Archaic Phrases

jwr Occasionally I feel to dig into the etymological treasury of my memories. Only few of us seem to enjoy the revival of lost words, but I do. A great number of strange etymological anomalies may be identified in remote areas, such as colonies, islands mountains and other remote territories. I remember those strange south-African words which had been invented by the colonists to describe new objects, animals and situations. The naming conventions used Dutch words which in their combinations turn out to be most inventive: peuselhappie 1, hijsbakkie2, moltrein3, papwiel4. Usually these newly created words are rather long. In contrast the archaic words will often be the shortest words in a dictionary. In studying the shortest and probably also oldest words I identified as a multifunctional word, which may have been a root for may other words and symbols. This root-word may be identified as a basic principle in Germanic, especially in Scandinavian and Anglo-Saxon dialects. The tree's common English name, ash, goes back to the Old English sc, while the generic name originated in Latin. Both words also meant "spear" in their respective languages.

1 2 3 4

snack elevator subway broken tyre

Vowel-based languages
Danish An overabundance of vowel sounds makes Danish a difficult language to learn even for Danish children5. In Danish, even consonants belong to the vowels: a, e, i, o, u, , , and y. But written Danish is not the issue. The problems start when Danes speak. In spoken speech, Danish actually has some 40 vowel sounds, says Dorthe Bleses6,, depending upon where the vowels are placed in words and sentence strings. According to the linguist, it takes Danish children with Danish parents until they are nine or ten years old in the third or fourth grade to crack the code of the Danish language. The code may have been designed for some special purpose such as a philosophical/religious principle. Generally Scandinavian dialects have been shortened to use concentrated sequences of vowels. In the Central Norwegian dialect words have been so shortened that it's possible to construct sentences entirely made of vowels. Famous jokes have been formulated: A school kid is walking home after his first day at school. He meets a friend who asks: "Which class do you attend?" The child answers: e i A, lit. "I am in (class) A". Then he asks back: "But what about you?" His friend answers: , e i A !, lit. "oh, I am in (class) A, me too!" See here the meaning of the single words: - I, me; e - am, are, is; i - in; A - (class) A; oh, too.7 In some Danish dialects the -phoneme may be used in various applications, such as in the sentence: i which may be interpreted as: jeg er p en i en (I am on the island at the river's shore). Germanic peoples seem to apply and concentrate this -vowel for some of the most important words such as the ego-pronoun, the unity-symbol one, to be, law, tradition, marriage.8 These most important themes have all been packed inside the bipolar AE-sequence and probably the vowel also played an important role in their mythology and linguistic concept. The bipolarity may have been based on the Ask and Embla Antipodes in Scandinavian mythology, representing Adam and Eve. Another sample of a genuine vowel-based sentence is given by a blogger Troels: In my local Danish dialect, we have this sentence: A u i , i u i ? It means: I am on the island in the river, are you also on the island in the river? All vowels, all one letter words9. Romanian This reminds of a Romanian sentence composed only of vowels: Oaia aia e a ei, eu i-o iau meaning 'that sheep is hers, I'm taking it from her'.. 10
5 The Danish language's irritable vowel syndrome

6 linguist at the Center for Child Language at the University of Southern Denmark
7 8 9 10 BBC - Languages - Your Say - Weird words - Sent by: Magne (The Creation Legend encoded in a Singular Vowel) BBC - Languages - Your Say - Weird words - Troels - 2008-01-06 BBC - Languages - Your Say - Weird words - SirJibby 2008-01-06

The multifunctional word In studying the shortest and probably also oldest words I identified as a multifunctional word, symbolizing: (Norwegian) = I (first-person singular personal pronoun - the ego-pronoun) In Norwegian dialects, mostly found in Trndelag, northern Norway, and parts of western and southern Norway and in the western Danish dialects of Thy and Southern Jutland, has a significant meaning: the first person singular pronoun I, and it is thus a normal spoken word; usually, it is written as when these dialects are rendered in writing11.

In western and southern Jutish dialects of Danish, is also the proclitic definite article: hus (the house), as opposed to Standard Danish and all other Nordic varieties which have enclitic definite articles (Danish, Swedish, Norwegian: huset, Icelandic, Faroese: hsi (the house)). These dialects are rarely committed to writing but some dialect literature exists. , w (old English) = law, scripture , ceremony, custom, marriage God is wisdom and woruldbuendra. God is the wisdom and law of world-dwellers. The is named sc "ash tree" after the Anglo-Saxon rune. Etymology: From Proto-Germanic *aiw, *aiwaz (law), from Proto-IndoEuropean *oiw- (custom, tradition, law). Cognate with Old Saxon o, Ol Frisian ewa, we, , , Old German wa, ha, a, (German Ehe). The old-Dutch word ee (law) is still found in eega (spouse). wnian = to marry, wed Etymology: From Middle English, from Old English a (running water, water, stream, river), from Proto-Germanic *ahw (waters, river), from Proto-IndoEuropean *ak- (water, flowing water). Cognate with North Frisian ia (river), Eastern Frisian i (river), Dutch aa (water, stream), German Ache (water, stream, river, flood), Swedish (stream, creek), Icelandic (stream, river), Latin aqua (water). Dutch, Frisian: aaien

a (old English) = river, running water.

ae (Danish) = fondle, stroke lightly - kindly, caress.

