Lun vn tt nghip Trang 1

PHN I L THUYT CHNG I DN NHP

I. T VN : Ngy nay cng vi s pht trin ca cc ngnh khoa hc k thut, k thut in t mtrong l k thut s ng vai tr quan trng trong mi lnh vc khoa hc k thut, qun l, cng nghip t ng ha, cung cp thng tin. do chng ta phi nm bt v vn dng n mt cch c hiu qu nhm gp phn vo s pht trin nn khoa hc k thut th gii ni chung v trong s pht trin k thut in t ni ring. Xut pht t nhng t i thc tp tt nghip ti nh my v tham quan cc doanh nghip sn xut, chng em c thy nhiu khu c t ng ha trong qu trnh sn xut. Mt trong nhng khu n gin trong dy chuyn sn xut t ng ha l s lng sn phm lm ra c m mt cch t ng. Tuy nhin i vi nhng doanh nghip va v nh th vic t ng ha hon ton cha c p dng trong nhng khu m sn phm, ng bao b m vn cn s dng nhn cng. T nhng iu c thy v kh nng ca chng em, chng em mun lm mt iu g nh gp phn vo gip ngi lao ng bt phn mt nhc chn tay m cho php tng hiu sut lao ng ln gp nhiu ln, ng thi m bo c chnh xc cao. Nn chng em quyt nh thit k mt mch m sn phm v n rt gn gi vi thc t v n tht s rt c ngha i vi chng em v lm c mt phn nh ng gp cho x hi. lm c mch ny cn thit k c hai phn chnh l: b phn cm bin v b phn m. * B phn cm bin: gm phn pht v phn thu. Thng thng ngi ta s dng phn pht l led hng ngoi pht ra nh sng hng ngoi mc ch chng nhiu so vi cc loi nh sng khc, cn phn thu l transistor quang thu nh sng hng ngoi. * B phn m c nhiu phng php thc thi la: -Lp mch dng k thut s vi cc IC m, cht, so snh ghp li -Lp mch dng k thut vi x l -Lp mch dng k thut vi iu khin II. CHN PHNG N THIT K: 1. Vi mch m sn phm dng IC ri c: Cc u im sau: -Cho php tng hiu sut lao ng -m bo chnh xc cao -Tn s p ng ca mch nhanh, cho php m vi tn s cao -Khong cch t phn pht v phn thu xa nhau cho php m nhng sn phm ln. -Tn hao cng sut b, mch c th s dng pin hoc accu -Kh nng m rng -Gi thnh h -Mch n gin d thc hin Vi vic s dng k thut s kh c th p ng c vic thay i s m. Mun thay i mt yu cu no ca mch th buc lng phi thay i phn cng.Do mi ln phi lp li mch dn n tn km v kinh t m nhiu khi yu cu khng thc hin c bng phng php ny. Vi s pht trin mnh ca nghnh k thut s c bit l cho ra i cc h vi x l v vi iu khin rt a chc nng do vic dng k thut vi x l, k thut vi iu khin gii quyt nhng b tc v kinh t hn m phng php dng IC ri kt ni li khng thc hin c. 2. Vi mch m sn phm dng k thut vi x l: GVHD Nguyn Vit Hng

Lun vn tt nghip Trang 2 Ngoi nhng u im nh lit k trong phng php dng IC ri th mch m sn phm dng k thut vi x l cn c nhng u im sau: -Mch c th thay i s m mt cch linh hot bng vic thay i phn mm, trong khi phn cng khng cn thay i m mch dng IC ri khng th thc hin c m nu c th thc hin c th cng cng nhc m ngi cng nhn cng kh tip cn, d nhm. - S linh kin s dng trong mch t hn. -Mch n gin hn so vi mch m sn phm dng IC ri v c phn ci t s m ban u -Mch c th lu li s liu ca cc ca sn xut -Mch c th iu khin m c nhiu dy chuyn sn xut cng lc bng phn mm -Mch cng c th kt ni giao tip c vi my tnh thch hp cho nhng ngi qun l ti phng k thut nm bt c tnh hnh sn xut qua mn hnh ca my vi tnh. Nhng trong thit k ngi ta thng chn phng php ti u nhng kinh t do chng em chn phng php m sn phm dng k thut vi iu khin 3. Phng php m sn phm dng vi iu khin: Ngoi nhng u im c c ca hai phng php trn, phng php ny cn c nhng u im : -Trong mch c th s dng ngay b nh trong i vi nhng chng trnh c quy m nh, rt tin li m vi x l khng thc hin c. -N c th giao tip ni tip trc tip vi my tnh m vi x l cng giao tip c vi my tnh nhng l giao tip song song nn cn c linh kin chuyn i d liu t song song sang ni tip giao tip vi my tnh. III. MC CH YU CU CA TI: Trong n ny chng em thc hin mch m sn phm bng phng php m xung. Nh vy mi sn phm i qua trn bng chuyn phi c mt thit b cm nhn sn phm, thit b ny gi l cm bin. Khi mt sn phm i qua cm bin s nhn v to ra mt xung in a v khi x l tng dn s m. Ti mt thi im tc thi, xc nh c s m cn phi c b phn hin th. Tuy nhin mi khu vc sn xut hay mi ca sn xut li yu cu vi s m khc nhau v th phi c s linh hot trong vic chuyn i s m. B phn chuyn i trc quan nht l bn phm. Khi cn thay i s m ngi s dng ch cn nhp s m ban u vo v mch s t ng m. Khi s sn phm c m bng vi s m ban u th mch s t ng dng. T y suy ra mc ch yu cu ca ti: -S m phi chnh xc, v thay i vic ci t s m ban u mt cch linh hot. -B phn hin th phi r rng -Mch in khng qu phc tp, bo m c s an ton,d s dng. -Gi thnh khng qu mc IV. GII HN CA TI: -Cc sn phm rt a dng vi nhiu chng loi: c; rng, kch c khc nhau. Nhng vi kh nng ca thit b lp th mch ch c th m i vi sn phm c kh nng che c nh sng v c kch thc t 10cm3 n 30cm3. -m s sn phm trong mt thng phm vi thay i t 2 999. Cn s thng sn phm phm vi thay i t 19999. -Lu s sn phm, s hp sau mi ca sn xut v cho php xem s sn phm v s hp trong cc ca sn xut. T mc ch yu cu ca ti chng em a ra s khi tng qut ca mch in nh sau: GVHD Nguyn Vit Hng

Lun vn tt nghip Trang 3 V. XY DNG S KHI TNG QUT: KHI HIN TH

CM BIN

KHI X L

BN PHM

CHNG II L THUYT THIT K

I. CC KHI TRONG MCH IN: 1. Cm bin: a. Gii thiu s lc v mch cm bin: cm nhn mi ln sn phm i qua th cm bin phi c phn pht v phn thu. Phn pht pht ra nh sng hng ngoi v phn thu hp th nh sng hng ngoi v nh sng hng ngoi c c im l t b nhiu so vi cc loi nh sng khc. Hai b phn pht v thu hot ng vi cng tn s. Khi c sn phm i qua gia phn pht v phn thu, nh sng hng ngoi b che b phn thu s hot ng vi tn s khc tn s pht nh th to ra mt xung tc ng ti b phn x l. Vy b phn pht v b phn thu phi c ngun to dao ng. B phn dao ng tc ng ti cng tc ng ngt ca ngun pht v ngun thu nh sng. C nhiu linh kin pht v thu nh sng hng ngoi nhng chng em chn led hng ngoi v transitor quang l linh kin pht v thu v transistor quang l linh kin rt nhy vi nh sng hng ngoi. B phn to dao ng c th dng mch LC, cng logic, hoc IC dao ng. Vi vic s dng IC chuyn dng to dao ng, b to dao ng s tr nn n gin hn vi tn s pht v thu V tn hiu ng ra trasitor quang rt nh nn cn c mch khuych i trc khi a n b to dao ng. Chng em chn IC khuch i khuch i tn hiu ln ln. Vy s khi ca phn pht v phn thu l: KHI DAO NG KHI DAO NG

TRANSITOR THU

KHUYCH I

GVHD Nguyn Vit Hng

Lun vn tt nghip Trang 4 b. Cc linh kin trong mch cm bin: b1. Cu to, nguyn l hot ng ca led hng ngoi: _Led c cu to t GaAs vi vng cm c rng l 1.43eV tng ng bc x 900nm. Ngoi ra khi pha tp Si vi nguyn vt liu GaAlAs, rng vng cm c th thay i. Vi cch ny, ngi ta c th to ra di sng gia 800 - 900nm v do to ra s iu hng sao cho led hng ngoi pht ra bc sng thch hp nht cho im cc i ca nhy cc b thu. _Hot ng: khi mi ni p - n c phn cc thun th dng in qua ni ln v s dn in l do ht ti a s, cn khi mi ni c phn cc nghch th ch c dng r do s di chuyn ca cc ht ti thiu s. Nhng khi chiu sng vo mi ni, dng in nghch tng ln gn nh t l vi quang thng trong lc dng thun khng tng. c tuyn volt ampere ca led hng ngoi nh sau:

I(A)

=4 =3 =2 =1 =0

U(V) b2. Photon transistor. Photon Transistor cng tng t nh transistor thng thng nhng ch khc ch n khng c cc baz, thay cho tc dng khng ch ca dng vo cc baz l s khng ch ca chm sng i vi dng colector ca transitor hoc c cc baz, nhng khng ch tn hiu l nh sng. Cu to ca transistor quang _ K hiu v cu to: Cc nn B (base) Cc pht E K hiu

C Cc thu (colecter) N P N C

E B (emiter) Cu to

_Hnh thc bn ngoi ca n khc vi transistor thng thng ch trn v ca c ca s trong sut cho nh sng chiu vo. nh sng qua ca s ny chiu ln min baz ca transistor. Chuyn tip PN emitor c ch to nh cc transistor thng thng, nhng chuyn tip PN colector, th do min baz cn c chiu sng, cho nn n c nhiu hnh dng khc nhau, cng c dng hnh trn nm gia tm min baz. Khi s dng transistor GVHD Nguyn Vit Hng

Lun vn tt nghip Trang 5 quang mc mch tng t nh transistor mc chung emitor (CE). Chuyn tip emitor c phn cc thun cn chuyn tip colector c phn cc nghch. C ngha l transistor quang c phn cc ch khuych i. Dng in trong transistor: V ni thu c phn cc nghch nn c dng r Ico chy gia thu nn v v ni nn pht c phn cc thun nn dng thu l ( + 1)Ico y l dng ti ca quang transistor. Khi chiu nh sng vo min baz, trong min baz c s pht x cp in t l trng lm xut hin dng IL. Do nh sng khin dng thu tr thnh: Ic = ( + 1) .(Ico + IL)

c tuyn ca transistor quang

I(A)

H=9 H=7 H=5 H=4 H=1 5 10 1 15 20 U(V)

8 6 4 2 0

Trong H l mt chiu sng (mW/cm2 ) c tuyn ca transistor quang cng ging nh c tuyn Volt- ampere ca transistor thng thng mc EC. iu khc nhau y l cc tham s khng phi l dng Ib m l lng chiu sng c tuyn Volt ampere ca transistor quang ng vi khong Uce nh cng c th gi l min bo ha v khi y do s tch t in tch c th coi nh chuyn tip colector c phn cc thun. Cng tng t nh trong trng hp transistor thng thung, dc c tuyn trong min khuych i.

GVHD Nguyn Vit Hng

Lun vn tt nghip Trang 6 b3. IC dao ng 555 S chn:

GND TRI OUT THR RES VCC DIS

CN

5 2
FLIP FLOP

S khi bn trong IC 555

OUTPUT

Chc nng ca cc chn y l vi mch nh thi chuyn dng, c th mc thnh dng mch n n hay bt n. in p cung cp t 3V n 18V. Dng in ra n 200mA (loi vi mch BJT) hay 100mA (loi CMOS). Chn 1: Ni vi masse. Chn 2: Nhn tn hiu kch thch (trigger). Chn 3: Tn hiu ra (output). Chn 4: Phc nguyn v trng thi ban u (preset). Chn 5: Nhn in p iu khin (control voltag). Chn 6: Mc ngng ( threshold ). Chn 7: To ng phng in cho t. Chn 8: Cp ngun Vcc. * IC khuych i LM 324 ( QUAD OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER).
14 13 12 11 10

8
4

GND

1+

+3 30V
3 4

+2

1 7

LM 324 IC c 4 tng khuch i thut ton, IC lm vic vi loi ngun n. li trn 100dB, tuy nhin bng thng hp hn LM 3900. Ch : khng ng ra chm vo ngun V+ hay chm thng vo masse, iu ny s lm h IC. IC 567 (TONE DECODER): IC 567 B gii m m sc. GVHD Nguyn Vit Hng

Lun vn tt nghip Trang 7 IC cha mt vng kha pha. Khi tn s ph hp vi tn s trung tm th chn 8 c mc p thp. Do tn hiu t transistor qua tng khuych i a n ng vo ca IC 567. Tn s hin nay c xc lp theo mch nh thi R v C hay 1,1/(RC). R ly khong 2K n 20K. 567 c th tch d tn s ng vo t 0,01Hz n 500KHz.

