?

Luyn thi i hc- Cao ng Mn H a hc

CHUYN 4.

@ Gio vin: Bi Hu Tun

NHM HALOGEN V HP CHT

NGUYEN TO HALOGEN
I. V TR V CU TO NGUYN T .

Nhm VIIA : Flo ( 9 F ) , Clo ( 17 Cl ) , Brom ( 35 Br ) , Iot ( 53 I ) , Atatin ( 87 At ) Chu k : 2 3 4 5 6 2. Cu to nguyn t . Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng c dng: ns2np5 (c 7 e lp ngoi cng ) S oxy ha trong hp cht : Cl, Br, I : -1 , +1 , +3 , +5 , +7 . F : -1 (duy nht) . Bn knh nguyn t b nht v m in ln nht so vi cc nguyn t cng chu k T F I : m in v nng lg ion ha (I1) gim >< Bn knh nguyn t (R) tng dn . 3. Cu to n cht . CTPT dng X2 v CTCT : X X c nng lng lin kt khng ln => phn t halogen d tch thnh 2 nguyn t 1. V tr :
II. TNH CHT VT L .

19

35,5

80

127

1. Flo : l cht kh, mu lc nht, rt c

2. Clo : cht kh, mu vng lc, mi xc, nng hn khng kh v clo rt c . Clo tan t trong nc to thnh dung dch nc clo mu vng nht, tan nhiu trong cc dung mi hu c 4. Iot : l cht rn tinh th, mu tm en ,c tnh thng hoa, iot tan t trong nc, to nc iot,tan nhiu trong cc dung mi hu c

3. Brom : l cht lng mu nu, d bay hi. Brom v hi brom rt c v gy bng da nng, tan nhiu trong cc dung mi hu c , III. TNH CHT HA HC :

Nguyn t halogen (X) rt d thu 1 electron to thnh ion halogenua X - c cu hnh kh him. X + 1.e X 2 5 2 6 ns np => Cc halogen c tnh oxi ha mnh. ns np Flo ch c tnh oxy ha rt mnh nhng Clo, brom, iot ngoi tnh oxy ha mnh cn th hin tnh kh . T : F Cl Br I : tnh phi kim (tnh oxy ha) gim dn cn tnh kh tng dn (1) Tc dng vi kim loi: 2.M + n.X2 2.MXn (n l ha tr ca kim loi M) (kh) (oxyha) a) Flo oxi ha c tt c cc kim loi k c vng v bch kim. 2.Au + 3.F2 2.AuF3 (vng florua) Ca + F2 CaF2 (canxi florua) b) Clo oxi ha c hu ht cc kim loi tr Au v Pt (un nng). to 2.Fe + 3.Cl2 2.FeCl3 (St (III) clorua)
t Cu + Cl2 CuCl2 (ng (II) clorua) c) Brom oxi ha c nhiu kim loi (khi un nng). to 2.Fe + 3.Br2 2.FeBr3 (St (III) bromua) d) Iot oxi ha c nhiu kim loi (khi un nng hoc c cht xc tc). xt :H 2O 2.Al + 3.I2 2.AlI3 (nhm iotua) t Fe + I2 FeI2 (st iotua)
o o

(2) Tc dng vi hiro: H2 + X2 2.HX (kh nng phn ng gim dn t F n I) (kh) (oxyha) a) Flo tc dng vi H2 ngay trong bng ti v nhit thp -252oC (phn ng n rt mnh). 252o C H2 (k) + F2 (k) 2.HF (k) ( H <0) b) Clo tc dng vi H2 cn c nh sng (phn ng n mnh). as H2(k) + Cl2(k) 2.HCl (k) ( H <0 ) c) Brom tc dng vi H2 khi un nng to cao (phn ng khng n, to nhit nhng km clo). 300o C H2 (k) + Br2 (l) 2.HBr (k) ( H <0 ) d) Iot ch oxi ha H2 nhit cao, c xc tc, phn ng khng hon ton (thun nghch) v thu nhit.

H 2 (k) + I

0
2 (r)

+1 1 2. H I (k) ( H >0 )

@Ghi nh: Cc kh hiro halogenua tan trong nc to thnh dung dch axit mnh (tr HF axit yu) (4) Tc dng vi nc to thng (phn ng khng hon ton) a) Flo: phn ng ngay nhit thng v bc chy trong nc nng gii phng oxi. 2.F2 + 2.H2O 4.HF + O2

(3) Tc dng vi hu ht phi kim (tr N2 , O2 , C ...) 3.F2 + S SF6 2.F2 + Si SiF4 o t 2.P + 3.Cl2 2.PCl3 (photpho tri clorua)
t 2.P + 5.Cl2 2.PCl5 (photpho penta clorua)
o

? Luyn thi i hc- Cao ng Mn H a hc

0

@ Gio vin: Bi Hu Tun

1 +1

b) Clo: Cl 2 + H2O H Cl + H Cl O Axit hipo clor (HClO) c tnh oxy ha mnh, ty cht mu => clo m hoc nc clo c tnh oxy ha mnh => c th ty mu. c) Brom: Br2 + H2O HBr + HBrO Axit hipo brom (HBrO) c tnh oxy ha mnh => nc brom c tnh oxy ha mnh . d) Iot: hu nh khng tc dng vi nc:

(5) Tc dng vi dung dch kim. 2. F 2 + 2.NaOH Cl 2 + 2.NaOH

0 0

2.Na F + OF2 + H2O

1 +1

(6) Tc dng vi mui ca cc halogen khc (tr flo v mui florua).

1 0 1 Cl2 + 2.Na Br 2Na Cl + Br 2 1 1 0 Br2 + 2.Na I 2 Na Br + I
2 2

Na Cl + Na Cl O + H2O (nc javen)

1 +3 1 +3

70 C 3.Cl2 + 6.NaOH 5.Na Cl + Na Cl O3 +3.H2O

0 1 1 0 Cl 2 + 2.Na I 2.Na Cl + I

3.Br2 + 6.NaOH 5.Na Br + Na Br O3 + 3.H2O 30o C Cl2 + Ca(OH)2 CaOCl2 + H2O (clorua vi) (7) Tc dng vi cc cht oxy ha-kh khc. X2 + H2S S + 2.HX (oxyha) (kh) ( X l : F , Cl , Br , I ) 3.X2 + 2.NH3 N2 + 6.HX (oxyha) (kh) ( X l : F , Cl , Br , I ) X2 + SO2 + H2O H2SO4 + 2.HX (oxyha) (kh) ( X l : Cl , Br ) 3.X2 + S + 4.H2O H2SO4 + 6.HX (oxyha) (kh) ( X l : Cl , Br ) 4.X2 + H2S + 4.H2O H2SO4 + 8.HX (oxyha) (kh) ( X l : Cl , Br )
+2 +3 1 2. Fe X2 + X 2 2. Fe X 3 ( X l : Cl , Br ) (kh) (oxyha) Br2 + 5.Cl2 + 6.H2O 2.HBrO3 + 10.HCl (kh) (oxyha)

(8) Tnh cht ring ca iot: Iot tc dng vi h tinh bt to hp cht mu xanh (un nng mu xanh bin mt, ngui li hin ra).

IV. TRNG THI T NHIN:

flo, clo, brom ch tn ti dng hp cht (do hot ng ha hc mnh ). V d: qung florit (CaF2) , Criolit (3.NaF.AlF3) , v brom c hm lng t hn clo, flo . Sinvinit (KCl.NaCl) , nc bin (NaCl, NaBr, NaI) Iot tn ti ch yu di dng hp cht . Clo c 2 ng v:
35 17

Cl (75,77%) ,

37 17

Cl (24,23%)

Brom c 2 ng v:

79 35

Br (80%) ,

81 35 Br

(20%)

V. PHNG PHP IU CH:

1. iu ch F2 : do Flo c tnh oxy ha mnh nht nn 3. iu ch Br2 : a) Nguyn liu chnh: l nc bin mun oxy ha ion F thnh F2 cn phi : (cha mui natri bromua) dpnc b) Phng php: Sc kh clo qua dung dch mui in phn hn hp (KF+HF) : 2KF + 2HF bromua ( Cl2 + 2NaBr 2NaCl + Br2 ) 2K+ H2+ 2F2 2. iu ch Cl2 : (nguyn tc: oxy ha ion Cl- thnh Cl2 : 2.Cl- - 2e Cl2 ) a) Trong phng th nghim: Cho HCl c tc dng vi cc cht oxi ha mnh nh MnO2, KMnO4, KClO3, K2Cr2O7,
+2 0 Mn Cl2 + Cl 2 + 2 H2O +7 1 +2 0 2 K Mn O4+ 16 H Cl 2 KCl +2 Mn Cl2 + 5 Cl 2 +

4. iu ch Iot : Cl2 + 2.Na I 2.NaCl + I2 2.NaI + MnO2 + 2.H2SO4 MnSO4 + Na2SO4 + I2 + 2.H2O

Mn O2 + 4 H Cl

+4

8 H2O KClO3 + 6HCl KCl+3Cl2+3H2O

? Luyn thi i hc- Cao ng Mn H a hc

b) Trong cng nghip: in phn dung dch natri clorua NaCl bo ha (c mng ngn) . dpdd 2.NaCl + 2.H2O 2.NaOH + Cl2 + H2 (1) mnx (anot) (catot) @Ghi nh : Nu khng c mng ngn gia 2 in cc s thu c nc javen.
0 1 +1 Cl 2 + 2 NaOH Na Cl + Na Cl O + H2O (2)

K2Cr2O7+ 14.HCl 2KCl +2CrCl3+ 3Cl2+7H2O.

