Tit

37
Ngy son:
36610
Chng V:
HIROCACBON NO
PHOT
ANKAN
PHO
A.MC
TIU
1. Kin thc : S lin quan gia ng ng, ng phn ca ankan.
Tit
- S hnh thnh lin kt v cu trc khng gian ca ankan.
16
-

Gi tn cc ankan vi mch chnh khng qu 10 nguyn t C.

2. K nng : Vit cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to.
3. Thi :c thi hc tp ng n
B.PHNG PHP
C. CHUN B CA GIO VIN V HC SINH
1.Gio vin
GV: Bng gi tn 10 ankan khng phn nhnh u tin trong dy ng ng cc ankan.
M hnh phn t
propan, n butan, izobutan.
Bng 5.1 SGK.
Xng, m bi trn ng c.
2.Hc sinh
- n tp cc kin thc hc.
D. TIN TRNH LN LP
I. n nh lp
II. kim tra bi c HS ln bng lm bi tp s 3 v 6 trang 124 SGK.
III. Bi mi
1. t vn
2. Trin khai bi
Hot ng 1: I. ng ng, ng phn, danh php:
Cch thc hot ng ca thy v tr
Ni dung kin thc
I. ng ng, ng phn, danh php:
GV cho HS quan st m hnh cc phn t 1. ng ng:
ankan v yu cu HS cho bit CTPT ca cc Dy ng ng metan ( ankan):CH4, C2H6, C3H8, C4H10
ankan ri rt ra CTTQ.
CnH2n+2 ( n 1)
2. ng phn:
- GV cho HS quan st 2 phn t ri rt ra A. ng phn mch cacbon:
nhn xt v trt t lin kt trong 2 phn t T C4H10 c hin tng ng phn mch C ( thng v
ny.
nhnh).
V d: C4H10 c hai ng phn.
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 CH3-CH-CH3
CH3
C5H10 c 3 ng phn:
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH-CH-CH2-CH3

CH3
CH3-C-CH3

CH3
A. Bc C ( trong ankan) = s nt C lk vi nt C :
B.
CH3
I
IV III II I
CH3 C - CH3-CH2-CH3
CH3 CH3
3. Danh php:
A. Ankan khng phn nhnh:
Cho HS nhn xt v s lng nguyn t C Tn ankan mch thng=Tn mch C chnh +
lin kt trc tip vi mi nguyn t C ri t an
rt ra nh ngha bc C.
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
Butan
Pentan

Ankan(CnH2n+2) 1H = nhm ankyl

( CnH2n+1-)
Tn nhm ankyl = Tn mch C chnh + yl
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2Pentyl
Butyl
B. Ankan phn nhnh: Gi theo danh php thay th:
- Chn mch C chnh ( di v nhiu nhnh nht).
- nh s mch C chnh t pha gn nhnh nh i.
- Tn = V tr + tn nhnh + Tn mch C chnh + an.
CH3
1
2 3
4
1 2 3
CH3-CH-CH2-CH3 CH3-C-CH3
CH3
CH3
2-metylbutan
1,2- imetyl propan
1
2 3 4
5
CH3-CH-CH-CH2-CH3
CH3 CH2
CH3
3-etyl-2-metyl-pentan
Hot ng 2 I. Tnh cht vt l:
GV ly 2 v d v cch c tn ca :
Butan pentan
GV yu cu HS tng qut ho cch c tn
ca cc ankan khc v cc gc to ra t ankan
tng ng bng cch in vo phiu hc tp.
GV nu quy tc IUPAC v ly v d phn tch
cho HS hiu c quy tc ny.

II. Tnh cht vt l:

1. Nhit nng chy, nhit si v khi lng ring:
- T C1 C4 : Kh, C5 C18: Lng, C19 tr i: Rn.
- M tng tnc, ts, d tng, ankan nh hn nc.
2. Tnh tan v mu sc: Khng tan trong nc ( k nc),
l dung mi khng phn cc. Khng mu.

