HNG DN GII THI TH I HC LN 1 Nm hc 2012-2013

A. PHN CHUNG CHO TT C THI SINH ( t cu 1 n cu 40)

Cu 1. Mt ngun m S pht ra m c tn s xc nh. Nng lng m truyn i phn phi u trn mt cu tm S bn knh d. B qua s
phn x ca sng m trn mt t v cc vt cn. Tai im A cch ngun m S 100 m, mc cng m l 20 dB. Xc nh v tr im B
ti mc cng m bng 0.
A. Cch S 10(m) B. Cch S 1000(m) C. Cch S 1(m) D. Cch S 100(m)
HD : + LA = lg
0
I
I
A
= 2; LB = lg
0
I
I
B
= 0 LA LB = lg
B
A
I
I
= 2
B
A
I
I
= 10
2
=
2
2
4
4
B
A
d
P
d
P

=
2

,
_

A
B
d
d
dB = 10dA = 1000 m.
Cu 2. M t lng kinh co gc chit quang A = 45
0
. Chiu chum tia sang hep a sc SI gm 4 nh sng n sc: o, vang , luc v tim n
gp mt bn AB theo phng vung goc,bit chit sut ca lng knh i vi nh sng mu lam l 2 .Tia lo ra khoi mt bn AC gm
cc nh sng n sc
A. , vng v lc . B. , lc v tm . C. , vng, lc v tm . D. , vng v tm .
HD:+ Khi chiu tia mu lam n gp mt bn AB theo phng vung goc th:

0
2
0
2 2
0
2
0
1 1
90 1 45 sin 2 sin . sin 45 90 i r n i r r i
lam
Tia lam l l mt bn AC.
+ Do
lam tm
n n > nn tia tm b phn x ton phn ti mt bn ACC ba tia ,vng,lc lo ra khoi mt bn AC.
Cu 3. .ng nng ban u cc i ca cc electrn quang in khi bt ra khi catt ca mt t bo quang in l 2,065 eV. Bit vn tc
cc i ca cc electrn quang in khi ti ant l 2,909.10
6
m/s. Hiu in th gia ant (A) v catt (K) ca t bo quang in l:
A. UAK = - 24 (V) B. UAK = + 22 (V) C. UAK = + 24 (V) D. UAK = - 22 (V)
( )
2
31 2 12 19
0
0
0 19
0 5 9 1 10 2 909 10 2 065 1 6 10
2
22
1 6 10
-W
W-W
W W
AK AK
mv
, . , . . , . , . , .
HD : e U U V
e e , .

+ +
Cu 4. Trong nguyn t hir, khi electrn chuyn t qu o O v qu o M th nguyn t pht ra bc x thuc vng
A. Sng v tuyn B. nh sng nhn thy C. T ngoi D. Hng ngoi
HD:Khi khi e chuyn t qu o O v qu o M th nguyn t pht ra bc x trong dy Pa-sen thuc vng hng ngoi.
Cu 5.

Hai vt dao ng iu ho cng pha ban u, cng phng v cng thi im vi cc tn s gc ln lt l: 1 =
6

(rad/s); 2 =
3

(rad/s). Chn gc thi gian lc hai vt i qua v tr cn bng theo chiu dng. Thi gian ngn nht m
hai vt gp nhau l:
A. 1s B. 4s C. 2s D. 8s
Gii: Phng trnh dao ng ca hai vt:
x1 = A1cos(1t -
2

). x2 = A2cos(2t -
2

).
Hai vt gp nhau ln u khi pha ca chng i nhau: (1t -
2

). = - (2t -
2

)
(1 + 2 ).t = ---- t = /( 1 + 2 ). = 2s. Chn p n C
Cu 6. Mch in xoay chiu gm in tr thun R = 66 ghp ni tip vi cun dy.t vo hai u mch in hiu in th xoay
chiu: ) 100 cos( 2 240 t u V th thy in p hiu dng hai u in tr v cun
dy l UR =132 V,Ud = 156 V.Kt lun no sau y NG.
A. Cun dy c in tr thun r = 30( ) B. Cun dy c th c in tr thun.
C. Cun dy c in tr thun r = 23( ) D. Cun dy thun cm.
HD:+ Do
2 2 2
d R
U U U + Cun dy c in tr thun hot ng. 120 ; 78 2
I
U
Z
I
U
Z A
R
U
I
d
d
R
.
+ Ta c

'

+ +
+
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
120 ) (
78
L
L d
Z r R Z
Z r Z
r = 30
Bi gii Thi th ln 1_ Lp LTH Cp tc 2012
Cu 7. Cho mch in nh hnh v bn. Cun dy thun cm c t cm
H 10 . 4 L
3

, t in c in dung C = 0,1F, ngun in

c sut in ng E = 3mV v in tr trong r = 1. Ban u kha k ng, khi c dng in chy n nh trong mch, ngt kha k.
Tnh in tch trn t in khi nng lng t trong cun dy gp 3 ln nng lng in trng trong t in.
A. 3.10
-8
C B. 2,6.10
-8
C C. 6,2.10
-7
C D. 5,2.10
-8
C
Gii:
Cng dng in cc i qua cun cm I0 = E/r = 3mA = 3.10
-3
A
Nng lng t trng bng 3 ln nng lng in trng c ngha l
Wc =
1
4
W0 =
2
0
1
4 2
LI
hay
2 2 3 7
3 8 0
0
1 4.10 .10
3.10 3.10
2 4 2 4 4
LI q LC
q I
C



