X L THNG K BNG EXCEL

Cc hm thng k c th chia thnh 3 nhm nh sau: Nhm hm v Thng K, nhm hm v Phn

Phi Xc Sut, v nhm hm v Tng Quan v Hi Quy TuynTnh

NHM HM V THNG K
AVEDEV (number1, number2, ...)

Tnh trung bnh lch tuyt i cc im d liu theo trung

bnh ca chng. Thng dng lm thc o v s bin i
ca tp s liu

AVERAGE (number1, number2, ...)

Tnh trung bnh cng

AVERAGEA (number1, number2, ...)

Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc gi tr, bao gm c nhng gi

tr logic

AVERAGEIF (range, criteria1)

Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc gi tr trong mt mng theo

mt iu kin

AVERAGEIFS (range, criteria1, criteria2,

...)

Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc gi tr trong mt mng theo

nhiu iu kin

COUNT (value1, value2, ...)

m s trong danh sch.

COUNTA (value1, value2, ...)

m s c cha gi tr (khng rng) trong danh sch.

COUNTBLANK (range)

m cc rng trong mt vng.

COUNTIF (range, criteria)

m s tha mt iu kin cho trc bn trong mt dy

COUNTIFS (range1, criteria1,

range2,criteria2,)

m s tha nhiu iu kin cho trc.

DEVSQ (number1, number2, ...)

Tnh bnh phng lch cc im d liu t trung bnh mu

ca chng, ri cng cc bnh phng li.

FREQUENCY (data_array, bins_array)

Tnh xem c bao nhiu gi tr thng xuyn xut hin bn

trong mt dy gi tr, ri tr v mt mng ng cc s. Lun
s dng hm ny dng cng thc mng

GEOMEAN (number1, number2, ...)

Tr v trung bnh nhn ca mt dy cc s dng. Thng

dng tnh mc tng trng trung bnh, trong li kp c
cc li bin i c cho trc

HARMEAN (number1, number2, ...)

Tr v trung bnh iu ha (nghch o ca trung bnh cng)

ca cc s

KURT (number1, number2, ...)

Tnh nhn ca tp s liu, biu th mc nhn hay mc

phng tng i ca mt phn b so vi phn b chun

LARGE (array, k)

Tr v gi tr ln nht th k trong mt tp s liu.

MAX (number1, number2, ...)

Tr v gi tr ln nht ca mt tp gi tr.

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

1

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)

MAXA (number1, number2, ...)

Tr v gi tr ln nht ca mt tp gi tr, bao gm c cc gi

tr logic v text

MEDIAN (number1, number2, ...)

Tnh trung bnh v ca cc s.

MIN (number1, number2, ...)

Tr v gi tr nh nht ca mt tp gi tr.

MINA (number1, number2, ...)

Tr v gi tr nh nht ca mt tp gi tr, bao gm c cc

gi tr logic v text.

MODE (number1, number2, ...)

Tr v gi tr xut hin nhiu nht trong mt mng gi tr.

PERCENTILE (array, k)

Tm phn v th k ca cc gi tr trong mt mng d liu.

PERCENTRANK (array, x, significance)

Tr v th hng (v tr tng i) ca mt tr trong mt

mng d liu, l s phn trm ca mng d liu

PERMUT (number, number_chosen)

Tr v hon v ca cc i tng.

QUARTILE (array, quart)

Tnh im t phn v ca tp d liu. Thng c dng

trong kho st d liu chia cc tp hp thnh nhiu
nhm

RANK (number, ref, order)

Tnh th hng ca mt s trong danh sch cc s.

SKEW (number1, number2, ...)

Tr v lch ca phn phi, m t khng i xng ca

phn phi quanh tr trung bnh ca n.

SMALL (array, k) :

Tr v gi tr nh nht th k trong mt tp s.

STDEV (number1, number2, ...)

c lng lch chun trn c s mu.

STDEVA (value1, value2, ...)

c lng lch chun trn c s mu, bao gm c nhng

gi tr logic.

STDEVP (number1, number2, ...)

Tnh lch chun theo ton th tp hp.

STDEVPA (value1, value2, ...)

Tnh lch chun theo ton th tp hp, k c ch v cc

gi tr logic.

VAR (number1, number2, ...)

Tr v phng sai da trn mu.

VARA (value1, value2, )

Tr v phng sai da trn mu, bao gm c cc tr logic v

text.

VARP (number1, number2, ...)

Tr v phng sai da trn ton th tp hp.

VARPA (value1, value2, )

Tr v phng sai da trn ton th tp hp, bao gm c cc

tr logic v text.

TRIMMEAN (array, percent)

Tnh trung bnh phn trong ca mt tp d liu, bng cch

loi t l phn trm ca cc im d liu u v cui tp
d liu.

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

2

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)

NHM HM V PHN PHI XC SUT

BETADIST (x, alpha, beta, A, B)

Tr v gi tr ca hm tnh mt phn phi xc sut

tch ly beta.

BETAINV (probability, alpha, beta, A, B)

Tr v nghch o ca hm tnh mt phn phi xc

sut tch ly beta

BINOMDIST (number_s, trials, probability_s,

cumulative)

Tr v xc sut ca nhng ln th thnh cng ca

phn phi nh phn.

CHIDIST (x, degrees_freedom)

Tr v xc xut mt pha ca phn phi chi-squared.

CHIINV (probability, degrees_freedom)

Tr v nghch o ca xc xut mt pha ca phn

phi chi-squared.

CHITEST (actual_range, expected_range)

Tr v gi tr ca xc xut t phn phi chi-squared

v s bc t do tng ng.

CONFIDENCE (alpha, standard_dev, size)

Tnh khong tin cy cho mt k vng l thuyt

CRITBINOM (trials, probability_s, alpha)

Tr v gi tr nh nht sao cho phn phi nh thc

tch ly ln hn hay bng gi tr tiu chun. Thng
dng bo m cc ng dng t cht lng

EXPONDIST (x, lambda, cumulative) :

Tnh phn phi m. Thng dng m phng thi

gian gia cc bin c

FDIST (x, degrees_freedom1, degrees_freedom2)

Tnh phn phi xc sut F. Thng dng tm xem

hai tp s liu c nhiu mc khc nhau hay
khng

FINV (probability, degrees_freedom1,

degrees_freedom2)

Tnh nghch o ca phn phi xc sut F. Thng

dng so snh bin thin trong hai tp s liu.

FTEST (array1, array2) :

Tr v kt qu ca mt php th F. Thng dng

xc nh xem hai mu c cc phng sai khc nhau
hay khng

FISHER (x)

Tr v php bin i Fisher ti x. Thng dng

kim tra gi thuyt da trn h s tng quan

FISHERINV (y)

Tnh nghch o php bin i Fisher. Thng dng

phn tch mi tng quan gia cc mng s liu

GAMMADIST (x, alpha, beta, cumulative)

Tr v phn phi tch ly gamma. C th dng

nghin cu c phn b lch.

