d lng kim loi nng v nitrate khng vt mc qui nh khng nn phun phn bn qua l c cha cc kim loi nng (Quy nh bng 2 phn ph lc) v phi m bo thi gian cch ly t 10-15 ngy i vi cc loi phn c cha nitrate . 7. Chm sc:
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7.1 Qun l nc: 5 NSS cho nc vo rung, mc nc xm xp (trng gc cy la) gip rung gi m tt hoc ngp 2-3cm. Quan st c bu vng trn rung. 7-10 NSS tip tc cho nc vo rung ngp 5-7cm. 28 NSS bt u tho kh rung ln th nht (nu cc hng la l gip tn vi nhau). 35-49 NSS v nc rung, gi mc nc 5cm (chun b bn phn t 3), sau khi bn phn nc rt t nhin, n khi xung di mt t 15cm th bm nc vo cao nht l 5cm. 80-85 NSS bt u tho kh nc rung la chn u v d thu hoch bng my ct xp dy, my gt p lin hp. Ch : Tu thi gian sinh trng ca ging la m iu chnh thi gian ti tiu, khng la b ngp ng sut v. 7.2 Cy dm: La khong 15-20 ngy, tin hnh cy dm nhng ni b cht; ta nhng ni mt qu dy 7.3 Kh ln: Thng xuyn kh ln nhng cy khc dng hnh v la c, khu kh ln thc hin dt im 15 ngy trc khi thu hoch. 8. Qun l dch hi: Trn c s ca vic p dng ng b nhiu bin php nh chun b t k, mt rung bng phng, xung ging theo lch thi v, s dng ging c ng u cao, s tha, bn phn cn i, hp l v qun l nc tt s gip cho cy la khe mnh vi tn la khng dy c, y s l iu kin khng thun li cho su bnh pht trin nn khng cn s dng thuc tr su v ch s dng thuc tr c, tr bnh chy ba l, o n v m vn l ch yu. 8.1 C di: Lm t k v san bng mt rung, gi rung ngp nc trong giai on u khng ch c di. Khi s dng thuc tin ny mm hoc hu ny mm sm c th chn cc sn phm sau: Sofit 300EC (Pretilachlor 300 g/l + Fenclorim 100 g/l), Meco 60EC (Butachlor), Cantanil 550EC (Butachlor 27,5 % + Propanil 27,5 %), Sunrice 15WDG (Ethoxysulfuron), Nominee 10SC (Bispyribac-Sodium), p dng theo liu khuyn co trn nhn v rung phi m; nn lun phin cc loi thuc c c hot cht khc nhau hn ch tnh khng ca c di. 8.2 c bu vng: Bin php hiu qu kinh t nht l thu gom c bu vng trc khi gieo s, nh ng nc gom c xung ni trng bt v kim sat. Nu sau khi s, rung la b nhim c bu vng vi mt cao th s dng thuc ha hc thuc nhm Metaldehyde phng tr. Tuyt i khng c s dng thuc ngoi danh mc c php lu hnh.
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8.3 Ry Nu: Qun l ry nu theo S tay Hng dn phng tr ry nu truyn bnh vng ln, ln xon l hi la ca B Nng Nghip v Pht trin nng thn. Nu dch ry bc pht c th s dng thuc tr ry c hot cht: Buprofezin, Imidacloprid, Fenobucarb,. Khng nn dng thuc gc cc tng hp tr ry v d bc pht tnh khng v gy chy ry. Khuyn khch s dng cc ch phm sinh hc c ngun gc t vi khun Bacillus thuringiensis v nm Beauveria, Metarhizium,
Ch : Khng dng thuc c gc Acetamiprid phng tr ry t giai on la tr