(C) Chn p n A.
Cu 8. M t con l c lo xo treo th ng ng, khi v t v tr cn bng lo xo gia n 6 cm. Ki ch thi ch cho v t dao ng iu ha thi th y th i gian lo
xo gia n trong m t chu ki la 2T/3 (T la chu ki dao ng cu a v t). gin ln nht ca l xo trong qu trnh vt dao ng l
A. 12 cm. B. 18cm C. 9 cm. D. 24 cm.
Gii. Thi gian l xo nn l T/3
Thi gian khi l xo bt u b nn
n lc nn ti a l T/6. nn ca l xo l A/2, bng gin ca l xo khi vt v tr cn bng. Suy ra A = 12cm. Do gin ln
nht ca l xo 6cm + 12cm = 18cm. Chn A B
Cu 9. Trong th nghim Young v giao thoa nh sng, a = 1,5mm; D = 2m, hai khe c chiu sng ng thi hai bc x
1 = 0,5m v 2 = 0,6m. Khong cch t vn trung tm n vn cng mu k n l:
A. 6(mm) B. 3,6(mm) C. 5(mm) D. 4(mm)
HD: + H hai vn sng trng nhau: x1 = x2
1 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
6
; ,
5
D D
k k k k k k Z
a a


) ( 5 , 6
2 1
Z k k k k k Vn cng mu k vn trung tm nht khi k = 1 hay k2 = 5.
+ Khong cch t vn trung tm n vn cng mu k n l:
6
2 3
2 2
3
. 0, 6.10 .2
5. 4.10 4
1, 5.10
D
x k m mm
a

.
Cu 10. Hai con lc n thc hin dao ng iu ha ti cng 1 a im trn mt t (cng klng v cng nng lng) con lc 1 c
chiu di L1=1m v bin gc l anpha01,ca con lc 2 l L2=1,44m,anpha02 .t s bin gc ca con lc1/con lc 2 l
A. 0,69 B. 1,44 C. 1,2 D. 0,83
Gii: Nng lng ca con lc n c xc nh theo cng thc
W1 = m1gl1 (1- cos01) = m1gl1 2sin
2

01
2

m1gl1
2
01
2

, W2 = m2gl2 (1- cos02) = m2gl2 2sin

2

02
2

m2gl2
2
02
2

M W1 = W2 v m1 = m2 ,
2
01 01 2
2
02 1 02
1, 44 1, 2
l
l


. Chn p n C
Cu 11. Ba im A,B,C trn mt nc l ba nh ca tam giac u c cnh 16 cm trong A v B l hai ngun pht sng c phng
trnh
) )( 20 cos( 2
2 1
cm t u u
,sng truyn trn mt nc khng suy gim v c vn tc 20 (cm/s).M trung im ca AB .S im
dao ng cng pha vi im C trn on MC l:
A. 5 B. 4 C. 2 D. 3
HD:+Bc sng : ) ( 2 cm
f
v

+ Gi N l im nm trn on MC cch A v B mt khong d vi AB/2 = 8(cm) d < AC = 16(cm).
+ Phng trnh sng tng hp ti N : ) )( 20 cos( 4 )
2
20 cos( 4 cm d t
d
t u
N

+ Phng trnh sng tng hp ti C : ) )( 16 20 cos( 4 )
2
20 cos( 4 cm t
AC
t u
C

+ im N dao ng cng pha vi C : 16 2 16 8 ) ( 2 16 ) ( 2 16 < + + k cm k d Z k k d

'

<
1 , 2 , 3 , 4
0 4
k
Z k
k
C 4 im dao ng cng pha vi C.
Cu 12. Mt con lc l xo c cng k = 10N/m, khi lng vt nng m = 100 g, dao ng trn mt phng ngang, c th nh t v tr l xo
gin 6cm. H s ma st trt gia con lc v mt bn bng = 0,2. Thi gian chuyn ng thng ca vt m t lc ban u n v tr l xo khng
bin dng l:
A.
( )
25 5
s

. B. ( )
20
s

. C. ( )
30
s

. D. ( )
15
s

.
Bi gii Thi th ln 1_ Lp LTH Cp tc 2012
M P O O N x

x =A/2 A
Ti VTCB :
ms dh
F F mg kx x cm 2 V tr cn bng O c ta x = 2cm
A cm 4
Thi gian i t N n O l
T
t
1
4
, t O n O ( v tr l xo khng b bin dng) l
T
t
2
12
Do thi gian i tng cng l
T
t
3
.
Tnh c T

5
t


15
Cu 13. Katt ca t bo quang in c ph mt lp Cxi c cng thot l 2eV. Katt c chiu sng bi chm nh sng n sc c
bc sng 0,5m. Dng mn chn tch mt chm hp cc electron quang in v hng n vo t trng u c
B
vung gc vi
0
v ,
B = 4.10
-5
T. Bn knh qu o cc electron i trong t trng l:
A. 7,25(cm) B. 2,86(cm) C. 3,06(cm) D. 5,87(cm)
HD:+ Vn tc ban u cc i ca electron quang in:
m
A
v
) ( 2
max 0

+ Khi bay vo t trng ) (
max 0
B v

th e chuyn ng trn u ) ( 87 , 5
) ( 2
.
max 0
cm
m
A
B e
m
B e
mv
R

Cu 14. Hai ngun m O1,O2 coi l hai ngun im cch nhau 4m, pht sng kt hp cng tn s 425 Hz, cng bin 1 cm v cng
pha ban u bng khng (tc truyn m l 340 m/s). S im dao ng vi bin 1cm trong khong gia O1O2 l:
A. 18. B. 8. C. 9. D. 20.
HD:
340 AB
0, 8m 5
425

Suy ra c 2.5+1=11 cc i k c 2 ngun O1, O2 dao ng vi bin 2 cm.

ng vi mi mt b sng c hai im i xng qua bin bng c 2 im dao ng vi bin 1cm
S im dao ng vi bin 1cm trong khong gia O1O2 l: 2.11-2=20 (Tr 2 l do O1, O2 c 2 im nm ngoi khong O1O2)
HD :+ Vt c vn tc ln nht khi qua VTCB, nh nht khi qua v tr bin nn trong cng mt khong thi gian qung ng i c
cng ln khi vt cng gn VTCB v cng nh khi cng gn v tr bin.
S dng mi lin h gia dao ng iu ho v chuyn ng trn u.Gc qut t
2
T
T
4