GAMMAINV (probability, alpha, beta)

Tr v nghch o ca phn phi tch ly gamma.

GAMMLN (x)

Tnh logarit t nhin ca hm gamma.

HYPGEOMDIST (number1, number2, ...)

Tr v phn phi siu bi (xc sut ca mt s ln

thnh cng no )

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

3

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)

LOGINV (probability, mean, standard_dev)

Tnh nghch o ca hm phn phi tch ly lognormal

ca x (LOGNORMDIST)

LOGNORMDIST (x, mean, standard_dev)

Tr v phn phi tch ly lognormal ca x, trong

logarit t nhin ca x thng c phn phi vi cc
tham s mean v standard_dev.

NEGBINOMDIST (number_f, number_s,

probability_s)

Tr v phn phi nh thc m (tr v xc sut m s

c number_f ln tht bi trc khi c number_s ln
thnh cng, khi xc sut khng i ca mt ln thnh
cng l probability_s)

NORMDIST (x, mean, standard_dev, cumulative)

Tr v phn phi chun (normal distribution). Thng

c s dng trong vic thng k, gm c vic kim
tra gi thuyt.

NORMINV (probability, mean, standard_dev)

Tnh nghch o phn phi tch ly chun.

NORMSDIST (z)

Tr v hm phn phi tch ly chun tc (standard

normal cumulative distribution function), l phn phi
c tr trung bnh cng l zero (0) v lch chun l
1.

NORMSINV (probability)

Tnh nghch o ca hm phn phi tch ly chun

tc.

POISSON (x, mean, cumulative)

Tr v phn phi poisson. Thng dng c tnh

s lng bin c s xy ra trong mt khong thi gian
nht nh.

PROB (x_range, prob_range, lower_limit,

upper_limit)

Tnh xc sut ca cc tr trong dy nm gia hai gii

hn.

STANDARDIZE (x, mean, standard_dev)

Tr v tr chun ha t phn phi biu th bi mean

v standard_dev.

TDIST (x, degrees_freedom, tails)

Tr v xc sut ca phn phi Student (phn phi t),

trong x l gi tr tnh t t v c dng tnh xc
sut.

TINV (probability, degrees_freedom)

Tr v gi tr t ca phn phi Student.

TTEST (array1, array2, tails, type)

Tnh xc xut kt hp vi php th Student.

WEIBULL (x, alpha, beta, cumulative)

Tr v phn phi Weibull. Thng s dng trong phn

tch tin cy, nh tnh tui th trung bnh ca mt
thit b.

ZTEST (array, x, sigma)

Tr v xc sut mt pha ca php th z.

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

4

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)

NHM HM V TNG QUAN V HI QUY TUYN TNH

CORREL (array1, array2)

Tnh h s tng quan gia hai mng xc nh mi

quan h ca hai c tnh.

COVAR (array1, array2)

Tnh tch s cc lch ca mi cp im d liu, ri

tnh trung bnh cc tch s .

FORECAST (x, known_y's, known_x's)

Tnh ton hay d on mt gi tr tng lai bng cch

s dng cc gi tr hin c, bng phng php hi
quy tuyn tnh.

GROWTH (known_y's, known_x's, new_x's,

const)

Tnh ton s tng trng d kin theo hm m, bng

cch
s
dng
cc
d
kin
hin
c.

INTERCEPT (known_y's, known_x's)

Tm im giao nhau ca mt ng thng vi trc y

bng cch s dng cc tr x v y cho trc

LINEST (known_y's, known_x's, const, stats)

Tnh thng k cho mt ng bng cch dng phng

php bnh phng ti thiu (least squares) tnh
ng thng thch hp nht vi d liu, ri tr v
mng m t ng thng . Lun dng hm ny
dng cng thc mng.

LOGEST (known_y's, known_x's, const, stats)

Dng trong phn tch hi quy. Hm s tnh ng

cong hm m ph hp vi d liu c cung cp, ri
tr v mng ga tr m t ng cong . Lun dng
hm ny dng cng thc mng.

PEARSON (array1, array2)

Tnh h s tng quan momen tch pearson (r), mt

ch mc khng th nguyn, trong khong t -1 n 1,
phn nh s m rng quan h tuyn tnh gia hai tp
s liu.

RSQ (known_y's, known_x's)

Tnh bnh phng h s tng quan momen tch

Pearson (r), thng qua cc im d liu trong
known_y's v known_x's.

SLOPE (known_y's, known_x's)

Tnh h s gc ca ng hi quy tuyn tnh thng

qua cc im d liu.

STEYX (known_y's, known_x's)

Tr v sai s chun ca tr d on y i vi mi tr x
trong hi quy.

TREND (known_y's, known_x's, new_x's, const)

Tr v cc tr theo xu th tuyn tnh

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

5

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)

Ngoi cch dng cc hm trn ta cn dng menu Analysis ToolPak ci t nh sau: Trong Excel
chn menu Tools/Add-Ins /Analysis ToolPak / Ok

Khi chn menu Tools / Data Analysis

Chn cc mc cn thit trong cc thc n trn gii cc bi ton di y:

I. THNG K M T (Descriptive Statistics)

1) Bng phn phi tn s - Bng phn phi tn sut
Nhp d liu
Dng hm: FREQUENCY (data_array, bins_array)
data_array : a ch mng d liu
bins_array: a ch mng cc gi tr khc nhau ca d liu.

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

6

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)

V d : Lp bng v v biu d liu sau:

12

13

11

13

15

12

11

10

14

13

12

15

Lp bng phn phi tn s:

o

Nhp ct gi tr khc nhau vo C3:C8

nh du khi ct tn s D3:D8 , nhn F2 nhp cng thc

= frequency(A2: A13 , C3:C8) v n CTRL+SHIFT +ENTER

Lp bng phn phi tn sut:nhp vo G2 cng thc =D3/$D$9 ,copy cc cn li.

