Th hai ngy 2 thng 1 nm 2012

CHNG 5: HIROCACBON NO

Tit th 37:

ANKAN (tit 1)

Kin thc c c lin quan

- nh ngha hirocacbon, hirocacbon
ntron, ng ng, ng phn
- Cc loi lin kt trong phn t HCHC
- Cch xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT

Kin thc mi trong bi cn hnh thnh

- CTTQ ca ankan v c im cu to ca
chng
- Dy ng ng ca ankan, ng phn
- Cch gi tn

I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc:
Bit c :
nh ngha hirocacbon, hirocacbon no v c im cu to phn t ca chng.
Cng thc chung, ng phn mch cacbon, c im cu to phn t v danh php.
Tnh cht vt l chung (quy lut bin i v trng thi, nhit nng chy, nhit si, khi lng
ring, tnh tan).
2.K nng:
Quan st m hnh phn t rt ra c nhn xt v cu trc phn t.
Vit c cng thc cu to, gi tn mt s ankan ng phn mch thng, mch nhnh.
Xc nh cng thc phn t, vit cng thc cu to v gi tn.
3.Thi : Kch thch s hng th vi b mn, pht huy kh nng t duy ca hc sinh

II TRNG TM:
c im cu trc phn t ca ankan, ng phn ca ankan v tn gi tng ng.
III.PHNG PHP GING DY: Din ging - pht vn - kt nhm

IV. CHUN B GIO C:

*Gio vin: M hnh phn t C4H10
*Hc sinh: Chun b bi mi

V. TIN TRNH BI DY:

1.n nh lp: Kim tra s s, ng phc...
2.Kim tra bi c: Khng
3.Bi mi:
a. t vn : Hirocacbon l g? Th no l hirocacbon no? Hm nay chng ta s nghin cu v
hirocacbon no l ankan
b. Trin khai bi

HOT NG THY V TR

NI DUNG KIN THC

Hot ng 1:ng ng
Mc tiu: Bit CTTQ, dy ng ng ca ankan
Gv: yu cu hs nhc li khi nim ca ng ng.
I.ng ng,ng phn,danh php:
Hs: nu khi nim v ng ng.
1.Dy ng ng mtan:
Gv: nu ra h thng cu hi.
-CH4 , C2H6 , C3H8
-Dy ng ng ca CH4 l ankan. Hy lp CT cc - CTTQ: C H
n 2n+2 (n 1)
cht ng ng tip theo?
-Rt ra CTTQ ca dy ng ng ankan v cho bit
ch s n c gi tr nh th no?
Hs: Tr li
Gv: Cho hs quan st m hnh phn t C4H10, yu cu
hs cho bit loi lin kt trong phn t ankan v gc
lin kt trong phn t bng bao nhiu ? Cc nguyn
t C trong phn t ankan c nm trn 1 ng thng
khng?.
Hs: Tr li

Hot ng 2: ng phn
Mc tiu: Rn luyn k nng vit CTCT
Gv: t cu hi: vi 3 cht u dy.
2.ng phn:
- Hy vit CTCT ca CH4, C2H6, C3H8.
T C4H10 tr i c ng phn mch C.
- Cc cht ny c 1 hay nhiu CTCT?
Vd:Vit cc ng phn ca C5H12:
Hs: Tr li
Gv: yu cu hs vit cc CTCT ca C4H10, C5H12 CH3 - CH2 - CH2 CH2 CH3 pentan
Hs: Tho lun cp i, 2 hs ln bng trnh by CH3 CH - CH2 - CH3
|
2-metylbutan
Nhn xt b sung: Cc cht cn li trong
CH3
( isopentan)
dy ng ng ankan c cc ng phn mch
CH
3
cacbon: Thng v phn nhnh
|
H3C C CH3
2,2-dimetylpropan
|
( neopentan)
CH3
Hot ng 3: Danh php
Mc tiu: Bit cch gi tn ankan, rn luyn k nng gi tn
Gv: gii thiu bng 5.1sgk/111
3.Danh php:
Hs: Rt ra nhn xt v c im trong * Ankan khng phn nhnh : Bng 5.1
tn gi ca ankan v gc ankyl.
- Ankan 1H = nhm ankyl (CnH2n+1-)
Gv: Nu quy tc IUPAC v ly v d - Tn nhm ankyl= tn ankan - an + yl
phn tch cho hs hiu c quy tc * Ankan phn nhnh : Gi theo danh php thay th.
ny.
- Chn mch C chnh ( Di nht v nhiu nhnh nht )
Hs: Gi tn cc ng phn ca phn 2 - nh s th t mch C chnh pha gn nhnh hn
(sao cho tng ch s nhnh l nh nht)
- Tn = ch s nhnh - tn nhnh + tn mch chnh
Lu : Nu c nhiu nhnh, gi theo th t m vn
Gv: Cho hs nhn xt v s lng Vd: 2,2 dimetylpentan
nguyn t C lin kt trc tip vi mi
CH3
nguyn t C ri rt ra nh ngha bc
|
C.
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
Hs: bc c (trong ankan) = s ngt c
|
linkt vi ngt c .
CH3
CH3
Vd: 3- etyl- 2-metylpentan
3 -Etyl - 2 -Metylpentan
CH3 CH
C2H5
I
II
III
II
I
CH
CH3 C CH CH2 CH3
CH3 C2H5
1
2
3
4
5
CH3 CH3
*Bc C: c tnh bng s lin kt ca n vi cc
nguyn t C khc
Hot ng 4: Tnh cht vt l
Mc tiu: Bit mt s tnh cht vt l ca ankan
GV: Da vo sgk, gv yu cu hs II.Tnh cht vt l:
thng k c cc c im sau ca
- C1C4: Kh
ankan: Trng thi, quy lut v s
- C5 C10: Lng
bin i nhit nng chy, nhit
- C18 tr ln: Rn
si, khi lng ring, tnh tan.
- Ankan nh hn nc, khng tan trong nc, tan
Hs: Nu t/c vt l.
trong dung mi hu c
GV: B sung
- Nhit nng chy, nhit si, khi lng
ring tng theo phn t khi
4. Cng c: Vit cc ng phn cu to ca C7H16 v gi tn?
5. Dn d:
- Hc bi, lm bi tp 2,5,6/116