2

Qung ng ln nht khi vt i t M1 n M2 i xng qua trc sin:Vy Smax 2Asin

2

2Asin
4

2
A
Cu 15. Chn phng n SAI khi ni v cc sao.
A. Mt Tri l mt ngi sao trong trng thi n nh.
B. a s cc sao tn ti trong trng thi n nh, c kch thc, nhit khng i trong thi gian di.
C. Sao bin quang bao gi cng l mt h sao i.
D. Sao bin quang l sao c sng thay i.
Cu 16. on mch xoay chiu ghp ni tip theo th t cun dy,in tr thun v t in.Trong in tr thun R = 100 ,dung
khng ZC = 100
3

,in p tc thi ud v uRC lch pha nhau
3
2
v cc gi tr hiu dng URC = 2Ud .Cm khng ca cun dy l:
A. ZL = 50 3 (

) B. ZL = 100 3 (

) C. ZL = 100(

) D. ZL = 50(

)
HD: + Do ud v uRC lch pha nhau
3
2
cun dy c in tr thun r hot ng.
+ (*) . 3 3 )
3
tan( tan
3 3 3
2
3
3 tan r Z
r
Z
R
Z
L
L
d d RC
C
RC

+ (**) 100
4
2 2 2
2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2

+
+ + +
C
L L C d RC d RC
Z R
Z r Z r Z R Z Z U U
ZL = 50 ) ( 3
Bi gii Thi th ln 1_ Lp LTH Cp tc 2012
Cu 17. Mch in xoay chiu gm bin tr,cun dy v t in ghp ni tip.t vo hai u on mch in p c biu thc:
t U u ) . cos( 2 (Vi U,

khng i).Khi bin tr c gi tr R = 75 (

) th cng sut tiu th trn bin tr t gi tr ln

nht.Xc nh in tr thun ca cun dy v tng tr ca mch AB (Bit rng chng u c gi tr nguyn).
A.
) ( 120 ), ( 21
AB
Z r
B.
) ( 100 ), ( 15
AB
Z r

C.
) ( 157 ), ( 12
AB
Z r
D.
) ( 150 ), ( 35
AB
Z r

( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) r R Z Z R r
Z Z r R P
r
R
Z Z r
R
U
Z Z r R
R U
P HD
C L
C L R
C L C L
R
2 2 2
2 2 2
max
2 2
2
2 2
2
& ) ( 75
2
:
+ <
+
+
+
+

+ +

+ Tng tr
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) r r r R R Z Z r R Z
C L AB
+ + + + + + 75 6 . 5 75 150 2
2 2
+ Do r v ZAB nguyn nn ta c 75 . 6 ...) 3 , 2 , 1 ( . 6 75
2 2
+ k r k k r
+ Vi 0 < r < R = 75 ) ( 120 ) ( 21 4 5 53 , 3 150 . 6 75
2
< < < <
AB
Z r k k k
Cu 18. Mt ampe k c in tr khng ng k mc vo mch o gi tr hiu dng ca dng in trong
mch in nh hnh 1. Khi kha K ng, ampe k ch I1=1A. Khi kha K ngt th ampe k ch bao nhiu? it l
l tng, R l in tr thun.
A. 2 (A). B. 0,5 (A).
C. 1 (A) D. 1/ 2 (A).
HD:+ Khi K ng:Nhit lng ta ra trong mt chu k bng: .
2
1 1
Rt I Q
+ Khi K ngt: Nhit lng ch ta ra trn mch trong mt na chu k (mt na chu k b it chn li). Na chu
k c dng in chy trong mch th cng dng in hon ton ging nh trng hp kha K ng (v it
l tng). V vy nhit lng ta ra trong thi gian mt chu k: .
2
1
1 2
Q Q
+ Gi I2 l gi tr hiu dng ca dng in khi K ngt th: .
2
2 2
Rt I Q ). (
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
A
I
I Rt I Rt I
Cu 19. Ht prtn c ng nng 5,48 MeV c bn vo ht nhn
9
4
Be
ng yn gy ra phn ng ht nhn,sau phn ng thu c ht
nhn
6
3
Li
v ht X.Bit ht X bay ra vi ng nng 4 MeV theo hng vung gc vi hng chuyn ng ca ht prtn ti (ly khi
lng cc ht nhn tnh theo n v u gn bng s khi). Vn tc ca ht nhn Li l:
A. 0,824.10
6
(m/s) B. 1,07.10
6
(m/s) C. 10,7.10
6
(m/s) D. 8,24.10
6
(m/s)
HD:+ p dng nh lut BT ng lng:
2 2 2
) (
p X Li p X X Li p
p p p p p p p p + +

m
K m K m
K K m K m K m
Li
p p X X
Li p p X X Li Li
+
+ ) ( 10 . 728 , 5 ) ( 58 , 3
13
J Mev K
Li

;
+ Vi ) ( 10 . 9633 , 9 10 . 66055 , 1 . 6 6
27 27
kg u m
Li

) / ( 10 . 7 , 10
2
6
s m
m
K
v
Li
Li
Li

Cu 20. Mch dao ng in t gm cun dy c t cm L v hai t in ging ht nhau ghp ni tip . Mch dao ng vi hiu in
th cc i hai u cun dy l U0, vo lc nng lng in trng trn cc t bng nng lng t trng trong cun dy th ngi ta
ni tt mt t. Hiu in th cc i trong mch l bao nhiu?.
A. 2 / 3
0
U hay
8
3
0
U Gii:
Nng lng ban u ca mch W0 =
2
2
0
0 2
2 4
C
U
CU

Khi ni tt mt t (ng kho k)

Nng lng ca mch W =
3
4
W0 =
2
0
3
4 4
CU
, W =
' 2
' 0
0
W
2
CU
Do o U0 =
8
3
0
U
Bi gii Thi th ln 1_ Lp LTH Cp tc 2012
A