V biu
o

Chn menu: Insert/ Chart/ Line/ Next

Nhp vo Data Range : $G$3:$G$8

Chn Tab Series , nhp a ch ct gi tr: $F$3:$F$8 vo Category (X) axis

labels

Chn Next , Finish

v chn mc Column

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

7

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)

0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15

Series1

0.1
0.05
0
10

11

12

13

14

15

2) c trung mu
V d: Tnh c trng mu ca d liu sau:

12

13

11

13

15

12

11

10

14

13

12

15

Nhp d liu trong ct A1:A12

Chn menu Tools/Data Analysis/Descriptive Statistics
Nhp cc mc:

Input Range: a ch tuyt i cha d liu $A$1:$A$12

Output Range: a ch xut kt qu

Confidence Level for Mean ( tin cy cho trung bnh)

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

8

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)

 Kt qu bao gm: K vng (trung bnh), phng sai, trung v, mode, lch chun,
nhn, nghing (h s bt i xng so vi phn phi chun), khong bin thin, max,
min, sum, s mu (count), khong tin cy ca trung bnh mc 95% .
Tnh theo cc hm

Column1
Mean

Sx
= 0.451569
n

Standard Error
Median

12.5

Mode
Standard Deviation

Gi tr trung bnh

x = 12.58333

12
sx= 1.564279

Sample Variance

2.44697

AVERAGE(A1:A12)

Sai s mu
Trung v

MEDIAN(A1:A12)

Mode

MODE(A1:A12)

lch chun

STDEV(A1:A12)

Phng sai mu

VAR(A1:A12)

Kurtosis

-0.61768

nhn ca nh

KURT(A1:A12)

Skewness

0.157146

nghing

SKEW(A1:A12)

Khong bin thin

MAX()-MIN()

Range

Minimum

10

Ti thiu

MIN(A1:A12)

Maximum

15

Ti a

MAX(A1:A12)

151

Tng

SUM(A1:A12)

S lng mu

COUNT(A1:A12)

Sum
Count
Confidence Level(95.0%)

n= 12

ta

Sx
= 0.993896 chnh xc
n

Ch : Khi mu ln (n 30) ta thay ta

Sx
bng
n

za

Sx
trong o: Za = NORMSINV(1- a/2)
n

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

9

CONFIDENCE(0,05;Sx;n)

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)

II. C LNG THAM S

c lng trung bnh m ng a ta thc hin cc bc sau:

Nhp d liu mu v x l mu bng thng k m t (Descriptive Statistics)

Tnh khong c lng trung bnh a theo:

x za

Sx
n

; x ta

Sx
n

V d: Kho st sc bn chu lc ca m loi ng cng nghip ngi ta o 9 ng v thu c

cc s liu sau:
4500 6500 5000 5200 4800 4900 5125 6200 5375

V d: Tin hnh xem trong mt thng trung bnh mt sinh vin tiu ht bao nhiu tin gi
in thoi. Kho st ngu nhin 59 sinh vin thu c kt qu:
14
95
30
29
22

18
16
147
73
36

22
27
72
26
60

30
111
37
15
41

36
37
25
26
35

28
63
7
31
26

42
127
33
57
20

79
23
29
40
58

36
31
35
18
33

52
70
41
85
23

15
27
48
28
35

47
11
15
32

Hy c lng khong tin cy ca s tin gi in thoi trung bnh hng thng ca mt

sinh vin vi tin cy 95%.
s

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

10

33.96481

48.23858

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)

III. KIM NH GI THIT

1) So snh 2 trung bnh vi phng sai bit hay mu ln (n30)
v Dng menu: Tools/ Data Analysis / z-test:Two Sample for Means
v Tiu chun kim nh: z=

x1 - x2
s12
n1

s 22
n2

v Phn v 2 pha za/2 l: z Critical two-tail

v Nu z > za/2 th bc b H0 , chp nhn H1
Nu z za/2 th chp nhn H0 , bc b H1
V d: Ngi ta chn 2 mu, mi mu 10 my, t hai l (I v II c sn xut vi phng
sai bit trc tng ng l 1 v 0,98) kho st thi gian hon thnh cng vic
(pht) ca chng:
I
6 8 9 10 6 15 9 7 13 11
II
5 5 4
3 9
9 6 13 17 12
Hi kh nng hon thnh cng vic ca hai my c khc nhau hay khng? a=0,05
Nhp v x l d liu
Variable 1 Range , Variable 2 Range: a ch tuyt i ca vng d liu ca I, II
Variable 1 Variance(known), Variable 2 Variance(known): phng sai ca I,II
Labels: chn khi c tn bin u ct hoc hng
Alpha : mc ngha a
Output options: chn cch xut kt qu

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

11

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)

Kt qu:
H0: a1=a2
H1: a1a2

Kh nng hon thnh cng vic ca 2 my nh nhau

Kh nng hon thnh cng vic ca 2 my khc nhau
I

II

Mean

9.4

8.3

0.98

10

10

Known Variance
Observations
Hypothesized Mean Difference

Trung bnh mu
phng sai mu bit
s quan st (c mu)

2.472066162

Tiu chun kim nh

P(Z<=z) one-tail

0.006716741

Xc sut 1 pha

z Critical one-tail

1.644853476

phn v 1 pha

P(Z<=z) two-tail

0.013433483

Xc sut 2 pha

z Critical two-tail

1.959962787

phn v 2 pha

z=2.472066162 > za/2=1.959962787 nn bc b H0 , chp nhn H1

Vy: Kh nng hon thnh cng vic ca 2 my khc nhau
2) So snh 2 trung bnh vi d liu tng cp
v c dng khi mu b, ph thuc, phng sai 2 mu khng bng nhau v mi phn t
kho st c 2 ch tiu X (trc), Y (sau) khi thay i iu kin th nghim.
v Chn menu: Tools/Data Analysis/ t-test:Paired Two Sample for Means
n

v Tiu chun kim nh: t=

SD n

D=

( X i - Yi )
i =1

, SD =

( Di - D) 2
i =1

n -1

v Phn v 2 pha ta/2 l: t Critical two-tail

v Nu t > ta/2 th bc b H0 , chp nhn H1
Nu t ta/2 th chp nhn H0 , bc b H1
V d: nghin cu ca mt loi thuc ng, ngi ta cho 10 bnh nhn ung thuc. Ln
khc h cng cho bnh nhn ung thuc nhng l thuc gi (thuc khng c tc
dng). Kt qu th nghim nh sau:
Bnh nhn
S gi ng c thuc
S gi ng vi thuc gi

1
6,1
5,2

2
7,0
7,9

3
8,2
3,9

4
7,6
4,7

5
6,5
5,3

6
8,4
5,4

7
6,9
4,2

8
6,7
6,1

9
7,4
3,8

10
5,8
6,3

Gi s s gi ng ca cc bnh nhn c qui lut chun. Vi mc ngha a=0,05 hy kt

lun v nh hng ca loi thuc ng trn?

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

12

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)

 Nhp v x l d liu

Kt qu

H0: a1=a2 Thuc ng trn khng c tc dng n s gi ng

H1: a1a2 Thuc ng trn c tc dng n s gi ng

t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means

S gi ng c thuc
Mean
Variance

7.06

5.28

0.720444444

1.577333333

10

10

Observations
Pearson Correlation

S gi ng vi thuc gi

-0.388571913

Hypothesized Mean Difference

df

t Stat

3.183538302

P(T<=t) one-tail

0.005560693

t Critical one-tail

1.833113856

P(T<=t) two-tail

0.011121385

t Critical two-tail

2.262158887

t= 3,1835 > ta/2= 2,2622 nn chp nhn H1

Vy loi thuc ng trn c nh hng lm tng s gi ng trung bnh.