1 2 T ng ra T l c 567 thngthp 3 Ngvo +4,75-9,0V 4 Ghi ch: cc ng vo trong mch lc thp qua tnh theo Ng ra 8 GND 7 T nh thi 6 in tr nh thi 5

F s c xc nh bi n/F0. Trong n trong khong 1300 n 62000. T ng ra ly tr s gp i t trong mch lc thp qua ng vo. 2. Khi x l: Vi khi x l ngi ta c th dng IC ri hoc khi vi x l. Nu s dng vi x l trong khi x l, ngi ta c th thit k mch in giao tip c vi my tnh nn d dng cho vic iu khin t xa v bng vic thay i phn mm c th m rng chng trnh iu khin mch in m nhiu dy chuyn trong cng mt thi im hay lu li cc s liu trong cc ca sn xut, l l do chng em s dng vi x l trong khi x l. Cng vi thi gian, con ngi cho ra i nhiu loi vi x l t 8 bit n 64 bit vi ci tin ngy cng u vit nhng ty theo mc ch s dng m vi x l 8 bit vn cn tn ti. Trong n ny chng em s dng vi iu khin 8051. 8051 cng l vi x l 8 bit nhng c cha b nh bn trong v c thm 2 b nh thi ngoi ra n c th giao tip ni tip trc tip vi my tnh m vi x l 8 bit nh 8085 cng giao tip c vi my tnh nhng l giao tip song song nn cn c IC chuyn i d liu t song song sang ni tip giao tip vi my tnh. Vi b nh trong 8051 thch hp cho nhng chng trnh c quy m nh,tuy nhin 8051 c th kt hp c vi b nh ngoi cho chng trnh c quy m ln. Sau y l gii thiu ca chng em v vi iu khin 8051: a. Gii thiu cu trc phn cng 8051 a1. S chn 8051 8051 l IC vi iu khin (Microcontroller) do hng Intel sn xut. IC ny c c im nh sau: - 4k byte ROM,128 byte RAM - 4 Port I/O 8 bit. - 2 b m/ nh thi 16 bit. - Giao tip ni tip. - 64k byte khng gian b nh chng trnh m rng. - 64k byte khng gian b nh d liu m rng. - Mt b x l lun l (thao tc trn cc bt n). - 210 bit c a ch ha. - B nhn / chia 4. S lc v cc chn ca 8051:

GVHD Nguyn Vit Hng

Lun vn tt nghip Trang 8 a2. Chc nng ca cc chn 8051: Port 0: t chn 32 n chn 39 (P0.0 _P0.7). Port 0 c 2 chc nng: trong cc thit k c nh khng dng b nh m rng n c chc nng nh cc ng IO, i vi thit k ln c b nh m rng n c kt hp gia bus a ch v bus d liu. Port 1: t chn 1 n chn 9 (P1.0 _ P1.7). Port 1 l port IO dng cho giao tip vi thit b ngoi nu cn. Port 2: t chn 21 n chn 28 (P2.0 _P2.7). Port 2 l mt port c tc dng kp dng nh cc ng xut nhp hoc l byte cao ca bus a ch i vi cc thit b dng b nh m rng. Port 3: t chn 10 n chn 17 (P3.0 _ P3.7). Port 3 l port c tc dng kp. Cc chn ca port ny c nhiu chc nng, c cng dng chuyn i c lin h n cc c tnh c bit ca 8051 nh bng sau : Bit Tn Chc n ng chuyn i P3.0 RXD Ng vo d liu ni tip. P3.1 TXD Ng xut d liu ni tip. P3.2 INT0\ Ng vo ngt cng th 0. P3.3 INT1\ Ng vo ngt cng th 1. P3.4 T0 Ng vo TIMER/ COUNTER th 0. P3.5 T1 Ng vo ca TIMER/ COUNTER th 1. P3.6 WR\ Tn hiu ghi d liu ln b nh ngoi. P3.7 RD\ Tn hiu c b nh d liu ngoi. PSEN (Program store enable): PSEN l tn hiu ng ra c tc dng cho php c b nh chng trnh m rng v thng c ni n chn OE\ ca Eprom cho php c cc byte m lnh. PSEN mc thp trong thi gian 8051 ly lnh. Cc m lnh ca chng trnh c c t Eprom qua bus d liu, c cht vo thanh ghi lnh bn trong 8051 gii m lnh. Khi 8051 thi hnh chng trnh trong ROM ni PSEN mc cao. ALE (Address Latch Enable): Khi 8051 truy xut b nh bn ngoi, Port 0 c chc nng l bus a ch v d liu do phi tch cc ng d liu v a ch. Tn hiu ra ALE chn th 30 dng lm tn hiu iu khin gii a hp cc ng a ch v d liu khi kt ni chng vi IC cht. Tn hiu chn ALE l mt xung trong khong thi gian port 0 ng vai tr l a ch thp nn cht a ch hon ton t ng. EA\ (External Access): Tn hiu vo EA\ chn 31 thng c mc ln mc 1 hoc mc 0. Nu mc 1, 8051 thi hnh chng trnh t ROM ni. Nu mc 0, 8051 thi hnh chng trnh t b nh m rng. Chn EA\ c ly lm chn cp ngun 21V khi lp trnh cho Eprom trong 8051. RST (Reset): Khi ng vo tn hiu ny a ln mc cao t nht 2 chu k my, cc thanh ghi bn trong c np nhng gi tr thch hp khi ng h thng. Khi cp in mch phi t ng reset. Cc ng vo b dao ng X1, X2: B to dao ng c tch hp bn trong 8051. Khi s dng 8051, ngi ta ch cn ni thm t thch anh v cc t. Tn s t thch anh thng l 12 Mh b. Cu trc bn trong ca 8051 b1. S khi bn trong 8051:

GVHD Nguyn Vit Hng

Lun vn tt nghip Trang 9 INT1 INT0 Timer 2 Timer 1

Timer 0 Port ni tip

iu khin ngt

Cc thanh

ghi khc

128 byte RAM

MRO ni

Timer 2Timer 1Timer 0

T2 EX TE RN T1 AL T0

CPU

Oscillator EA

iu khin bus

Cc port I/O

Port ni tip

RST PSEN ALE P0 P2 P1 P3 TxD RxD

b2. Kho st cc khi nh bn trong 8051:

GVHD Nguyn Vit Hng

Lun vn tt nghip Trang 10 *T chc b nh:

7F RAM A DNG 30
2F 2E 2D 2C 2B 2A 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 1F 18 17 BANK 2 10 0F BANK 1 08 07 Bank thanh ghi 0 ( mc nh cho R0-R7) 00 7F 77 6F 67 5F 57 4F 47 3F 37 2F 27 1F 17 0F 07 7E 76 6E 66 5E 56 4E 46 3E 36 2E 26 1E 16 0E 06 7D 75 6D 65 5D 55 4D 45 3D 35 2D 25 1D 15 0D 05 7C 74 6C 64 5C 54 4C 44 3C 34 2C 24 1C 14 0C 04 BANK 3 7B 73 6B 63 5B 53 4B 43 3B 33 2B 23 1B 13 0B 03 7A 72 6A 62 5A 52 4A 42 3A 32 2A 22 1A 12 0A 02 79 71 69 61 59 51 49 41 39 31 29 21 19 11 09 01 78 70 68 60 58 50 48 40 38 30 28 20 18 10 08 00

F0 E0 D0 B8 B0 A8 A0 99 98 90 8D 8C 8B 8A 89 88 87 83 82 81 80

F7 E7 D7 B7 AF A7

F6 E6 D6 B6 AE A6

F5 E5 6D B5

F4 E4 6C BC B4

F3 E3 6B BB B3

F2 E2 6A

F1 E1 69

F0 E0 68 B8 B0 A8 A0 98 90

BA B9 B2 B1

AD AC AB AA A9 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 99 91

Khng c a ch ha tng bit 9F 9E 9D 9C 9B 9A 97 96 95 94 93 92

Khng c a ch ha tng bit Khng c a ch ha tng bit Khng c a ch ha tng bit Khng c a ch ha tng bit Khng c a ch ha tng bit 8F 8 8D 8C 8B 8A E Khng c a ch ha tng bit Khng c a ch ha tng bit Khng c a ch ha tng bit Khng c a ch ha tng bit 87 86 8 84 83 82 5

89

88

81

80

CU TRC RAM NI

THANH GHI CHC NNG C BIT

B nh bn trong 8051 bao gm ROM v RAM. RAM bao gm nhiu thnh phn: phn lu tr a dng, phn lu tr a ch ha tng bit, cc bank thanh ghi v cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit. 8051 c b nh theo cu trc Harvard: c nhng vng nh ring bit cho chng trnh v d liu. Chng trnh v d liu c th cha bn trong 8051 nhng 8051 vn c th kt ni vi 64 k byte b nh chng trnh v 64 k byte b nh d liu m rng. GVHD Nguyn Vit Hng

Lun vn tt nghip Trang 11 Ram bn trong 8051 c phn chia nh sau: Cc bank thanh ghi c a ch t 00H n 1Fh. Ram a ch ha tng bit c a ch t 20H n 2FH. Ram a dng t 30H n 7FH. Cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit t 80H n FFH. -Ram a dng: Mi a ch trong vng ram a dng u c th c truy xut t do dng kiu a ch trc tip hay gin tip. V d c ni dung nh a ch 5FH ca ram ni vo thanh ghi tch ly A : MOV A,5FH. Hoc truy xut dng cch a ch gin tip qua R0 hay R1. V d 2 lnh sau s thi hnh cng nhim v nh lnh trn: MOV R0, #5FH MOV A , @R0 -Ram c th truy xut tng bit: 8051 cha 210 bit c a ch ha tng bit, trong 128 bit cha cc byte c a ch t 20H n 2FH, cc bit cn li cha trong nhm thanh ghi chc nng c bit. tng truy xut tng bit bng phn mm l mt c tnh mnh ca vi iu khin ni chung. Cc bit c th c t, xa, and, or, vi 1 lnh n. Ngoi ra cc port cng c th truy xut c tng bt lm n gin phn mm xut nhp tng bit. V d t bit 67H ta dng lnh sau: SETB 67H. -Cc bank thanh ghi: B lnh 8051 h tr 8 thanh ghi c tn l R0 n R7 v theo mc nh (sau khi reset h thng), cc thanh ghi ny cc a ch 00H n 07H. lnh sau y s c ni dung a ch 05H vo thanh ghi tch ly: MOV A, R5. y l lnh 1 byte dng a ch thanh ghi. Tuy nhin c th thi hnh bng lnh 2 byte dng a ch trc tip nm trong byte th 2: MOV A, 05H. Lnh dng cc thanh ghi R0 n R7 th s ngn hn v nhanh hn nhiu so vi lnh tng ng dng a ch trc tip. Bank thanh ghi tch cc bng cch thay i cc bit trong t trng thi chng trnh (PSW). Gi s thanh ghi th 3 ang c truy xut, lnh sau y s di chuyn ni dung ca thanh ghi A vo nh ram c a ch 18H: MOV R0, A. * Cc thanh ghi c chc nng c bit: 8051 c 21 thanh ghi chc nng c bit (SFR: Special Funtion Register) vng trn ca RAM ni t a ch 80H n FFH. Ch : tt c 128 a ch t 80H n FFH khng c nh ngha, ch c 21 thanh ghi chc nng c bit c nh ngha sn cc a ch. -Thanh ghi trng thi chng trnh: Thanh ghi trng thi chng trnh PSW (Program Status Word ) a ch DOH cha cc bt trng thi nh bng sau: Bit K hiu a ch ngha

GVHD Nguyn Vit Hng

Lun vn tt nghip Trang 12 PSW.7 PSW.6 PSW.5 PSW.4 PSW.3 CY AC F0 RS1 RS0 D7H D6H D5H D4H D3H C nh C nh ph C 0 Bit 1 chn bank thanh ghi Bit 0 chn bank thanh ghi 00=bank 0: a ch 00H 07H 01=bank 1: a ch 08H 0FH 10=bank 2: a ch 10H 1FH 11=bank 3: a ch 18H 1FH C trn D tr C parity chn l.

PSW.2 PSW.1 PSW.0

0V _ P

D2H D1H D0H

+ C nh: C = 1 nu php ton cng c trn hoc php ton tr c mn v ngc li C = 0. V d nu thanh ghi A c gi tr FF th lnh sau: ADD A, #1 Php cng ny c trn nn bit C = 1 v kt qu trong thanh ghi A = 00H C nh c th xem l thanh ghi 1 bit cho cc lnh lun l thi hnh trn bit. ANL C, 25H + C nh ph: Khi cng cc s BCD, c nh ph AC = 1 nu kt qu 4 bit thp trong khong 0AH n 0FH. Ngc li AC = 0. + C 0: C 0 l mt bit c a dng dnh cho cc ng dng ca ngi dng. + Cc bit chn bankthanh ghi truy xut: Cc bit chn bank thanh ghi (RS0 v RS1) xc nh bank thanh ghi c truy xut. Chng c xa sau khi reset h thng v c thay i bng phn mm nu cn. V d lnh sau cho php bank thanh ghi 3 v di chuyn ni dung ca bank thanh ghi R7 (a ch bye 1FH) vo thanh ghi A: SETB RS1 SETB RS0 MOV A,R7 -Thanh ghi B: Thanh ghi B a ch F0H c dng cng vi thanh ghi tch ly A cho cc php ton nhn v chia. Lnh MUL AB s nhn cc gi tr khng du 8 bit trong A v B ri tr kt qu v 16 bit trong A (byte thp) v B (byte cao). Lnh DIV AB s chia A cho B ri tr kt qu nguyn trong A v phn d trong B. thanh ghi cng c th xem nh thanh ghi m a dng. -Con tr ngn xp: Con tr ngn xp SP l mt thanh ghi 8 bit a ch 18H. N cha a ch ca byte d liu hin hnh trn nh ca ngn xp. Cc lnh trn ngn xp bao gm cc lnh ct d liu vo ngn xp v ly d liu ra khi ngn xp. Lnh ct d liu vo ngn xp s lm tng SP trc khi ghi d liu v lnh ly d liu ra khi ngn xp s lm gim SP. Ngn xp ca 8051 c gi trong ram ni v gii hn cc a ch c th truy xut bng a ch gin tip, chng l 128 byte u ca 8051 khi ng SP vi ngn xp bt u ti a ch 60 H, cc lnh sau y c dng: MOV SP,#5FH GVHD Nguyn Vit Hng

Lun vn tt nghip Trang 13 Khi reset 8051, SP s mang gi tr mc nh l 07H v d liu u tin s c ct vo nh ngn xp c a ch l 08 H. Ngn xp c truy xut trc tip bng cc lnh PUSH v POP lu tr tm thi v ly li d liu hoc truy xut ngm bng lnh gi chng trnh con ACALL,LCALL v cc lnh tr v (RET. RETI) lu tr gi tr ca b m chng trnh khi bt u thc hin chng trnh con v ly li khi kt thc chng trnh con. -Con tr d liu Con tr d liu DPTR c dng truy xut b nh ngoi l mt thanh ghi 16 bit a ch 82H (DPL: byte thp) v 83H (DPH: byte cao). 3 lnh sau s ghi 55H vo ram ngoi a ch 1000H: MOV A,#55H MOV DPTR, #1000H MOVX @DPTR,A -Cc thanh ghi port xut nhp: Cc port ca 8051 bao gm port 0 a ch 80H, port 1 a ch 90H, port 2 a ch A0H, v port3 a ch B0H. tt c cc port ny u c th truy xut tng bit nn rt thun tin trong kh nng giao tip. -Cc thanh ghi timer: 8051 c cha 2 b nh thi/ m 16 bit c dng cho vic nh thi hoc m s kin. Timer 0 a ch 8AH (TL0: byte thp) v 8CH (TH0: byte cao). Timer 1 a ch 8BH (TL1: byte thp) v 8DH (TH1: byte cao). Vic khi ng timer c Set bi Timer Mode (TMOD) a ch 89H v thanh ghi iu khin timer (TCON) a ch 88H, ch c TCON c a ch ha tng bit. -Cc thanh ghi port ni tip: 8051 cha mt port ni tip dnh cho vic trao i thng tin vi cc thit b ni tip nh my tnh, modem hoc giao tip ni tip vi cc IC khc. Mt thanh ghi gi l b m d liu ni tip (SBUF) a ch 99H s gi c 2 d liu truyn v d liu nhn. Khi truyn d liu th ghi ln SBUF, khi nhn d liu th c SBUF. Cc mode vn hnh khc nhau c lp trnh qua thanh ghi iu khin port ni tip SCON a ch 98H. -Cc thanh ghi ngt: 8051 c cu trc 5 ngun ngt, 2 mc u tin. Cc ngt b cm sau khi reset h thng v s c cho php bng vic ghi thanh ghi cho php ngt (IE) a ch A8H, c 2 thanh ghi c a ch ha tng bit. -Thanh ghi iu khin cng sut: Thanh ghi iu khin cng sut (PCON) a ch 87H cha cc bit iu khin. -Tn hiu Reset: 8051 c ng vo reset RST tc ng mc cao trong khong thi gian 2 chu k, sau xung mc thp 8051 bt u lm vic. RST c th kch bng tay bng mt phm nhn thng m, s mch reset nh hnh trn (hnh a) sau khi reset h thng c tm tt nh sau: Thanh ghi Ni dung