K
Hnh 1
R
Cu 21. Trong qung Urani t nhin hin nay gm hai ng v U238 v U235.Bit rng U235 chim t l 7,143 00
0
. Gi s lc u tri
t mi hnh thnh t l 2 ng v ny l 1:1. Cho bit chu k bn r ca U238 l T1= 4,5.10
9
nm,chu k bn r ca U235 l T2=
0,713.10
9
nm .Tui ca tri t l :
A. 60,4 t nm B. 6,04 t nm C. 6,04 triu nm D. 604 t nm
HD:+ S ht U235 v U238 khi tri t mi hnh thnh l N0 nh nhau.
+ S ht U238 by gi
1
T
t
2 .
0 1

N N
; S ht U235 by gi
2
T
t
2 .
0 2

N N
+ Ta c
9
2
1
10 . 04 , 6
1000
143 , 7
t
N
N
(nm)= 6,04 t nm
Cu 22.
Cu
21 :
Mt con lc l xo v mt con lc n, khi di mt t c hai con lc ny cng dao ng vi chu k T = 2s. a c hai
con lc ln nh ni (coi l nhit khng thay i) th hai con lc dao ng lch chu k nhau. Thnh thong chng li
cng i qua v tr cn bng v chuyn ng v cng mt pha, thi gian gia hai ln lin tip nh vy l 8 pht 20 giy.
Tm chu k con lc n ti nh ni
A. 2,010s. B. 1,992s. C. 2,008s. D. Thiu d kin.
Gii: Chu k ca con lc n khi a ln nh ni s tng ln do g gim
Khong thi gian trng phng l 8 pht 20 giy = 500s nT = (n-1)T = 500
Suy ra n = 250 --- T = 500/249 = 2,0008 s Chn p n C
Cu 23. Mt sng c hc lan truyn dc theo mt ng thng vi bin sng khng i c phng trnh sng ti ngun O l: u =
A.cos(t - /2) cm. Mt im M cch ngun O bng 1/6 bc sng, thi im t = 0,5/ c ly 3 cm. Bin sng A l:
A. 2 (cm) B. 2 3 (cm) C. 4 (cm) D. 3 (cm)
2 0, 5 0, 5
: .sin .sin .sin . 3 2 3
3 3
M M
d
HD u A t A t u A A cm



_ _ _ _


, , , ,
Cu 24. Ln lt chiu vo catt ca mt t bo quang in hai bc x n sc c bc sng
m 6 , 0
1

v
m 5 , 0
2

th hiu
in th hm dng quang in trit tiu khc nhau ba ln.Gii hn quang in ca kim loi lm catt l:
A. ). ( 745 , 0 m B. ). ( 723 , 0 m C.
). ( 667 , 0 m
D.
). ( 689 , 0 m

HD:+ Khi dng
1
0 1
1 h
U e
hc hc
+

(*) ; Khi dng

1
0
2
0 2
2
3
h h
U e
hc
U e
hc hc
+

(**)
+ T (*) v (**) ) ( 667 , 0
3
2
1 2
2 1
0
m

Cu 25. Mt ng dy c in tr 4 dn mt dng in xoay chiu mt pha t ni sn xut n ni tiu dng. Ngun pht c in p
hiu dng U = 10kV, cng sut in P = 400kW. H s cng sut ca mch in l cos = 0,8. C bao nhiu phn trm cng sut b mt
mt trn ng dy do ta nhit?
A. 1,6%. B. 6,4%. C. 2,5%. D. 10%.
HD: + Cng sut hao ph l:
2 2
2
) (cos U
R P
P . Phn trm hao ph l:
% 5 , 2 % 100 .
) (cos
% 100 .
2 2

U
PR
P
P
.
Cu 26. Trn on mch xoay chiu khng phn nhnh c bn im theo ng th t A, M, N v B. Gia hai im A v M ch c in
tr thun, gia hai im M v N ch c cun dy, gia 2 im N v B ch c t in. t vo hai u on mch mt in p 175 V 50
Hz th in p hiu dng trn on AM l 25 (V), trn on MN l 25 (V) v trn on NB l 175 (V). H s cng sut ca ton mch l:
A.1/5. B.1/25. C.7/25. D.1/7.
Gii: Gi s cun dy thun cm th UR
2
+ (Ud UC)
2
= UAB
2
Theo bi ra 25
2
+( 25 175)
2
175
2
Cun dy c in tr thun r
H s cng sut ca mch cos =
R
U Ur
U
+
Ta c (UR + Ur)
2
+(UL UC)
2
= U
2
(1)
Ur
2
+ UL
2
= Ud
2
(2)
Thay s ; gii h pt ta c: Ur = 24 V; UL = 7V------cos =
R
U Ur
U
+
= 7/25.
Bi gii Thi th ln 1_ Lp LTH Cp tc 2012
Cu 27. Mt my pht in xoay chiu ba pha mc hnh sao c in p pha Up=115,5V v tn s 50Hz. Ba ti i xng, mi ti c in
tr thun 12,4 v t cm 50mH c mc tam gic vo in p ba pha trn. Dng in qua mi ti :
A. I

12(A). B. I

8(A). C. I

15(A). D. I

10(A).
HD: + Tng tr mi pha:
. 20 ) 5 ( 4 , 12 5 10 . 5 . 100
5 2 2
+

Z Z
L
+ in p dy: . 10 200 3 . 5 , 115 3 A
Z
U
I V U U
d
p d

Cu 28. trong th nghim v sng dng trn dy dn hi di 1,2 m vi hai u c nh, ngi ta quan st thy 2 u dy c nh cn c 2
im khc trn dy ko dao ng bit thi gian lin tip gia 2 ln si dy dui thng l 0.05s b rng bng sng l 4 cm Vmax ca bng
sng l
A 40

cm/s B 80 cm/s C 24m/s D 8cm/s

Gii: Theo bi ra la c l = 3/2 ---- = 0,8m, Khong thi gian gia hai ln si dy dui thng l na chu k: T = 0,1s.
Do tn s gc = 2/T = 20 (rad/s). Bin dao ng ca bng sng bng mt na b rng ca bng sng: A =2cm
vmax ca bng sng = A = 2.20 = 40 cm/s. p n A
HD: iu kin c sng dng: ) ( 100 ) ( 2
2
2
Hz
v
f m
n
l
n l