@ Gio vin: Bi Hu Tun

VI- NG DNG.

1. Flo: Lm cht oxy ha cho nhin liu lng dng trong tn la, v dng trong sn xut nhin liu ht nhn lm giu Urani. iu ch cc dn xut hiro cacbon nh cht do teflon (-CF2-CF2-), hp cht freon: CFCl3,, CF2Cl2 (cht sinh hn trong t lnh, my lnh) Dung dch NaF long lm thuc chng su rng 3. Brom: dng iu ch dc phm, phm nhum to Br2 + 2.Ag 2.AgBr ( dng trng phim nh)

2. Clo: St trng nc ung (vi nng cho php) iu ch axit HCl, nc jven, clo rua vi, kali clorat, cc dung mi hu c, cht do, t tng hp, cao su tng hp, da gi.

4. Iot: Cn iot (5% iot trong ru etylic) l cht st trng Mui iot cha lng nh KI hoc KIO3 phng chng bnh bu c

HP CHT CA HALOGEN
A. HIRO HALOGENUA V AXIT HALOGEN HIRIC :
I. TNH CHT VT L .

1- Hiro florua (HF) : tan v hn trong nc to dung dch axit flohiric 3- Hiro bromua (HBr) : l cht kh, khng mu, bc khi trong khng kh m

2- Hiro clorua (HCl) : l kh khng mu, mi xc, nng hn khng kh, rt c 4- Hiro iotua (HI) : Trong dy HX th HI km bn hn c ( b phn hy: 2HI 3000 c H2 + I2 )

Ch : Hiro clorua, hiro bromua, hiro iotua tan nhiu trong nc to thnh dung dch axit mnh (axit clohiric, axit bromhiric, iothiric) Dung dch axit clo hiric c l cht mt cht lng khng mu, mi xc, bc khi trong khng kh m.
II. TNH CHT HA HC :

Hp cht kh hiro halogenua: ch c tnh kh Dung dch HX c tnh axit mnh (tr HF axit yu) v tnh kh : HF, HCl, HBr, HI : bn gim dn , tnh axit v tnh kh tng dn 1) Tnh axit: 2) Tnh oxi ha: Tc dng kim loi (trc H trong dy a) Axit flo hiric (HF): l axit yu nhng c tnh cht hot ng kim loi) c bit n mn thy tinh v tc dng vi n M + n.HX MXn + .H2 silic ioxit (thy tinh): 2 SiO2 + 4.HF SiF4 + 2.H2O (Silic tetraflorua) n <=> PT ion : M + n.H+ Mn+ + .H2 2 ng dng axit HF dng khc ch, v hnh ln Fe + 2.HCl FeCl2+ H2 thy tinh Cch bo qun HF: ng trong cc chai l bng cht Fe + 2.HBr FeBr2+ H2 Fe + 2.HI FeI2+ H2 do. b) Axit clo hiric (HCL): Axit bromhiric (HBr): d) 3) Tnh kh: a) Hiro florua v axit flohiric(HF): c tnh kh rt yu Axit iothiric (HI): u c tnh axit mnh b) Hiro clorua v axit clohiric(HCl ): c tnh kh Lm qu tm ha mnh , , cht Tc dng vi oxit baz, baz, mui 1 +4 +2 0 in ly yu 4.H Cl + Mn O2 Mn Cl2 + Cl 2 + 2.H2O Mg(OH)2 + 2.HCl MgCl2+ 2.H2O 4.HCl+ MnO2 + 4.H2SO4 MnSO4 + 4.NaHSO4 + I2 +

Cu(OH)2 + 2.HBr CuBr2+ 2.H2O Ca(OH)2 + 2.HI CaI2+ 2.H2O Fe3O4 + 8.HCl FeCl2+ 2.FeCl3 + 4.H2O Fe3O4 + 8.HBr FeBr2+ 2.FeBr3 + 4.H2O Fe3O4 + 8.HI FeI2+ 2.FeI3 + 4.H2O CaCO3 + 2.HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O AgNO3 + HCl AgCl + HNO3 BaSO3 + 2.HBr BaBr2 + SO2 + H2O Na2S + 2.HI 2.NaI + H2S

? Luyn thi i hc- Cao ng Mn H a hc

@ Gio vin: Bi Hu Tun

2.H2O 16.HCl + 2.KMnO4 MnCl2 + 2.KCl + Cl2 + 8.H2O K2Cr2O7 +14.HCl 2.KCl + 2.CrCl3 +3.Cl2 + 7.H2O 2.NaClO + 2.HCl 2.NaCl + Cl2 + H2O CaOCl2 + 2.HCl CaCl2 + Cl2 + H2O KClO3 + 6.HCl KCl + 3.Cl2 + 3.H2O PbO2 + 4.HCl PbCl2 + Cl2 + 2.H2O c) Hiro bromua v axit bromhiric(HBr): c tnh kh mnh hn HCl : 4.HBr + O2 2.H2O + 2.Br2 ( => dung dch HBr trong khng kh lu ngy c mu vng nu ) 2.HBr + H2SO4(c) Br2 + SO2 + 2.H2O 4.HBr + MnO2 MnBr2 + Br2 + 2.H2O d) Hiro iotua v axit iothiric(HI): c tnh kh mnh nht trong dy HX : 4.HI + O2 2.H2O + 2.I2 8.HI + H2SO4 4.I2 + H2S + 4.H2O 4.HI + Mn O2 Mn I2 + I2 + 2.H2O
+4 +2

2.H I

+ 2. Fe Cl3 2. Fe Cl2 + I 2 + 2.HCl

0

+3

+2

IV. PHNG PHP IU CH:

1. Hiro florua (axit flohiric). 2500 C CaF2 + H2SO4 (c) CaSO4 + 2.HF (hiro florua)

3. Hiro bromua (axit brom hiric): Thu phn PBr3 : PBr3 + 3.H2O H3PO3 + 3.HBr

2. Hiro clorua (axit clohiric). 4. Hiro iotua (axit iot hiric): a) Trong phng th nghim: NaCl (tt) + H2SO4 c Thu phn PI3 : 2500 C PI3 + 3.H2O H3PO3 + 3.HI NaHSO4 + HCl . Hoc : H2S + I2 S + 2.HI 2.NaCl (tt) +H2SO4c 0 > 250 C Na2SO4+ 2.HCl b) Trong cng nghip: (1) Phng php sunfat (nh trong phng th nghim). (2) Phng php tng hp ( t chy H2 trong kh Cl2.): H2 + Cl2 2.HCl Ngy nay mt lng ln HCl thu c trong cng nghip t qu trnh clo ha hiro cacbon.
B. MUI HALOGENUA: (gm Mui florua, mui clorua, mui bromua, mui iotua)

3- Nhn bit ion Clorua Cl -, bromua Br -, iotua I -: Thuc th: dung dch AgNO3 Hin tng: xut hin kt ta khng tan trong axit mnh. Phng trnh phn ng: 1) : AgNO3 + NaCl AgCl + NaNO3 2- Tnh cht ha hc : (2) : AgNO3 + HCl AgCl + HNO3 Tnh cht chung ca mui (mu trng) Mui AgCl , AgBr, AgI km bn nhit, b phn (1) : AgNO + NaBr AgBr + NaNO 3 3 hy bi nh sng : AgBr + HNO3 (2) : AgNO3 + HBr as 2.AgCl 2.Ag + Cl2 , (vng nht) as 2.AgBr 2.Ag + Br2 (1) : AgNO3 + NaI AgI + NaNO3 => AgBr dng ch to phim nh (2) : AgNO3 + HI AgI + HNO3 as (mu vng) 2.AgI 2.Ag + I2 1- Tnh tan: a s mui halogenua d tan trong nc, mt vi mui hu nh khng tan, l : AgCl , PbCl2 , CuCl , Hg2Cl2 (rt t tan) . Cc mui florua u c. AgCl, AgBr, AgI : tan gim dn
C. HP CHT CHA OXY CA HALOGEN : I. HP CHT CHA OXY CA CLO :

1) Cc oxit v axit c oxi ca clo.

3) Clorua vi.

? Luyn thi i hc- Cao ng Mn H a hc

a) Mt s axit cha oxy : H Cl O (Axit hipoclor). H Cl O3 (Axit cloric).
+5 +7 +1 +3

@ Gio vin: Bi Hu Tun

a) Cu to : CaOCl2 l mui hn tp ca 2 axit HCl v H Cl O2 (Axit hipoclor). HClO (axit hipo clor) . 1

H Cl O4 (Axit pecloric).