8.4 Su cun l nh: p dng Phng php qun l dch hi tng hp IPM (nguyn tc chnh: cy la khe, bo v thin ch, thm ng thng xuyn, nng dn tr thnh chuyn gia) v khng s dng thuc trong 40 ngy u sau s v cy la lc ny c kh nng phc hi. S dng thuc ho hc theo 4 ng (ng lc, ng thuc, ng liu lng, ng cch). 8.5 Dch bnh: - Chy l v kh c bng (o n): Tu theo c tnh ging (ging nhim) v iu kin thi tit thun li cho bnh chy l gy hi (sng m nhiu v tri lnh vo ban m) th phi bm nc vo rung v s dng thuc c nhm hot cht Tricyclazole tr. phng tr bnh kh c bng cn phi ch phun thuc phng nga trc v sau tr ... v bnh ny ngoi vic lm gim nng sut cn lm gim rt ng k cht lng go khi xay xt nh tng t l go gy v go bc bng. - m vn: - V sinh ng rung nhm lm sch c v cc tn d ca v trc. - Cy i phi t gip cho vi sinh vt c li pht trin dit mm bnh. - Ch ngun nc trn knh rch c nhiu lc bnh mang bnh, hch nm s theo nc i vo rung, khi dng ngun nc ny cn cho qua li hch nm khng vo rung c. * Ngoi ra, cng c th s dng mt trong cc loi thuc c hot cht: Validamycin, Iprodione, Hexaconazol, Flusilazole,.... - Vng l: Do s vi mt thch hp v bn phn va phi nn khng cn phi s dng thuc tr bnh vng l. Trng hp c bnh vng l chn sm pht sinh giai on ng tr pht hin c hn 30% s l c vt bnh c th phun thuc c hot cht Benomyl. - Chy ba l: Do vi khun Xanthomonas oryzea gy ra, bnh thng pht trin v gy hi nng v H thu trong giai on 40 NSS tr i. Bnh ly lan qua con ng ht ging. qun l bnh ch yu s dng ging chng chu kt hp vi x l ht
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ging nh khuyn co. Trnh bn tha m khi pht hin trn rung c triu chng bnh. Nu bnh pht trin trong iu kin ma nhiu cn x l bng thuc c tr nh: Asusu 20WP, Avalon 8WP, Physan 20L, Ellestar 3AS theo liu hng dn. - Lem lp ht: Trong v H thu nu la tr gp iu kin ma bo c th phun phng nga trc v sau tr 7-10 ngy bng cc loi thuc c hot cht nh: Flusilazole, Difenoconazole, Propiconazole, Tebuconazole, Iprodione, Hexaconazole phng tr bnh lem lp ht. Nu s dng cc loi thuc ha hc vi cc hot cht khng c trong danh sch ti bng 1 (ph lc) phng tr su bnh th phi bo m d lng trn go khng vt qu mc qui nh ti Quyt nh s 867/1998/Q-BYT, ngy 04 thng 4 nm 1998 ca B Y t hoc ca cc t chc nu trn (EU, EPA, FDA) hay ca t chc quc t khc. Ch : Vic phun ho cht bo v thc vt cn p dng theo 4 ng. 9. Thu hoch, bo qun Trc khi thu hoch 10-15 ngy tin hnh tho kh nc rung chun b thu hoch. - Gt: ng chn (85 - 90% ht trn bng chuyn sang mu vng rm). Nn s dng my gt p lin hp. - Phi: Khng phi m ngoi ng, sn phi phi c li lt bn di, tuyt i khng phi la trn l giao thng. - Sy: La ging nhit khng qu 400C, la hng ho sy khng qu 450C. i vi np ti sau khi sut xong vn chuyn ngay v l sy v tin hnh sy nhit ging nh trn, trong thi gian t 18 n 24 gi (trong iu kin khng th sy kp c th ch sy khng qu 3 ngy sau khi ra ht ti). - Bo qun: Tr ht la ging bng ti ym kh m khng qu 12%, la hng ho khng qu 14% trong kho kn c h thng thng gi v chiu sng theo tiu chun.
KT.GIM C PH GIM C ( k ) on Ngc Ph

Ph lc Bng 1: D lng ti a cho php ca mt s loi thuc bo v thc vt (ng k thc hin tiu chun sn xut go an ton ti tnh An Giang)