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

13

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)

3) So snh 2 trung bnh vi phng sai bng nhau

v c dng khi 2 mu b , c lp v phng sai 2 mu bng nhau.
v Chn menu:Tools/Data Analysis/ t-test:Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances
v Tiu chun kim nh: t=

X1 - X 2
S 2p

1
n1

1
n2

S 2p =

(n1 - 1) S12 + (n2 - 1) S 22

n1 + n 2 - 2

v Phn v 2 pha ta/2 l: t Critical two-tail

v Nu t > ta/2 th bc b H0 , chp nhn H1
Nu t ta/2 th chp nhn H0 , bc b H1

V d: Ngi ta cho 10 bnh nhn ung thuc h cholesterol ng thi cho 10 bnh nhn
khc ung gi dc, ri xt nghim v nng cholesterol trong mu (g/l)ca c 2
nhm:
Thuc
1,10 0,99 1,05 1,01 1,02 1,07 1,10 0,98 1,03 1,12
Gi dc
1,25 1,31 1,28 1,20 1,18 1,22 1,22 1,17 1,19 1,21
Vi a=0,05 hy cho bit thuc c tc dng h cholesterol trong mu khng?

Nhp v x l d liu

Kt qu
H0: a1=a2 Thuc v gi dc c tc dng nh nhau
H1: a1<a2 Thuc c tc dng h cholesterol trong mu

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

14

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances

Thuc
Gi dc
1.047
1.223
0.002401111 0.002001111
10
10
0.002201111
0
18
-8.388352782
6.19807E-08
1.734063062
1.23961E-07
2.100923666

Mean
Variance
Observations
Pooled Variance
Hypothesized Mean Difference
df
t Stat
P(T<=t) one-tail
t Critical one-tail
P(T<=t) two-tail
t Critical two-tail
t= -8,3884 < -ta= -1,7341 nn chp nhn H1
Vy thuc trn c tc dng h cholesterol trong mu.
4) So snh 2 trung bnh vi phng sai khc nhau

v c dng khi mu b , c lp v c phng sai khc nhau (2 mu phn bit)

v Chnmenu:Tools/Data Analysis/ t-test:Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances
v Tiu chun kim nh: t=

X1 - X 2
S12
n1

S 22
n2

v Phn v 2 pha ta/2 l: t Critical two-tail

v Nu t > ta/2 th bc b H0 , chp nhn H1
Nu t ta/2 th chp nhn H0 , bc b H1
V d: Thi gian tan r (pht) ca mt loi vin bao t 2 x nghip dc phm (XNDP) khc
nhau c kim nghim nh sau:
XNDP I
XNDP II

61
62

71
69

68
65

73
65

71
70

70
71

69
68

74
73

Thi gian tan r ca vin bao thuc hai XNDP c ging nhau khng?

Nhp, x l d liu v kt qu
H0 : a1=a2 Thi gian tan r ca vin bao 2 XNDP nh nhau
H1 : a1 a2 Thi gian tan r ca vin bao 2 XNDP khc nhau

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

15

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)

XNDP I
Mean

XNDP II

69.625

67.875

15.98214286

13.26785714

Observations

Hypothesized Mean Difference

Variance

df

14

t Stat

0.915208631

P(T<=t) one-tail

0.187788433

t Critical one-tail

1.76130925

P(T<=t) two-tail

0.375576865

t Critical two-tail

2.144788596

t=0,9152 2,1448 nn chp nhn H0

Vy thi gian tan r ca vin bao thuc 2 XNDP nh nhau.
5) So snh 2 t s
v i vi th nghim c 2 kt qu, so snh 2 t s ca 2 kt qu , ta dng
r

kim nh

c2 (chi-quared) : c2=

i =1 j =1

(nij - npi ) 2
npi

npi =

tong hang x tong cot

n

nij: tn s thc nghim, npij: tn s l thuyt ca (i,j) ; r : s hng ; c : s ct

v Dng hm CHITEST( actual_range , expected_range).
2
Tnh gi tr: P(X>c ) =CHITEST
v Nu P(X>c2) > a th chp nhn H0 v ngc li.
V d: Kt qu iu tr trn 2 nhm bnh nhn: mt nhm dng thuc v mt nhm dng
gi dc c tm tt nh sau:
iu tr
S khi bnh
S khng khi bnh
Thuc
24
15
Gi dc
20
23
T l khi bnh do thuc v do gi dc c khc nhau khng?
Nhp v x l d liu

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

16

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)

 Kt qu

P(X>c2)= 0,17295 > a = 0,05 , nn chp nhn H0

Vy t l khi bnh do thuc v do gi dc khng khc nhau.
6. So snh 2 phng sai
v So snh 2 phng sai c p dng so snh chnh xc ca 2 phng php
nh lng khc nhau.
v Chn menu:Tools/Data Analysis/F-Test Two-Samplefor Variances
v Tnh tiu chun kim nh F=

S12
S 22

v Nu F < Fa th chp nhn H0: s 12 = s 22 v ngc li.

V d: Mt c phn tch bi hai phng php A v B vi kt qu sau:
A
6,4 5,2 4,8 5,2 4,3 4,4 5,1 5,8
B
2,6 3,5 3,4 3,2 3,4 2,8 2,9 2,8
Cho bit phng php no chnh xc hn?
Nhp v x l d liu

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

17

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)

 Kt qu
H0: s A2 = s B2
H1 :

s A2

> s B2

Hai phng php c chnh xc nh nhau

chnh xc ca phng php B cao hn

F-Test Two-Sample for Variances

A
Mean

B
5.15

3.075

0.485714286

0.116428571

Observations

df

Variance

4.171779141

P(F<=f) one-tail

0.039514317

F Critical one-tail

3.787050673

F= 4,1718 > 3,7870 nn chp nhn H1

Vy phng php B chnh xc hn phng php A.

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

18

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)

IV. PHN TCH PHNG SAI (ANOVA)

1. Phn tch phng sai 1 nhn t

Gi s nhn t A c k mc X1, X2 , , Xk vi Xj c phn phi chun N(a,s2) c mu iu tra
X1
X2
--Xk
x11
x12
x1k
x21
x22
x2k
:
:
:
:
:

:
:
x
x
n k
n11

x n2 2

Vi mc ngha a , hy kim nh gi thit :

H0 : a1 = a2 = = ak
H1 : Tn ti j1j2 sao cho aj1aj2
t:

Tng s quan st:

n=

nj
j =1

Trung bnh mu nhm j ( j =1, .. , k ):

Trung bnh mu chung:

x=

xj =

1
nj

nj

Tj

xij = n
i =1

nj

vi

T j = xij
i =1

k nj

ni

k
1 k
T
xij =
v i T = xij = T j

n j =1 i =1
n
j =1 i =1
j =1
n

Phng sai hiu chnh nhm j:

SST =

S 2j

j
1
=
( xij - x j ) 2

n j - 1 i =1

nj

( xij - x ) 2

Tng bnh phng cc lch.

