Examples of Acid-Base Titrations I. Molecular Weight of a Weak Acid A.

Weak acid whose pKa is known

B. Weak acid whose pKa is not known

C. Procedure 1. Weigh a known amount of weak acid 2. Dissolve in water 3. Titrate to Endpoint with known concentration of strong base (NaOH) Nb 4. Determine # ml of NaOH used, Vb

#equiv of = NbVb (in l) base consumed = # equiv of acid present So Nb Vb ' Number Equv. of acid ' Number g of acid weighed out Eq. Weight of acid Solve for Equiv. Wt. Eq. Wt. ' Molecular Weight Number H % ionized

Solve for MW

II. Titration of Na2CO3 and mixtures containing Na2CO3 A. For Na2CO3 only or Na2CO3 - Na2O (Soda Ash) Na2CO3 + HCl > NaCl + NaHCO3 Phenolphthalein EP NaHCO3 + HCl > NaCl + H2CO3 Methyl Red EP ^ H2O + CO2 8
11

pH

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

10

30 ml of 0.1 M HCl

Note: Species present at phenolphthalein & methyl red endpoints

Effect of boiling

Volume to first & second equivalence point

B. Mixture of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 1. Titrate of phenolphthalein EP Determine Va Na2CO3 + HCl > NaHCO3 + H2O NaVa = # equiv HCl = # equiv of Na2CO3 = # moles Na2CO3 = MaVa # equiv Na2CO3 = # moles Na2CO3 at this EP Determine the amount Na2CO3 present in mixture
Number g Na2CO3 ' Number moles x GFWNa CO
2 3

2. Titrate To Methyl Red EP Determine Va Na2CO3 + 2 HCl -----> 2 NaCl + H2CO3 NaHCO3 + HCl -----> NaCl + H2CO3

pH
Va
Va

10

20 30 ml 0.1 M HCl

40

C. Mix of NaOH and Na2CO3 1. Titrate to phenolphthalein EPDetermine Va NaOH + HCl ----> NaCl + H2O Na2CO3 + HCl ----> NaCl + NaHCO3 2. Titrate To Methyl Red EP Determine Va NaOH + HCl ----> NaCl + H2O Na2CO3 + 2HCl -----> 2NaCl + H2CO3

pH
Va
Va

10

20 30 ml 0.1 N HCl ml 0.1 M HCl

40

50

D. Mixture of Na2CO3 - Na2O 1. Weigh Sample 2. Titrate to methyl red end point 3. Here NaVa = # equiv HCl = # equiv Na2CO3 Based upon 2 HCl + Na2CO3 ----> 2 NaCl + H2CO3
number / Na2CO3 ' number g Na2CO3 GEW

where
GEW ' GFWNa CO
2 3

Solve for #g of Na2CO3

% Na2CO3 ' number g Na2CO3 number g Sample x 100

% Na2O = 100 - % Na2CO3

III.

Kjeldahl Nitrogen DeterminationA. Prereduction 1. -NO2 nitro reduction -----------> reduction ----------->

-N=N- azo

2. -NH2
H | O 2

Amines

-N- C-

Amides

B. Digestion 1. Decomposed with hot, concentrated H2SO4

Organic C, H, N

[O] -----------> H2SO4 8 Use Hg+2, Cu+2, or Se

C. Distillation 1. Neutralize with NaOH carefully 2 OH- + NH4HSO4 ----->

2. Heat to distill the NH3

3. Collect NH3 in a receiver containing an accurately known amount of acid A. Na & Va of HCl NH3 + HCl ------> NH4Cl

B. Saturated (Na), Va of H3BO3 (will not need Na of Va with this method)

NH3 + H3BO3 ------>

4. If HCl- Use known volume of HCl of known normality A. let NH3 react

B. Titrate excess HCl with standardized NaOH NaVa = Total Equiv of HCl NbVb = # equiv of HCl Excess NaVa-NbVb = # equiv of HCl consumed by NH3

5. If saturated H3BO3 NH3 + H3BO3 NH4+ + H2BO3satd

Titrate the H2BO3- with standardized HCl H2BO3- + H+ -------> H3BO3 9 NaVa = equiv Acid HCl

# equiv of = # equiv = # equiv NH3 HCl H2BO3-