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Cc cu hi n tp:
Cu 1: i vi mi trng hp sau, trng hp no l ngoi tc (tc ng
khng mong mun - externality) v ngoi tc l ngoi tc tch cc hay tiu cc?
Gii thch ti sao?
a. Mt nhm sinh vin i hc trong k tc x cng dng chung mt bp nu
n tp th. Mt s sinh vin khng bao gi dn dp rc sau khi h nu n.
b. Mt kh cu dng qung co khin ngi li xe mt tp trung nhn
ng v m vo mt trm in thoi.
c.
d. Chnh ph tng thu thu nhp c nhn lm thu nhp sau thu ca ngi dn
np thu gim. Ngi np thu than phin v mc thu sut qu cao
e.
f.
g.
Nhng ngi s dng Internet nhn chung l chu chi ph pht sinh bng
khng gi v ti thng tin (ph s dng internet). Kt qu l xy ra s
tc nghn v ngi s dng rt bc bi do s chm tr ca mng Internet.
Theo bn, chng trnh trn y c phi l mt gii php hiu qu gim mc
nhim dng sng hay khng? V sao?
Cu3:
Mt hng ha c sn xut vi:
-
Li ch cn bin l MB(q) = 20 q
T= 2
I
$12
K
H
S (MC)
T= 2*7=14$
Cau 3:
Mt hng ha c sn xut vi:
-
Li ch cn bin l MB(q) = 14 q
MD= 2
I
$12
K
H
7
Sn
lng
S
(MPC)
7.5$)=0.25$
T= 1*5.5=5.5$
Cu 4:
Vic sn xut hng ha X gy ra nhim. Gi s thit hi mi trng trn mi n
v hng ha X MD = 30 $. Khi khng c chnh sch, 100 n v X c sn xut
v gi ca mt n v X l 120 $, nhng sn lng x hi ti u ca hng ha X
da vo mc thit hi ca mi trng l 60 n v. V th v tnh:
MSC ca chnh ph.
1. Tnh tn tht x hi khi cha c s can thip
(MPC)
K
H
60
Sn
lng
100
Gii
1.
2.
Cu5:
ng li ch cn bin ca mt hng ha c xc nh bi biu thc 12-X, trong
X l s lng hng ha c tiu dng. Chi ph cn bin sn xut hng ha
l c nh v bng $7. Mi khi mt n v hng ha ny c sn xut s ng
thi c lng kh c c thi ra, khin x hi b tn hi $3. V th v tnh:
1. Gi bn, s lng hng ha s c sn xut nu khng c s can thip ca
nh nc; v tn tht x hi
2. Nh nc cn phi p dng bin php g s lng hng ha c sn xut
t hiu qu x hi; Tnh gi bn v s lng sau i c s can thip ca Nh
nc
3. S tin thu v hoc chi ra ca Nh nc sau khi p dng cc bin php trn.
Gii:
1.
MB = MC 12-X=7 => X = 5; P= 7
MSC=MC+MD=7+3=10
MSC=MB 10=12-X => X* = 2; P*=10
S(BAD)=1/2(5-2)(10-7)=4.5$
2. T=MD=3; X*=2; P*=10
3. S TIN THU = 3*2=6$
MSC
10
MC
MB
2
Cu 6:
Mt hng ha c sn xut vi:
-
Li ch cn bin l MB(q) = 20 q
ca chnh ph
Ta c: MB(q) = MC(q) <=> 20 q = q +4 => q = 8 sn phm
p = MC(q) = MB(q) = 12
b)
c)
bao nhiu
Ta c: MSC = MB Q* +4 + Q*/2 = 20 - Q* => Q* = 32/5 = 6,4
BAD = MD*(Q-Q*)= (Q/2)X(8-6,4)=1/2*(8/2)*1,6=3.2$
d)
S
(MPC
)
$1
2
MD=q
/2
Sn
lng
Cu 7:
Gi s hai cng ty H v L hot ng trong ngnh cng nghip thi ra cht thi gy
nhim mi trng A. Tng khi lng cht thi ca mi cng ty l 120 tn. Khi
cng ty H ct gim cht thi t 120 tn v 0 tn, chi ph ct gim cht thi cn bin
(MAC) ca cng ty ny tng ln t $0 n $480; khi cng ty L ct gim cht thi
480$
120
$
96$
MD
24
96
12
0
b) V ng chi ph cn bin
c)
d)
TngMBA&B=12-z+8-2z=20-3z
MBA&B=MC 20-3z=10 =>z=10/3
MB(An) = 12-z=> chi ph cho mi n v = 12-10/3=26/3 => Tng chi ph =
10/3* 26/3
MB(Bnh)=8-2z=> chi ph cho mi n v = 8-2(10/3)=(24-20)/3=4/3 => Tng chi
ph = 4/3*10/3
Cau 8b:
10
b) V ng chi ph cn bin
c)
d)