GVHD Nguyn Vit Hng

Lun vn tt nghip Trang 14 m chng trnh PC Thanhghi tch ly A Thanh ghi B Thanh ghi trng thi SP DPTR Port 0 n Port 3 IP IE Cc thanh ghi nh thi 0000H 00H 00H 00H 07H 0000H FFH XXX0000 B 0XX00000 B 00H

Thanh ghi quan trng nht l thanh ghi b m chng trnh PC c Reset ti a ch 0000H. Khi ng vo RST xung mc thp, chng trnh lun bt u ti a ch 0000H ca b nh chng trnh. Ni dung ca Ram trong chip khng b hay i bi tc ng ca ng vo Reset c.Hot ng thanh ghi TIMER 8051 c hai timer 16 bit, mi timer c bn cch lm vic. Ngi ta s dng cc timer : nh khong thi gian. m s kin. To tc baud cho port ni tip trong 8051.

Trong cc ng dng nh khong thi gian, ngi ta lp trnh timer nhng khong u n v t c trn timer. C c dng ng b ha chng trnh thc hin mt tc ng nh kim tra trng thi ca cc ng vo hoc gi s kin ra cc ngra. Cc ng dng khc c th s dng vic to xung nhp u n ca timer o thi gian tri qua gia hai s kin (v d o rng xung ). Truy xut cc timer ca 8051 dng su thanh ghi chc nng c bit cho trong bng sau:

SFR TCON TMOD TL0 TL1 TH0

Mc ch iu khin Timer Ch Timer Byte thp ca Timer 0 Byte thp ca Timer 1 Byte cao ca Timer 0

a ch 88H 89H 90H 91H 92H

a ch ha tng bit C Khng Khng Khng Khng

GVHD Nguyn Vit Hng

Lun vn tt nghip Trang 15 TH1 Byte cao ca Timer 1 93H Khng

Cc thanh ghi chc nng ca timer trong 8031. Thanh ghi ch timer (TMOD): Thanh ghi TMOD cha hai nhm 4 bit dng t ch lm vic cho Timer 0, v Timer 1. Bit 7 6 Tn GATE C/T Timer 1 1 M t Bit m cng, khi ln 1 timer ch chy khi INT1 mc cao Bit chn ch Count/Timer 1 = b m s kin 0 = b nh khong thi gian Bit 1 ca ch mode Bit 0 ca ch mode Bit m cng, khi ln 1 timer ch chy khi INT0 mc cao Bit chn ch Count/Timer Bit 1 ca ch mode Bit 0 ca ch mode Tm tt thanh ghi chc nng TMOD. Thanh ghi iu khin timer(TCON) Thanh ghi TCON cha cc bit trng thi v cc bit iu khin cho Timer 1, Timer 0. Bit TCON.7 K hiu TF1 a ch 8FH M t C bo trn timer 1. t bi phn cng khi trn, c xa bi phn mm, hoc phn cng khi b x l ch n chng trnh phc v ngt. Bit iu khin timer 1 chy t xa bng phn mm cho timer chy ngng. C bo trn Timer 0. Bit iu khin Timer 0 chy C cnh ngt 1 bn ngoi. t bi phn cng khi pht hin mt cnh xung INT1 xa bng phn

5 4 3 2 1 0

M1 M0 GATE C/T M1 M0

1 1 0 0 0 0

TCON.6 TCON.5 TCON.4 TCON.3

TR1 TF0 TR0 IE1

8EH 8DH 8CH 8BH

GVHD Nguyn Vit Hng

Lun vn tt nghip Trang 16 mm hc phn cng khi CPU ch n chng trnh phc v ngt. TCON.2 TCON.1 TCON.0 IT1 IE0 IT0 8AH 89H 88h C kiu ngt 1 bn ngoi. t xa bng phn mm ngt ngoi tch cc cnh xung /mc thp. C cnh ngt 0 bn ngai C kiu ngt 0 bn ngoi

Tm tt thanh ghi chc nng TCON Khi ng v truy xut thanh ghi timer: Thng thng cc thanh ghi c khi ng mt ln u chng trnh t ch lm vic ng. Sau , trong thn chng trnh, cc thanh ghi timer c cho chy, dng, cc bit c kim tra v xa, cc thanh ghi timer c c v cp nht. theo i hi cc ng dng. TMOD l thanh ghi th nht c khi ng v n t ch hot ng. V d, cc lnh sau khi ng Timer 1 nh timer 16 bit (ch 1) c xung nhp t b dao ng tn chip cho vic nh khong thi gian: MOV TMOD, #1B Lnh ny s t M1 = 1 v M0 = 0 cho ch 1, C/ T= 0 v GATE = 0 cho xung nhp ni v xa cc bit ch Timer 0. D nhin, timer khng tht s bt u nh thi cho n khi bit iu khin chy TR1 c t ln 1. Nu cn s m ban u, cc thanh ghi TL1/TH1 cng phi c khi ng. Mt khong 100s c th c khi ng bng cch khi ng gi tr cho TH1/TL1 l FF9CH: MOV TL1, #9CH MOV TH1, #0FFH Ri timer c cho chy bng cch t bit iu khin chy nh sau: SETB TR1 C bo trn c t ng t ln 1 sau 100s. Phn mm c th i trong 100 s bng cch dng lnh r nhnh c iu kin nhy n chnh n trong khi c bo trn cha c t ln 1: WAIT: JNB TF1, WAIT Khi timer trn, cn dng timer v xa c bo trn trong phn mm: CLR TR1 CLR TF1 d. Ngt ( INTERRUPT) Mt ngt l s xy ra mt iu kin, mt s kin m n gy ra treo tm thi thi chng trnh chnh trong khi iu kin c phc v bi mt chng trnh khc. Cc ngt ng mt vai tr quan trng trong thit k v ci t cc ng dng vi iu khin. Chng cho php h thng p ng bt ng b vi mt s kin v gii quyt s kin trong khi mt chng trnh khc ang thc thi. T chc ngt ca 8051: C 5 ngun ngt 8031: 2 ngt ngoi, 2 ngt t timer v 1 ngt port ni tip. Tt c cc ngt theo mc nhin u b cm sau khi reset h thng v c cho php tng ci mt bng phn mm. GVHD Nguyn Vit Hng

Lun vn tt nghip Trang 17 Khi c hai hoc nhiu ngt ng thi, hoc mt ngt xy ra khi mt ngt khc ang c phc v, c c hai s tun t hi vng v s u tin hai mc dng xc nh vic thc hin cc ngt. Vic hi vng tun t th c nh nhng u tin ngt th c th lp trnh c. - Cho php v cm ngt : Mi ngun ngt c cho php hoc cm ngt qua mt thanh ghi chc nng t bit c nh a ch bit IE ( Interrupt Enable : cho php ngt ) a ch A8H.

Bit IE.7 IE.6 IE.5 IE.4 IE.3 IE.2 IE.1 IE.0

K hiu EA _ ET2 ES ET1 EX1 ET0 EX0

a ch bit AFH AEH ADH ACH ABH AAH A9H A8H

M t Cho php / Cm ton b Khng c m t Cho php ngt t Timer 2 (8052) Cho php ngt port ni tip Cho php ngt t Timer 1 Cho php ngt ngoi 1 Cho php ngt t Timer 0 Cho php ngt ngoi 0

Tm tt thanh ghi IE - Cc c ngt : Khi iu kin ngt xy ra th ng vi tng loi ngt m loi c c t ln mt xc nhn ngt. Ngt Bn ngoi 0 Bn ngoi 1 Timer 1 Timer 0 GVHD Nguyn Vit Hng C IE0 IE1 TF1 TF0 Thanh ghi SFR v v tr bit TCON.1 TCON.3 TCON.7 TCON.5

Lun vn tt nghip Trang 18 Port ni tip Port ni tip TI RI Cc lai c ngt - Cc vect ngt : Khi chp nhn ngt, gi tr c np vo PC c gi l vector ngt. N l a ch bt u ca ISR cho ngun to ngt, cc vector ngt c cho bng sau : SCON.1 SCON.0

Ngt Reset h thng Bn ngoi 0 Timer 0 Bn ngoi 1 Timer 1 Port ni tip Timer 2

C RST IE0 TF0 IE1 TF1 TI v RI

a ch vector 0000H 0003H 000BH 0013H 001BH 0023H 002BH

Vector reset h thng (RST a ch 0000H) c trong bng ny v theo ngha ny, n ging ngt : n ngt chng trnh chnh v np cho PC gi tr mi. e. Kt hp 8051 vi b nh ngoi Vi x l (Microprocessor) l IC chuyn dng v x l d liu, iu khin theo mt chng trnh, mun Microprocessor thc hin mt cng vic g ngi s dng phi lp trnh hay vit chng trnh. Chng trnh phi l tr u Microprocessor nhn lnh v thi hnh, i khi trong lc x l chng trnh Microprocessor cn ni l tr tm thi cc d liu sau ly ra tip tc x l. Ni lu tr chng trnh cho Microprocessor thc hin v ni lu tr tm thi d liu chnh l b nh. Cc b nh ca Microprcessor l cc IC, cc IC nh ny c th c d liu ra, ghi d liu vo hoc ch c d liu ra. i khi b nh ca Microprocessor khng lu tr nhng thng tin cn thit khi chy chng trnh, khi phi dng k thut m rng b nh. 8051 c kh nng m rng b nh n 64k byte b nh chng trnh v 64k byte b nh d liu bn ngoi. B nh chng trnh l b nh Rom cn b nh d liu l b nh Ram. _ B nh Ram chia ra lm 2 loi Sram v Dram. Dram c ch to dng k thut MOS, c dung lng b nh ln, cng xut tiu tn thp v tc hot ng trung bnh. Sram d liu lu tr vo cc Flip- Flop cn Dram d liu lu tr mc 0 v 1 tng ng GVHD Nguyn Vit Hng

Lun vn tt nghip Trang 19 vi qu trnh np v x ca mt t in khong vi pF. Bi v in p ca t s suy gim dn do Dram i hi chu k np li nu khng mun mt d liu v c gi l qu trnh lm ti Ram, y chnh l khuyt im ca Dram so vi Sram. B nh Rom c nhiu loi: PROM, EPROM, EEPROM nhng EPROM c th lp trnh bi ngi dng, c th xa v lp trnh li nhiu ln nn trong n ny chng em dng EPROM 2764 v dng SRAM 6264. c im, s chn v bng s tht ca 2764 v 6264 hnh di y SRAM 6264: l b nh c ch to theo cng ngh CMOS, c dung lng 65536 bit c t chc thnh 8192x8 bit (8KByte), in p cung cp l +5V, thi gian truy cp khong 150ns. Ng vo/ra d liu c dng chung, cc ng vo/ra ny tng thch TTL. Cng sut tiu tn trng thi ch rt thp ch khong 0,1mW so vi khi hot ng bnh thng l 200mW. S chn v s logic ca 6264 nh sau:
N.C A12 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 DQ0 DQ1 DQ2 Vss Vcc WE\ CE2 A8 A9 A11 OE\ A10 CE1\ DQ7 DQ6 DQ5 DQ4 DQ3

A0-A12 CE1\ CE2 OE\ CE1\WE\ 2 CE H x x L L H L L H H

6264
Mode \ Pin Not Select Output Disable Read Write

6264
OE\ x x H L H Output Hi-Z Hi-Z Dout Din

DQ0-DQ7

WE\ x x H H L

T s chn cho ta thy c chn c chia thnh 4 nhm: + Vcc, GND : chn ngun + Do n D7 : chn d liu + Ao n A12 : chn a ch + WE, OE, CS1, CS2 : chn iu khin EPROM 2764: l b nh ch c c ch to theo cng ngh NMOS, dng mt ngun n +5V, dung lng b nh l 65536 bit, c t chc thnh 8192x8 bit (8KByte). 2764 l loi EPROM c th xa bng tia cc tm v c th ghi li c nhiu ln. C hai V kiu hat ng: bnh thng v ch. trng thi ch, cng sut tiu th l 132mW so vi Vcc PGM\ 525mW khi Atrng thi c d liu, thi gian truy xut l 200ns. S chn v s A N.C logic ca 2764 A sau: nh A A0-A12
pp 12 7 6

GVHD Nguyn Vit Hng

A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 O0 O1 O2 GND

2764

A9 A11 OE\ A10 CE\ O7 O6 O5 O4 O3

D0-D7 CE\ OE\ VPP

2764

Lun vn tt nghip Trang 20

Mode (ch ) c Ch Lp trnh Kim tra Cm lp trnh

CE\ L H L L H

OE\ L x x L x

PGM\ H x L H x

VPP Vcc Vcc Vpp Vpp Vpp

Ra (Output) Dout Hi-Z Din Do ut Hi-Z

Bng trng thi - EPROM c th c lp bi ngi lp trnh s dng v n cng c th xa lp trnh li khi no mun. -EPROM dng trong mch c cha sn chng trnh iu khin, tc l ch xut Data mi khi CPU tham kho n, do ta ch quan tm n ch c v ch. Da vo cc Mode hot ng trn th EPROM c iu khin cc chn sau: - PGM = 5 Volt (Vcc ) - OE\ ni chn PSEN ca CPU - CE\ ni xung CSO + Ch c (Read Mode ): Ch ny c thit lp khi CE\ v OE\ mc thp, PGM mc cao. C hai ng vo iu khin dng truy xut Data t ROM l CE\ v OE\ dng kim sot ng ra Data, a Data ln Data bus. + Ch ch (Stanby Mode ): Ch ny lm gim cng sut tiu th c thit lp khi CE\ mc cao, ch ny Data trng thi tr khng cao c lp. *Gii m a ch: Do 8051 thit k cn qun l nhiu thit b ngoi vi, nhiu nh, mun lm c vic ny ngi ta phi cung cp cho mi nh v thit b ngoi vi tm a ch cho thit b . V vy cn c mch gii m a ch trong mch in. Ngi ta thng dng IC gii m 74HC138 vi cc ng ra c ni ti cc ng vo chn chip (CS\) trn cc IC nh. Sau y l s chn, bng s tht v c im ca 74138:

