n Thit k h thng C in t Lp K44CT

N THIT K H THNG C IN T
ti: Thit k kha bo mt kt st

LI NI U
Hin nay khoa hc k thut ang pht trin mnh m, mang li nhiu li ch cho con ngi c v vt cht ln tinh thn. nng cao i sng nhn, ha nhp chung vo s pht trin ca cc nc trong khu vc cng nh cc nc trn th gii ng v Nh nc ta cng ra nhng mc tiu cho nm ti l nc cng nghip ha hin i ha. Mt trong cc ngnh cng nghip gp phn pht trin t nc l ngnh c kh, v ngnh c kh ng vai tr quan trng trong vic sn xut to ra thit b cng c cho cc ngnh kinh t quc dn. V vy cn y mnh o to i ng cn b k thut c trnh chuyn mn ha cao, ng thi phi p ng c yu cu ca cng ngh tin tin cng ngh t ng ha theo dy truyn trong sn xut. Nhm thc hin mc tiu , l sinh vin Trng i hc K thut Cng nghip Thi Nguyn ni ring v sinh vin ngnh k thut ni chung trong c nc lun c gp phn u trong hc tp, rn luyn trau di kin thc c hc trong trng sau khi ra trng c th ng gp mt phn tr tu v sc lc ca mnh vo cng cuc i mi t nc Trong qu trnh hc tp v nghin cu b mn C in t, em c phn cng hon thnh n mn hc vi ti Thit k kha bo mt kt st. c s hng dn tn tnh ca thy gio Phm Thnh Long v s n lc ca bn thn em s c gng hon thnh n mn hc ny Trong qu trnh hon thin n cn mc nhiu sai st em mong thy c ch bo chng em rt ra kinh nghim lm phong ph thm kin thc bn thn. Em xin chn thnh cm n! Thi Nguyn, ngy 1 thng 10 nm 2012 Sinh vin : Nguyn Xun Cnh Tng vn Chin

 n Thit k h thng C in t Lp K44CT

Phn I: Tng quan cc m hnh kha kt thng dng v cch ph kha

1. Tng quan v cc m hnh kha kt thng dng hin nay

Hin nay trn th trng c rt nhiu loi kt st vi kt cu kha khc nhau. Vi mc ch yu cu s dng ca con ngi, nh thit k ch to ra cc loi kt st ph hp mc ch ring ca con ngi. Kt st chng chy: L loi kt st thng c 1 hoc 2 kha cha (ty loi), v mt kha m (nm xoay m) Tnh nng:
Kt c kh nng chng chy v c bc bi 2 lp

thp dy v cht liu chng chy gia 2 lp thp.

Cnh ca s dng cht lao 2 pha nn m bo an

ton cao. Kt st chng chy l loi kt c th i c m s an ton theo mun. Kt st in t: Cch m kha

2. Cch m v ph kha Cu to ca kha kt st

phn ny em xin trnh by v loi kha thng dng nht hin nay. Kt st trong gia nh thng s dng kha bng m s quay. V c bn loi kha ny c cu to khng qu phc tp, ch l s dng 1 lot cc bnh xe c ly trn. Mi loi bnh xe tng ng vi mt s trong dy m s ca bn, cng nhiu bnh xe th dy s cng di v ng nhin vic m kha cng phc tp. Cc bnh xe ny c cng 1 trc c ni vi phn kha bn ngoi tuy nhin khng c gn vo trc. kha v trc ch c gn lin vi bnh xe cui cng. Trn mi bnh xe cn c 2 chu nh 2 mt truyn chuyn ng.
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 n Thit k h thng C in t Lp K44CT

Hnh v di y m t cu to ca kha thng dng:

Hot ng ca kha kt st Gi s ta c kha m s gm 5 s ng ng vi 5 bnh xe. Khi nhp m s u tin bn cn xoay kha 5 vng v bn phi ( cc bnh xe tip xc nhau, cng chuyn ng, hay cn gi l reset kha), sau xoay kha n v tr m s ca bn. Khi nhp m s tip theo bn phi xoay kha ngc chiu (v bn tri) 4 vng ri xoay n v tr m s th 2 ( bnh xe u tin khi vo ng v tr s khng di chuyn na). C th, sau mi ln nhp m s bn cn xoay ngc chiu kha theo s ln gim dn. Tuy c cu to n gin, nhng cch thc m kha khng h n gin cht no lm cho loi kt st ny c s dng rt ph bin. Cch ph kha
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 n Thit k h thng C in t Lp K44CT

C rt nhiu cch m kha sau y em trnh by mt s phng php ph kha: Phng php th cng y l phng php an ton nht, khng cn khoan hay ca my, khng gy ting n, khng li du vt tuy nhin t l thnh cng li khng cao. Nhng g bn cn chun b l mt t giy vi chic bt ch, mt ng nghe ca bc s hoc 1 thit b khuch i m thanh, mt cht kho lo, s nhn ni v kinh nghim. u tin bn p ng nghe bn cnh kha, xoay m s bn ngoi vi vng theo chiu kim ng h, reset li kha (cc bnh xe tip xc nhau v cng quay). Sau khi reset kha, xoay v s 0 ri bt u xoay tht chm theo chiu kim ng h. Khi mt trong cc bnh xe ng v tr, n s pht ra 1 ting "tch" nh, hy ghi li m s tng ng trn kha. Khi c dy m s, cng vic ca ta l sp xp th t cho chng ri m nh bnh thng. V d c 4 s l 1; 12; 34; 66; 89, s c tng cng 24 m s khc nhau v bn s phi th tng ci mt. Nu kha cng c nhiu bnh xe th m s s cng phc tp v s mt kha kh thi gian ca bn. Tuy nhin c mt rc ri nh, khng phi loi kha no cng c cu to ging nhau, c bit l phn rnh trn bnh xe. Vi mt s loi kha phn rnh ny c thit k vt xung (ging hnh thang). Do s c 2 ting "tick": khi phn then ca ly kha n v tr ca rnh trn bnh xe v khi n ra khi v tr . Lc ny bn s c mt khong gia 2 ting tick, gi l khong tip xc v m s s nm trong khong ny. Lc ny hon ton da vo kinh nghim, k nng v s may mn ca ngi ph kt. Phng php k thut y l phng php kh ph bin, thng thy trong cc b phim cp ngn hng khi phi i mt vi nhng cnh ca thp kin c, n cng c th p dng vi kt st thng thng. im mu cht ca phng php ny l s dng khoan. Mt s loi kha kt st c th b ph bng cch khoan trc tip vo kha, lm ph v ly kha t m c kt st. Nhng ch l s t, cc loi kt st hin nay khng p dng c cch ny.