j =1 i =1

SSA =

n j (x j - x )2

Tng bnh phng lch ring ca cc nhm so vi

j =1

k nj

SST =
j =1 i =1

xij2

T2
n

MSA =

Nu H0 ng th F =

Min Ba :
Bng ANOVA
Ngun sai s

T j2

T2
SSA =
n
j =1 n j
k

SSE = SST - SSA

SSA
k -1

MSE =

SSE
n-k

MSA
c phn phi Fisher bc t do k-1; n-k
MSE

F > Fk-1; n-k ; 1-a

Tng bnh
phng SS

Bc t do
df

Bnh phng trung bnh

MS

Yu t
(Between Group)

SSA

k-1

Sai s
(Within Group)

SSE = SST - SSA

n-k

SSA
k -1
SSE
MSE =
n-k

Tng cng

SST

n-1

MSA =

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

19

Gi tr thng k
F

F=

MSA
MSE

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)

V d:
Hm lng Alcaloid (mg) trong mt loi dc liu c thu hi t 3 vng khc nhau
c s liu sau:
Vng 1 : 7,5
6,8
7,1
7,5
6,8
6,6
7,8
Vng 2 : 5,8
5,6
6,1
6,0
5,7
Vng 3 : 6,1
6,3
6,5
6,4
6,5
6,3
Hi hm lng Alcaloid c khc nhau theo vng hay khng?
Dng Excel
1. Nhp d liu theo ct

2. Chn mc : Anova: Single Factor

3. Chn cc mc nh hnh:

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

20

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)

4. Kt qu
Anova: Single Factor
SUMMARY
Groups
Vng 1
Vng 2
Vng 3

Count
7
5
6

ANOVA
Source of Variation
Between Groups
Within Groups

SS
5.326968
1.504143

Total

6.831111

Sum
50.1
29.2
38.1

df
2
15

Average
7.157143
5.84
6.35

Variance
0.202857
0.043
0.023

MS
2.663484
0.100276

F
26.56148

P-value
1.17756E-05

F crit
3.682316674

17

F= 26,5615 > Fk-1; n-k ; 1-a =3,6823 nn bc b H0 chp nhn H1.

Vy hm lng Alcaloid c sai khc theo vng.
Bi tp
1. So snh 3 loi thuc b A, B, C trn 3 nhm, ngi ta c kt qu tng trng(kg) nh sau:
A: 1,0
1,2
1,4
1,1
0,8
0,6
B: 2,0
1,8
1,9
1,2
1,4
1,0
1,5
1,8
C: 0,4
0,6
0,7
0,2
0,3
0,1
0,2
Hy so snh kt qu tng trng ca 3 loi thuc b trn vi a = 0,01
2. Mt nghin cu c thc hin nhm xem xt nng sut la trung bnh ca 3 ging la.
Kt qu thu thp qua 4 nm nh sau:
Nm
A
B
C
1
65
69
75
2
74
72
70
3
64
68
78
4
83
78
76
Hy cho bit nng sut la trung bnh ca 3 ging la c khc nhau hay khng? a=0,01
3. So snh hiu qu gim au ca 4 loi thuc A, B, C, D bng cch chia 20 bnh nhn thnh
4 nhm, mi nhm dng mt loi thuc gim au trn. Kt qu mc gim au l:
A:
82
89
77
72
92
B:
80
70
72
90
68
C:
77
69
67
65
57
D:
65
75
67
55
63
Hi hiu qu gim au ca 4 loi thuc c khc nhau khng?
Nu hiu qu gim au ca 4 loi thuc A, B, C, D khc nhau c ngha, hy so snh tng
cp thuc vi a = 0,05

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

21

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)

2. Phn tch phng sai 2 nhn t khng lp

Phn tch nhm nh gi s nh hng ca 2 nhn t A v B trn cc gi tr quan st xij
Gi s nhn t A c n mc a1 , a2 , , an
(nhn t hng)
B c m mc b1 , b2 , , bm (nhn t ct)
* Mu iu tra:
B

A
a1
a2
:
:
an

b1

b2

bm

x11
x21
:
:
xn1

x12
x22
:
:
xn2

x1m
x2m
:
:
xnm

* Gi thit H0:
Trung bnh nhn t ct bng nhau
Trung bnh nhn t hng bng nhau
Khng c s tng tc gia nhn t ct v hng
* Tin hnh tnh ton theo bng di y:
B

b1
b2
A
a1

x11

x12

bm

Ti* =

xij
j

x1m

T1*

xij2
j

x12j
j

a2

x21

x22

x2m

T2*

x22 j
j

an

xn1

xn2

xnm

Tn*

xnj2
j

T*j =

xij

T*1

T*2

T*m

xij2
i

T = xij
i, j

xi21
i

xi22

xim2

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

22

xij2
i, j

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)

* Bng ANOVA
Ngun
Yu t A

Yu t B

SS

SSA=

Ti*2

m
T*2j
j

SSB=

df

T2
m.n

T2
m.n

Sai s

SSE=SST-SSA-SSB

Tng

SST=

T2

xij2 - m.n

MS

SSA
(A =
n - 1

n-1

MS

m-1

MSB =

SSB
m -1

(n-1)(m1)

MSE =

SSE
(n - 1)(m - 1)

FA =

SSA
SSE

FB =

SSB
SSE

nm-1

i, j

* Kt lun:
Nu FA > F n-1 ; (n-1)(m-1) ; 1-a th bc b yu t A (hng)
Nu FB > F m-1 ; (n-1)(m-1) ; 1-a th bc b yu t B (ct)
V d:
Chit sut cht X t 1 loi dc liu bng 3 phng php v 5 loi dung mi, ta c kt qu:
PP Chit sut (B)
b1
b2
b3
Dung mi (A)
a1
120
60
60
a2
120
70
50
a3
130
60
50
a4
150
70
60
a5
110
75
54
Hy xt nh hng ca phng php chit sut v dung mi n kt qu chit sut cht X
vi a=0,01.

Gi thit H0 : * Trung bnh ca 3 phng php chit sut bng nhau

* Trung bnh ca 5 dung mi bng nhau
* Khng c s tng tc gia phng php chi sut v dung mi
Chn Tools\Data Analysis\Anova: Two-Factor without replication
Chn cc mc nh hnh

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

23

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)

Kt qu
SUMMARY
a1
a2
a3
a4
a5

Count

b1
b2
b3
ANOVA
Source of Variation
Rows
Columns
Error

3
3
3
3
3

Sum
240
240
240
280
239

80
80
80
93.33333333
79.66666667

Variance
1200
1300
1900
2433.333333
800.3333333

5
5
5

630
335
274

126
67
54.8

230
45
25.2

MS
108.0666667
7249.4
96.06666667

F
1.124913255
75.46217904

SS
432.2666667
14498.8
768.5333333

Total

15699.6

df
4
2
8

Average

P-value
0.409397603
6.42093E-06

F crit
7.006065061
8.64906724

14

FA < F4 ; 8 ; 0,99 = 7,006 Dung mi khng nh hng n kt qu chit sut.