Cl

b) Tnh cht ha hc: HClO HClO2 HClO3 HClO4 : Tnh bn v tnh axit tng dn , tnh oxi ha gim dn.
t Tnh oxy ha mnh : v d 4.HClO + PbS PbSO4 + 4.HCl Tnh km bn, d b phn hy : as HClO + O HCl as 2.HClO2 HClO + HClO3 t 4.HClO3
o o o

CTCT :

Ca
+1

4.ClO2 + O2 + 2.H2O

xt .P2O5 ,t 2.HClO4 Cl2O5 + H2O to c) iu ch: Phn hy, v d: 3.HClO 2.HCl + HClO3 Phn ng trao i, v d: Ba(ClO3)2 + H2SO4 (long) BaSO4 + 2.HClO3

O Cl b) Tnh cht v ng dng : (1) Clorua vi (cha Cl+1) c tnh oxi ha mnh nn clorua vi cng dng ty mu v st trng nh ty trng si, vi, giy, ty u cc h rc, cng rnh... CaOCl2 + 2.HCl CaCl2 + Cl2 + H2O (oxy ha) (kh) (2) CaOCl2 l mui ca axit yu nn d tc dng vi CO2 ca khng kh to ra HClO. 2.CaOCl2 + CO2 + H2O CaCO3 + CaCl2 + 2 HClO. 30o C c) Phng php iu ch: Cl2 + Ca(OH)2 CaOCl2 + H2O (vi ti) Ch : 2.Cl2 + 2.Ca(OH)2 CaCl2 + Ca(OCl)2 + 2.H2O (nc vi trong) 4) Mui clorat: l mui ca axit cloric (HClO3) nh Kali clorat (KClO3) a) Tnh cht v ng dng : KClO3 l cht rn tinh th, khng mu, t tan .
2 (1) Nhit phn: 2.KClO3 2.KCl + 3.O2 t O thap

2) Nc javen : a) Thnh phn cu to: l dung dch hn hp mui NaCl , NaClO , H2O b) Tnh cht v ng dng : (1) Nc javen cha NaClO (cha Cl+1) c tnh oxi ha mnh nn dng ty mu v st trng nh ty trng vi, si, giy, ty u nh v sinh ... 2.NaClO + 2.HCl 2.NaCl + Cl2 + H2O (oxy ha) (kh) (2) Nc javen cha NaClO l mui ca axit yu nn d tc dng vi CO2 ca khng kh to ra HClO. NaClO + CO2 + H2O NaHCO3 + HClO. c) Phng php iu ch: in phn dung dch NaCl khng c mn ngn dpdd 2.NaCl + 2.H2O Cl2 + H2 + 2.NaOH mnx (1)
0 1 +1 Cl 2 + 2.NaOH Na Cl + Na Cl O + H2O (2) dpdd (1+2) => NaCl + H2O NaClO + H2 k o mn

MnO

=> Phn ng dng iu ch O2 trong phng th nghim. to 2.KClO3 KCl + KClO4 (2) Tnh oxy ha mnh: KClO3 + 6.HCl (c) KCl + 3.Cl2 + 3.H2O to 2.KClO3 + 3.C 2.KCl + 3.CO2 v 2.KClO3
t + 3.S 2.KCl + 3.SO2 KClO3 dng lm thuc dim: 5.KClO3 + 6.P 5.KCl + 3.P2O5 Hn hp KClO3 + S + C dng lm thuc n en: 2.KClO3 + 2.S + C 2.KCl + 2.SO2 + CO2 b) Phng php iu ch : in phn dung dch KCl 70o 75oC (khng c mn ngn) 70o C 3.Cl2 + 6.KOH 5.KCl + KClO3 + 3.H2O
o

KCl + 3.H2O KClO3 + 3.H2 70O C 5) Mui peclorat: nh Kali peclorat: KClO4 c tnh oxy ha, b nhit phn
dpdd
2 KClO4 KCl + 2.O2 t O thap

MnO

t KClO4 + H2SO4 (c) KHSO4 + HClO4 dpdd KClO3 + H2O KClO4 + H2

II. HP CHT CA FLO VI OXY:

1-iu ch: 2F2+2NaOH 2NaF + H2O + OF2 2-Tnh cht: OF2 l cht kh khng mu, c mi c bit, rt c. L cht oxi ha mnh, tc dng hu ht vi kim loi v phi kim to oxit v florua.
III. HP CHT CHA OXY CA BROM :
Axit hipobrom (HBrO) : Br2 + H2O HBr + HBrO Axit bromic (HBrO3): Br2 + 5.Cl2 + 6.H2O 2.HBrO3 + 10.HCl

O F2 (oxi florua) :

+2 1

? Luyn thi i hc- Cao ng Mn H a hc

Axit pebromic (HBrO4)
IV. HP CHT CHA OXY CA IOT : (nh brom)

@ Gio vin: Bi Hu Tun

@Ghi nh:

HIO HBrO HClO

HIO3 HBrO3 HClO3

HIO4 HBrO4 HClO4

Tnh bn, tnh axit v tnh oxy ha tng dn A. LY THUYET AP DUNG : A C Cu 1: ( thi Cao ng 2009) Cht dng lm kh kh Cl2 m l A. dd H2SO4 m c B. Na2SO3 khan C. CaO D. dung dch NaOH c

Cu 2: ( thi Cao ng-2011) Mc phn cc ca lin kt ho hc trong cc phn t c sp xp theo th t gim dn t tri sang phi l: A. HBr, HI, HCl B. HI, HBr, HCl C. HCl , HBr, HI D. HI, HCl , HBr Cu 3: ( thi i hc Khi A-2011-) Pht biu no sau y l sai ? A. Bn knh nguyn t ca clo ln hn ca flo. B. m in ca brom ln hn m in ca iot. C. Tnh axit ca HF mnh hn tnh axit ca HCl. D. Tnh kh ca ion Br- ln hn tnh kh ca ion Cl-. Cu 4: ( thi Cao ng-2011) Pht biu no sau y khng ng ? A. Mui AgI khng tan trong nc, mui AgF tan trong nc B. Dung dch HF ho tan c SiO2 D. Flo c tnh oxi ho mnh hn clo. C. Trong hp cht, ngoi s oxi ho -1, flo v clo cn c s oxi ho +1, +3, +5, +7 Cu 5: ( thi Cao ng -2010-) Pht biu no sau y ng? A. Dd NaF phn ng dd AgNO3 to ra AgF kt ta. C. Flo c tnh oxi ho yu hn clo. B. Iot c bn knh nguyn t ln hn brom. D. Axit HBr c tnh axit yu hn axit HCl. Cu 6: ( thi Cao ng -2011) Kh no sau y khng b oxi ha bi nc Gia-ven. A. HCHO. B. H2S. C. CO2. D. SO2. Cu 7: ( thi i hc Khi A 2008) Cho cc phn ng sau : (1) 4HCl + MnO2 MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O (2) 2HCl + Fe FeCl2 + H2. (3) 14HCl + K2Cr2O7 2KCl + 2CrCl3 + 3Cl2 + 7H2O. (4) 6HCl + 2Al 2AlCl3 + 3H2. (5) 16HCl + 2KMnO4 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O. S phn ng trong HCl th hin tnh oxi ha l A. 2. B. 1. C. 4. D. 3. Cu 8: ( thi i hc Khi A-2009 ) Cho cc phn ng sau : (1) 4HCl + PbO2 PbCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O (3) HCl + NH4HCO3 NH4Cl + CO2 + H2O (2) 2HCl + 2HNO3 2NO3 + Cl2 + 2H2O (4) 2HCl + Zn ZnCl2 + H2 S phn ng trong HCl th hin tnh kh l A. 2 B. 4 C. 1 D. 3 Cu 9: ( thi i hc Khi B-2009) Nu cho 1 mol mi cht: CaOCl2, KMnO4, K2Cr2O7, MnO2 ln lt phn ng vi lng d dung dch HCl c, cht to ra lng kh Cl2 nhiu nht l A. KMnO4. B. K2Cr2O7. C. CaOCl2. D. MnO2. Cu 10: ( thi i hc Khi B-2009) Dy gm cc cht u tc dng c vi dung dch HCl long l : A. AgNO3, (NH4)2CO3, CuS. B. Mg(HCO3)2, HCOONa, CuO. C. FeS, BaSO4, KOH. D. KNO3, CaCO3, Fe(OH)3. Cu 11: ( thi i hc Khi A-2007) Trong phng th nghim, ngi ta thng iu ch clo bng cch A. in phn nng chy NaCl B. cho dung dch HCl c tc dng vi MnO2, un nng C. in phn dung dch NaCl c mng ngn D. cho F2 y Cl2 ra khi dung dch NaCl to Cu 12: ( thi Cao ng 2012) Cho phn ng ha hc: 3.Cl2 + 6.KOH 5.KCl + KClO3 + H2O T l gia s nguyn t clo ng vai tr cht oxi ha v s nguyn t clo ng vai tr cht kh trong phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng cho tng ng l A. 3 : 1. B. 1 : 3. C. 5 : 1. D. 1 : 5. Cu 13: ( thi i hc Khi A-2010 ) Trong phn ng: K2Cr2O7 + HCl CrCl3 + Cl2 + KCl + H2O S phn t HCl ng vai tr cht kh bng k ln tng s phn t HCl tham gia phn ng. Gi tr ca k l A. 4/7. B. 1/7. C. 3/14. D. 3/7.

B C A

CHUYN 5.

NHM OXY-LU HUNH V HP CHT

6

? Luyn thi i hc- Cao ng Mn H a hc

I. V TR V CU TO NGUYN T .
16 32

@ Gio vin: Bi Hu Tun

NGUYN T OXY V LU HUNH

Nhm VIA : Oxy ( 8 O ) , S ( 16 S ) , Se ( 34 Se ) , Te ( 52Te ) , Poloni ( 86 Po ) Chu k : 2 3 4 5 6 2. Cu to nguyn t . Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng c dng: ns2np4 ( 6 e lp ngoi cng ) S oxy ha trong hp cht : O: -2 (ch yu) v S , Se , Te : -2 , +4 , +6 . Bn knh nguyn t ln hn v m in nh hn so vi cc nguyn t halogen cng chu k T O Te : m in gim dn >< Bn knh nguyn t tng dn . 1. V tr :
OXY V OZON LU HUNH

3. Cu to phn t. a) Oxy: CTPT : O2 v CTCT : O = O b) Ozon (O3) v O2 l 2 dng th hnh ca ng t Oxy O O O Phn t ozon c 3 lin kt cng ho tr trong c 1 lin kt cho nhn km bn
II. TNH CHT VT L .