A B C G2A G2B G1 Y7 GND

7413 8

GVHD Nguyn Vit Hng

Vcc Y0 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6

A B C

G2A\ G2B G1 S chn

7413 8

Y0 ...Y7

Lun vn tt nghip Trang 21

INPUTS ENABLE SELECT G1 G2 C B A x H x x x L x x x x H L L L L H L L L H H L L H L H L L H H H L H L L H L H L H H L H H L H L H H H G2 = G2A + G2

OUTPUTS Y0 H H L H H H H H H H Y1 H H H L H H H H H H Y2 H H H H L H H H H H Y3 H H H H H L H H H H Y4 H H H H H H L H H H Y5 H H H H H H H L H H Y6 H H H H H H H H L H Y7 H H H H H H H H H L

Bng trng thi

s lc v cc chn: - Ng vo A,B,C l cc chn ng vo s nh phn 3 bit. C l bit c trng s ln nht, A l bit c trng s nh nht - Cc chn ng ra: Yo Y7, tch cc mc thp. - Cc chn iu khin: G1,G2A, G2B. IC ch hot ng gii m khi cc chn iu khin ng thi tch cc. G1 tch cc mc cao; G2A\ v G2B\ tch cc mc thp Khi mt trong 3 chn ny khng tch cc cc ng ra t Yo Y7 mc cao. *Gii a hp cc ng d liu v ng a ch: Khi dng b nh ngoi, port 0 khng cn l port IO thun ty. N c kt hp gia bus a ch v bus d liu nn dng tn hiu ALE v IC cht cht byte thp ca bus a ch khi bt u mi chu k b nh. Port2 cho byte cao ca bus a ch. y chng em dng IC cht 74373. S chn, c im v bng trng thi ca 74373
OE\ D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 GND Vcc Q0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 G

D0-D7
OC \ G

7437 3

7437 3

Q0-Q7

S chn

Bng trng thi GVHD Nguyn Vit Hng

Lun vn tt nghip Trang 22 Output Control (OC) L L L H c im _ 74LS373 gm 8 D-FF c ng ra 3 trng thi c iu khin cht v xut d liu bng chn G v OC. Trong ng dng ny chn G c ni vi chn ALE ca 8051, chn OC ni mass. _ l IC cht 8 bit _ Cc b m ng ra 3 trng thi _ Tn hiu iu khin ng ra 3 trng thi chung. *Xp chng cc vng nh chng trnh v d liu bn ngoi: V b nh chng trnh l Rom nn xy ra vn bt tin khi pht trin phn mm cho 8051 l t chc b nh nh th no c th sa i chng trnh v c th ghi tr li khi n c cha trong b nh Rom. Cch gii quyt l xp chng cc vng d liu v chng trnh. Mt b nh Ram c th cha c chng trnh v d liu bng cch ni ng OE\ ca Ram n ng ra cng AND c 2 ng vo l PSEN\ v RD\. S mch nh hnh sau cho php b nh Ram c 2 chc nng va l b nh chng trnh va l b nh d liu. Vy 1 chng trnh c th c ti vo Ram (bng cch ghi n nh b nh d liu) v thi hnh chng trnh (bng cch truy xut n nh b nh chng trnh) WR WR RAM Enable G H H L x D H L x x OUTPUT H L Q0 HI-Z

OE\ RD PSEN 3. Khi hin th: a.S khi ca mch hin th: Bo phn hin th gm 8 led 7 on anod chung. V cc vi x l x l cc d liu l s nh phn (1,0 ) nn cn c s gii m t s nh phn sang s thp phn. S gii m c th dng gii m bng phn cng (IC gii m). Tuy nhin vi phn mm qut led ngi ta c th gim bt c cc IC gii m gim gi thnh ca mch in. Nhng kt ni vi mch hin th phi cn c IC giao tip vo ra v cc port ca 8051 dng cho mc ch khc. 8255 l IC giao tip vo ra song song thng dng v c th iu khin c bng phn mm nn chng em s dng 8255 giao tip vi cc thit b ngoi vi (phn hin th). V dng ra cc port ca 8255 rt nh (ln nht l port A khong 5mA) nn cn c IC m dng nng dng ln ko cho led sng. Chng em chn IC m 74245. Khi a d liu ra hin th tt c cc led u nhn nhng ti mt thi im ch cho php mt led c nhn d liu nn phi c mch gii m chn led. Chng em s dng IC gii m 74LS138.V vy s khi ca mch hin th nh sau: GVHD Nguyn Vit Hng

Lun vn tt nghip Trang 23 Gii m

74138 Port0
Port CH

8051

Port 2

8255
PortA

74245

LED

b. Gii thiu v cc linh kin trong mch b1.Cng xut nhp 8255: Trong h thng Vi x l hay my vi tnh nu ch giao tip vi b nh trong ROM, RAM th cha , my tnh cn phi giao tip vi cc thit b ngoi vi nh bn phm, mn hnh, my in, ... con ngi c th i thoi c my tnh cng nh dng my tnh iu khin cc thit b khc. giao tip vi nhiu thit b nh vy, my tnh c th giao tip qua nhiu ng v giao tip vi nhiu hnh thc khc nhau nh giao tip ni tip, giao tip song song. V vy vai tr ca cng xut nhp 8255 giao tip gia my tnh vi thit b ngoi l mt iu cn thit gip my c th m rng kh nng lm vic. *S chn ca 8255
PA3 PA2 PA1 PA0 RD\ CS\ GND A1 A0 PC7 PC6 PC5 PC4 PC0 PC1 PC2 PC3 PB0 PB1 1 PB2 PA4 PA5 PA6 PA7 WR\ RESET D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 Vcc PB7 PB6 PB5 PB4 PB3

D7 RD\ WR\ RESET CS\ A0 A1 CS\CS\

D0-

PA0-PA7

PB0-PB7

8255 A

8255 A

PC0-PC3

PC -PC7 A A0 RD\ WR\ Hot ng 4 L L L H L Port A Bus d liu chn vLs logic L S H H L Port B Bus d liu Hlinh hot ca vi mch th hin L nng lp trnh. Qua mt thanhu iu L L H Port C Bus d li ghi Tnh kh L L L L khin, ngi s dng xc H nh ch hot ng v cng Bus cn c dng nh l li no d liu s Port A H L vo hoc L ra. Cc chnH D0 4 L 7 to nn bus d liu haidchiu u Port B 8 bit. li ra D Bus li c rng l 8255 c chn bi tn hiu mc thp ng vo chn chp CS\. liu Port C c H L H L L Bus d Khi 8255 khng chn, b m bus H liu H 8255 vi h thng cBus ni. Khi c chn, cc ng n d ni th d liu T iu khi vo H L L x x x x H Bus d liu trng thi Hi-Z H H L H L Cm GVHD Nguyn x t Hng Vi x H H L Bus d liu trng thi Hi-Z

Lun vn tt nghip Trang 24 A0 v A1 c dng chn thanh ghi iu khin hoc mt trong cc cng vo/ra trao i d liu. Cc hot ng c bn ca 8255 c tm tt trong bng sau

A1 L L H L L H H x H x

A0 L H L L H L H x H x

RD\ L L L H H H H x L H

WR\ H H H L L L L x H H

CS\ L L L L L L L H L L

Hot ng Port A Bus d liu Port B Bus d liu Port C Bus d liu Bus d liu Port A Bus d liu Port B Bus d liu Port C Bus d liu T iu khin Bus d liu trng thi Hi-Z Cm Bus d liu trng thi Hi-Z

* Cc trng thi lm vic ca 8255: Qua bng trng thi ca 8255, ta thy thanh ghi iu khin t di a ch bn trong l A1 = [1], A0 = [1]. Trong mt chu k ghi ln thanh ghi iu khin, xc nh cng vo/ra cng nh ch hot ng. Khi chn RESET mc [H], thanh ghi iu khin s c t li v nh ngha ton b 24 ng dn nh l cc ng vo.Trng thi ny ko di ti khi chng trnh ng dng vit t iu khin vo thanh ghi iu khin xc nh ch lm vic ca 8255. Cc cng A, B, C c phn thnh hai nhm. Nhm A gm cng A v na cao ca cng C, nhm B gm cng B v na thp cn li ca cng C. C 3 ch hot ng khc nhau: - Ch 0: vo/ra thng thng. - Ch 1: cht vo/ra. - Ch 2: bus hai chiu. Ch 0: T iu khin: 1 0 0 D4 D3 0 D1 D0

Ch 0 xc lp hai cng 8 bit (A v B) v hai cng 4 bit (na cao v na thp ca C). Bt k cng no cng c th nhp hoc xut d liu mt cch c lp ty theo cc bit D4, D3, D1 v D0. C 24 = 16 kh nng vo/ra trong ch ny

Cu trc t iu khin:

GVHD Nguyn Vit Hng

C lp ch 1 = tch cc

Lun vn tt nghip Trang 25 D7 D6 D5 D1 D0 D4 D3 D2

Nhm BPort C (thp)1 = nhp0 = xutPort B1 = nhp0 = xutChn ch 0 = ch 01 = ch 1 Nhm APort C (cao)1 = nhp0 = xutPort A1 = nhp0 = xutChn ch 00 = ch 0 01 = ch 1 1x = ch 2 C lp ch 1 = tch cc

V dng ra cc port ca 8255 rt nh (ln nht l port A khong 5mA) nn cn c IC m dng nng dng ln ko cho led sng. Chng em chn IC m 74245, sau y l s chn, bng trng thi ca 74245: S chn v s logic ca 74245 nh sau:

GVHD Nguyn Vit Hng

Lun vn tt nghip Trang 26

DIR A1 A2 A31 A4 2 A53 A64 A75 A6

18 20 19 17

16 15 7 74245 14 13 88 12 GND9 10 11 S chn

Vcc G\ B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8

Enable G\Direction Control DIROperation L L HL H XD liu t B a ra bus A D liu t A a ra busA N Ngn Bng s tht

Tuy nhin dng ra ln nn phi dng thm in tr hn dng t mi ng ra (B1 _ B8) ca 74245 4. Bn phm: V y l mch m sn phm, m s sn phm trong mt thng, v s sn phm trong mt l, mi loi nh vy c th nhp vo s m trong phm vi t 0 n ti a 9999, do chng em s dng 10 phm s t 0 n 9. V mi ln nhp s vo nhn bit l nhp my s hoc nhp xong v mun bit cho php m cha hoc hy b s va nhp phi cn s dng thm cc phm chc nng, nn chng em dng thm 6 phm chc nng t A n F. Do bn phm gm 16 phm c kt ni vo port 1 ca 8051: S khi kt ni nh sau:

8051

PORT 1 BN PHM

GVHD Nguyn Vit Hng

Lun vn tt nghip

Trang 1

Port0

Data A0 A7 A0 A1

Add res s
7437 3

ROM CS\

RAM CS\

8255-2 PortA CS\ PortB

Hi n th Rl e H

8255-1 CS\

PortB.0

Thu Rl e BC

Ph t

PortA

8 0 5 1

A8 A12 74138 Port2A A Y 0 13 15

Y1 Y2 Y3

Port1

BN PHM

S KHI CHI TIT CA MCH IN

Port 0 EA 8051
GVHD Nguyn Vit Hng

Port2

PSEN
Luan van tot nghiep Trang 1

PHN II
THIT K,THI CNGV CHNG TRNH CHNG I THIT K, THI CNG PHN CNG
Sau khi phn tch mt m hnh h thng vi x l by gi chng em bt u i vo tnh ton cc gi tr thc t cho h thng hot ng c. Vic tnh ton la chn phi da trn l thuyt v cc linh kin thng dng trn th trng. Mc d phn cng h thng khng th thay i c nhng phn mm c th thay i lm cho h thng c kh nng hot ng mt cch linh hot v vy thit k phn cng phi cn i sao cho phn mm khng qu phc tp. I. KT NI 8051 VI B NH V CC IC NGOI VI : 1. Kt ni b nh chng trnh bn ngoi: B x l chnh l IC 8051 vi tn s lm vic l 12 MHz. Chn 18, 19 ca 8051 c ni vi thch anh (cng c th thay th thch anh bng tn hiu xung clock). B nh ROM c cho php bi tn hiu PSEN\. Hnh sau m t cch ni b nh Eprom vi 8051:

D7 - D0
D 74373 ALE Port 0 Q G

EPROM A7- A0 A15 -A8 0E\

2. Kt ni b nhEA liu ngoi: d B nh Ram c cho php ghi/ c bng cc tn hiu iu khin WR\ v RD\. 8051 8051 c 1 lnh duy nht truy xut d liu ca b nh d liu ngoi l MOVX dng con tr 16 bit (DPTR) hoc R0 v R1 xem nh thanh ghi a ch. Kt ni bus a ch v bus d liu gia RAM v 8051 cng ging nh EPROM . ALE Ngoi ra, RD ca 8051 c ni ti chn cho php xut (OE\ ) ca Ram v chn WR c ni ti chn Port2 ca Ram. ghi (WR\)

RD WR

GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung .

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 2 uhhdsauf y D D7 - D0

RAM A7- A0
Q 74373 G A15 -A8 0E WR

3.Kt ni mch gii m: *Hnh thnh mch gii m a ch da trn bng b nh sau: IC Rom 8K Ram 8K 8255 1 8255 2 A 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 A 14 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 A 13 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 A 12 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 A 11 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 A 10 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 A 9 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 A 8 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 A 7 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 A 6 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 A 5 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 A 4 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 A 3 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 A 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 A 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 A 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 hex 0000 H 1FFFH 2000 H 3FFFH 4000 H 4003 H 6000 H 6003 H

Tuy nhin ti mt thi im ch c 1 IC nh c truy xut nn dng cc ng a ch A13, A14, A15 phn bit. Ly A15, A13, A14 ni ti 3 u vo IC gii m 74138 (A,B,C). Cc ng ra Y0, Y1,Y2, Y3 ln lt c ni ti CE ca Rom,Ram, CS ca 8255. Khi Yi = 0 th IC c chn: A13, A14, A15 = 0 chn Rom A13 = 1, A14, A15 = 0 chn Ram A13 = 0, A14 = 1, A15 = 0 chn 82551 A13 =1, A14 = 1, A15 = 0 chn 82552 4..Kt ni mch cht: -Chn ALE (chn 30) ca 8051 kt ni vi chn G ca 74373. Cc ng ca Port0 ] ni vi cc ng t Do n D7 ca 74373. Cc ng tn hiu (Q 0Q7 ) ca 74373 v cc ng port 2 (P2.0 P2.7) c ni ti cc ng a ch ca ROM v RAM (A0 A12 ) cn cc ng d liu t port 0 c ni ti cc ng d liu ca ROM v RAM, 8255 (D0 D 7 ). -Trong mi chu k my s c 2 xung ALE. Khi ALE mc logic cao (G = 1) v OC\ = (0) th ng ra Qo Q7 tng ng vi ng vo D, mi s thay i ng vo u nh hng n ng ra, lc ny Port 0 tng ng l ng a ch Ao A7. Khi ALE xung uhhdsauf y GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 3 mc thp (G = 0), ng ra Q s gi nguyn trng thi trc bt chp ng vo D, lc ny cc ng Port 0 tng ng l cc ng d liu Do D7. *Tn hiu PSEN\ ca 8051 (chn 29) ni ti 0E ca Rom. Cc ng (RD,WR) ni n RD, WR ca Rom v 8255. Do mun xp chng b nh nn cho tn hiu RD\, PSEN ca 8051 qua cng AND (dng 2 cng NAND 74132) a ti OE\ ca Ram *Hnh thnh cng tc l chn Rom A, Rom B: - S nguyn l ca cng tc la chn: (S nguyn l mch iu khin) - Nguyn l hot ng ca cng tc la chn nh sau: Bt c khi no cho php truy xut Rom (ng vo 1 chn cng OR xung mc logic [0]) v ng ra cng tc la chn A hoc B xung mc logic [0] th Rom A hay B c truy xut. -Khi SW1 ni ti B, ng ra ca cng NAND (U9A) = 1 ng ra cng OR (U8A) = 1, Rom A khng c chn. ng thi khi , ng ra cng NAND (U9B) = 0, nu A13, A14, A15 = 0 th ng ra cng OR (U8B) = 0 Rom B c chn. Ngc li, cng tc chuyn sang A th Rom A c truy xut. II. THIT K MCH RESET: Khi cng tc chuyn t A sang B v ngc li u reset ton b li h thng cho PC = 0000H. Bi v khi ang lm vic ti Rom A, PC khc 0000H, khi chuyn sang Rom B PC bt u ti a ch khc 0000H lm sai chng trnh. V vy mch reset trong n ny bao gm reset t chuyn cng tc chn Rom, reset t ngoi a ti (nu nh kt hp vi mch khc), reset khi bt u mi chng trnh m sn phm v reset nu nh ngun cung cp yu. S nguyn l mch reset trong s nguyn l mch iu khin. 1. Mch reset t vic chn Rom: Mch c to bi cng nand, IC 74221, cng OR7432 v 1 cng OR khi kt hp vi reset khc s chn v bng thi ca 74221 nh sau: S chn SN 74221: Bng trng thi 1A INPUT clear A 1B L X X H X Clr X L 1Q H H 2Q L Cset 74221

OUTPUT
Vcc B Reset X Cset X 1Q\ L 2Q\ clr H 2B H 2A Q L L L Q H H H

Reset Qua bng trng thi: GND - Khi chn clear mc logic cao, A mc logic thp v chn B chuyn trng thi t mc logic 0 ln 1 ng ra Q (ngc li vi Q\) - Khi chn clear mc logic cao, B mc logic cao v chn A chuyn trng thi t mc logic 1 xung 0 th th 74211 to ra mt xung dng ng ra Q Qu trnh reset c thc hin nh sau: Khi SW chuyn sang B, ng ra ca cng NAND (U9A) t 0 ln 1 chn B ca74211 (U10B) t 0 ln 1, A = 0 c mt xung ng ra Q ng ra cng OR ln 1 dn GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 4 n RST = 1 h thng b reset: n reset (D4 sng). Khi chuyn cng tc sang A, ng ra cng nand (U9A) t 1 xung 0chn A ca 74221 t 1 xung 0, B = 1 c xung ra ng ra Q 74211 (U10A) mch b reset. 2. Reset bng nt nhn: Khi nhn nt, 1 chn ca cng nand U2A c ni mass ng ra = 1, reset (RST) = 1, h thng b reset (ng thi khi chn cn li ca cng nand lun c gi mc cao). Khi kt ni vi mch in khc, mch in khc c th reset mch in ny qua header 3 (JP8). S tc ng thng qua s ngt dn ca Q3 C828. Khi Q3 dn (c tc ng bn ngoi), ng ra cng nand (U2A) = 1, ng ra cng OR = 1, RST = 1, h thng b reset. 3. Reset khi ngun cung cp yu: Cc IC s ch hot ng tt khi ngun cung cp n nh. Khi in p ngun yu, cc IC hot ng hn lon, nu khng c s hin th v ngun cung cp s gy ra trng hp mch hot ng sai m khng bit c nguyn nhn. Trn mch in ny, in yu th led xanh (D 7) s sng v lc th mch s b reset cho n khi ngun cung cp n nh, cn khi ngun n nh th led (D8) s sng. Qu trnh reset thc hin da trn s ngt dn ca transistor kt hp vi cng Nand 74132. Nguyn l hot ng mch reset nh sau: - Khi in yu (VH < 3,7 Volt), Zener (D5, D6) khng dn Q5 khng dn, ng ra cng Not (cng nand 74132) = 0, Q6; khng dn, Q7 dn (led xanh sng), Q8 dn mt chn ca cng nand (U2A) b ni mass, mch b reset. - Khi ngun cung cp y , D5;D6 dn, Q5 dn, Q6; Q7 khng dn, Q9 dn led sng mch hot ng bnh thng. Tnh ton cc gi tr in tr phn cc cho transistor khi ngun cung cp yu: V mch s dng cc transistor lm vic trng thi bo ha nn iu kin cho transistor hot ng trng thi ny l: IB > ICSAT ; VBESAT =0.8V ; VCESAT =0.2V ; Trong mch Reset ny c dng 74HC132 (cng NAND ) c cc thng s nh sau: VIH(MIN) : in p ng vo thp nht mc [ 1]. VIL(MAX) : in p ng vo cao nht mc [0 ]. VOH(MIN) : in p ng ra thp nht mc [ 1 ]. VOH(MIN) : in p ng ra cao nht mc [ 0 ]. VIH(MIN) = 3.5 (V) VIL(MAX) = 1 (V ) VOH(MIN) = 4.9 (V ) VOH(MAX) = 0.1 ( V ) Tnh ton cc gi tr: 1. Transistor Q1 (C828 ): + Chn dng qua LED l 10mA 5 2 0.2 = 280 10.10 3

RC =

5 2 0.2 + Chn RC = 220 I = 0.013mA = 13mA CSAT = 220 + Chn = 40 V - VBESAT I CSAT <bx OH RB RB < (4.9 - 0,8).40 1310 3 .

GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 5

RB < 12,6k. Chn RB = R5 = 10k 2. Transistor Q2 (A564 ): I CSAT = VCC VLED VECSAT RC

5 2 0 .2 + Chn dng qua led l RC = = 280 10.10 3 10mA 5 2 0 .2 Chn RC = 220 I CSATtt = I LEDtt = = 0.013 A = 13mA 15mA 220 + Chn = 40 , iu kin bo ha: IB > ICSAT V V EBSATt VOL CC > I SATtt RB

RB <

(VCC V EBSATt VOL )

I SATtt

40 (5 0,8 0,1) = 12 ,5K 13

Chn RB = R7 = 10K 3.Transistor Q4: (C828 ) + Chon = 40 V VLED VCESAT + Chn dng qua led l 10mA I CSAT = CC RC 5 2 0 .2 RC = = 280 Chon RC = 220 10.10 3 5 2 0.2 = 13mA 220 10 3 M iu kin bo ha l: IB > IcSAT I CSATtt =

( 4.9 0.8) = 12,61K VOH VBESAT I CSAT RB 40 RB 13

Chn RB = R19 = 10k 4. Transistor Q5 (C828): + Chon = 40 + Chn dng IC =10mA VCC VCE 5 0.2 = = 480 IC 10.10 3 Rc =1K + IB > IcSAT RC = V VD 5 VD 6 VBESAT VCC VCESAT CC GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung R R
B C

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 6

5. Transistor Q6 (C828 ): RB

(VCC VD 5 VD 6 ) RC
VCC VCESAT

= 40

( 5 0.7 3 0,8) 1
5 0.2

= 4.17 K +Chn RB 40 4.17K, ly RB (R21) la bin tr 20K iu chnh cho chnh Chn = < +M iu kin bo ha l: IB > IcSAT , chn Rc = 1K xc

VOH VBESAT VCC VCESAT RB RC

RB < 40.

( 4.9 0.8) 1 = 34,16 K ( 5 0.2)

Chn RB = R24 = 10 k 6.Transistor Q7 ( A 564 ): +Chn = 40 + Chn dng qua led l 10mA RC = VCC VLED VECSAT 5 2 0 .2 = = 280 I LED 10.10 3

Chon RC =330 I LEDtt = VCC VLED VECSAT RC

+ M iu kin bo ha l: IB > IcSAT VCC VOL VEBSAT VCC VLED VECSAT > RB RC

RB <

(VCC VEBsat VOL ) RC 40 (5 0,8 0,1) 330 = = 19,325K VCC VLED VECsat 5 2 0,2

Chn RB = R25 = 7,5 K 7.Transistor Q8 (C828 ): Chn = 40 + M iu kin bo ha l: IB > IcSAT

VCC VBESAT VCC VCESAT > RB RC

5 0.8 5 0.2 40 GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung RB 1 40 4.2 RB = 35 K 4.8 1

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 7

Chon RB = R27 = 15 K 8.Transistor Q9 ( A 564 ): +Chn = 40 + Chn dng qua led l 10mA

RC =

(VCC VCESAT VLED ) 5 0,2 2 = = 280 I LED 10 10 3

Chon RC =220 Vy dng qua led thc t V VLED VECSAT 5 2 0.2 I LEDtt = CC = = 13mA l: RC RC + M iu kin bo ha l: IB > IcSAT

(VCC VEBsat VOL ) VCC VLED VECsat > RB RC = 40 (5 0,8 0,2) x 220 = 12,57K 5 2 0,2

Chn R28 = RB =10 k

4. Cch tnh tn s qut LED

Gi n: s LED cn hin th Gi : thi gian pht sng ca mi LED (s ) Gi T l chu k hin th ca n LED: T = n. ( s ) Gi f : tn s qut f =

1 1 = ( Hz ) T n. = N : chu k ngt ca mi LED (s ) Mi lin h gia chiu di sn phm (cm ) vi vn tc bng chuyn (m/s): 1 1 f = = ( Hz ) T n. N u d: Bt u Kt thc

TL T GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 8

-Gi T: chu k qut u d (ms ) - G i T : Thi gian d mc thp 2 (ms ) iu kin cho u d pht hin sn phm TL = 10d v.T 10.d m (ms) d L (cm) v ( ) v 10 TL s Chiu di nh nht ca sn phm: TL v.TL (cm) 10 Vn tc ti a ca bng chuyn: d MIN =

III. KT NI KT VI IU KHIN VI THIT B NGOI VI: 10.d m ( ) TL s 1. Kt ni vi bn phm: Bn phm gm 16 phm kt ni vi kt vi iu khin thng qua Port 1 ca 8051. S kt ni nh sau: vMAX =

P0.0 P0.1 P0.2 P0.3 8051 P0.4 P0.5 P0.6 P0.7

0 4 7 8 9 C D A E B F 1 5 2 6 3

GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 9 BNG M PHM

Phm 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

M qut 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07

M Hex 0CH F9H A4H B0H 99H 92H 82H F8H

Phm 8 9 A B C D E F

M qut 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15

M Hex 80H 90H 88H 83H C6H A1H 86H 8EH

2. Kt ni hin th: Phn hin th bao gm 8 Led 7 on chung anod. Bus d liu xut ra hin th c ni ti PortA ca 82552. V dng ra ti mi chn cc Port ca 8255 ch c khong 4mA, m mi Led sng th phi cung cp dng khong 8 10mA nn phi dng IC m nn PortA ca 8255 ni ti cc ng vo A1 _ A8 ca 74245, bus d liu ng ra ni qua in tr hn dng n cc thanh ca Led 7 on. Vi mch gii m chn Led: ba ng vo A, B, C ca 74138 s c ni ti PC5 PC7 ca 8255, chn cho php G2 ni ti PC4 ca 8255. Khi PC4 xung mc thp, G2 = [0], cho php Led sng. Bng trng thi chn Led nh sau: Cho php G1 G2 H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L Ng vo Cc chn la chn C B A L L L L L H L H L L H H H L L H L H H H L H H H

Chn Led
Led Led Led Led Led Led Led Led 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 10 Tnh ton in tr trong mch hin th:

V cc
R1 in tr phn cc

Led
R2 :in tr hn dng

cho mt thanh led sng th dng in qua n l 10 mA, do c led 7 on sng th dng cung cp cho led l: I = 7 x 10 = 70 mA. y cng chnh l dng Ic ca transistor. Vy chn transistor loi A1266 vi h s khuych i l 60 Vy dng IB l: IB = in tr phn cc R1 l: U V BE 5 0,7 V R1 R1 CC 3,90( K ) IB IB 1,1 Chn R1 = 3,3 k, nh hn gi tr tnh ton dng ln transistor nhanh bo ha. Vy dng IB thc t l: 5 0,7 = 1,3mA 3,3 Tnh R2 (in tr hn dng cho led): Khi transistor bo ha, in p VCESAT = 0,2 V v in p ri trn led l 2V do : VR2 = Vcc VCESAT VLED = 5 0,2 2 = 2,8V I B= VR 2 2,8 = = 251 I CMAX 1,3.60.10 3 7 7 Chn R2 = 270 (). Chn R2 ln hn tnh ton transistor nhanh bo ho Vy R2 = I LEDtt = 5 2 0,2 = 11,1mA 251 10 3 I C 70 = = 1,1mA 60

c. Kt ni mch rle: Tn hiu iu khin rle c ly ra t PortA ca 82551. Rle s tc ng khi m xong s lng sn phm ci t trc. y chng em gi nh s tc ng ca rle bng

GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 11 n Led hin th. Khi led sng tng ng vi tc ng ca rle. Ging nh mch hin th, tn hiu ly ra iu khin rle uc a qua b m 74245 v hn dng bng in tr. Tnh in tr hn dng R: cho mi led sng th dng cung cp cho n l 10mA. Vy in tr cn gn thm vo hn dng cho led l: R1 = VCC VLED 5 2 = = 0,3k I LED 10

Chn R1 trn thc t l 330 (). Vi vic chn R1 ln hn tnh ton nhng dng qua led gim khng ng k nn vn chp nhn

Vy dng thc t qua led l:

III. THIT K V TNH TON MCH CM BIN 1. Khi pht Tnh ton in tr v t trn mch dao ng 555 VCC

RA

7 6 2 5

8 1

4 3 Ng ra

RB C1 C

GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 12 - Dng sng: in p ra Vcc in p trn 0V t t T

tc td

2/3Vcc 1/3 Vcc tc =0,69(RA + RB).C RA ,RB [ohm] C[F] t[s] td =0,69RBC T= tc + td =0,69(RA +2RB).C * Nu chn n v R[K] , C[F] t[ms] ,f0[KHz] fo = 1 1 +,45 = T ( RA 2 RB ) C t

Chn xung to ra gn nh u nhau kch thch cho 564 dn mnh, lm dng IB ln suy ra dng qua LED ln, tn hiu pht ra t LED mnh th bn khi u d mi nhn c tn hiu. 2. Khi u d: Tn s dao ng ring ca mch: 1,1 1,1 = = 1,1Khz R15C10 10.0,1 - Chn R15 = 10K C10 =0,1F 2K R 20K v f cho php: 0,01Hz f 500Khz f0 tha iu kin cho php. -Chn C8 =1F ,C9 =2,2 F. fo =

GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 13

f = fo =

1 1,45 = T ( Ra + 2 Rb ).C

* khi pht tia hng ngoi: Chn t C6 = 0,001F Tn s ca mch thit k = tn s f0 ca u d Nn f = f0 =1,1kHz Chn RA, RB sao cho tha iu kin trn Ly theo gi tr thng mi suy ra: Chn RB=620K, RA =78K V dng RA l mt bin tr iu chnh nn chn RA=100K -Transistor Q1 : A564 chn h s khuch i =200 -Khi Led hng ngoi dn th VLED =2V -Chn dng qua Led hng ngoi khong 50mA ( tn hiu pht ra mnh v vy m khi u d mi nhn c). R11 = Vcc VECSAT VLED 9 0,2 2 = = 0,136 K = 136 I CSAT 50

Chn R11= 120 Dng thc t qua LED khi R11=120 I Csat = Vcc VECSAT VLED 9 0,2 2 6,8 = = = 56,67 mA R11 0,12 0,12

ICsat ==56,67mA - cho Q1 dn bo ha: IB = Vcc VEB SAT Vout I Csat R10

IB >ICsat M VEbsat 0,8V Vout ti chn 3 (ng ra 555 ) 0,2V 9 0,8 0,2 5667 , ( mA IB = = 0,28335 ) 200 GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung R10 8 R10 = 28,23K 0,28335

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 14 Chn R10 =10K * khi u d IC LM 324 : IC lm vic vi loi ngun n, chn li 100dB. Chn R14=100K R13 =1K R AV = 14 = 100 R13 R12 thng t 0K 56K, chn R12 =56K C7 =0,1F (t lin lc) c. Hot ng ca khi pht v khi u d: - Do khi pht v khi u d c thit k: f= f0 =1,1Khz Trong f: tn s pht ra ca khi pht tia hng ngoi. f0: tn s trung tm ca khi u d. Khi cha c sn phm no i qua led hng ngoi pht tn hiu qua photo Q2 ,photo Q2 nhn tn hiu. Qua b khuch i, khuch i tn hiu ln ln IC 567 nhn bit c v led hng ngoi dng ra khong 56,67mA n pht ra tn hiu mnh v c kh nng truyn i xa, khi qua photo Q2 tn hiu b suy yu nn phi khuch i ln. V do thit k f=f0 =1,1Khz tc l tn s vo ph hp vi tn s trung tm th ng ra chn 8 mc thp [0]. Cn khi cho sn phm i qua che led hng ngoi th tn hiu t led hng ngoi pht ra khng truyn qua c photo Q2. Kt qu l tn s vo (f f0 =1,1Khz) khc vi tn s trung tm nn ng ra 8 mc cao [1], c xung kch ti ng vo (7) in p chn 8 ln mc cao

GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 15

CHNG II. CHNG TRNH IU KHIN

A. THUT GII I. Chng trnh chnh: cc thit b hot ng c u tin phi khi ng cc thit b ngoi vi, khi ng Timer cho php ngt. Sau gi chng trnh nhp s hp, nhp s sn phm. Nu ng s m nhp vo th cho php bng chuyn hot ng (ng role BC). c d liu t cm bin (u d). Nu c sn phm i qua th gi chng trnh m. Nu sn phm mt hp th gi role ng hp ng thi gi chng trnh m hp.. Nu s hp th bng chuyn ngng hot ng v ch cho ca tip theo. Khi hon thnh 9 ca sn phm th quay li lm t ca 1.

GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 16

-Khi ng thit b ngoi vi -Khi ng thanh ghi Timer, cho php ngt

-Np gi tr u #00H vo cc nh

Ca: 0

Ca: =Ca + 1
- Gi chng trnh con nhp hp - Gi chng trnh con nhp sn phm - Cho php bng truyn hot ng Gi chng trnh con u d (DAUDO) m sn phm S SP

Ro-le ng hp, m hp (RL H) S h p

- Cho php bng chuyn ngng hot ng - Gi chng trnh lu s hp, s sn phm - Gi chng trnh con d phm (IN HEX) Phm E S Ca = 9 S

- Gi chng trnh xem s liu lu bt k ca no GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung - Cho php bng truyn ngng hot ng - Gi chng trnh lu s hp, s sn - m snghp, con hs lid lu trong Ro-le ng trnh m u Gi chn phm xemp u phm

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 17 Lu thut gii chng trnh chnh II. CC CHNG TRNH CON: 1. Chng trnh con khi ng ngoi vi: 8255 ch hot ng khi np cho n t iu khin v vy giao tip vi cc thit b ngoi vi cn khi ng cho cc nh ca 8255

Bt u

Khi ng 8255 - 1 Np gi tr ban u cho role bng truyn Np gi tr ban u cho ng d phng Khi ng 8255 - 2

Np gi tr ban u xa 8 led 7 on
Np gi tr ban u m role ng hp

Np gi tr ban u chn led sng

Ret

GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 18 2. Chng trnh ngt hin th: Trong chng trnh ngt, thi gian ngt c xc nh bng c trn timer. Nh vy c sau 250 s cc led li c qut. Vi thi gian ngt nh, d liu ra kh c th quan st c v vy delay sau mi ln hin th bng vic gim thanh ghi R2. Khi R2 = 0 cho php xut d liu ra hin th. Cc Led s c qut lin tc t Led 77n Led 70, vi d liu xut ra hin th t nh 77H n nh 70H. Lu thut gii nh sau:

u ngt

Bt php

Cho

R2 - 1

R2 = 0

TC 1 R2 Chn led hin th Xut d liu ra led R1 - 1

R1 = # 69H

R1 # 77H

Thot 1 Ret 3. Chng trnh con nhn s Chng trnh ny cho php nhp s thp phn. Nu phm nhn t 0 n 9 th nhn s cn phm t A n F th xa s. S nhn th bit 7D = [0], 7E = [0]. Sau khi nhp s liu xong nu thy qua led hin th ng s liu nhp vo th nhn phm A tc l t bit YES = 1 (7E = 1) kt thc qu trnh nhp s liu. Cn ang nhp nu mun b s liu va GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 19 nhp vo th nhn phm phm B tc l t bit NO = 1 (7D = 1). Khi nhp xong s sn phm v s hp thng qua chng trnh con nhn s ny th nhn phm C tc l cho php sn phm t lc ny i qua u d v bt u m.

Bt

Xa bit YES Xo bit NO Gi chng trnh d phm A = # 0AH S A = # 0BH S

t bit YES Xa A

t bit NO

Xa c C A - # 0AH

C=1 RET

4. Chng trnh tng 1: C c mt sn phm i qua u d (ch ng ra chn 8 ca IC567 t nc logic 0 ln mc 1 sau c a qua cng o nn ng ra l mc logic 0) c a vo bit 0 ca port B1 s lm thay i mc logic t 1 xung 0 th nh dng cho vic m sn phm s c tng ln mt n v thng qua vic gi chng trnh con tng 1, v khi s sn phm th nh dng cho vic m s hp cng c tng ln mt n v thng qua chng trnh con tng 1, v c mi ln nh vy s thay i s liu trong cc nh c y lin tc ra led hin th. V m sn phm n ti a l 999 v m s hp ti a l 9999 nn phi s dng 2 byte m sn phm t hng n v n hng chc s dng byte thp, cn hng trm v hng ngn s dng byte cao. Nn khi so snh s liu ang m vi s liu

GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 20 lu ban u xem bng cha th phi so snh ln lt byte cao trc tc l hng ngn, hng trm sau ti byte thp tc l hng chc hng n v.

Bt u Xa c trn ph AC
Xa c trn C

A A +1

Hiu chnh thanh ghi A

RET

thp

phn

5. Chng trnh con kim tra phm n: IN HEX Nu nh c phm c n th bit C = 0. V c khong thi gian nhn phm nn gi chng trnh d tm m phm n 50 ln bng vic np 50 vo R3 v gim R3. Khi R3 = 0 th ct m phm vo ngn xp. Trong lc i phm c nh ra gi chng trnh d tm m phm n 50 ln xem phm c cn c nhn na hay khng. Khi R3 = 0 th ly m phm trao cho thanh ghi A.

GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 21 Lu thut gii kim tra phm n Bt u

#50 (R3)

#50 (R3)

Gi CT d m phm

Khng c phm n

C= 0
S C phm n

R3 - 1

R3= 0

Ct ACC
#50 (R3)

G i CT d m phm
C=1 S

R3 - 1
S

R3= 0 Ly ACC
RET

GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 22 6. Chng trnh d m phm n: 8051 lun c d liu t Port 1 d tm m phm. Khi c mt phm c n th c C = 1 v m ca phm n c lu tm thi vo thanh ghi R6. Sau tng dn R6 ln 4 n v d m phm tip theo, (m phm ) (A)

Bt

#FE A # 4 R6 A R7 A P1 c port 1 A AND #0F0H

A = # 0F0H
S A R7 #4 A XA C A R6 A R6 R7 A XOAY A

R7 A

S R6 =0

Xoay A

R6 - 1

X AC

Xoay phi A qua C C =0 S

(3) R6 + 4 R5 - 1 R5 = 0 (3) S

t c c
R6 A RET

(3)

7. Chng trnh u d: GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 23 8051 lun lun c d liu t u d (Port B4) nn ni dung thanh ghi A bng ni dung nh 4001H. C mi sn phm i ti cm bin, cm bin s to ra mc logic in p cao 5 volt, lc Port B.0 = 1 = ACC.0 . V c khong thi gian sn phm i qua nn mc logic in p phi tn ti t nht khong 100s do phi lin tc kim tra d liu t u d. Khi mc logic in p chuyn t 1 xung 0 (tng ng vi 1 sn phm i qua cm bin). th phi c khong thi gian t nht ch sn phm tip theo i ti nn mc logic thp cng phi tn ti t nht 100s. D mc in p trong khong thi gian 100 s bng cch np 100 vo R3, gim R3, khi R3 0 vn tip tc d mc. Lu thut gii d mc in p nh sau: Bt u

DPTR # CM BIN
R3 #100 A @DPTR ACC. 0 =1 1

R3 - 1

R3 = 0 R3 #100

A @DPTR (c port B1) ACC.0 = 0 S R3 - 1

R3 = 0
RET

8. Chng trnh Blank: xa s 0 khng c ngha GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 24 Chng trnh ny c ngha nh sau: khi s sn phm hay s hp ch ti hng n v, chc, trm th nhng s 0 ng trc n khng c ngha b loi b (khng sng ) v cc nh c ngha c lu (ln lt t hng n v hng ngn) vo cc nh t 70H 77H. Loi b bng cch so snh gi tr ln nht hng ngn vi s 0 nu ng l 0 th xa led hin th hng ngn, tip tc so snh xem nh hng trm vi s 0 nu ng l 0 th xa led hin th hng trm, tng t cho hng chc, cn nh hng n v gi tr bng bao nhiu th led hng n v cng hin th. ( 1) A =0

Bat u
S

A DEMHOP H LED 70 NGAN Xa LED 70 TRAM LED 71 A LED 71

A S A =0 DEMHOP L LED 72 CHUC LED 73 DONVI Xa LED 71 A LED 72 A DEM_SP H LED 75 TRAM A S

Xa LED 72 A DEM_ SPL LED 76 CHUC A LED 75 LED 77 DONVI S A LED 70 A (1 )

=0

=0

Xa LED 75 A LED 76

A
Xa LED 76

=0

RET
GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung Chng trnh blank

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 25

(1) Bt u

HIN TH nhp 0 LU HOP L # 00H LU HOP H # 00H Gi nhn s th nht

A=0

BIT 7D = 1

S
9. Chng trnh nhp hp: Chng trnh cho php nhp cc s 1 n 9999. Nu s c nhn t A n F th A N V t yu cu nhp li. Khi s c LU HOP L ghi A t 1 n 9: nu chp nhn s th N V nhn lu vo thanh cc bit 7D, 7E = 0 v khii nhn sth yu cu nhp li hp, bit 7E = 1, th thot khi G bit 7D = 1 th 2 chng trnh. Cc gi tr c nhp ny c lu vo cc nh t (74H) n (77H) v 7C (LUHOPL:lu hp byte thp), 7D (LUHOPH: lu hp byte cao). Nu ng vi s nhp th nhn A ngc li l B (xa s nhp) RET
BIT 7E = 1

GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung 1

BIT 7D =

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 26

S (2)

GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 27 (2) N V CHC A N V CHC + N V LU HOP L Gi nhn s th 3

BIT 7E = 1

S
BIT 7D = 1

(1)