11

Overview of the multifunctional word in a Table Scandinavian (old) English Jutish Danish , jeg gte (vie) , w wa, ha, a, ee (Dutch) Ehe (German) Y, I, ic (old) German/ (old) Dutch ih, ich, ic, ik Explanations and Remarks I ego-pronoun proclitic definite article law, scripture, ceremony, custom, marriage From Proto-Germanic *aiwiOld High German wa life aa (Dutch) ewe, ee ie, iew (Mnl.) eeuwig (Dutch) (running) water eternal, eternity13 adv ever, at any time; always, constantly, perpetually; henceforth;

12 evig , a fre

ae 14 ny niwe, new

aaien (Dutch and fondle, stroke lightly - kindly, caress Frisian) nie (Old Frisian) new (-> not eternal)15 nij (old-Dutch) nieuw (Dutch)

12 oeme_dictionaries 13 eeuw v., Mnl. ewe, ee, Onfra. wa +Ohd. wa (Mhd. we, ), Ags. , Ofri. we, Go. aiws lange tijd, eeuwigheid + Skr. yus = leven, Gr. ain = eeuw, aie = altijd, Lat. vum = tijdperk, tas, Oier. aes = leeftijd (z. ook ieder). 14 Etymos Dictionary Danish-English 15 new (adj.) Old English neowe, niowe, earlier niwe "new, fresh, recent, novel, unheard-of, different from the old; untried, inexperienced," from P.Gmc. *newjaz (cf. Old Saxon niuwi, Old Frisian nie, Middle Dutch nieuwe, Dutch nieuw, Old High German niuwl, German neu, Danish and Swedish ny, Gothic niujis "new"), from PIE *newo- "new" (cf. Sanskrit navah, Persian nau, Hittite newash, Greek neos, Lithuanian naujas, Old Church Slavonic novu, Russian novyi, Latin novus, Old Irish nue, Welsh newydd "new").

Archaic roots
Rivier names (subset) The oldest Dutch names may have been rivers and waters. An overview listed in AA-rivernames defines the following subset of a voluminous overview listing additional names such as Aa, Ae, E, Ee, Ie, of IJ such as in A-and E-rivernames. It must be noted that all names essentially are vowelcombinations or pure vowels. Aa River (France), a river in northern France Aa River (Meuse), a river in North Brabant, Netherlands Aa of Weerijs, a river in North Brabant, Netherlands Drentsche Aa, a river in Drenthe and Groningen, Netherlands Aabach (Greifensee), or Ustermer Aa, a river in Switzerland Sarner Aa, a tributary of Lake Lucerne in Switzerland Aabach (Afte), formerly called the Groe Aa, a river in Germany Aa (Mhne), a river in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany Aa (Nethe), a river in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany Aa (Werre), a river in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany Aa, a river in Antwerp, Belgium which joins the Nete River Engelberger Aa, a river in Obwalden and Nidwalden, Switzerland Groe Aa, a river in Lower Saxony, Germany Mnstersche Aa, a river in Germany, one of several Westphalian rivers called Aa Sarner Aa, a river in Obwalden, Switzerland

Ieuw (ew) In Gothic the word iew = an unlimited period of time (eternity)16. The archaic society considered the oldest constructs as the most valuable - more than newer designs. And for the word new might have to be considered as a negation of ew. The Anglo-Saxon word is . eeuw v., Mnl. ewe, ee, Onfra. wa +Ohd. wa (Mhd. we, ), Ags. , Ofri. we, Go. aiws a long time, eternity + Skr. yus = life, Gr. ain = century, aie = always, Lat. vum = era, tas, Oier. aes = age17. The Wiktionary claims that in Maastricht dialect ieuw18 is to be translated as a eeuw (century), although originally eeuw is an unlimited period of time (eternity). Nieuw (new) Therefore new is describing anything, which is less than 100 years old - or to be precise anything that has been created after the world's creation. In Danish the word for new is ny. In Dutch language a city's name like Nijmegen (New Market) and Nijkerk (nije Kercke = new church) also use the nij for new.