IV .Cng c C3H8, C4H10

ng phn Danh php:
V .Dn d ,hng dn hc sinh hc tp nh
.
E. RT KINH NGHIM TIT
DY ...............................................................................................................................................................................
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Tit
38
Ngy son:
36610
PHOT
PHO
A.MC
TIU
1.
TitKin thc :
16. Tnh cht ho hc:

Chng V:
HIROCACBON NO
ANKAN

iu ch v ng dng:
2. K nng : Vit cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to.
3. Thi :c thi hc tp ng n
B.PHNG PHP
C. CHUN B CA GIO VIN V HC SINH
1.Gio vin
GV: Bng gi tn 10 ankan khng phn nhnh u tin trong dy ng ng cc ankan.
propan, n butan, izobutan.
Bng 5.1 SGK.
Xng, m bi trn ng c.
2.Hc sinh
- n tp cc kin thc hc.
D. TIN TRNH LN LP
I. n nh lp
II. kim tra bi c
III. Bi mi
1. t vn
2. Trin khai bi
Hot ng 1 ; III. Tnh cht ho hc
Cch thc hot ng ca thy v tr
Ni dung kin thc
- HS nhc li c im cu to phn t cc ankan.
- T c dim cu to GV kt lun: Pt ankan
ch cha cc l/k C-C, C-H. l cc l/k bn
vng, v th cc ankan tng i tr v mt ho
hc: Ankan c kh nng tham gia p/ th, p/
tch, p/ oxi ho.
- HS vit phn ng th ca CH4 vi Cl2 hc lp
9.
- GV lu HS: Tu thuc vo t l s mol CH 4 v
Cl2 m sn phm sinh ra khc nhau.
- Tng t GV cho HS ln vit phn ng th clo
( 1:1) vi C2H6 v C3H8.
- GV thng bo % t l cc sn phm th ca C 3H8
v kt lun: P/ clo ho t c tnh chn lc: Clo c
th th H cacbon cc bc khc nhau. Cn p/
brm ho th c t/c chn lc cao hn: Brm hu
nh ch th cho H cacbon bc cao hn. Flo phn
ng mnh lit nn phn hu ankan thnh C v HF.
It qu yu nn khng p/ vi ankan.

M hnh phn t

III. Tnh cht ho hc:

Ankan ch cha cc lin kt C-C, C-H. l cc l/k
bn vng tgn i tr v mt ho hc: Ch c kh
nng tham gia p/ th, p/ tch, p/ oxi ho.
1. Phn ng th bi halogen:
V d 1:
as
CH4 + Cl2
CH3Cl + HCl
as
CH3Cl + Cl2 CH2Cl2 + HCl
as
CH2Cl2 + Cl2
CHCl3 + HCl
as
CHCl3 + Cl2 CCl4 + HCl
V d 2:
1:1)
CH3-CH3 + Cl2 as
(
CH3-CH2Cl + HCl
V d 3:
CH3-CHClCH3-CH2-CH3 + Cl2 as
2 clopropan
CH3-CH21 - clopropan
Cc p/ trn gi l p/ halogen ho, sn phm gi l
dn xut halogen.
C ch:
Bc khi mo:

as
Cl-Cl
Cl + Cl
- GV trnh by phn c ch p ca CH4.
- HS p dng vit c ch p etan vi clo.
Bc pht trin dy chuyn:

CH3-H + Cl
CH3Cl + HC

CH3 + Cl-Cl
CH3Cl + Cl
- GV vit 2 ptp: Tch H v b gy mch C ca

CH3-H + Cl
..
propan.
Bc t dy chuyn:
- HS n/x: Di tc dng ca t0, xt cc ankan khng

+ Cl
Cl-Cl
nhng b tch H m cn b b gy cc lk C-C to Cl

CH3 + Cl
CH3Cl
ra cc pt nh hn.