Cu 29. C hai mu cht phng x A v B thuc cng mt cht c chu k bn r T = 138,2 ngy v c khi lng ban u nh nhau .
Ti thi im quan st , t s s ht nhn hai mu cht
2, 72
B
A
N
N

.Tui ca mu A nhiu hn mu B l
A. 199,8 ngy B. 199,5 ngy C. 190,4 ngy D. 189,8 ngy
Gii Ta c NA = N0
1
t
e

; NB = N0
2
t
e


2 1
( )
1 2
ln 2
2, 72 ( ) ln 2, 72
t t B
A
N
e t t
N T


----- t1 t2 =
ln 2, 72
199, 506 199, 5
ln 2
T
ngy
Cu 30. Anh sang khng co tinh cht no sau y:
A. Co th truy n trong mi trng vt cht. B. Co mang theo nng lng.
C. Co vn tc ln v han. D. Co truy n trong chn khng.
Cu 31. pht hin ra tia t ngoi, ta khng th dng cc phng tin no sau y:
A. Mn hnh hunh quang. B. Cp nhit in.
C. Mt ngi quang st trc tip D. T bo quang in.
Cu 32.Trong th nghim Y-ng, ngun S pht bc x n sc , mn quan st cch mt phng hai khe mt khong khng i D, khong cch
gia hai khe S1S2 = a c th thay i (nhng S1 v S2 lun cch u S). Xt im M trn mn, lc u l vn sng bc 4, nu ln lt gim hoc
tng khong cch S1S2 mt lng a th ti l vn sng bc k v bc 3k. Nu tng khong cch S1S2 thm 2 a th ti M l:
A. vn sng bc 7. B. vn sng bc 9. C. vn ti th 9 . D. vn sng bc 8.
Gii: .Gi s ti M l vn sng bc k khi tng S1S2 thm 2a
Ta c xM =
4 3 '
2
2
4 3 '
2; ' 8
D D D D
k k k
a a a a a a a
a a a a a a a
k k k
k k


+ +
+ +


Cu 33. Ngi ta tim vo mu mt ngi mt lng nh dung dch cha ng v phng x
24
Na c phng x bng 1,5

Ci. Sau
7,5gi ngi ta ly ra
3
1cm mu ngi th thy n c phng x l 392 phn r/pht,bit chu k bn r ca
24
Na l 15 gi. Th
tch mu ca ngi l:
A. 6 lt B.
3
600cm C.
3
525cm D. 5,25 lt
HD : + Khi lng Na a vo mu l :
A
N
T A H
m
. 2 ln
. .
0
0


+ Khi lng Na cn li trong mu sau t = 7,5 gi l :
T
t
A
T
t
e
N
T A H
e m m
. 2 ln
0
. 2 ln
0
.
. 2 ln
. .
.


+ Khi lng Na c trong
lt cm
3 3
10 1

l :
A
N
T A H
m
. 2 ln
. .

Bi gii Thi th ln 1_ Lp LTH Cp tc 2012
+ Th tch mu ca ngi l :
) ( 6 . 10 .
10 .
. 2 ln
3 0
3
lt e
H
H
m
m
V
T
t

Cu 34. Mt mch dao ng gm t in c in dung C=0,2F v cun dy thun cm c t cm L=8mH. Ban u t in c in

tch cc i. Sau thi gian bao lu k t thi im ban u th nng lng in trng ca t in bng nng lng t trng ca ng
dy?
A. ) ( 10 . 3
5
s

B. ) ( 10
7
s

C. ) ( 10 . 3
7
s

D. ) ( 10
5
s

HD: + in tch trn t bin thin theo thi gian vi quy lut: . cos
0
t Q q
+ Nng lng in trng: t
C
Q
C
q
W
C

2
2
0
2
cos
2 2
; Nng lng t trng: . sin
2 2
1
2
2
0 2
t
C
Q
Li W
L

+ Do ) ( 10 . 3
4 4
4 / 1 tan cos sin
5 2 2
s LC t
LC
t
t t t t W W
L C




Cu 35. Mt con lc l xo dao ng iu ha vi phng trnh : x 12cos(50t /2)cm. Qung ng vt i c trong khong thi
gian t /12(s), k t thi im thi im ban u l :
A. 102(m) B. 54(m) C. 90(m) D. 6(m)
HD: S dng mi lin h gia dao ng iu ho v chuyn ng trn u.
ti t 0 :
0
0
x 0
v 0

'
>

Vt bt u dao ng t
VTCB theo chiu dng
Chu k dao ng T

2

2
50

25

s
S dao ng:N
t
T

.25
12.

2 +
1
12
t
2T +
T
12
2T +
300

s.
Gc quay trong
khong thi gian t :
t (2T +
T
12
) 2.2 +
6

Vy vt quay c 2 vng + gc /6
Qung ng vt i c tng ng l : St 4A.2 + A/2 102cm.
Cu 36. Mch dao ng in t LC gm mt cun dy c t cm 4H v t in c in dung 2000pF. in tch cc i trn t l 5
C. Nu mch c in tr thun 0,1, duy tr dao ng trong mch th phi cung cp cho mch mt cng sut bng:
A. 36 (W) B. 156,25 (W) C. 36 (mW) D. 15,625 (W)
2 2 2 2
0 0 0 0
2 2 12
0 0
6 12
2 2 2 2
25 10 0 1
156 25
2 2 2 4 10 2000 10
ta nhit cc
Q LI I Q
W
C LC
HD :
I R Q R . . ,
P P , W
LC . . . .