3. Cu to phn t. c) Lu hunh : CTPT : S8-mch vng ( n gin k hiu l: S ) c 2 dng th hunh : l Lu hunh n t S v Lu hunh t phng S

II. TNH CHT VT L .

1) Oxy: l sn phm ca qu trnh quang hp: 6CO2 + 6H2O asmt C6H12O6 +6O2 l cht kh, khng mu, khng mi, khng v, nng hn khng kh, tan t trong nc ho lng -1830C, oxy lng c mu xanh nht. 2) Ozon: l cht kh mu xanh nht,mi c trng,nng hn khng kh, ho lng -1120C v c mu xanh m. Ozon tan trong nc nhiu hn oxi gp 16 ln
III. TNH CHT HA HC :

3) Lu hunh : S l cht rn tinh th mu vng, S bn di 95,5oC > < S trn 95,5oC bn v nhit nng chy : S < S nhng khi lng ring S > S

III. TNH CHT HA HC :

1) OXY (O2) : l phi kim hot ng, c tnh oxi ha mnh. ( V O c m in ln (3,44) ch ng sau flo (3,98), nn oxi d dng nhn 2e: O + 2e O-2 ) a) Tc dng vi hu ht kim loi (tr Au, Pt): to 4.Na + O2 2.Na2O
t 2.Mg + O2 2.MgO to 4.Al + 3.O2 2.Al2O3 t 3.Fe + 2.O2 Fe3O4 b) Tc dng vi phi kim (tr halogen): to 2.H2 + O2 2.H2O t C + O2 CO2 to S + O2 SO2
o o o

3) LU HUNH (S): < va kh va oxi ha > a) Tnh oxi ha (So + 2.e S2) : tc dng vi kim loi v phi kim (hiro...) t o .thuong Hg + S HgS
t Fe + S FeS t o cao 2.Al + 3.S Al2S3 t 2.Cu + S Cu2S to C + 2.S CS2 t H2 + S H2S (hiro sunfua) b) Tnh kh: (So 4.e (6e) S+4, S+6 ) : tc dng vi phi kim (oxi, clo, flo) v hp cht to S + 3.F2 SF6 t S + 6.HNO3 (c) H2SO4 + 6.NO2 + 2.H2O t S + O2 SO2 ( sunfur) to 3.S + 2.KClO3 2.KCl + 3.SO2 c) Tnh t oxi ha-kh : to S + 2.H2SO4 (c) 3.SO2 + 2.H2O
o

4.P + 3.O2(thiu) 2.P2O3 (i photpho tri oxit)

t 4.P + 5.O2() 2.P2O5 (i photpho penta oxit) c) Tc dng vi hp cht v c v hu c: to 2.CO + O2 2. CO2
2 5 SO2 + O2 CO2 to o

to

VO

3.S + 6.NaOH 2.Na2S + Na2SO3 + 3.H2O t

2.H2S + 3.O2 2.SO2 + 2.H2O o t 4.FeS2 + 11O2 2.Fe2O3 + 8.SO2

t t CH4 + 2.O2 CO2 + 2.H2O o t + 3.O2 2.CO2 + 3.H2O
o

C2H5OH

? Luyn thi i hc- Cao ng Mn H a hc

C6H12O6 + 6.O2 6.CO2 + 6.H2O 2) OZON (O3): c 1 lin kt cho nhn km bn nn O3 O2 + O => tnh oxi ha mn hn oxi a) Ozon oxi ha hu ht cc kim loi (tr Au, Pt) t0 thng: Ag + O2 2Ag + O3 Ag2O + O2 3.Mg + O3 3.MgO b) Ozon oxy ha nhiu phi kim: 2.C + 2.O3 2.CO2 + O2 Cl2 + 2.O3 Cl2O6 c) Ozon tc dng vi nhiu hp cht : 3.SO2 + O3 3.SO3 t0 thng: PbS + O2 PbS + 4.O3 PbSO4 + 4.O2 KI + H2O + O2 2.KI + H2O + O3 I2 + O2 + 2.KOH => Dng dd KI v h tinh bt nhn bit O3 hp cht mu xanh tm
IV- NG DNG. IV- NG DNG.
to

@ Gio vin: Bi Hu Tun

1) Oxy (O2) : Oxi c vai tr quyt nh s sng ca con ngi v ng vt. Oxi dng trong cng nghip luyn kim . 2) Ozon (O3): Trongt nhin: bo v tri t, ngn tia t ngoi, lm sch khng kh Trong y t: kh trng v trongcng nghip: ty trng .
V. PHNG PHP IU CH:

3) Lu hunh (S): Sn xut H2SO4 (90%) Lu ho cao su, ch to dim, dc phm, phm nhum, thuc tr su.

V. PHNG PHP IU CH:

1) Oxy (O2) : a) Trong phng th nghim: Nhit phn hp cht giu oxi, km bn vi nhit nh KMnO4, KClO3, H2O2 to 2.KMnO4 K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
MnO2 2.H2O2 2.H2O + O2
2 2.KClO3 2.KCl + 3 O2 to

MnO

MnO2 2.Na2O2 + 2.H2O 4.NaOH + O2 b) Trong cng nghip. Chng ct phn on khng kh lng in phn nc: dien . phan 2.H2O 2.H2 + O2 (anot) 2) Ozon (O3) trong t nhin: tia.luu.dien 2.O3 3.O2

3) Lu hunh (S): a. Khai thc S : nn nc siu nng (1700C) vo m S trong lng t y S nng chy ln mt nc. b. Trong cng nghip: (Nguyn tc: oxi ha hp cht S-2 S0 hoc kh hp cht ca S+4,S+6 S0 ) t kh H2S trong O2 (thiu): to 2.H2S + O2 (thiu) 2.S + 2.H2O Kh SO2 bng H2S : to 2.H2S + SO2 3.S + 2.H2O Kh SO2 bng CO: t o , xt 2.CO + SO2 S + CO2

HP CHT CA OXY- LU HUNH

A. HIRO PEOXIT: (nc oxi gi) I. CU TO PHN T : H2O2 B. HIRO SUNFUA :
I. CU TO PHN T :

H O H O

S -2

H 2S

(1) c 3 lin kt cng ho tr ( trong c 2 lin kt CHT phn cc O-H ) (2) cha O-1 l s oxi ha trung gian
II. TNH CHT VT L .

H H (1) Cha lin kt cng ho tr phn cc (2) Lu hunh c s oxi ha l -2 (thp nht)
II. TNH CHT VT L .

H2O2 l cht lng, khng mu, nng hn H2O (d=1,45 L cht kh khng mu, mi trng thi, nng hn g/ml) , ho rn -0,480C, tan v hn trong nc khng kh, rt c, ho lng -600C, ho rn -860C. Kh H2S tan t trong nc to thnh dung dch axit yu

? Luyn thi i hc- Cao ng Mn H a hc

III. TNH CHT HA HC :

@ Gio vin: Bi Hu Tun

III. TNH CHT HA HC :

1-H2O2 l 1 cht km bn, d phn hy (phn ng to nhiu nhit): MnO2 2.H2O2 2.H2O + O2 2- H2O2 va c tnh kh, va c tnh oxi ha +e a) Tnh oxi ha (H2O2 H2O) NaNO3 + H2O v H2O2 + 2.KI H2O2 + NaNO2 I2 + 2.KOH PbS + 2.H2O2 PbSO4 + 4.H2O e b) Tnh kh (H2O2 O2 ) H2O2 + Ag2O H2O + 2.Ag + O2 5.H2O2 + 2.K MnO4 + 3.H2SO4 K2SO4 + 5.O2 + 2.MnSO4 + 8.H2O

1.Tnh axit yu: Dung dch H2S (axit sunfu hiric) l mt axit yu 2 nc (yu hn axit cacbonic). H2S + dd kim c th to ra 2 loi mui : mui sunfua (cha S2-): l mui trung ha v mui hiro sunfua (cha HS-): mui axit V d 1: H2S + NaOH NaHS + H2O (1) H2S + 2.NaOH Na2S + 2.H2O (2) V d 1: 2.H2S + Ca(OH)2 Ca(HS)2 + 2.H2O (1) H2S + Ca(OH)2 CaS + 2.H2O (2) 2. Tnh kh mnh: a) Tc dng vi O2: Dung dch H2S ngoi khng kh b vn c kt ta vng to 2.H2S + O2 2.S + 2.H2O nhit cao, H2S chy cho ngn la xanh nht to 2.H2S + 3.O2 () 2.SO2 + 2.H2O Nu thiu oxy : to 2.H2S + O2 (thiu) 2.S + 2.H2O b) Tc dng vi Cl2 Tc dng vi nc clo H2S + 4.Cl2 + 4.H2O H2SO4 + 8.HCl (oxyha) (kh) Tc dng vi kh Cl2: H2S + Cl2 S + 2.HCl
IV- NG DNG. IV. TRNG THI T NHIN:

Ty trng bt git, vi, si, giy, len, st trng, kh trng trong nng nghip
IV- NG DNG. IV. TRNG THI T NHIN:

Trong t nhin, hidro sunfua c trong mt s nc sui, trong kh ni la thot ra t cht protein b thi ra
V. PHNG PHP IU CH: V. PHNG PHP IU CH:

C. MUI SUNFUA:

1-Nguyn tc: mui sunfua kim loi trc Pb hoc NH4+ tc dng axit loi 1 (H2SO4 long, HCl.. ) 2-V d : FeS + 2.HCl FeCl2 + H2S

I. Tnh cht vy l: a s kt ta tr mui sunfua ca kim loi kim, kim th, Al, amoni... Mt s mui sunfua c mu c trng nh: CdS mu vng, FeS, CuS, PbS, Ag2S mu en, HgS mu . II. Tnh cht ha hc: 1- Mui sunfua ca kim loi kim nhm IA, kim th nhm IIA(tr Be) tan trong H2O v tc dng vi axit H2SO4 long, HCl gii phng kh H2S : Na2S + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + H2S 2- Mui sunfua ca kim loi nng nh PbS, CuS khng tan trong H2O v khng tc dng vi axit H2SO4 long, HCl 3- Mui sunfua ca kim loi cn li nh FeS, ZnS khng tan trong H2O v tc dng vi axit H2SO4 long, HCl : FeS + 2.HCl FeCl2 + H2S
I. LU HUNH IOXIT (SO2) D. CC OXIT CA LU HUNH : II. LU HUNH TRIOXIT (SO3)

1.Cu to phn t:

..
S

hay O O

..
S O

1. Cu to phn t:

O S

O
hay

CTCT:

S O

(1) phn t cha lin kt CHT phn cc. (2) s oxi ha ca S trong SO2 l +4 (trung gian) 2.Tnh cht vt l:

S oxy ha ca S trong SO3 = +6 (cao nht) 2) Tnh cht vt l :

? Luyn thi i hc- Cao ng Mn H a hc

Kh khng mu, mi hc, rt c, nng hn 2 ln khng kh, ha lng 10Oc , v tan nhiu trong nc 3.Tnh cht ho hc: a) Lu hunh ioxit SO2 l mt oxit axit: (1) Tc dng vi nc to thnh axit sunfur: SO2 + H2O H2SO3 (Axit sunfur) Axit sunfur l axit yu (nhng mnh hn axit H2S v axit cacbonic) v khng bn, d phn hu H2SO3 SO2 + H2O (2) Tc dng oxit baz, baz (kim) c th to 2 loi mui : Mui trung ho (mui sunfit cha SO32-) v d: Na2SO3, CaSO3 Mui axit (mui hiro sunfit cha HSO3 -) v d: NaHSO3, Ba(HSO3)2.... Na2O + SO2 Na2SO3 SO2 + NaOH NaHSO3 (1) SO2 + 2.NaOH Na2SO3 + H2O (2) 2.SO2 + Ca(OH)2 Ca(HSO3)2 (1) CaSO3 + H2O (2) SO2 + Ca(OH)2 b) SO2 l cht va c tnh kh va c tnh oxi ha Tnh kh ( S+4 - 2e S+6 ):
V2 O5 (1): 2.SO2 + O2 2.SO3 o t

@ Gio vin: Bi Hu Tun

cht lng, khng mu, tan v hn trong nc v trong axit sunfuric H2SO4 n.SO3 + H2SO4 H2SO4.nSO3 (olum) 3) Tnh cht ho hc: (1) SO3 l mt oxit axit: tc dng vi nc, oxit baz, baz: SO3 + H2O H2SO4 SO3 + NaOH NaHSO4 SO3 + CaO CaSO4 SO3 + 2.NaOH Na2SO4 (2) Tnh oxy ha:

(2): SO2 lm mt mu dung dch brom, dung dch nc clo, v dung dch thuc tm SO2 + X2 + H2O H2SO4 + 2.HX ( X l : Cl , Br ) 5. SO2 + 2.K MnO4 + 2.H2O K2SO4 + MnSO4 + 2.H2SO4 Tnh oxi ha ( S+4 + 4e... S0 ...) (1) Tc dng kim loi mnh: to SO2 + 2.Mg S + 2.MgO (2) Tc dng hp cht kh: HI, CO, H2S, SO2 + 4.HI S + 2.I2 + 2.H2O SO2 + 2.CO S + 2.CO2 SO2 + 2.H2S 3. S + 2.H2O ( SO2 lm vn c kt ta mu vng, dung dch H2S ) 5) ng dng: Sn xut axit sunfuric Ty trng giy, bt giy, chng nm mc cho lng thc, thc phm 6) Tc hi: Lu hunh ioxit- cht gy nhim, sinh ra do s chy cc nhin liu ho thch (than, du, kh t) gy ra ma axit tn ph cng trnh kin trc, t ai, gy hi sc kho con ngi. 7) Phng php iu ch: Trong phng th nghim: Na2SO3(rn) + H2SO4(c) to Na2SO4 + H2O + SO2 Trong cng nghip: to (1): t lu hunh: S + O2 SO2 (2): t qung sunfua-kim loi (nh qung pirit-st): to 4FeS2 + 11O2 2.Fe2O3 + 8.SO2
E. AXIT SUNFURIC :

4) ng dng: l cht trung gian sn xut axit H2SO4

V2 O5 5) iu ch : 2.SO2 + O2 2.SO3 o t

G. MUI SUNFAT :

1.Cu to phn t: (H2SO4)

1) Mui sunfat:

10

? Luyn thi i hc- Cao ng Mn H a hc @ Gio vin: Bi Hu Tun a) Mui sunfat l mui ca axit sunfuric gm 2 loi: H O H O O O CTCT: hay Mui trung ho (mui sunfat cha SO42-) S S v d: Na2SO4, BaSO4 O H O O H O Mui axit (mui hiro sunfat cha HSO4 ) Trong hp cht H2SO4 , nguyn t S c s oxi ha +6 v d: KHSO4, Ca(HSO4)2 .... (cao nht) 2.Tnh cht vt l b) Tnh tan: a s tan nhiu trong H2O Cht lng, snh nh du, khng mu, khng bay hi, (tr BaSO4 khng tan, PbSO4 v CaSO4 t tan). nng hn H2O ( d H2SO4 98% = 1,84 g/ml ) Axit sunfuric c rt ho nc, ht m mnh, tan nhiu trong nc to thnh cc hirat H2SO4.nH2O v to nhit ln => pha long axit H2SO4 cho t t H2SO4 c vo H2O m khng lm ngc li. 3.Tnh cht ho hc a) Tnh cht ca dung dch axit sunfuric long: ( H2SO4 l axit mnh v l axit 2 ln axit ) (1) Lm qu tm ha . (2) Tc dng vi baz, oxit baz, mui ca axit yu hn , , cht in ly yu H2SO4 + NaOH NaHSO4 H2SO4 + BaO BaSO4 + H2O H2SO4 + 2.NaOH Na2SO4 + H2O H2SO4 + Na2SO3 Na2SO4 + H2O + SO2 (3) tc dng vi kim loi hot ng gii phng H2. b) Tnh cht ca axit sunfuric c: Axit H2SO4 c nng c tnh oxi ha rt mnh, oxy ha c hu ht cc kim loi, nhiu phi kim v nhiu hp cht ( ln mc oxy ha cao nht) +e (1) Tnh oxi ha : (S+6 S+4 , S0 , S-2) Tc dng kim loi (tr Au, Pt): ( n: ha tr max ca kim loi ) to - Kim loi M (K Zn) + H2SO4 (c) M2(SO4)n + sn phm kh (SO2, S, H2S) + H2O to Mg + 2.H2SO4 (c) MgSO4 + SO2 + 2.H2O.
t 3.Mg + 4.H2SO4 (c) 3.MgSO4 + S + 4.H2O. to 4.Mg + 4.H2SO4 (c) 4.MgSO4 + H2S + 4.H2O.
o o

c) Tnh cht ha hc (tnh cht chung ca mui): tc dng axit, baz, mui , , cht in ly yu

t - Kim loi M (Fe Ag) + H2SO4 (c) M2(SO4)n + SO2 + H2O to 2.Fe + 6.H2SO4 (c) Fe2(SO4)3 +3.SO2+ 6.H2O. t Cu + 2.H2SO4 (c) CuSO4 + SO2 + 2.H2O. @Ghi nh: Fe, Al, Cr b H2SO4 c, ngui lm th ng ha. Tc dng phi kim: to S + 2.H2SO4 (c) 3.SO2 + 2.H2O t C + 2.H2SO4 (c) CO2 + 2.SO2 + 2.H2O to 2.P + 5.H2SO4 (c) 2.H3PO4 + 5.SO2 + 2.H2O
o o

Tc dng hp cht kh : 2.HBr + H2SO4 Br2 + SO2 + 2.H2O 8.HI + H2SO4 4.I2 + H2S + 4.H2O ( hoc: 2.HI + H2SO4 I2 + SO2 + 2.H2O ) (2) Tnh ho nc: H2SO4 CuSO4.5H2O CuSO4 + 5.H2O

11

? Luyn thi i hc- Cao ng Mn H a hc

(mu xanh) (mu trng) H2SO4 Cn(H2O)m n.C + m.H2O (1)
t C + 2.H2SO4 (c) CO2 + 2.SO2 + 2.H2O (2)
o

@ Gio vin: Bi Hu Tun

4. ng dng: Dng trong cng nghip luyn kim, du m Sn xut phm nhum, dc phm, phn bn, thuc tr su, cht do, si, giy, cht ty ra, sn , acquy