- GV cho HS vit p/ tch H v b gy mch C

ca C4H8 khi un nng c xt.
- GV y/c HS vit ptp t chy CH4 v ptp tng
qut t chy ankan. Nhn xt t l s mol H2O v
CO2 sinh ra sau p.
- GV lu HS:
+ P/ to nhit Lm nguyn liu.
+ Khng O2 p/ chy khng hon ton to ra
C, CO
+ C xc tc, ankan s b oxi ho khng hon ton
to thnh dn xut cha oxi:
xt,t o
CH4 + O2
HCH=O + H2O

CH3 + CH3
CH3-CH3
2. Phn ng tch:
o
C , xt
CH3-CH3 500

CH2-CH2 + H2
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3

CH3-CH=CH-CH3 + H2

5000C, xt

CH -CH=CH + CH

4
4
3. Phn ng oxi ho: 3
- P/ chy ( p/ oxi CH
ho=CH
hon+ ton).
CH3-CH3
2
2
CH4 + O2
CO2 + 2H2O
3n + 1
O2
nCO2
CnH2n+2 +
2
+ ( n + 1) H2O
- P/ oxi ho khng hon ton ( khi c xt) -> Dn xut
cha oxi:
xt,t o
CH4 + O2
HCH=O + H2O

Hot ng 2 III. iu ch v ng dng

GV gii thiu phng php iu ch ankan trong III. iu ch v ng dng:
CN v lm th nghim iu ch CH4 trong PTN.
1. iu ch:
A. Trong CN: Tch t kh du m.
B. Trong PTN: iu ch CH4
CH3COONar + NaOHr
nung
- HS nghin cu s trong SGK rt ra nhng CaO,

CH4 + Na2CO3
ng dng c bn ca ankan.
Al4C3 + 12H2O 3CH4 + 4Al(OH)3
- HS tm nhng ng dng c lin quan n tnh 2. ng dng:
cht ho hc
- Lm nhin liu, vt liu.
- Lm nguyn liu.
IV .Cng c
V .Dn d ,hng dn hc sinh hc tp nh Lm BT trong SGK
E. RT KINH NGHIM TIT
DY ...............................................................................................................................................................................
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Tit
39
Ngy son:
36610
LUYN TP
PHOT
PHO
A.MC
TIU
1. Kin
thc
Tit
2. K
16nng :Rn luyn k nng lm bi tp Vit phng trnh phn ng

3. Thi :c thi hc tp ng n
B.PHNG PHP
C. CHUN B CA GIO VIN V HC SINH
1.Gio vin
2.Hc sinh
- n tp cc kin thc hc.
D. TIN TRNH LN LP
I. n nh lp
II. kim tra bi c Trnh by tnh cht ho hc ca ankan?
III. Bi mi
1. t vn
2. Trin khai bi
Hot ng 1: I. Cu to
IV .Cng c
V .Dn d ,hng dn hc sinh hc tp nh
Lm bi tp v
E. RT KINH NGHIM TIT
DY ...............................................................................................................................................................................
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Tit
40
Ngy son:
36610
LUYN TP
PHOT
CCH GI TN, TNH CHT CA HIROCACBON NO
PHO
A.MC
TIU
1. Kin
thc
Tit
- S 16
tng t v s khc bit v t/c vt l, t/c ho hc v ng dng gia ankan vi xicloankan.

-Cu trc, danh php ankan v xicloankan

2. K nng : Rn luyn k nng nhn xt, so snh 2 loi ankan v xicloankan.
- K nng vit phng trnh phn ng minh ho tnh cht ca ankan v xicloankan
3. Thi :c thi hc tp ng n
B.PHNG PHP
- .
C. CHUN B CA GIO VIN V HC SINH
1.Gio vin Bng ph
2.Hc sinh
- n tp cc kin thc hc.
D. TIN TRNH LN LP
I. n nh lp
II. kim tra bi c
III. Bi mi
1. t vn
2. Trin khai bi
. Hot ng 1: . Kin thc cn nh
cch thc hot ng ca thy v tr
ni dung kin thc
Ankan
Xicloankan
HS in cng thc tng qut v nhn xt v cu CTTQ CnH2n+2; n 1
CmH2m; m 3
trc ankan v xicloankan.
Cu trc
Mch h ch c Mch vng, ch c l/kt
l/k n C-C.
n C-C.
Mch cacbon to Tr xiclopropan ( mch
thnh ng gp C phng), cc nt C
khc.
trong pt xicloankan o
cng nm tren mt mt
phng
Danh
Tn gi c ui Tn gi c ui -an v
php
-an
tip u ng xiclo.
Tnh cht C1-C4: Th kh
C3-C4: Th kh
0
0
vt l
t nc, t s, khi t0nc, t0s, khi lng
lng ring tng ring tng theo pt
theo phn t khi, nh hn nc,
khi, nh hn khng tan trong nc
HS in c im danh php v qui lut v tnh
nc, khng tan
cht vt l ca ankan v xicloankan.
trong nc.
Tnh cht Phn ng th.
Phn ng th.
ho hc
Phn ng tch.
Phn ng tch.
Phn ng oxi Phn ng oxi ho.
ho.
Xiclopropan,
KL: iu kin xiclobutan c p/ cng
thng
ankan m vng vi H2.
tng i tr.
Xiclopropan c p/
cng m vng vi Br2.
Xiclopropan,
xiclobutan km bn.
HS in tnh cht ho hc v ly v d minh ho iu ch T du m.
T du m.
bng cch lm bi tp 4 SGK.
v
ng Lm nhin liu, Lm nhin liu, nguyn
dng
nguyn liu.
liu