FB > F 2 ; 8 ; 0,99 = 8,649 Phng php nh hng n kt qu chit sut.

Bi tp
1) Nghin cu v hiu qu ca 3 loi thuc A, B, C dng iu tr chng suy nhc thn kinh.
12 ngi bnh c chia lm 4 nhm theo mc bnh 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ; trong mi nhm chia
ra cng dng 1 trong 3 loi thuc trn. Sau 1 tun iu tr, kt qu nh gi bng thang
im nh sau:
bnh
Thuc

Mc

A
25
40
25
B
30
25
25
C
25
20
20
Hy nh gi hiu qu ca cc loi thuc A, B, C c khc nhau hay khng

4
30
25
25
? vi a = 0,01

2) Mt nghin cu c thc hin nhm xem xt s lin h gia loi phn bn, ging la n
nng sut. Nng sut la c ghi nhn t cc thc nghim sau:
Ging la
A
B
C
Loi phn bn
1
65
69
75
2
74
72
70
3
64
68
78
4
83
78
76
Hy nh gi s nh hng ging la, loi phn bn trn nng sut la, a = 0,05.

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

24

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)

3) kho st nh hng ca 4 loi thuc tr su (1, 2, 3 v 4) v ba loi ging (B1, B2 v

B3) n sn lng ca cam, cc nh nghin cu tin hnh mt th nghim loi giai tha.
Trong th nghim ny, mi ging cam c 4 cy cam c chn mt cch ngu nhin, v 4
loi thuc tr su p dng (cng ngu nhin) cho mi cy cam.
Kt qu nghin cu (sn lng cam) cho tng ging v thuc tr su nh sau:
Thuc tr su
1
2
3
4
Ging Cam
B1
29
50
43
53
B2
41
58
42
73
B3
66
85
63
85
Hy cho bit thuc tr su, ging cam c nh h ng n sn lng cam khng? a = 0,05
4) 4 chuyn gia ti chnh c yu cu d on v tc tng trng (%) trong nm ti ca 5
cng ty trong ngnh nha. D on c ghi nhn nh sau:
Chuyn gia
Cng ty
A
B
C
D
1
8
12
8,5
13
2
14
10
9
11
3
11
9
12
10
4
9
13
10
13
5
12
10
10
10
Hy lp bng ANOVA. C th ni rng d on tc tng trng trung bnh l nh nhau
cho c 5 cng ty nha c khng?
3. Phn tch phng sai 2 nhn t c lp
Tng t nh bi ton phn tch phng sai 2 nhn t khng lp, ch khc mi mc ((ai , bj)
u c s lp li r ln th nghim v ta cn kho st thm s tng tc (interaction term) FAB
gia 2 nhn t A v B.
* Mu iu tra:
B

A
a1

a2
:
:
an

b1

b2

x111
x112
:
:
x11r
x211
x212
:
:
x21r
:
:
xn11
xn12
:
:
xn1r

x121
x122
:
:
x12r
x221
x222
:
:
x22r
:
:
xn21
xn22
:
:
xn2r

bm
x1m1
x1m2
:
:
x1mr
x2m1
x2m2
:
:
x2mr
:
:
xnm1
xnm2
:
:
xnmr

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

25

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)

* X l mu: Tnh tng hng Ti** =

xijk

, tng ct

T*j* =

A
a1

a2
:
:
an

T*j*

b1

b2

x111
x112
:
:
x11r
x211
x212
:
:
x21r
:
:
xn11
xn12
:
:
xn1r

x121
x122
:
:
x12r
x221
x222
:
:
x22r
:
:
xn21
xn22
:
:
xn2r

T*1*=

xi1k

T*2*=

i,k

Cn tnh:

xijk2

bm

xi 2 k

T*m*=

T1**=

x1 jk
j ,k

T2**=

x2 jk
j ,k

Tn**=

xnjk
j ,k

ximk

T=

i,k

T*2j*

xijk
i , j ,k

Tij2*

Ti**

x1m1
x1m2
:
:
x1mr
x2m1
x2m2
:
:
x2mr
:
:
xnm1
xnm2
:
:
xnmr

i,k

Ti*2*

i , j ,k

xijk
i,k

j ,k

i, j

Suy ra
SST =

T2

( xijk - x ) 2 = xijk2 - nmr

i , j ,k

i , j ,k

SSA = mr

( xi** - x ) 2 =

Ti*2*
i

mr

SSB = nr

( x* j* - x )
j

SSAB = r

T*2j*
2

nr

T2
nmr

T2
nmr

( xij* - xi** - x* j* + x ) 2 =

Tij2* T*2j* Ti*2*

i, j
j
r

j ,i

SSE = SST SSA SSB SSAB =

nr

2
xijk

mr

T2
nmr

xij2*

i, j

i , j ,k

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

26

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)

* Bng ANOVA
Ngun

SS

df

MS

Yu t A

SSA

n-1

SSA
MSA =
n -1

Yu t B

SSB

m-1

MSB =

SSAB

(n-1)(m-1)

Sai s

SSE

nm(r-1)

Tng

SST

nmr-1

Tng tc AB

SSB
m -1

MSAB =
MSE =

MSA
FA =
MSE
FB =

SSAB
(n - 1)(m - 1)

MSB
MSE

FAB =

MSAB
MSE

SSE
nm(r - 1)

* Kt lun:

Nu FA > F n-1 ; nm(r-1) ; 1-a th bc b yu t A (h ng)

Nu FB > F m-1 ; nm(r-1) ; 1-a th bc b yu t B (ct)
Nu FAB > F (n-1)(m-1) ; nm(r-1) ; 1-a th c s tng tc gia A v B

V d: Hm lng saponin (mg) ca cng mt loi dc liu c thu hi trong 2 ma (kh v

ma: trong mi ma ly mu 3 ln - u ma, gia ma, cui ma) v t 3 min (Nam,
Trung, Bc) thu c kt qu sau:
Ma

Kh
Ma

Min

Thi im

u ma
Gia ma
Cui ma
u ma
Gia ma
Cui ma

Nam

Trung

Bc

2,4
2,4
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,6

2,1
2,2
2,2
2,2
2,3
2,3

3,2
3,2
3,4
3,4
3,5
3,5

Hy cho bit hm lng saponin c khc nhau theo ma hay min khng? Nu c th 2 yu
t ma v min c s tng tc vi nhau hay khng? a = 0,05

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

27

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)

Dng EXCEL
* Chn Tools\Data Analysis\Anova: Two Factor With Replication
* Chn cc mc nh trong hnh