2) Nhn bit ion sunfat: a) Thuc th: dung dch mui Ba2+ hoc Ba(OH)2 b) Hin tng : xut hin kt ta trng khng tan trong axit hoc kim . c) PTP v d : H2SO4 + Ba(OH)2 BaSO4 + 2.H2O Na2SO4 + BaCl2 BaSO4 + 2.NaCl

5. Sn xut axit sunfuric (phng php tip xc) a) Sn xut SO2 : S + O2 SO2 hoc 4.FeS2 + 11.O2 2.Fe2O3 + 8.SO2
V2 O5 b) Sn xut SO3: : 2.SO2 + O2 2.SO3 o t

c) Sn xut H2SO4: (1) Hp th SO3 bng H2SO4 c (ngc dng) oleum (H2SO4.nSO3) (2) Pha long oleum bng H2Othu c H2SO4 : H2SO4.nSO3 + nH2O (n+1)H2SO4

A. LY THUYET AP DUNG :
D Cu 14: ( thi i hc Khi B-2008) Hi thu ngn rt c, bi vy khi lm v nhit k thu ngn th cht bt c dng rc ln thu ngn l A. vi sng. B. ct. C. mui n. D. lu hunh Cu 15: ( thi Cao ng -2010-) Nguyn t S ng vai tr va l cht kh, va l cht oxi ho trong phn ng no sau y ? t0 t0 A. S + 2Na Na2S. B. S + 6HNO3 (c) H2SO4 + 6NO2 + 2H2O.
t t C. S + 3F2 SF6. D. 4S + 6NaOH(c) 2Na2S + Na2S2O3 + 3H2O. Cu 16: ( thi i hc Khi A-2010) Cht kh X tan trong nc to ra mt dung dch lm chuyn mu qu tm thnh v c th dng lm cht ty mu ty trng giy v bt giy trong cng nghip . Kh X l : A. NH3 B. O3 C. SO2 D. CO2 Cu 17: ( thi Cao ng-2007-) SO2 lun th hin tnh kh trong cc phn ng vi A. H2S, O2, nc Br2. B. dung dch NaOH, O2, dung dch KMnO4. C. dung dch KOH, CaO, nc Br2. D. O2, nc Br2, dung dch KMnO4. Cu 18: ( thi Cao ng-2008-) Trng hp khng xy ra phn ng ha hc l A. O3 + 2KI + H2O 2KOH + I2 + O2. B. 3O2 + 2H2S 2H2O + 2SO2. C. Cl2 + 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H2O. D. FeCl2 + H2S FeS + 2HCl.
0 0

Cu 19: ( thi i hc Khi A 2008 ) Trong phng th nghim, ngi ta iu ch oxi bng cch A. in phn nc. B. nhit phn Cu(NO3)2 C. nhit phn KClO3 c xc tc MnO2. D. chng ct phn on khng kh lng. Cu 20: ( thi Cao ng-2011) Dn mu kh thi ca mt nh my qua dung dch Pb(NO3)2 d th thy xut hin kt ta mu en. Hin tng chng t trong kh thi nh my c kh no sau y ? A. SO2 B. CO2 C. H2S D. NH3 Cu 21: ( thi i hc Khi B-2012) Mt mu kh thi c sc vo dung dch CuSO4, thy xut hin kt ta mu en. Hin tng ny do cht no c trong kh thi gy ra?

12

? Luyn thi i hc- Cao ng Mn H a hc

D C B D D

@ Gio vin: Bi Hu Tun

A. H2S B. NO2 C. SO2 D. CO2 Cu 22: ( thi i hc Khi B-2010 ) Phng php loi b tp cht HCl c ln trong kh H2S l: Cho hn hp kh li t t qua lng d dung dch : A. Pb(NO3)2. B. AgNO3. C. NaOH. D. NaHS. Cu 23: ( thi i hc Khi A-2009 ) ng dng no sau y khng phi ca ozon ? A. Cha su rng B. Ty trng tinh bt, du n C. iu ch oxi trong phng th nghim D. St trng nc sinh hot Cu 24: ( thi i hc Khi A 2012) Dy cht no sau y u th hin tnh oxi ha khi phn ng vi SO2? A. H2S, O2, nc brom. B. O2, nc brom, dung dch KMnO4. C. Dung dch NaOH, O2, dung dch KMnO4. D. Dung dch BaCl2, CaO, nc brom. Cu 25: ( thi i hc Khi B-2007) C th phn bit 3 dung dch KOH, HCl, H2SO4(long) bng mt thuc th l A. giy qu tm B. Zn C. Al D. BaCO3 Cu 26: ( thi i hc Khi B-2009 ) Trng hp no sau y khng xy ra phn ng ha hc? A. Cho Fe vo dung dch H2SO4 long, ngui. B. Sc kh Cl2 vo dung dch FeCl2. C. Sc kh H2S vo dung dch CuCl2. D. Sc kh H2S vo dung dch FeCl2. Cu 27: ( thi Cao ng-2011) Cho cc cht : KBr, S, SiO2, P, Na3PO4, FeO, Cu v Fe2O3. Trong cc cht trn, s cht c th oxi ho bi dung dch axit H2SO4 c nng l : A. 4 B. 5 C. 7 D. 6 Cu 28: ( thi i hc Khi B-2012) Cho cc cht ring bit sau: FeSO4, AgNO3, Na2SO3, H2S, HI, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 c, nng. S trng hp xy ra phn ng oxi ha kh l A. 6 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 Cu 29: ( thi i hc Khi B-2008) Cho cc phn ng sau : Cc phn ng to ra n cht l : t0 t0 (1) O3 +dung dch KI (2) F2 + H2O (3) MnO2 +HCl c (4) Cl2 + dung dch H2S A. (1), (2), (3). B. (1), (3), (4). C. (2), (3), (4). D. (1), (2), (4). Cu 30: ( thi Cao ng-2008-) Cho s chuyn ho (mi mi tn mt phng trnh phn ng): dd. X dd.Y dd.Z NaOH Fe(OH)2 Fe2(SO4)3 BaSO4 . Cc dung dch X, Y, Z ln lt l : A. FeCl2, H2SO4 (c, nng), BaCl2. B. FeCl2, H2SO4 (long), Ba(NO3)2. C. FeCl3, H2SO4 (c, nng), BaCl2. D. FeCl3, H2SO4 (c, nng), Ba(NO3)2.

B C

B. MT S DNG BI TAP C BN

1- Bi ton kim loi phn ng halogen X2 ,O2 v S (lu hunh) .

@ Ghi nh, phng php gii.
t Kim loi (tr Au, Pt) + O2 , X2 , S oxit (O2 ), mui halogenua (X ), sunfua (S2 ),
o

ne cho = x.nkim loi (x l ha tr kim loi) ne nhn = 2. nX 2 + 4. nO2 + 2. nS => Theo LBT electron => x x nkim loi = 2. nX 2 + 4. nO2 + 2. nS

@ Bi
D

tp v d minh ha :

Cu 1: ( thi Cao ng-2009) t chy hon ton 7,2 gam kim loi M (c ho tr 2 khng i trong hp cht) trong hn hp kh Cl2 v O2 (th tch hn hp kh phn ng l 5,6 lt ktc). Sau phn ng thu c 23 gam cht rn. Kim loi M l : A. Be B. Cu C. Ca D. Mg

2- Bi ton kim loi phn ng axit loi 1 (H+ ) .

@ Ghi nh, phng php gii.

1) Kim loi (trc H) + Axit loi 1 (H2SO4 long, HCL) mui sunfat (clorua) + H2 . x M + x.H+(axit) Mx+(mui) + .H2 2 ne nhn = nH + = 2. nH 2 hay ne nhn = nHCL v ne nhn = 2. nH 2 SO4 . nCL ( muoi ) = nHCL = 2. nH 2 v nSO42 ( mui ) = nH 2 SO4 = nH 2
(1) LBT electron => x.nkim loi

= nH + = 2. nH 2 . 13

? Luyn thi i hc- Cao ng Mn H a hc

(2) LBT khi lng => m
mui sunfat

@ Gio vin: Bi Hu Tun

= m kim loi + mSO42 ( mui )

2) Oxit kim loi + Axit loi 1 (H2SO4 long, HCL) mui sunfat (clorua) + H2O . 2.H+(axit) + O2 (oxit) H2O LBT in tch <=> nH +
(axit)

= 2. nO2 (oxit) .