16 T. Pluim (1911), Keur van Nederlandsche woordafleidingen geciteerd in eeuw 17 J. Vercoullie (1925), Beknopt etymologisch woordenboek der Nederlandsche taal, geciteerd in eeuw 18 ieuw - Wiktionary

To Wed = Adding an H
The letter H (probably related to the Eta and/or ?) may have played an important role in symbolism. Abraham and Abram, Sarai and Sarah In Biblical history the letter H symbolizes a matrimonial link. The symbolism may be identified in Abram's conversion to Abraham. Abram ( )was to marry Sarai (. ) Abram is now ninety-nine when God declares Abram's new name: Abraham ( ,)a father of many nations. Then God declared Sarai's new name: Sarah ( )and blessed her (Gen 17 EU) . The addition of the letter H may have been symbolized in the Dutch verb Huwen (to wed). Na'arah and Na'ara19

Fig. 1: na'arah or na'ara (from: Daniel Chanan Matt - 2004) In the fifth book of Mozes (22:23) the word Na'arah (girl) has been written without an H because she has not been joined to a man. According to the Zohar 20 the letter H cannot be applied as long the male and female partners have not been joined. If a young woman [that is] a virgin be betrothed unto an husband, and a man find her in the city, and lie with her.21 According to the Zohar22 the H has been symbolized in the Holy Name AHJH (Ehejeh) to join all elements in the H-symbol. Ehe (matrimony) As a remarkable feature the German word Ehe (matrimony) seems to have been based on the Hebrew letter He and the Holy Name Eheje (respectively AHJH).

19 20 21 22

The Zohar, volume 1 - page 285 - na'arah or na'ara I. fol. 51a-b, quoted in DER SOHAR - Das heilige Buch der KABBALA, translated by Ernst Mller Deu 22:23 I. fol. 15a-16a, quoted in DER SOHAR - Das heilige Buch der KABBALA, translated by Ernst Mller

Yggdrasil , Ygdrasil or Igdrasil23 According to Norse myth the Yggdrasil had been considered as an huge ash tree stabilzing earth, heaven, and hell with its roots and branches. The name's etymology may be related to a principal divine name: Odin. [Old Norse (probably meaning: Uggr's horse), from Uggr a name of Odin, from yggr, uggr frightful + drasill horse, of obscure origin. Kindle24 And even kindle may be related to the fire making procedure in which two pieces of wood (one piece of hardwood and one piece of softwood) are being rubbed against each other. To kindle is to give birth to young. Used especially of rabbits. c.1200, cundel, "to set fire to, to start on fire," probably from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse kynda "to kindle, to light a fire," Swedish quindla "kindle," of uncertain origin, + frequentative suffix -le. Figurative use from c.1300. Intransitive sense "to begin to burn, to catch fire" is from c.1400. Related: Kindled; kindling. Influenced in form, and sometimes in Middle English in sense, with kindel "to give birth" (of animals), "bring forth, produce" (c.1200), from kindel (n.) "offspring of an animal, young one," from Old English gecynd (see kind (n.)) + -el.

Correlation to Dyus
The previously described short vowel words may all refer to the central triad of the PIE-sky-god Dyus. The Scandinavian roots seem to be concentrating on the central vowel e, which also may be read as a or ae. The -core has been used as a multiple fundamental for the ego-pronoun, the law, scripture, ceremony, custom, marriage, waters/rivers and the Danish verb ae for to caress. In contrast to the Scandinavian words the IU-, IEU- or IOU-based words of the Mediterranean territories seem to have used the complete triad of the Dyus' IeU-core. In Roman derivate languages the IU-based words describe the ego-pronoun (in Provencal IeU) and the law (in ius and the divine order in IU-piter). Some of the Dutch words (ieuw, 'euwig/eeuwig for eternal and nieuw for new) seem to be related to the Dyus' IEU-core. The Dutch word aaien (to caress) may be related to the Danish verb ae.

23 Igdrasil 24 kindle

Inhoud
Vowel-based languages.........................................................................................................................2 Danish..............................................................................................................................................2 Romanian.........................................................................................................................................2 The multifunctional word ................................................................................................................3 Overview of the multifunctional word in a Table.......................................................................4 Archaic roots........................................................................................................................................5 Rivier names (subset).......................................................................................................................5 Ieuw (ew).........................................................................................................................................5 Nieuw (new)....................................................................................................................................5 To Wed = Adding an H......................................................................................................................6 Abraham and Abram, Sarai and Sarah.............................................................................................6 Na'arah and Na'ara..........................................................................................................................6 Ehe (matrimony)..............................................................................................................................6 Yggdrasil , Ygdrasil or Igdrasil.......................................................................................................7 Kindle...............................................................................................................................................7 Correlation to Dyus ............................................................................................................................7