* Bng ANOVA
SUMMARY

Nam

Trung

Bac

Total

Count
Sum
Average
Variance

3
7.3
2.433333
0.003333

3
6.5
2.166667
0.003333

3
9.8
3.266667
0.013333

9
23.6
2.622222222
0.251944444

Count
Sum
Average
Variance

3
7.6
2.533333
0.003333

3
6.8
2.266667
0.003333

3
10.4
3.466667
0.003333

9
24.8
2.755555556
0.300277778

Count
Sum
Average
Variance

6
14.9
2.483333
0.005667

6
13.3
2.216667
0.005667

6
20.2
3.366667
0.018667

ANOVA
Source of Variation
Sample
Columns
Interaction
Within

SS
0.08
4.347778
0.01
0.06

df

MS
0.08
2.173889
0.005
0.005

Total

1
2
2
12

F
16
434.7777778
1

P-value
0.001761696
6.36194E-12
0.396569457

F crit
4.747221283
3.885290312
3.885290312

Total
4.497778
17
FA > F1; 12; 0,95 = 4,7472
: Hm lng saponin khc nhau theo ma.
FB > F2; 12 ; 0,95 = 3, 8853 : Hm lng saponin khc nhau theo min.
FAB < F2 ; 12 ; 0,95 = 3,8853
: chp nhn H0 ( khng tng tc)
Vy hm lng saponin trong dc liu khc nhau theo ma, theo min v khng c s tng tc
gia ma v min trn hm lng saponin.

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

28

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)

Bi tp
1) Mt nghin cu c thc hin nhm xem xt s lin h gia loi phn bn, ging la v
nng sut. Nng sut la c ghi nhn t cc thc nghim sau:
Ging la
A
B
C
Loi phn bn
65
69
75
1
68
71
75
62
67
78
74
72
70
2
79
69
69
76
69
65
64
68
78
3
72
73
82
65
75
80
83
78
76
4
82
78
77
84
75
75
Hy cho bit s nh hng ca loi phn bn, ging la trn nng sut, a = 0,01
2) iu tra mc tng trng chiu cao ca 1 loi cy trng theo loi t trng v loi phn bn
c kt qu:
Loi t

Loi phn
A
B

5,5
5,5
6,0
5,6
7,0
7,0

4,5
4,5
4,0
5,0
5,5
5,0

3,5
4,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
4,5

Hi c s khc nhau ca mc tng trng chiu cao theo loi t v loi phn bn ?
a=0,05
3) Nghin cu sn lng bng (t/ha) theo mt trng A v phn bn B thu c:
Mt trng
a1

a2

a3

Phn bn
b1
16
14
21
16
17
15
17
19
18
18
19
17

b2
19
20
23
19
19
18
18
20
20
23
21
21

b3
19
21
22
20
21
21
22
23
22
18
21
21

b4
20
24
21
17
20
20
22
19
25
22
21
23

Hi c s khc nhau ca sn lng bng theo mt trng, theo phn bn vi mc a=0,05

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

29

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)

V. TNG QUAN - HI QUY

1) Tng quan (Correlation)

R=

xi y i - xi y i
[n xi2 - ( xi ) 2 ][n yi2 - ( yi ) 2 ]

H s tng quan

Nu R >0 th X, Y tng quan thun

Nu R <0 th X, Y tng quan nghch

Nu
Nu
Nu
Nu

R=0 th X , Y khng tng quan

R=1 th X,Y c quan h hm s bc nht.
R 1 th X, Y c tng quan cht (tng quan mnh)
R 0 th X, Y c tng quan khng cht (tng quan yu)

V d: Kho st mi quan h gia nhit trung bnh vi doanh s bn kem theo bng thng
k sau:
Thng
Nhit trung bnh
Doanh s bn kem
Doanh s bn u
4
22
1250
3254
5
27
3297
3072
6
30
5576
3348
7
34
8109
3118
8
38
9645
3211
9
32
7726
3276
10
25
2958
3081
Nhp v x l d liu: chn menu Tools/Data Analysis/Correlation

Kt qu

Column 1
Column 2
Column 3

Column 1
1
0.985572
0.127653

Column 2

Column 3

1
0.184818

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

30

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)

V R12=0,9856 chng t gia nhit (Column 1) v doanh s bn kem (Column 2) c mi

quan h rt cht ch vi nhau v c tng quan thun.
2) Hi quy (Regression)
a) Hi quy n tuyn tnh

y x = a + bx

,a=r

Sy

, b = y - ax

Phng trnh hi quy tuyn tnh:

Kim nh h s a,b
* Gi thit H0: H s hi quy khng c ngha (= 0 )
H1: H s hi quy c ngha ( 0 )
* Trc nghim t < ta,n-2 : chp nhn H0

Kim nh phng trnh hi quy

* Gi thit H0:Phng trnh hi quy tuyn tnh khng thch hp
H1: Phng trnh hi quy tuyn tnh thch hp
* Trc nghim F < Fa,1,n-2 : chp nhn H0

Sx

V d: S liu v doanh s bn hng (Y) v chi ph cho hng (X) ca mt s cng ty, c kt
qu sau:
X (triu/nm) 12 10
11
8
15
14
17 16 20
18
Y (t /nm)
2
1,8 1,8 1,5 2,2 2,6
3
3
3,5
3
Xc nh phng trnh hi quy tuyn tnh

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

31

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)

SUMMARY OUTPUT
Regression Statistics
Multiple R

0.963150954

R Square

0.927659761

Adjusted R Square

0.918617231

Standard Error

0.191227589

Observations

10

ANOVA
df

SS

MS

F
102.5885

Regression

3.751456073

3.751456

Residual

0.292543927

0.036568

Total

4.044

Coefficients

Standard Error

t Stat

P-value

Significance F
7.71522E-06

Lower 95%

Intercept

0.053017571

0.243302295

0.217908

0.832956

-0.50803889

0.169289534

0.016714013

10.1286

7.72E-06

0.130746927

y x = 0,053 + 0,1693x

H s hi quy: 0.832956 > 0,05 : h s t do c ngha.