'

Cu 37. Trong li in dn dng ba pha mc hnh sao, in p mi pha l

1
220 2 cos100 ( ) u t V p = ,
2
2
220 2 cos(100 )( )
3
u t V
p
p = + ,
3
2
220 2 cos(100 )( )
3
u t V
p
p = - . Bnh thng vic s dng in ca cc pha l i xng v in tr mi pha c gi tr R1=R2=R3=4,4.
Biu thc cng dng in trong dy trung ho tnh trng s dng in mt cn i lm cho in tr pha th 1 v pha th 3 gim i
mt na l:
A. 50 2 (100 ) .
3
i cos t A
p
p = + B. 50 2 (100 ) . i cos t A p p = +
Bi gii Thi th ln 1_ Lp LTH Cp tc 2012
X
0
0 X
6

C.
2
50 2 (100 ) .
3
i cos t A
p
p = + D. 50 2 (100 ) .
3
i cos t A
p
p = -
Bi gii:
Ta c: i vi pha 1 th:
1 1
220 2 cos100 ( ) 100 2 cos100 u t V i t p p = = (do 2 u l in tr R1=2,2)
i vi pha 2 th:
2 2
2 2
220 2 cos(100 )( ) 50 2 cos(100 )
3 3
u t V i t
p p
p p = + = + (do 2 u l in tr R2=4,4)
i vi pha 3 th:
3 3
2 2
220 2 cos 100 ( ) 100 2 cos 100
3 3
u t V i t
p p
p p


= - = -




(do 2 u l in tr R1=2,2)
Nh vy cng dng in trong dy trung ha l:
1 2 3
50 2 (100 ) .
3
i i i i cos t A

+ + Suy ra chn D
Cu 38. in p gia hai u mt on mch RLC ni tip sm pha /4 so vi cng dng in. Pht biu no sau y l ng i
vi on mch ny?
A. in p gia hai u in tr thun sm pha /4 so vi in p gia hai bn t in.
B. Tng tr ca on mch bng hai ln in tr thun ca mch.
C. in tr thun ca on mch bng.hiu s gia cm khng v dung khng
D. Tn s dng in trong on mch nh hn gi tr cn xy ra cng hng.
HD: R Z Z
R
Z Z
C L
C L
t t t

1 )
4
tan( tan

Cu 39. Sau khi xy ra hin tng cng hng nu

A. tng ln lc ma st th bin gim B. tng ln lc ma st th bin tng
C. gim ln lc ma st th chu k tng D. gim ln lc ma st th tn s tng
Cu 40. Trong quang ph vch ca nguyn t hir,vch u tin trong dy Lai-man c bc sng 1= 0,1216m v vch u tin
trong dy Ban-me c bc sng 2 = 0, 6566m.Ta c th tm thm c vch:
A. c bc sng ngn nht trong dy Lai-man l 0,1026(m).
B. trong dy Pa-sen c bc sng 0,1494(m)
C. c bc sng ngn nht trong dy Ban-mme l 0,1026(m)
D. th hai trong dy Lai-man c bc sng 0,1026(m)
HD:+ Vch u tin ca dy Lai-man:
(*)
1
K L
E E
hc

;Vch u tin ca dy Ban-me:

(**)
2
L M
E E
hc

(*),(**)
) ( 1026 , 0
. 1 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
m
hc
E E hc
X
X
K M

,
_

vch th hai ca dy Lai-man.

B. PHN RING CHO CC TH SINH(Th sinh chn phn I hoc phn II)
I. Chng trnh c bn (T cu 41 n cu 50)
Cu 41. Trong mt th nghim Ing i vi nh sng trng
) 76 , 0 38 , 0 ( m m
, khong cch gia hai khe sng l 0,5mm,
khong cch t hai khe n mn l 3m. Ti v tr cch vn sng trung tm mt khong 2cm c bao nhiu cc i ca cc mu trng nhau?
A. 7. B. 4. C. 6. D. 5.
HD: + Ta vn sng ca cc mu:
kD
ax
a
D
k x

) ( 77 , 8 38 , 4 Z k k
D
ax
k
D
ax
t



Vy k = 4,5,6,7 Tc 4 cc i ca cc mu trng nhau.
Cu 42. Hai ngun kt hp S1,S2 cch nhau mt khong 50(mm) trn mt nc pht ra hai sng kt hp c phng trnh
) ( 200 cos 2
2 1
mm t u u
.Vn tc truyn sng trn mt nc l 0,8(m/s).im gn nht dao ng cng pha vi ngun trn ng
trung trc ca S1S2 cch ngun S1 bao nhiu:
A. 32(mm) B. 16(mm) C. 24(mm) D. 8(mm)
HD:+ Bc sng: ( ) mm v 8
2
.

+ Dao ng tng hp ti P (im P nm trn trung trc ca d d d S S

2 1 2 1
) l:
( ) ( )
( ) mm
d
t
d d
t
d d
a u
P

,
_

,
_

2
200 cos 4 200 cos cos 2
2 1 2 1
Bi gii Thi th ln 1_ Lp LTH Cp tc 2012
+ Do , lch pha dao ng ca im P vi cc ngun l :

d
P
2
.
+ im P dao ng cng pha vi cc ngun khi: k
P
2 ( ) ( ) Z k mm k k d 8 .
+ V P nm trn ng trung trc nn cn c iu kin: 125 , 3 25 8
2
2 1
k k
S S
d , k = 4,5,6...
4
min
k ( ) mm d 32 8 . 4
min

.
Cu 43. Ti thi im ban u, in tch trn t in ca mt mch dao ng LC t gi tr cc i. Sau thi gian t nht l bao lu in
tch trn t cn li mt na gi tr ban u?
A. T/4. B. T /6. C. T/8. D. T/2.
HD:+ S dng mi lin h gia CT v DT t do.
+ Thi gian ngn nht in tch gim t Q
0
n Q0/2 ng vi gc qut l .
+ Vi
6
.
2
.
3 2
1 2 /
cos
min min min
0
0
T
t t
T
t
Q
Q