@ Bi
C

tp v d minh ha :

Cu 2: ( thi i hc A-2010 ) Cho x mol Fe tan hoan toan trong dung dich cha y mol H2SO4 (ti l x : y = 2 : 5), thu c mt san phm kh duy nht va dung dich chi cha mui sunfat. S mol electron do lng Fe trn nhng khi bi hoa tan la A. 3x B. y C. 2x D. 2y Cu 3: ( thi i hc B-2009 ) Cho 3,68 gam hn hp gm Al v Zn tc dng vi mt lng va dd H2SO4 10% thu c 2,24 lt kh H2 (ktc). Khi lng dung dch thu c sau phn ng l A. 101,48 gam. B. 101,68 gam. C. 97,80 gam D. 88,20 gam. Cu 4: ( thi i hc Khi A 2012) Ha tan hon ton 2,43 gam hn hp gm Mg v Zn vo mt lng va dung dch H2SO4 long, sau phn ng thu c 1,12 lt H2 (ktc) v dung dch X. Khi lng mui trong dung dch X l A. 5,83 gam. B. 7,33 gam. C. 4,83 gam. D. 7,23 gam. Cu 5: ( thi Cao ng-2007-) Ha tan hon ton 3,22 gam hn hp X gm Fe, Mg v Zn bng mt lng va dung dch H2SO4 long, thu c 1,344 lt hiro ( ktc) v dung dch cha m gam mui. Gi tr ca m l ? A. 10,27. B. 8,98. C. 7,25. D. 9,52. Cu 6: ( thi Cao ng-2008-) Cho 13,5 gam hn hp cc kim loi Al, Cr, Fe tc dng vi lng d dung dch H2SO4 long nng (trong iu kin khng c khng kh), thu c dung dch X v 7,84 lt kh H2 ( ktc). C cn dung dch X (trong iu kin khng c khng kh) c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l A. 48,8. B. 47,1. C. 45,5. D. 42,6. Cu 7: ( thi i hc A-2007 ) Cho m gam hn hp Mg, Al vo 250 ml dung dch X cha hn hp axit HCl 1M v axit H2SO4 0,5M thu c 5,32 lt H2 ( ktc) v dung dch Y (coi th tch dung dch khng i). Dung dch Y c pH l : A. 1. B. 6. C. 7. D. 2. Cu 8. ( thi i hc B-2007) Ho tan ht 7,74 gam hn hp bt Mg, Al bng 500 ml dd hn hp HCl 1M v H2SO4 0,28M thu c dd X v 8,736 lt kh H2 ( ktc). C cn dd X thu c lng mui khan l A. 77,86 gam. B. 25,95 gam. C. 103,85 gam. D. 38,93 gam. Cu 9*: ( thi Cao ng-2007-) Ho tan hon ton hn hp X gm Fe v Mg bng mt lng va dung dch HCl 20%, thu c dung dch Y. Nng ca FeCl2 trong dung dch Y l 15,76%. Nng % ca MgCl2 trong dung dch Y l A. 11,79%. B. 28,21%. C. 15,76%. D. 24,24%. Cu 10. ( thi i hc A-2007) Ho tan hon ton 2,81 gam hn hp gm Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO trong 500 ml axit H2SO4 0,1M (va ). Sau phn ng, hn hp mui sunfat khan thu c khi c cn dung dch c khi lng l ? A. 6,81 gam. B. 4,81 gam. C. 3,81 gam. D. 5,81 gam. Cu 11: ( thi Cao ng-2010-) Cho 0,015 mol mt loi hp cht oleum vo nc thu c 200 ml dung dch X. trung ho 100 ml dung dch X cn dng 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,15M. Phn trm v khi lng ca nguyn t lu hunh trong oleum trn l A. 35,95%. B. 37,86%. C. 32,65%. D. 23,97%.

3- Bi ton halogen phn ng dung dich kiem .

@ Ghi nh, phng php gii.
t X : Cl , Br v M : kim loi kim, kim th (Ca, Ba) 1) X2 + 2.MOH MX + MXO + H2O (1)
70 C 3.X2 + 6.MOH 5.MX + MXO3 + 3.H2O (2)
o

14

2) 2.X2 + 2.M(OH)2 MX2 + M(XO)2 + 2.H2O (1)

o

? Luyn thi i hc- Cao ng Mn H a hc

70 C 6.X2 + 6.M(OH)2 5.MX2 + M(XO3)2 + 6.H2O (2)

@ Gio vin: Bi Hu Tun

@ Bi
A

tp v d minh ha :

Cu 12: ( thi i hc B-2007 ) Cho 13,44 lt kh clo ( ktc) i qua 2,5 lt dd KOH 100oC. Sau phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 37,25 gam KCl Dung dch KOH trn c nng l A. 0,24M B. 0,48M C. 0,4M D. 0,2M

4- Bi ton HX, muoi halogenua (X) phn ng dung dch AGNO3 .

@ Ghi nh, phng php gii.
1) HF (mui F ) + dd AgNO3 2) t X : Cl , Br , I v M : kim loi HX + AgNO3 AgX + HNO3 (1) <=> M = 107 (vc) MXn + n.AgNO3 n.AgX + M(NO3)n (2) ( AgCl mu trng Cn AgBr v AgI mu vng ) => M = (108.n M ) (vc) hoc M tng (gim) = M X 62 .n (vc) v m dd gim = m AgX

@ Bi
C

tp v d minh ha :

Cu 13: ( thi i hc A-2009 ) Cho dung dch cha 6,03 gam hn hp gm hai mui NaX v NaY (X, Y l hai nguyn t c trong t nhin, hai chu k lin tip thuc nhm VIIA, s hiu nguyn t ZX < ZY) vo dung dch AgNO3 (d), thu c 8,61 gam kt ta. Phn trm khi lng ca NaX trong hn hp ban u l A. 58,2%. B. 52,8%. C. 41,8%. D. 47,2%. Cu 14. ( thi i hc B-2009 ) Ho tan hon ton 24,4 gam hn hp gm FeCl2 v NaCl (c t l s mol tng ng l 1 : 2) vo mt lng nc (d), thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch AgNO3 (d) vo dung dch X, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton sinh ra m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l ? A. 68,2 B. 28,7 C. 10,8 D. 57,4 Cu 15: ( thi Cao ng-2011 ) Ho tan hon ton 6,645 gam hn hp mui clorua ca hai kim loi kim thuc hai chu k k tip nhau vo nc c dung dch X. Cho ton b dung dch X tc dng hon ton vi dung dch AgNO3(d), thu c 18,655 gam kt ta. Hai kim loi kim trn l: A. Na v K B. Rb v Cs C. Li v Na D. K v Rb

5- Bi ton axit loi 1 (H+ ) phn ng dung dch kim, mui sunfit (mui cacbonat)
@ Ghi nh, phng php gii.
1) Trung ha axit-baz : H+ + (axit) OH (baz) H2O
1 n + = nOH 2 H

LBT in tch => nH + = nOH . p .u <=> nHCL = nH + = nOH hoc:

nH 2 SO4 =

2) Axit loi 1 (H+) + mui sunfit (SO32) hoc cacbonat (CO32) Mui + CO2 (SO2) + H2O a) 2.HX + SO32 (X )2 + SO2 + H2O Theo LBT nguyn t C v H : np. = nSO32 = nSO2 = nH 2O v M = ( 80 M X 2 ) n HCl p. = n H+ = 2 n H2O V LBT Clo : n Cl (mui) = n HCl p. = 2 n H2O 2.HX + CO32 (X )2 + CO2 + H2O Theo LBT nguyn t C v H : np. = nCO32 = nCO2 = nH 2O v M = ( M X 2 60 ) (vc)

15

? Luyn thi i hc- Cao ng Mn H a hc

b) H2SO4 + SO3
2

@ Gio vin: Bi Hu Tun

H2O

SO4

SO2 + CO2 +

Theo LBT nguyn t C v H : np. = nSO32 = nSO2 = nH 2O = nH 2 SO4 v M = ( 96 80) = 16 (vc) H2SO4 + CO32 SO42 + H2O Theo LBT nguyn t C v H : np. = nCO32 = nCO2 = nH 2O = nH 2 SO4 v M = ( 96 60 ) = 36 (vc)

@ Bi
B

tp v d minh ha :

Cu 33*: ( thi Cao ng-2007) Khi cho 100 ml dung dch KOH 1M vo 100 ml dung dch HCl thu c dung dch cha 6,525 gam cht tan. Nng mol ca HCl trong dung dch dng l : A. 1M. B. 0,5M. C. 0,75M. D. 0,25M.

5- Bi ton iu ch halogen, Oxy, lu hunh . @ Ghi nh, phng php gii.

1) 2.HX +
H% MnO2 (hoc KMnO4 ) Mn 2+ +

X2 +

H2O

H% (1+5) HCL + KClO3 1.KCl + 3.Cl2 + 3.H2O 1.e + 5.e H% n(m,V)sp(thc t) = n(m,V)sp(ptp). ( thun nhn hiu sut) 100 100 n(m,V)tgia(thc t) = n(m,V)tgia(ptp). ( nghch chia hiu sut) H% H1 % H2 % H3 % 2) 2.NaCl H2 + Cl2 2.HCl 2.HCl (dd)

=> H% = H1%.H2%. H3%.

3) Phng php iu ch oxy ? a) Trong phng th nghim:

MnO2 Rn X (KClO3 , xt MnO2 )

Rn Y + O2 (1)

MnO2 PTP : KClO3 KCl +

O

3 O2 2

<=> LBT khi lng : mX = mY + mO2

O

t t t @ Ch : KMnO4 2 O2 (2) , H2O2 2 O2 (3) , M(NO3)n 2 O2 (4)

3 1 tO O2 (5) v M(NO3)2 4 O2 (6) 4 1 dien . phan b) Trong Cng nghip: H2O H2 + O2 (7) 2
t Tr M l Al, Fe, Cr : M(NO3)3
O

@ Bi
C

tp v d minh ha :

D C

Cu 16: ( thi Cao ng-2011) Cho 3,16 gam KMnO4 tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d), sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton th s mol HCl b oxi ho l A. 0,02 B. 0,16 C. 0,10 D. 0,05 Cu 17: ( thi i hc A-2009) Khi nhit phn hon ton 100 gam mi cht sau: KClO3 (xt MnO2), KMnO4, KNO3, AgNO3. Cht to ra lng O2 ln nht l A. KNO3 B. AgNO3 C. KMnO4 D. KClO3 Cu 18*: ( thi i hc B-2011-) Nhit phn 4,385 gam hn hp X gm KClO3 v KMnO4, thu c O2 v m gam cht rn gm K2MnO4, MnO2, KCl. Ton b lng O2 tc dng ht vi cacbon nng , thu c 0,896 lt hn hp kh Y (ktc) c t khi so vi H2 l 16. Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca KMnO4 trong X l: A. 62,76% B. 74,92% C. 72,06% D. 27,94% Cu 19*: ( thi i hc Khi A 2012) Hn hp X c khi lng 82,3 gam gm KClO3, Ca (ClO3)2, CaCl2 v KCl. Nhit phn hon ton X thu c 13,44 lt O2 (ktc), cht rn Y gm CaCl2 v KCl. Ton b Y tc dng va vi 0,3 lt dung dch K2CO3 1M thu c dung dch Z. Lng KCl trong Z nhiu gp 5 ln lng KCl trong X. Phn trm khi lng KCl trong X l A. 25,62%. B. 12,67%. C. 18,10%. D. 29,77%.