 n Thit k h thng C in t Lp K44CT

Tuy nhin nhng k ph kt c th khoan mt gc khc n gn cc bnh xe bn trong, mc ch khng phi l ph huy chng m l quan st. Sau khi khoan n v tr cc bnh xe, mt thit b ging nh ng ni soi c camera u c a vo v cng vic cn li l nhp m s cho n khi cc rnh trn bnh xe vo ng v tr ca mnh. n gin l vy, nhng nhng nh thit k kt an ton lun c bin php bo v ca ring mnh. Nh vic t cc tm coban gia cnh ca kt st, nhng vic ny ch co th lm chm tin ca nhng k ph kt. Vi mt mi khoan bng titanium hoc kim cng th cui cng vn c th xm nhp vo h thng cc bnh xe. Khng dng li , cc nh thit k cn ci t mt h thng relock, c th c coi l bin php an ton nht. H thng ny bao gm mt lot cc kha ph v mt tm knh c t trong cnh ca kt st. Nu cc tay ph kt khoan vo v lm v tm knh ny, n s kch hot cc kha ph. Lc ny cho d nhp ng mt m th kt st cng khng th m c, ngi ch s phi gi cc nhn vin k thut ca bn sn xut mi c th m kt. V l thuyt th k thut ny kh n gin, nhng thc hnh n th l c mt vn .

ccx t 11-14 nu l pp tin hoc phay my ch cn ghi Ra2.5 hoc 3.2 l c

 n Thit k h thng C in t Lp K44CT

Phn II: Thit k kha

1. M hnh kha

a) Cu to ca kha a kha 1:

Cu to: C rnh then, trn a c khot 1 rnh cht, v then truyn.

Chc nng: Dng nhn lc t ng c

 n Thit k h thng C in t Lp K44CT

1 qua trc truyn cho a kha 2 qua then truyn trn a kha.
a kha 2:

Cu to: Trn a c khot 1 rnh cht, v then truyn i xng.

Chc nng: Nhn lc t a kha 1 qua then truyn v truyn lc sang a kha 3.

a kha 3: Cu to: C khot 1 rnh cht ging a 2. Then truyn mt bn.

Chc nng: Nhn lc t a kha 2 thng qua then truyn trn a 2.

Thanh gt ch L:

Cu to: nh hnh v, gm c 2 thanh. Chc nng: C tc dng gt 3 rnh a kha thng hng, ng thi y then kha li v pha sau m kt st.

 n Thit k h thng C in t Lp K44CT

Then kha

Cu to: nh hnh v Chc nng: c chuyn ng nh bi thanh gt ch L di chuyn tnh tin trn rnh v kha. C tc dng ng m ca kt st. Trc a kha.

Cu to: Nh hnh v. Chc nng: Truyn lc t ng c 1 qua then ln a kha 1. a kha 2,3 c lp lng trn trc ny. Trc gn thanh L

 n Thit k h thng C in t Lp K44CT

Cu to: Nh hnh v Chc nng: thanh L v truyn lc t ng c 2 ln thanh L qua then. ln:

Gm c 4 lp trn 2 trc ca kha. C tc dng dng trc, gi cho trc c v tr xc nh trong khng gian, tip nhn ti trng. V hp

 n Thit k h thng C in t Lp K44CT

Cu to: nh hnh v

Chc nng: Bo v cc chi tit bn trong hp. lm gi cho 2 trc quay.

b) Nguyn l hot ng Khi ng h thng tc ng lm ng c 1 quay. Truyn lc n a kha 1 qua trc a v then trn trc lm a kha 1 quay, ng thi lm a kha 2 quay nh then trn a kha 1 truyn lc qua then trn a kha 2 v then truyn trn a 2 truyn lc ti then truyn ca a kha 3, lm a kha 3 quay. ng thi lm a x rnh c cng tc hnh trnh quay ti thanh gt trn v hp ti v tr thun li cho thanh gt L th ng c 1 dng, ng thi cng tc hnh trnh tc ng lm ng c 2 quay ngc chiu kim ng h lm thanh gt L gt 3 rnh ca 3 a kha quay ng thi y then kha li v pha sau lm m kha kt cho ti khi then kha chm ti v tr ca cng tc hnh trnh t cui v hp lm ng c 2 dng.

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 n Thit k h thng C in t Lp K44CT

Khi mun ng kha kt, ta pht mt tn hiu lm ng c 2 quay theo chiu kim ng h. Lm thanh gt L y then kha tnh tin v pha trc cht ca kt cho ti khi thanh gt L tc ng vo cng tc hnh trnh t

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