CHC TRM N V CHC A N V CHC + N V LU HOP L LU HOPH TRM Gi nhn s th 4

BIT 7E = 1

BIT 7D = 1

(1)

TRM NGN CHC TRM N V CHC A N V CHC, N V LU HOP L NGN,TRM LU HOPH

G i chng trnh d phm

A=# 0AH

S
A=# 0BH

RET Lu chng trnh nhp hp GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 28 10. Chng trnh nhp sn phm: Chng trnh cho php nhp cc s t 1 n 999. S ch c nhp khi cc bit 7D, 7E = 0 v khi bit 7D = 1 th yu cu nhp li. Cc gi tr c nhp ny c lu vo cc nh t (74H) n (77H) v 7C (LUSPL: lu sn phm byte thp), 7D (LUSPH: lu sn hpm byte cao). Nu ng vi s nhp th nhn A ngc li l B (xa s nhp) Bt u Hin th Nhp O 0 LU SPL # 00H LU SPH # 00H Gi nhn s th nht

A=0 S S (2) N V A LU BIT 7E = NV SPL 1 Gi nhn s th 2 1 S

BIT 7D = 1 BIT 7E = 1 BIT 7D =

(1)

(3)

TRM CHC S CHC N V BIT 7D = N V A 1 LU SPL CHC,NV S LU SPH TRM CHC N V N V A LU SPL CHC,NV GGchng trnh 3phm i i nhn s th d S S
A=# 0BH

(3) (2)
A=# 0CH

11. Chng trnh delay: RET GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung Chng trnh con nhp sn phm

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 29 khng ch thi gian delay np gi tr ban u cho timer. Set cho timer chy. Khi timer m bng thi gian np th c bo trn c set ln [1]. Mun thi gian delay ln np gi tr cho R4, gim R4 sau mi ln trn timer. Nh th thi gian delay s l: t = (R4) x count0. Khi R4 = 0 l ht thi gian delay. Bt u

TH0 # HIGHT COUNT0 TL0 # LOW COUNT0 TR0 = 1 Chy timer S

COUNT 0 Xa c trn R4 - 1

(FFFF 0000)

R4 = 0 Ret

12. Chng trnh con lu s sn phm s hp trong mi ca sn xut: Chng trnh ny lu kt qu ca mi ca sn xut. S hp, s sn phm c lu vo cc nh t 30H 53H. Xt ni dung nh 2EH, nu ni dung nh 2EH = 1 v sau khi m xong v bng chuyn bo hiu ngng m th ni dung nh 2EH trao cho thanh ghi A v lu kt qu vo ca 1. Nu ca sau cho php hot ng th ni dung nh 2EH tng ln 1 v tng t c lu vo ca tng ng ( ca = ca trc + 1). 13. Chng trnh con cho php xem s liu ca ca sn xut: Chng trnh ny xem kt qu ca mi ca sn xut, c th l xem ni dung s hp s sn phm trong mi ca sn xut. ti ny chng em ch vit chng trnh xem ti a l 9 ca. Tc l khi mun kim tra ca no th nhp c th ca l ca th my thng qua bn phm bng cch nhn mt s. Trc s hp, s sn phm c lu vo cc nh t 30H 53H. Khi ro-le bng chuyn ngng hot ng sau mt ca no nu tip tc mun nhp s liu vo m cho ca tip theo th nhn mt phm bt k khc phm E . Cn nu nhn phm E tc l cho php xem s liu ca cc ca, ch cn nhn phm c loi tr phm chc nng th m phm nhn c lu vo thanh ghi A. Nu A bng my th s a ni dung nh lu s liu ca ra b phn hin th. V nu mun xem tip ca no na th c nhn phm cho php xem E ri nhp s liu vo. GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 30 Cn khi mun lu s ca nhiu hn na nh ti a l t 0 99 hay t 0 999 hay t 0 999 th tng t nh trn ch khc l khi nhp s liu vo th gi nhn ti a 2 s , 3s, hay 4 s th chng trnh nhp s li ging nh trong chng trnh con nhp s sn phm v s hp, v nhiu ca c lu th s nh cng phi c tng theo.

S sn phm, hp ca cc ca c lu vo nh tng ng

A 2EH

a s liu ca cc ca trong nh ra hin th

30H LUUHOPL 31H LUUHOPH 32H LUU_SPL 33H LUU_SPH

LU:

A =#01H S

A =#02H S

34H LUUHOPL 35H LUUHOPH 36H LUU_SPL 37H LUU_SPH 38H LUUHOPL 39H LUUHOPH 3AH LUU_SPL 3BH LUU_SPH

A =#03H S

A =#04H S

3CH LUUHOPL 3DH LUUHOPH 3EH LUU_SPL 3FH LUU_SPH

A =#05H GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung S (2)

40H LUUHOPL 41H LUUHOPH 42H LUU_SPL 43H LUU_SPH (1)

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 31

(2) 44H LUUHOPL 45H LUUHOPH 46H LUU_SPL 47H LUU_SPH

A =#06H S

A =#07H S

48H LUUHOPL 49H LUUHOPH 4AH LUU_SPL 4BH LUU_SPH

A =#08H S

4CH LUUHOPL 4DH LUUHOPH 4EH LUU_SPL 4FH LUU_SPH

A =#09H S

50H LUUHOPL 51H LUUHOPH 52H LUU_SPL 53H LUU_SPH

RET GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung Lu chng trnh lu s liu

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 32

Lu chng trnh cho php xem s liu Gi chng trnh con d phm LUUHOPL #FFH LUUHOPH #FFH LUU_SPL #FFH LUU_SPH #FFH LUUHOPL 30H LUUHOPH 31H LUU_SPL 32H LUU_SPH 33H LUUHOPL 34H LUUHOPH 35H LUU_SPL 36H LUU_SPH 37H

XEM:

A =#00H S

A =#01H S

A =#02H S

A =#03H S

LUUHOPL 38H LUUHOPH 39H LUU_SPL 3AH LUU_SPH 3BH

A =#04H GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung S (2)

LUUHOPL 3CH LUUHOPH 3DH LUU_SPL 3EH LUU_SPH 3FH (1)

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 33

(2) A =#05H S

LUUHOPL 40H LUUHOPH 41H LUU_SPL 42H LUU_SPH 43H

A =#06H S

LUUHOPL 44H LUUHOPH 45H LUU_SPL 46H LUU_SPH 47H LUUHOPL 48H LUUHOPH 49H LUU_SPL 4AH LUU_SPH 4BH

A =#07H S

A =#08H S

LUUHOPL 4CH LUUHOPH 4DH LUU_SPL 4EH LUU_SPH 4FH

A =#09H S

LUUHOPL 50H LUUHOPH 51H LUU_SPL 52H LUU_SPH 53H

B. CHNG TRNH RETTHNG H

Gi chng trnh blank (1) 3CH LUUHOPL 38H 34H 40H 30H 3DH LUUHOPH 39H 35H 41H 31H 3AH LUU_SPL 3EH 36H 42H 32H 3BH LUU_SPH 37H 3FH 43H 33H

GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung AS=#01H AS ( 2 ) =#05H =#03H =#02H =#04H

(1)

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 34 ;CHUONG TRINH DEM SAN PHAM VA DONG HOP ;-----------------KHAI BAO CAC BIEN HANG--------------------CWR4 EQU 4003H ;CWR4 ROLE_BC EQU 4000H ;PORTA4 CAMBIEN EQU 4001H ;PORTB4 NGO_DP1 EQU 4002H ;PORTC4 CWR6 EQU 6003H ;CWR6 HIENTHI EQU 6000H ;PORTA6 ROLE_DH EQU 6001H ;PORTB6 CHONLED EQU 6002H ;PORTC6 LED70EQU 70H LED71EQU 71H LED72EQU 72H LED73EQU 73H LED74EQU 74H LED75EQU 75H LED76EQU 76H LED77EQU 77H LUU_SPL EQU 78H ;Luu san pham (byte thap) LUU_SPH EQU 79H ;Luu san pham (byte cao) DEM_SPL EQU 7AH ;Dem san pham (byte thap) DEM_SPH EQU 7BH ;Dem san pham (byte cao) LUUHOPL EQU 7CH LUUHOPH EQU 7DH DEMHOPL EQU 7EH DEMHOPH EQU 7FH COUNT0 EQU -10000 DELAY1 EQU 50 DELAY2 EQU 20 TOCDO1 EQU 9 COUNT1 EQU -250 BLK EQU 0FH START EQU 0CH NO BIT 7DH YES BIT 7EH LUU_CY BIT 7FH ;-------------------------CHUONG TRINH CHINH----------------ORG 00H LJMP BAT_DAU0 ORG 1BH LJMP NGAT_T1 ORG 30H BAT_DAU0: MOV R1,#LED77 MOV R2,#TOCDO1 MOV TMOD,#21H MOV TH1,#COUNT1 LCALL KD_NV SETB TR1 SETB ET1 SETB EA GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 35 BAT_DAU1: MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV BAT_DAU: MOV MOV MOV MOV INC MOV MOV MOV MOV 2EH,#00H 30H,#00H 31H,#00H 32H,#00H 33H,#00H 34H,#00H 35H,#00H 36H,#00H 37H,#00H 38H,#00H 39H,#00H 3AH,#00H 3BH,#00H 3CH,#00H 3DH,#00H 3EH,#00H 3FH,#00H 40H,#00H 41H,#00H 42H,#00H 43H,#00H 44H,#00H 45H,#00H 46H,#00H 47H,#00H 48H,#00H 49H,#00H 4AH,#00H 4BH,#00H 4CH,#00H 4DH,#00H 4EH,#00H 4FH,#00H 50H,#00H 51H,#00H 52H,#00H 53H,#00H 54H,#00H 55H,#00H 56H,#00H 57H,#00H DEMHOPL,#00H DEMHOPH,#00H DEM_SPL,#00H DEM_SPH,#00H 2EH 77H,2EH 76H,#BLK 75H,#BLK 74H,#BLK

GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 36 MOV 73H,#BLK MOV 72H,#BLK MOV 71H,#0AH MOV 70H,#10H MOV R4,#250 LCALL DELAY MOV LED70,#0DH ;'N' MOV LED71,#0BH ;'H' MOV LED72,#0AH ;'A' MOV LED73,#0EH ;'P' LCALL NHAPHOP LCALL NHAP_SP MOV DPTR,#ROLE_BC MOV A,#0FFH ;Cho phep bang chuyen hoat dong MOVX @DPTR,A LCALL BLANK LCALL DAUDO MOV A,DEM_SPL LCALL TANG_1 MOV DEM_SPL,A JNC DU_SP? MOV A,DEM_SPH LCALL TANG_1 MOV DEM_SPH,A MOV A,DEM_SPH CJNE A,LUU_SPH,DEM MOV A,DEM_SPL CJNE A,LUU_SPL,DEM LCALL BLANK MOV R4,#DELAY1 LCALL DELAY MOV A,#00H MOV DPTR,#ROLE_DH MOVX @DPTR,A MOV R4,#DELAY2 LCALL DELAY MOV A,#0FFH MOVX @DPTR,A MOV DEM_SPL,#00H MOV DEM_SPH,#00H MOV A,DEMHOPL LCALL TANG_1 MOV DEMHOPL,A JNC DUHOP? MOV A,DEMHOPH LCALL TANG_1 MOV DEMHOPH,A MOV A,DEMHOPH CJNE A,LUUHOPH,DEM MOV A,DEMHOPL

DEM:

DU_SP?:

DUHOP?:

GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 37 CJNE A,LUUHOPL,DEM LCALL BLANK KETTHUC: MOV DPTR,#ROLE_BC MOV A,#00H MOVX @DPTR,A MOV A,2EH LCALL LUU L14: LCALL IN_HEX CJNE A,#0EH,L12 MOV 77H,#BLK MOV 76H,#BLK MOV 75H,#BLK MOV 74H,#BLK MOV 73H,#BLK MOV 72H,#BLK MOV 71H,#0AH MOV 70H,#10H L13: LCALL IN_HEX PUSH ACC CLR C SUBB A,#0AH POP ACC JNC L13 MOV 77H,A LCALL DELAY LCALL XEM MOV 74H,#0CH MOV DEMHOPL,LUUHOPL MOV DEMHOPH,LUUHOPH MOV DEM_SPL,LUU_SPL MOV DEM_SPH,LUU_SPH LCALL BLANK LCALL DELAY LJMP L14 L12: MOV A,2EH CJNE A,#09H,L15 LJMP BAT_DAU1 L15: LJMP BAT_DAU ;------------------KHAI BAO CHUONG TRINH CON----------------;CHUONG TRINH CON LUU SO HOP, SO SAN PHAM LUU: NOP L0: CJNE A,#01H,L1 MOV 30H,LUUHOPL MOV 31H,LUUHOPH MOV 32H,LUU_SPL MOV 33H,LUU_SPH LJMP L10 L1: CJNE A,#02H,L2 MOV 34H,LUUHOPL MOV 35H,LUUHOPH GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 38 MOV 36H,LUU_SPL MOV 37H,LUU_SPH LJMP L10 L2: CJNE A,#03H,L3 MOV 38H,LUUHOPL MOV 39H,LUUHOPH MOV 3AH,LUU_SPL MOV 3BH,LUU_SPH LJMP L10 L3: CJNE A,#04H,L4 MOV 3CH,LUUHOPL MOV 3DH,LUUHOPH MOV 3EH,LUU_SPL MOV 3FH,LUU_SPH LJMP L10 L4: CJNE A,#05H,L5 MOV 40H,LUUHOPL MOV 41H,LUUHOPH MOV 42H,LUU_SPL MOV 43H,LUU_SPH LJMP L10 L5: CJNE A,#06H,L6 MOV 44H,LUUHOPL MOV 45H,LUUHOPH MOV 46H,LUU_SPL MOV 47H,LUU_SPH LJMP L10 L6: CJNE A,#07H,L7 MOV 48H,LUUHOPL MOV 49H,LUUHOPH MOV 4AH,LUU_SPL MOV 4BH,LUU_SPH LJMP L10 L7: CJNE A,#08H,L8 MOV 4CH,LUUHOPL MOV 4DH,LUUHOPH MOV 4EH,LUU_SPL MOV 4FH,LUU_SPH LJMP L10 L8: CJNE A,#09H,L10 MOV 50H,LUUHOPL MOV 51H,LUUHOPH MOV 52H,LUU_SPL MOV 53H,LUU_SPH L10: RET ;-----------------------------------------------------------;CHUONG TRINH CON XEM XEM: NOP CJNE A,#00H,H0 MOV LUUHOPL,#0FFH GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 39 MOV MOV MOV LJMP CJNE MOV MOV MOV MOV LJMP CJNE MOV MOV MOV MOV LJMP CJNE MOV MOV MOV MOV LJMP CJNE MOV MOV MOV MOV LJMP CJNE MOV MOV MOV MOV LJMP CJNE MOV MOV MOV MOV LJMP CJNE MOV MOV MOV MOV LJMP CJNE MOV MOV MOV LUUHOPH,#0FFH LUU_SPL,#0FFH LUU_SPH,#0FFH H9 A,#01H,H1 LUUHOPL,30H LUUHOPH,31H LUU_SPL,32H LUU_SPH,33H H9 A,#02H,H2 LUUHOPL,34H LUUHOPH,35H LUU_SPL,36H LUU_SPH,37H H9 A,#03H,H3 LUUHOPL,38H LUUHOPH,39H LUU_SPL,3AH LUU_SPH,3BH H9 A,#04H,H4 LUUHOPL,3CH LUUHOPH,3DH LUU_SPL,3EH LUU_SPH,3FH H9 A,#05H,H5 LUUHOPL,40H LUUHOPH,41H LUU_SPL,42H LUU_SPH,43H H9 A,#06H,H6 LUUHOPL,44H LUUHOPH,45H LUU_SPL,46H LUU_SPH,47H H9 A,#07H,H7 LUUHOPL,48H LUUHOPH,49H LUU_SPL,4AH LUU_SPH,4BH H9 A,#08H,H8 LUUHOPL,4CH LUUHOPH,4DH LUU_SPL,4EH