7.72E-06 < 0,05 : h s ca x khng c ngha.
Phng trnh hi quy tuyn tnh ny khng thch hp v 7.71522E-06 < 0,05.

b) Hi quy a tuyn tnh

y x = b0 + b1 x1 + ... + bn x n

Phng trnh hi quy a tuyn tnh:

Kim nh h s bj
* Gi thit H0: Cc h s hi quy khng c ngha (bj= 0 )
H1: C t nht vi h s hi quy c ngha (bj 0 )
* Trc nghim t < ta,n-2 : chp nhn H0

Kim nh phng trnh hi quy

* Gi thit H0:Phng trnh hi quy khng thch hp
H1: Phng trnh hi quy thch hp vi t nht vi bj
* Trc nghim F < Fa,1,n-2 : chp nhn H0

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

32

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)

V d: Ngi ta dng ba mc nhit gm 105 , 120 v 135 0C kt hp vi ba khong

thi gian l 15 , 30 v 60 pht thc hin mt phn ng tng hp. cc hiu sut
ca phn ng (%)c trnh by trong bng sau y:
Thi gian (ph)
Nhit (0C)
Hiu sut (%)
X1
X2
Y
15
105
1,87
30
105
2,02
60
105
3,28
15
120
3,05
30
120
4,07
60
120
5,54
15
135
5,03
30
135
6,45
60
135
7,26
Hy cho bit yu t nhit v hoc yu t thi gian c lin quan tuyn tnh vi hiu sut
ca phn ng tng hp? Nu c th iu kin nhit 115 0C trong 50 pht th hiu sut
phn ng s l bao nhiu?
Nhp d liu:

Y X 1 = b0 + b1 X 1

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

33

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)

SUMMARY OUTPUT
Regression Statistics
Multiple R

0.462512069

R Square

0.213917414

Adjusted R Square

0.101619901

Standard Error

1.811191587

Observations

ANOVA
df

SS

MS

Significance F

1.904917

0.209994918

t Stat

P-value

Lower 95%

Regression

6.24891746

6.248917

Residual

22.96290476

3.280415

Total

29.21182222

Coefficients

Standard Error

Intercept

2.726666667

1.280705853

2.129034

0.070771

-0.301719287

X1

0.044539683

0.032270754

1.380187

0.209995

-0.031768471

Phng trnh hi quy:

Y X 1 = 2,7267 + 0,04454 X 1 khng thch hp v 0.209994918 > 0,05

Ngha l : Hiu sut Y khng c lin quan tuyn tnh vi yu t thi gian X1

Y X 2 = b0 + b2 X 2

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

34

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)

SUMMARY OUTPUT
Regression Statistics
Multiple R
R Square
Adjusted R Square
Standard Error

0.873933544
0.76375984
0.730011246
0.99290379

Observations

ANOVA
df

SS

MS

Significance F

22.63086

0.002066188

t Stat

P-value

Lower 95%

Regression

22.31081667

22.31082

Residual

6.901005556

0.985858

Total

29.21182222

Coefficients
Intercept
X2
Phng trnh hi quy:

Standard Error

-11.14111111

3.25965608

-3.41788

0.011168

-18.84896742

0.128555556

0.027023418

4.757191

0.002066

0.064655371

Y X 1 = -11,1411 + 0,1286 X 1 ny thch hp v 0.002066188 < 0,05

Ngha l: Hiu sut Y c lin quan tuyn tnh vi yu t nhit X2.

Y X 1, X 2 = b0 + b1 X 1 + b2 X 2

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

35

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)

SUMMARY OUTPUT
Regression Statistics
Multiple R

0.988776

R Square

0.977677

Adjusted R Square

0.970236

Standard Error

0.329669

Observations

ANOVA
df

SS

MS

F
131.3921

Regression

28.55973413

14.27987

Residual

0.652088095

0.108681

Total

29.21182222

Coefficients

Standard Error

-12.7

X1
X2

Intercept

Phng trnh hi quy:

Significance F
1.11235E-05

t Stat

P-value

Lower 95%

1.101638961

-11.5283

2.56E-05

-15.3956154

0.04454

0.005873842

7.582718

0.000274

0.030166899

0.128556

0.008972441

14.32782

7.23E-06

0.106600767

Y X 1, X 2 = -12,7 + 0,04454 X 1 + 0,1286 X 2 ny thch hp

v 1.11235E-05 < 0,05

Ngha l:Hiu sut Y c lin quan tuyn tnh vi thi gian X1 v nhit X2.
khi X1=50 , X2=115 ta d on:
Intercept

D oan hiu sut Y:

4.31094

-12.7

X1

0.04454

X2

0.128556

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

36

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)

Bi tp
1. Cho Y l nhu cu tht b (n v 100 tn) ca 12 thng lin tip (X) trong mt khu dn c :
X: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
Y: 15, 18, 18, 16, 14, 18, 20, 21, 19, 20, 24, 26.
Hy c lng hm hi quy tuyn tnh n, d bo nhu cu tht b cho 3 thng tip theo.
p s : y = 0.793706 x + 13.92424.

2. Trong 10 thng lin tip lng hng bn ra ca mt cng ty rt thp, sau cng ty tung ra th
trng mt sn phm mi v nhn thy lng hng bn ra tng theo hm m. S n v hng
bn ra (Y) trong 6 thng tip theo (X) cho trong bng sau:

Hy c lng hm hi quy m v d bo lng hng bn ra trong cc thng 17, 18, 19, 20

(dng hm Growth).
p s : y = 495.3048 +1.463276x .
3. Tnh hm hi quy tuyn tnh bi vi s liu cho trong bng dui

trong Y l thu nhp quc dn, X1 l sn lng in, X2 l sn lng than, X3 l sn lng
lng thc, X4 l sn lng thp. Dng hai phng php: dng hm Linest v lnh Tools / Data
Analysis. D bo Y vi X = (5.2, 65.1, 275.3, 37.8).
p s: d bo Y =751.79289.

4. Bng bn cho s liu v doanh thu (Y), chi ph cho qung co (X1), tin lng ca nhn vin tip
th (X2) ca 12 cng ty t nhn, n v l 1 triu ng. Xy dng hm hi quy tuyn tnh bi Y
ph thuc vo X1, X2.

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

37

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)

 c lng hm hi quy ta dng hm mng Linest nh sau: nh du khi vng B19: D23,
nhp cng thc =LINEST(A2 : A13, B2 : C13, True, True), n Ctrl + Shift +Enter, kt qu ta
c 12 s:

Tip theo, cho cc b gi tr mi x1, x2 trong khi B15 : C17, cn d bo cc gi tr y c

tnh theo (2) trong khi D15 :D17. Thao tc tnh: nh du khi vng D15:D17, nhp cng
thc = Trend(a2: a13,b2: c13, b15: c17, True), n Ctrl + Shift +Enter

5. Tnh hm hi quy ca y (sn lng nng nghip) ph thuc vo x (lng phn bn).

Cng thc trong D2 l = Slope(a2:a6, b2:b6), cng thc trong E2 l =Intercept(a2:a6,

b2:b6), cng thc trong E5 l =Forecast(d5, a2:a6, b2:b6) d bo y vi x = 1612.
y = mx + b
Do tt c cc hm v lnh trnh by vi hi quy tuyn tnh bi cng ng vi hi quy
tuyn tnh n. Song i vi hi quy tuyn tnh n c thm ba hm mi.
Hm Slope(known_y's, known_x's) c lng gi tr m ca phng trnh (3).
Hm Intercept(known_y's, known_x's) c lng gi tr b ca (3).
Hm Forecast( x, known_y's, known_x's ): d on y theo phng trnh (3) vi gi tr x
bit trc.

Gii ton XSTK bng EXCEL

38

(aTaDa HNL 10/10/2009)