Cu 44. Mt t bo quang in c katt bng Xdi, gii hn quang in ca kim loi ny l 0=650nm. Katt c chiu sng vi cng
sut P=1mW. Khi hiu in th hm i vi t bo quang in l U=0,07V. Bit rng hiu sut lng t bng 1.Cng dng quang
in bo ha qua t bo quang in l.
A.
) ( 55 . 2 A I
bh

B.
) ( 10 . 1 , 5
2
A I
bh

C.
) ( 10 . 1 , 5
4
A I
bh

D.
) ( 10 . 22 , 2
4
A I
bh

HD:+ Gi N l s phtn quang in thot ra khi b mt katt trong thi gian t. Do mi phtn cho 1 lctrn nn s lctrn c
gii phng ra khi b mt katt trong thi gian ny cng bng N.
+ Cng dng in bo ha s l:
hf
P
e
t
N
e
t
q
I
bh

;(Vi cng sut chiu sng: . hf

t
N
P

)
+ Theo h thc Anhstanh: .
2
0 0
2
max 0

hc
eU hf
hc
hf
mv
eU
h h
+ ). ( 10 . 1 , 5
4
0
0
A
eU hc
eP
I
h
bh

Cu 45. Ht nhn
210
Po
l cht phng x v bin i thnh ht nhn Pb. Ti thi im t, t l gia s ht Pb v s ht Po trong mu l
5, vy ti thi im ny t l gia khi lng Pb v khi lng Po trong mu l:
A. 5,097. B. 0,204. C. 4,905 . D. 0,196.
. 206
: 5 4, 905
. 210
A
Pb
Pb Pb Pb Pb Po
A
Po Po Po Pb
Po
Po
N
m
N A m N A
HD
N
N m N A
m
A

Cu 46. Mt con lc l xo thng ng c cng k =100N/m v vt c khi lng m = 500g. Ban u ko vt ra khi v tr cn bng
mt on l 10cm ri th nh cho n dao ng. Trong qu trnh dao ng vt lun chu tc dng ca lc cn bng 0,005 ln trng lng
ca n. Coi bin ca vt gim u trong tng chu k, ly g = 10m/s
2
. Tm s ln vt i qua v tr cn bng.
A. 50 ln B. 100 ln C. 200 ln D. 150 ln
HD:+ Gi s ban u vt v tr c bin A1 sau na chu k vt ti v tr c bin A2.Bin ca vt b gim do lc cn.
+ p dng nh lut bo ton nng lng: ( )
k
F
A A A A F kA kA
c
c
2
2
1
2
1
2 1 2 1
2
2
2
1
+
+ Tng t gim bin sau na chu k tip l: ( )
k
F
A A A A F kA kA
c
c
2
2
1
2
1
3 2 3 2
2
3
2
2
+
+ Vy gim bin sau mi chu k lun khng i l: ) ( 1 , 0 ) ( 001 , 0
005 , 0 . 4 4
cm m
k
mg
k
F
A
c

+ S chu k vt thc hin l.
. 100
1 , 0
10

A
A
n
Vy s ln vt i qua v tr cn bng l:100.2 = 200(ln)
Cu 47 Cu 8: Cho mch in xoay chiu RLC mc ni tip, cun dy thun cm. Bit L = CR
2
. t vo hai u on mch in p
xoay chiu n nh, mch c cng h s cng sut vi hai gi tr ca tn s gc ) s / rad ( 50
1
v ) s / rad ( 200
2
. H s
cng sut ca on mch bng
A.
2
13
. B.
2
1
. C.
2
1
. D.
12
3
.
Bi gii Thi th ln 1_ Lp LTH Cp tc 2012
Gii: p dng cng thc:
2 2
os
1
( )
R R
c
Z
R L
C

+
Do cos1 = cos2 ta c:

2 2
1 2
1 2
1 1
( ) ( ) L L
C C



m 1 2 nn
1 2 1 2
1 2 2 2
1 2
1 1 1 1 1
( ) ( ) ( )
1
(1)
L L L
C C C
LC

+ +

Theo bi ra L = CR
2
(2) T (1) v (2) ta c:
1 2
1 2
100
1 1
100
R R
L
C
R R




2 2 1
1
1
2
os
1 13
( )
R R
c
Z
R L
C

+
Cu 48. c trng sinh l ca m l:
A. Tn s m B. Cng m. C. to ca m. D. Dng th m.
Cu 49. Mt con lc l xo dao ng iu ha vi chu k T v bin 10 cm. Bit trong mt chu k, khong thi gian vt nh ca con lc c
ln vn tc khng nh hn 10
2
cm/s l
2
T
. Ly
2
=10. Tn s dao ng ca vt l:
A. 2 Hz. B. 4 Hz. C. 3 Hz. D. 1 Hz.
Gii:
Quy v vn tc khng nh hn 10
2
cm/s khi li x tha mn iu kin g? Sau dng ng trn gii
Cu 50. Nguyn t Hidro ang trng thi c bn hp th photon c nng lng thch hp chuyn sang trng thi kch thch th 3.S
bc x m nguyn t c th pht ra l:
A. 10 B. 15 C. 6 D. 3
HD:+ Khi nguyn t trng thi kich thch th 4(n = 5) th electron qu o ONguyn t c th pht ra 10 bc x.
II. Chng trnh nng cao (T cu 41 n cu 50)
Cu 51. Mt ngun m pht ra m c tn s f ang chuyn ng li gn mt my thu vi tc vs .My thu cng chuyn ng vi tc
vm li gn ngun m,bit vn tc truyn m l v.Tn s m m my thu thu c l:
A.
f
v v
v v
f
s
m
+