HS nu cc ng dng quan trng ca ankan v

xicloankan.
Qua cc hot ng HS c bng nh sau:
IV .Cng c
V .Dn d ,hng dn hc sinh hc tp nh
Chun b bi tp phn n tp chng
C. RT KINH NGHIM TIT
DY ........................................................................................................................................................................
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Ngy son:

Tit
41

BI THC HNH S 3
PHN TCH NH TNH, IU CH V
TNH CHT CA METAN

A.MC TIU
1. Kin thc : Xc nh s c mt ca C, H v halogen trong hp cht hu c.
- Bit phng php iu ch v nhn bit v mt s tnh cht ho hc ca metan.
2. K nng : Tip tc tp luyn k nng thc hnh th nghim vi lng nh ho cht, quan st, nhn xt v
gii thch cc hin tng xy ra
3. Thi :c thi hc tp ng n
B.PHNG PHP
C. CHUN B CA GIO VIN V HC SINH
Gio vin
1. Dng c th nghim:
- ng nghim.
- n cn, dim. - Nt cao su 1 l y va ming ng nghim.
- ng ht nh git. - ng dn kh hnh ch L.
- Cc thu tinh 100-200 ml
- B gi th nghim thc hnh. - Kp ho cht. - Gi ng nghim 2 tng.
2. Ho cht:
- ng knh. - CHCl3 hoc CCl4 - CuO - CH3COONa c nghin nh.
- Bt CuSO4 khan. - Vi ti.
- Dung dch KMnO4 1% - Dung dch nc brm.
- Dung dch nc vi trong. - Nm bng.
2.Hc sinh
D. TIN TRNH LN LP
I. n nh lp
II. kim tra bi c
III. Bi mi
1. t vn
2. Trin khai bi
hot ng 1 :Th nghim
cch thc hot ng ca thy v tr
ni dung kin thc
Gio vin gii thiu mc ch yu cu th Th nghim 1: Xc nh s c mt ca C, H trong hp
nghim.
cht hu c.
Hng dn cch tin hnh th nghim.
A. Chun b v tin hnh th nghim:
Ch yu cu an ton, chnh xc. Ho cht ly
B. Quan st hin tng xy ra v gii thch.
vi lng nh, dng.
Tin trnh th nghim (SGK).
Thn trng trong cc th nghim
Th nghim 2: Nhn bit halogen trong hp cht hu c.
A. Chun b v tin hnh th nghim:
B. Quan st hin tng xy ra v gii thch.
Tin trnh th nghim (SGK).
Th nghim 3: iu ch v th mt vi tnh cht ca
metan.
A. Chun b v tin hnh th nghim:
B. Quan st hin tng xy ra v gii thch.
Tin trnh th nghim (SGK
hot ng 2 IV. Vit tng trnh:
Vit tng trnh.
V sinh phng th nghim.
Gio vin nhn xt bui thc hnh
TT th nghim
I
II
III

Dng c v ho
cht cn dng

IV. Vit tng trnh:

Cch tin hnh

Nu hin tng

Vit phng trnh

phn ng gii thch
nu c.

IV .Cng c
V .Dn d ,hng dn hc sinh hc tp nh
Chun b bi
D. RT KINH NGHIM TIT
DY ........................................................................................................................................................................
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