Loi thuc Tr c

Tn thng mi C 2,4-D, Vitashield, Actara,

Tn ha cht (common name) 2,4-D Chlopyrifos Thiamethoxam Imidacloprid Cypermethrin Fipronil Buprofezin Hexaconazole Propiconazole v Defenoconazole Benomyl Iprodione Tricyclazole Flusilazole Metaldehyde

LD50 (a) (mg/kg) 699 >3000 576 31 >2.000 2.189 6.071 1.517 >10.000 >4400 250 674 283

c tnh (b)

MRL (ppm) 0,05 0,1 0,05 0,05

III

T chc cng b tiu chun VN VN EPA EPA EU EPA EPA EPA EPA EU EPA FDA VN EPA

Tr su, ry

Confidor, Cyper - Alpha, Regent, Applaud, Anvil,... Tilt,...

II II III IV III IV IV II III III

0,05 0,04 0,7-1,0 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0

Tr bnh

Bemyl,.. Virovral,.. Lim,... Nustar Yellow-K,...

Tr c bu vng

Ch thch: - EPA: United States Environmental Protection Agency http://www.epa.gov/) - FDA: U.S. Food and Drug Adminitrastion (http://www.fda.gov/) - EU: http://europa.eu.int/comm/food - VN: Quyt nh s 867/1998/Q-BYT, ngy 04/4/1998 ca B trng B Y t. - (a) v (b): Cng b bi EPD (Electronic Protection Dictionary, 2000), CD ROM. - MRL: Maximum Residue Limits: D lng ti a cho php, tnh bng phn triu (ppm).

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Bng 2: D lng kim loi nng ti a cho php (cn c theo Quyt nh s 867/1998/Q.BYT ngy 04 thng 04 nm 1998 ca B Y t) STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Nguyn t Asen (As) Ch (Pb) ng (Cu) Thic (Sn) Km (Zn) Thy ngn (Hg) Cadimi (Cd) Antimon (Sb) D lng ti a cho php (MRL) (ppm) 1 2 30 40 40 0,05 1 1

Bng 3: Tiu chun ht la ging xc nhn 1 (theo tiu chun TCVN 1776-2004) Ch tiu 1. sch, khng nh hn 2. Ht khc ging c th phn bit c, khng ln hn 3. Ht c, khng ln hn 4. T l ny mm, khng nh hn 5. m, khng ln hn n v tnh % khi lng % s ht s ht/kg % s ht % khi lng Mc 99,0 0,3 10 80 13,5

Bng 4: Tiu chun ht la ging xc nhn 2 (theo Thng t 42/2009/TT-BNNPTNT ngy 10 thng 7 nm 2009 ca B Trng B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn) Ch tiu 1. sch, khng nh hn 2. Ht khc ging c th phn bit c, khng ln hn 3. Ht c, khng ln hn 4. T l ny mm, khng nh hn 5. m, khng ln hn n v tnh % khi lng % s ht s ht/kg % s ht % khi lng Mc 98,0 0,35 10 80 13,5

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Bng 5: TIU CHUN GO TRNG (theo tiu chun TCVN 5644:1999)

T l ht Ht di L:6.07,0 mm Thnh phn ca ht Tm Ht ngn L<6,0 mm Ht nguyn (%) Ht sc + xay xt di Ch tiu cht lng, khng ln hn, theo % khi lng

Loi go %khi lng

Ht rt di L>7,0 mm

Kch thc (mm) (0,5-0,8)L (0,5-0,8)L (0,35-0,75)L (0,35-0,75)L

Tm v tm nh % <4 <4,5 5,0 2 10 2

Trong tm nh (%) 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,3

Ht

Ht vng

Ht bc phn

Ht b h hng

Ht np

Ht non

Tp cht

Thc (ht / kg)

Mc xt m

Go ht di

100% loi A 100% loi B 5% 10%

10 10 5 5

10 10 15 15

>60 60 60 55

0 0 2 2

0,25 0,5

0,2 0,2 0,5 1,0

5 5 6 7

0,25 0,5 1,0 1,25

1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5

0 0 0,2 0,2

0,05 0,05 0,1 0,2

10 10 15 20

14,0 14,0 14,0 14,0

Rt k Rt k K K

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