/
B.
f
v v
v v
f
m
s
+

/
C.
f
v v
v v
f
s
m

/
D.
f
v v
v v
f
m
s

/
Cu 52. Tc ca mt tn la phi bng bao nhiu ln tc nh sng c ngi li s gi chm hn hai ln so vi quan st vin trn
mt t?
A. v = 0,816c B. v = 0,818c C. v = 0,826c D. v = 0,866c
2
0
0 2
2
2
1
: ; 2. 1 0, 866.
2
1
t v
HD t t t v c
c
v
c

'

Cu 53. Mt ngun phng x nhn to va c to thnh c chu k bn r l T=2h,c phng x ln hn mc cho php l 64 ln.
Thi gian ti thiu ta c th lm vic an ton vi ngun phng x ny l:
A. 6h B. 24h C. 12h D. 36h
HD:Khi t = 0, H0= 64H;Sau thi gian t phng x mc an ton H1=H= T
t
2 .
0

H

t= 12 h
Cu 54. Mt vt dao ng iu ho vi phng trnh x = 8cos(t-
4

) cm. Thi im vt
qua v tr c ng nng bng 3 ln th nng ln th 2010 l:
A.
) (
12
2139
s
B.
) (
12
11
s

Bi gii Thi th ln 1_ Lp LTH Cp tc 2012
C.
) (
12
12011
s
D. ) (
12
12059
s
HD + W = 3Wt cm
A
x W W
t
4
2 4
1
t t
c 4 v tr trn ng trn M1, M2, M3, M4.
+ Qua ln th 2010 th phi quay 502 vng ri i t M0 n M2.
+ Gc qut
12
11
1004
4 3
2 . 502

+
,
_

+ ( ) s t
12
12059
12
11
1004 +

Cu 55. Mch dao ng ca mt my pht sng in t gm mt cun dy c t cm L = 20 H v mt t in c in dung C1 = 120

pF. my c th pht ra sng in t c bc sng = 113 m th ta c th:
A. mc song song vi t C1 mt t in c in dung C2 = 60 pF.
B. mc song song vi t C1 mt t in c in dung C2 = 180 pF.
C. mc ni tip vi t C1 mt t in c in dung C2 = 60 pF.
D. mc ni tip vi t C1 mt t in c in dung C2 = 180 pF.
( )
( )
2 2
8
1 2 16 2 16 6
2 1
113
6 10 180
36 10 36 10 20 10
60 Ghp song song v i t C
HD : . LC C pF C
. .L . . .
C C pF

>

Cu 56. Tm tc ca ht mezon nng lng ton phn ca n gp 10 ln nng lng ngh.
A. 1,2.10
8
m/s B. 2,985.10
8
m/s C. 0.4.10
8
m/s D. 0.8.10
8
m/s
HD:+ Theo bi ra:E = 10.E0
) / ( 10 . 985 , 2 .
100
99
10
1
1 10
1
8
2
2
2
0
2
2
2
0
s m c v
c
v
c m
c
v
c m

Cu 57. Mt rng rc c bn knh 15 cm, c momen qun tnh 0,04 kg.m

2
i vi trc ca n. Rng rc chu tc dng bi mt lc khng
i 1,2 N tip tuyn vi vnh. Lc u rng rc ng yn. Tnh gc quay ca rng rc sau khi quay c 16 s. B qua mi lc cn.
A. 150 rad B. 750 rad C. 576 rad D. 1500 rad
2
0
1 1
: . 576( )
2 2
M FR FR
HD t t t rad
I I I
+
Cu 58. Trn mt mt cht lng, ti O c mt ngun sng c dao ng c tn s
Hz f 30
. Vn tc truyn sng l mt gi tr no
trong khong
s m v s m / 9 , 2 / 6 , 1 < <
. Bit ti im M cch O mt khong 10cm sng ti lun dao ng ngc pha vi dao ng ti
O. Gi tr ca vn tc l:
A. 3m/s B. 2m/s C. 1,6m/s D. 2,4m/s
HD:+ Dao ng ti M lun ngc pha vi dao ng ti O nn ta c
1 2
2 , 0
) ( 1 , 0
2
) 1 2 (
+
+
k
m MO k

+
1 2
6
+

k
f v . Vi 1,6 < v < 2,9 s m v k Z k k
k
) / ( 2 1 ) ( 375 , 1 53 , 0 9 , 2
1 2
6
6 , 1 < < <
+
<
Cu 59. Mt bnh c momen qun tnh I ang quay chm dn u. Momen ng lng ca n gim t L1 n L2 trong khong thi
gian t. Trong khong thi gian t bnh quay c mt gc l:
A. 0,5t(L1 - L2)/I B. t(L1 + L2)/I C. t(L1 - L2)/I D. 0,5t(L1 + L2)/I
( )
2 1 2 2 1 2 1
1
1
2 2
t L L L L
HD : . t . t
t I . t .I


+
+
'

Cu 60. Mch in gm mt bin tr R mc ni tip vi cun dy thun cm .t vo hai u on mch mt in ap xoay chiu n
nh u = U0cos100

t V. Thay i R ta thy vi hai gi tr

1
45 R = W
v
2
80 R = W
th mch tiu th cng sut u bng 80 W, cng
sut tiu th trn mch t cc i bng:
A.
80 2
W . B.
250
W
3
. C. 250 W . D. 100 W .
HD:+ Ta c
( )
( ) (*) 0 . .
2 2
2 2
2
2
+
+

C L
C L
Z Z P R U R P
Z Z R
R U
R I P
T (*) ( ) ) ( 60 . .
2 1
2
2 1
R R Z Z Z Z R R
C L C L
V
( ) [ ]
) ( 100
1
2 2
1
V
R
Z Z R P
U
C L

Bi gii Thi th ln 1_ Lp LTH Cp tc 2012

+ Ta c:
( ) ( )
) (
3
250
2
) ( 60
2
max max
2
2
2 2
2
W
R
U
P Z Z R P
R
Z Z
R
U
Z Z R
R U
P
C L
C L C L

Bi gii Thi th ln 1_ Lp LTH Cp tc 2012