H0:

H1:

H2:

H3:

H4:

H5:

H6:

H7:

GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 40 MOV LUU_SPH,4FH LJMP H9 H8: CJNE A,#09H,H9 MOV LUUHOPL,50H MOV LUUHOPH,51H MOV LUU_SPL,52H MOV LUU_SPH,53H LJMP H9 H9: RET ;-----------------------------------------------------------;CHUONG TRINH CON CHO HIEN THI NGAT_T1: MOV LUU_CY,C DJNZ R2,THOATT1 MOV R2,#TOCDO1 PUSH ACC PUSH DPH PUSH DPL MOV DPTR,#CHONLED MOV A,R1 SWAP A MOVX @DPTR,A MOV DPTR,#HIENTHI MOV A,@R1 LCALL TRABANG MOVX @DPTR,A DEC R1 POP DPL POP DPH POP ACC CJNE R1,#LED70-1,THOATT1 MOV R1,#LED77 THOATT1: MOV C,LUU_CY RETI ;-----------------------------------------------------------;CHUONG TRINH CON KHOI DONG THIET BI NGOAI VI KD_NV: MOV DPTR,#CWR4 MOV A,#82H ;PORTB4:INPUT MOVX @DPTR,A MOV DPTR,#ROLE_BC MOV A,#00H ;Dung bang chuyen MOVX @DPTR,A MOV DPTR,#NGO_DP1 MOV A,#0FFH MOVX @DPTR,A MOV DPTR,#CWR6 MOV A,#80H MOVX @DPTR,A MOV A,#0FFH MOV DPTR,#HIENTHI MOVX @DPTR,A GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 41 MOV DPTR,#ROLE_DH MOVX @DPTR,A MOV DPTR,#CHONLED MOVX @DPTR,A RET ;-----------------------------------------------------------;-----------------------------------------------------------TRINH CON DELAY DELAY: MOV TH0,#HIGH COUNT0 MOV TL0,#LOW COUNT0 SETB TR0 CHO: JNB TF0,CHO CLR TF0 CLR TR0 DJNZ R4,DELAY RET ;-----------------------------------------------------------;CHUONG TRINH CON NHAN SO NHANSO: CLR YES CLR NO LCALL IN_HEX CJNE A,#0AH,XOASO? SETB YES CLR A LJMP THOAT0 XOASO?: CJNE A,#0BH,LOAITRU SETB NO LJMP THOAT0 LOAITRU: PUSH ACC CLR C SUBB A,#0AH POP ACC JNC NHANSO THOAT0: RET ;-----------------------------------------------------------;CHUONG TRINH CON TANG 1 TANG_1: CLR AC CLR C ADD A,#1 DA A RET ;-----------------------------------------------------------;CHUONG TRINH CON DAU DO DAUDO: MOV DPTR,#CAMBIEN DO1: MOV R3,#110 DO2: MOV R4,#200 DOMUC_L: MOVX A,@DPTR JB ACC.0,DO1 DJNZ R4,DOMUC_L GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung ;CHUONG

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 42 DJNZ R3,DO2 DOTIEP1: MOV R3,#34 DOTIEP2: MOV R4,#200 DOMUC_H: MOVX A,@DPTR JNB ACC.0,DOTIEP1 DJNZ R4,DOMUC_H DJNZ R3,DOTIEP2 RET ;-----------------------------------------------------------CHUONG TRINH CON XOA SO 0 KHONG CO NGHIA BLANK: MOV A,DEMHOPH SWAP A ANL A,#0FH MOV LED70,A MOV A,DEMHOPH ANL A,#0FH MOV LED71,A MOV A,DEMHOPL SWAP A ANL A,#0FH MOV LED72,A MOV A,DEMHOPL ANL A,#0FH MOV LED73,A MOV A,DEM_SPH ANL A,#0FH MOV LED75,A MOV A,DEM_SPL SWAP A ANL A,#0FH MOV LED76,A MOV A,DEM_SPL ANL A,#0FH MOV LED77,A MOV A,LED70 JNZ THOAT3 MOV LED70,#BLK MOV A,LED71 JNZ THOAT3 MOV LED71,#BLK MOV A,LED72 JNZ THOAT3 MOV LED72,#BLK THOAT3: MOV A,LED75 JNZ THOAT4 MOV LED75,#BLK MOV A,LED76 JNZ THOAT4 MOV LED76,#BLK THOAT4: RET GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 43 ;-----------------------------------------------------------;CHUONG TRINH CON NHAP HOP NHAPHOP: MOV LED74,#BLK MOV LED75,#BLK MOV LED76,#BLK MOV LED77,#00H MOV LUUHOPL,#00H MOV LUUHOPH,#00H SOHOP1: LCALL NHANSO JZ SOHOP1 JBC NO,NHAPHOP MOV LED77,A MOV LUUHOPL,A SOHOP2: LCALL NHANSO JBC YES,THOAT1 JBC NO,NHAPHOP MOV LED76,LED77 MOV LED77,A MOV A,LED76 SWAP A ORL A,LED77 MOV LUUHOPL,A SOHOP3: LCALL NHANSO JBC YES,THOAT1 JBC NO,NHAPHOP MOV LED75,LED76 MOV LED76,LED77 MOV LED77,A MOV A,LED76 SWAP A ORL A,LED77 MOV LUUHOPL,A MOV LUUHOPH,LED75 SOHOP4: LCALL NHANSO JBC YES,THOAT1 JBC NO,NHAPHOP MOV LED74,LED75 MOV LED75,LED76 MOV LED76,LED77 MOV LED77,A MOV A,LED76 SWAP A ORL A,LED77 MOV LUUHOPL,A MOV A,LED74 SWAP A ORL A,LED75 MOV LUUHOPH,A KT_NHAPHOP: LCALL IN_HEX CJNE A,#0AH,XOANHAPHOP? GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 44 LJMP THOAT1 XOANHAPHOP?: CJNE A,#0BH,KT_NHAPHOP LJMP NHAPHOP THOAT1: RET ;-----------------------------------------------------------;CHUONG TRINH CON NHAP SAN PHAM NHAP_SP: MOV LED74,#0CH MOV LED75,#BLK MOV LED76,#BLK MOV LED77,#00H MOV LUU_SPL,#00H MOV LUU_SPH,#00H SO_SP1: LCALL NHANSO JZ SO_SP1 JBC NO,NHAP_SP MOV LED77,A MOV LUU_SPL,A SO_SP2: LCALL NHANSO JBC YES,KT_NHAP_SP JBC NO,NHAP_SP MOV LED76,LED77 MOV LED77,A MOV A,LED76 SWAP A ORL A,LED77 MOV LUU_SPL,A SO_SP3: LCALL NHANSO JBC YES,KT_NHAP_SP JBC NO,NHAP_SP MOV LED75,LED76 MOV LED76,LED77 MOV LED77,A MOV A,LED76 SWAP A ORL A,LED77 MOV LUU_SPL,A MOV LUU_SPH,LED75 KT_NHAP_SP: LCALL IN_HEX CJNE A,#START,XOA_NHAP_SP? LJMP THOAT2 XOA_NHAP_SP?: CJNE A,#0BH,KT_NHAP_SP LJMP NHAP_SP THOAT2: RET ;-----------------------------------------------------------;CHUONG TRINH CON KIEM TRA CO PHIM NHAN ? IN_HEX: MOV R3,#50 BACK1: LCALL GET_KEY JNC IN_HEX DJNZ R3,BACK1 PUSH ACC GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 45 BACK2: BACK3: R3,#50 LCALL GET_KEY JC BACK2 DJNZ R3,BACK3 POP ACC RET ;-----------------------------------------------------------; CHUONG TRINH CON DO AN PHIM GET_KEY: MOV A,#0FEH MOV R6,#4 TEST_NEXT: MOV P1,A MOV R7,A MOV A,P1 ANL A,#0F0H CJNE A,#0F0H,KEY_BIT MOV A,R7 RL A DJNZ R6,TEST_NEXT CLR C SJMP EXIT KEY_BIT: MOV R7,A MOV A,#4 CLR C SUBB A,R6 MOV R6,A MOV A,R7 SWAP A MOV R5,#4 AGAIN: RRC A JNC DONE INC R6 INC R6 INC R6 INC R6 DJNZ R5,AGAIN DONE: SETB C MOV A,R6 EXIT: RET ;-----------------------------------------------------------CON TRA BANG TRABANG: ADD A,#11 MOVC A,@A+PC RET DB 'DEFINEBYTE' DB 0C0H ; '0' DB 0F9H ; '1' DB 0A4H ; '2' DB 0B0H ; '3' DB 099H ; '4' DB 092H ; '5' GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung MOV

CHUONG TRINH

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 46 DB 082H ; '6' DB 0F8H ; '7' DB 080H ; '8' DB 090H ; '9' DB 088H ; 'A' DB 089H ; 'H' DB 09CH ; 'o' DB 0C8H ; 'N' DB 08CH ; 'P' DB 0FFH ; 'BLANK' DB 0C6H ; 'C' ;-----------------KET THUC CHUONG TRINH---------------------END

GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 47 LI GII THIU Trong qu trnh hin nay my tnh in t gp phn khng nh i vi s pht trin x hi. Do yu cu ca con ngi ngy cng cao, cc th h my tnh lin tc pht trin khng ngng. Ngay trong giai on u cc th h vi x l 8 bit c dng l Z80,8085, sau l cc h vi x l 16 bit nh 8086, 8088 Cc h vi x l ny gp phn quan trng trong vic chng trnh ha cc hot ng ca my mc trong cng nghip nh vo cc phn mm ng dng. Mt khi trong cng nghip ng dng nhiu vo vi x l th cc nh ch to khng b l c hi cho ra i cc h vi iu khin ngy cng tin b hn. Vi iu khin c s dng nhiu trong cc thit b cng nghip, trong my git, trong iu khin n giao thng, trong cc chi gii tr Ti Vit nam vic chng trnh ha cc h thng ang c p dng ngy cng nhiu trong cc nh my cng nghip. tm hiu v vi iu khin v tm hiu mt ng dng c th ca n nhm chng em xin thc hin ti gm hai phn chnh: PHN1: Kho st vi iu khin 8051, vi mch giao tip ngoi vi 8255, cng vi b nh bn dn, cm bin. PHN 2: Thit k v thi cng mch m sn phm dng vi iu khin 8051. Chng trnh h thng v ng dng. Nh c s gip ca qu thy c v bn b, nhm chng em c gng thc hin ti c giao nhng do kin thc v thi gian c hn nn ti khng th trnh khi thiu st nn rt mong s ng gp ca qu thy c v bn b. Sinh vin thc hin inh Th Kha L Hong Minh

GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 48 LI CM N Trong qu trnh bn nm ri hc ti trng i hc S phm k thut TP.HCM. Chng em c s hng dn tn tnh ca qu thy c v nhng kin thc chuyn mn cng nh kin thc trong cuc sng. T nhng kin thc nn tng gip chng em hon thnh tp lun vn tt nghip trong thi gian cho php. Chng em xin chn thnh cm n thy c trong khoa in ging dy cho chng em nhng kin thc v chuyn mn v nh hng i theo s hiu bit, kh nng ca chng em chng em thc hin tt lun vn tt nghip v to iu kin thun li cho chng em hon tt kha hc. Chng em xin chn thnh cm n thy NGUYN VIT HNG v c TRN THANH MAI tn tnh gip chng em hon thnh tp lun n ny. Chng em xin chn thnh cm n anh BI C MINH, NGUYN KIM HUY, cng cc bn sinh vin tn tnh gip chng em hon thnh tt mch. Sinh vin thc hin INH TH KHA L HONG MINH

GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 49 DN NHP H thng vi x l hay cn gi l my tnh in t l thit b x l thng tin, iu khin cc thit b ngoi hay cc thit b trong cng nghip t ng. Phn chnh ca my tnh l b x l trung tm CPU (Central Processing Unit) l ni xy ra cc qu trnh x l s liu v iu khin mi hot ng ca my tnh. Ngi ta phn loi CPU da vo rng Data bus nh: CPU 8 bit Z80A: Hng Zilog 6802 : Hng Motorola

8080/8085: Hng Intel CPU 16 bit 8086/8088: Hng Intel Vi x l l mt h thng s da trn c s linh kin ch yu l b vi x l (CPU ). Ty thuc vo cu trc ca b vi x l ring bit v phn iu khin m n c th bao gm nhiu loi vi mch. Di s iu khin bng chng trnh mt b vi x l thc hin cc php tnh s hc v logic, ng thi to ra nhng tn hiu iu khin cho b nh v thit b vo ra. Nhng mnh lnh ny gi l chng trnh ngun v c cha trong b nh ch c (ROM)

GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung

Luan van tot nghiep Trang 50 Chng trnh con kim tra phm n

IN _HEX
#50 (R3) #50 (R3) Call: getkey

Khng c phm n

C= 0
S

R3 - 1

C phm n

R3= 0 Ct ACC
#50 (R3) Call: getkey

C=1

R3 - 1
S

R3= 0

Ly ACC
RET GVHD Nguyen Viet Hung