7- Bi ton H2S, mui sunfua(S2-) tc dng kim loi, axit...

@ Ghi nh, phng php gii.
+ Pb ( NO3 )2 t + Axit ( H ) 1) Kim loi + S (O2) hn hp Rn X Hn hp Kh Y (H2 + H2S) PbS
o +

16

? Luyn thi i hc- Cao ng Mn H a hc

@ Gio vin: Bi Hu Tun

Ch : Hn hp rn X cha mui sunfua (oxit) v kim loi d Mui sunfua ca kim loi t Pb v sau khng phn ng axit loi 1 (H2SO4 long v HCl) 2) LBT nguyn t S => n S = n H2S = n PbS 3) LBT electron => ne (kim loi cho) = ne ( S v O2 nhn) (n kim loi x ha tr) = 4.n O2 + 2.n S

@ Bi
A

tp v d minh ha :

Cu 20: ( thi Cao ng-2008) Trn 5,6 gam bt st vi 2,4 gam bt lu hunh nung nng (trong iu kin khng c khng kh) thu c hn hp rn M. Cho M tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl, gii phng hn hp kh X v cn li mt phn khng tan G. t chy hon ton X v G cn va V lt kh O2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l A. 2,80. B. 3,36. C. 4,48. D. 3,08. Cu 21: ( thi i hc A-2009 ) Nung nng m gam PbS ngoi khng kh sau mt thi gian, thu c hn hp rn (cha mt oxit) nng 0,95 m gam. Phn trm khi lng PbS b t chy l : A. 74,69 % B. 95,00 % C. 25,31 % D. 64,68 % Cu 22: ( thi i hc A -2011-) Nung m gam hn hp X gm FeS v FeS2 trong mt bnh kn cha khng kh (gm 20% th tch O2 v 80% th tch N2) n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c mt cht rn duy nht v hn hp kh Y c thnh phn th tch: 84,8% N2, 14% SO2, cn li l O2. Phn trm khi lng ca FeS trong hn hp X l A. 42,31%. B. 59,46%. C. 19,64%. D. 26,83%.

8- Bi ton H2S, SO2 tc dng dung dch kim .

@ Ghi nh, phng php gii.
nOH nSO2
Cc PTP c th xy ra : SO2 + OH HSO3 (1) = Dd HSO3 SO2 d
(1)

SO2 + 2.OH SO32 + H2O (2) 2

1 (va ) Dd HSO3
(1)

(va ) Dd HSO3 v SO32

(1) v (2)

(va ) Dd SO32
(2)

Dd : SO32 v OH d
(2)

1) Bi ton cho dd kim + SO2 . Xc nh thnh phn sn phm mui thu c ? NaHSO3 ( x mol ) V d : 1 <

nOH nSO2

<2

=> NaOH + SO2

Na2SO3 ( y mol ) Cch 1 : p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t S v kim loi : Theo LBT nguyn t S ta c : x + y = nSO2 (1) v LBT kim loi Na : x + 2y = nNaOH (2) Gii h PT (1) v (2) => x , y = ? => m NaHSO3 = ? m Na2SO3 = ? (gam) Cch 2 : Ta c: n Na2SO3 = n NaOH n SO2 Theo LBT nguyn t S ta c : n NaHSO3 = n SO2 n Na2SO3 2) Bi ton SO2 + dd kim Ca(OH)2 Dd nu c Ca(HSO3)2 + Cht rn nu c CaSO3 (hoc Ba(OH)2 ) (Ba(HSO3)2) (BaSO3) Cc PTP c th xy ra : SO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaSO3 + H2O (1) 2.SO2 + Ca(OH)2 Ca(HSO3)2 (2) a) Bi ton cho bit nSO2 v nCa (OH )2 tnh nCaSO3 ? Nu:

nOH nSO2

2 (kim d) => nCaSO3 = nSO2 (1)

Nu:

nOH nSO2

2 (kim d) => nCaSO3 = 0 mol (2)

17

? Luyn thi i hc- Cao ng Mn H a hc

Nu : 1 <

@ Gio vin: Bi Hu Tun

l :

nOH nSO2

< 2 => xy ra 2 ptp (kt ta b tan bt) th mi quan h nSO2 , nCaSO3 , nCa ( OH )2

nCaSO3 = 2 nCa (OH )2 nSO2

b) Bi ton cho bit nCaSO3 v nCa ( OH )2 tnh nSO2 ? c 2 trng hp sau : Nu : nCa (OH )2 = nCaSO3 : => nSO2 = nCaSO3 = nCa (OH )2 Nu : nCa (OH )2 > nCaSO3 => nSO2 = 2 nCa (OH )2 nCaSO3 c) Bi ton cho bit nSO2 v nCaSO3 tnh nCa (OH )2 ? Nu : nSO2 = nCaSO3 => nCa (OH )2 = nCaSO3 = nSO2 Nu : nSO2 > nCaSO3
=>

nCa (OH )2 =

nSO2 + nCaSO3 2 CaSO3

o

@ Ch : SO2 + dd Ca(OH)2

t ( OH ) Dd Ca(HSO3)2 CaSO3 na + SO2 + H2O

<=> n SO2 = n CaSO3 + 2.n CaSO3 na

v : m dd Ca(OH)2 gim = m CaSO3

@ Bi
C

tp v d minh ha :

Cu 23*: ( thi i hc B-2010) t chay hoan toan m gam FeS2 bng mt lng O2 va u, thu c khi X. Hp thu ht X vao 1 lit dung dich cha Ba(OH)2 0,15M va KOH 0,1M, thu c dung dich Y va 21,7 gam kt tua. Cho Y vao dung dich NaOH, thy xut hin thm kt tua. Gia tri cua m la A. 23,2 B. 12,6 C. 18,0 D. 24,0

8- Bi ton H2S, SO2 tc dng dung dch brom .

@ Ghi nh, phng php gii.
dd BaCl 2 1) H2S + dd Br2 dd hn hp axit (H2SO4, HBr) + BaSO4 (SO2) (dd clo ) Theo LBT nguyn t S => n SO2 ( n H2S ) = n BaSO4

2) H2S + dd KMnO4 sp kh S + Mn2+ + .... (SO2) (mui SO42) Theo LBT electron => 2.n H2S= 5.n KMnO4 hoc 2.n SO2 = 5.n KMnO4 .

8- Bi ton kim loi, hp cht tc dng dung dch H2SO4 (c) . @ Ghi nh, phng php gii.
1) Kim loi + H2SO4 Theo LBT electron => (n sp kh).(s e nhn) = (ha tr).(n kim loi ). 2) Kim loi + H2SO4 c Mui sunfat (SO42 ) + sp kh S+6 + H2O

@ Ch : Al , Fe , Cr khng phn ng vi H2SO4 c ngui .

a) Kim loi TB-yu + H2SO4 c Mui sunfat (SO42 ) + SO2 + H2O n SO42(mui ) =

1 .ne.nhn = n SO2 2
S ( => n e nhn = 6.n S ) (1) (2)

n H2SO4 p. = n SO42(mui ) + n SO2 = 2.n SO2 b) Kim loi mnh + H2SO4 c Mui sunfat + sp kh

H2S ( => n e nhn = 8 n H2S )

18

? Luyn thi i hc- Cao ng Mn H a hc

@ Gio vin: Bi Hu Tun

H2S + S ( n e nhn = 8.n H2S + 6.n S ) (3)

n SO42(mui ) = 3.n S (1) hoc n SO42(mui )= 4.n H2 S (2) hoc n SO42(mui )= 4.n H2 S + 3.n S (3) n H2SO4 p. = 4.n S (1) hoc n H2SO4 p. = 5. n H2 S (2) hoc n H2SO4 p. = 5.n H2 S + 4.n S (3)

@ Bi
A

tp v d minh ha :

Cu 24: ( thi i hc B-2007 ) Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo dung dch cha 0,3 mol H2SO4c, nng (gi thit SO2 l sn phm kh duy nht). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c l : (cho Fe = 56) A. 0,03 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,06 mol FeSO4. C. 0,02 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,08 mol FeSO4. B. 0,05 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,02 mol Fe d. D. 0,12 mol FeSO4. Cu 25: ( thi i hc khi B-2009) Ha tan hon ton 20,88 gam mt oxit st bng dung dch H2SO4 c, nng thu c dung dch X v 3,248 lt kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). C cn dung dch X, thu c m gam mui sunfat khan. Gi tr ca m l A. 52,2. B. 48,4. C. 54,0. D. 58,0.

19