- Chun b phn tip theo

Rt kinh nghim:
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Th hai ngy 2 thng 1 nm 2012

Tit th 38:
-

Kin thc c c lin quan

c im lin kt
Cch lp CTPT, vit CTCT

ANKAN (tit 2)
-

Kin thc mi trong bi cn hnh thnh

Tnh cht ho hc ca ankan
Phng php iu ch, ng dng ca ankan

I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc:
Bit c :
Tnh cht ho hc (phn ng th, phn ng chy, phn ng tch hiro, phn ng crckinh).
Phng php iu ch metan trong phng th nghim v khai thc cc ankan trong cng nghip.
ng dng ca ankan.
2.K nng:
Vit cc phng trnh ho hc biu din tnh cht ho hc ca ankan.
Xc nh cng thc phn t, vit cng thc cu to v gi tn.
Tnh thnh phn phn trm v th tch v khi lng ankan trong hn hp kh, tnh nhit lng ca
phn ng chy.
3.Thi : Pht huy tinh thn lm vic tp th, kh nng t duy ca hc sinh

II TRNG TM:

 Tnh cht ho hc ca ankan

Phng php iu ch metan trong phng th nghim
III.PHNG PHP GING DY: Din ging - pht vn - kt nhm

IV. CHUN B GIO C:

*Gio vin: C ch phn ng th ca ankan (o)
*Hc sinh: Hc bi c, chun b bi mi

V. TIN TRNH BI DY:

1.n nh lp: Kim tra s s, ng phc...
2.Kim tra bi c: (7 pht) Vit cc ng phn cu to ca C4H10, C5H12 v gi tn?
3.Bi mi:
a. t vn : Dn dt t bi c
b. Trin khai bi

HOT NG THY V TR

NI DUNG KIN THC

Hot ng 1:Phn ng th bi halogen

Mc tiu: Bit xc nh sn phm chnh, ph, gi tn sn phm

Gv: Yu cu hs c sgk v a ra nhn III.Tnh cht ha hc:
xt chung v c im cu to v tnh 1.Phn ng th bi halogen (Halogen ho):
cht ho hc ca ankan.
Vd1: Cho CH4 phn ng vi Cl2:
as
Hs: Trong phn t ankan ch cha cc CH4+ Cl2
+ HCl
CH3Cl
lin kt n C C, C H, l cc lin
Clometan (metyl clorua)
as
kt bn vng.
CH3Cl + Cl2
+ HCl
CH2Cl2
GV: V lk bn, do ankan kh tr v
diclometan (metylen clorua)
as
mt ha hc, ankan khng phn ng vi CH2Cl2+ Cl2
+ HCl
CHCl3
axit, kim, dd KMnO4 nhng c kh
triclometan (clorofom)
as
nng tham gia vo phn ng th, phn CHCl3+ Cl2
+ HCl
CCl4
ng tch, phn ng oxi ho.
tetraclometan
- Lu cho hs phn ng c trng ca
(cacbon tetraclorua)
ankan l phn ng th.
Gv: Yu cu hs nhc li khi nim phn
ng th v nu quy tc th thay th ln * Vd2 :
lt tng nguyn t H trong phn ng
CH3 - CH2 -CH2Cl + HCl
as
th ca CH4 vi Cl2.
CH3CH2CH3+Cl2 25 C
(1-clopropan:43%)
- Lu t l mol CH4 v Cl2 m sn phm
CH3-CHCl-CH3 +HCl
sinh ra khc nhau.
(2-clopropan: 57%)
- Trnh chiu c ch phn ng th
o

Hs: Tho lun nhm vit p/, gi tn sn

* Nhn xt: Nguyn t H lin kt vi nguyn t C
phm
Gv: Yu cu hs xc nh bc ca cc bc cao d b th hn nguyn t H lin kt vi C
nguyn t C trong pt CH3 CH2 CH3 bc thp hn.
v vit pthh .
- Rt ra nhn xt: Hng th chnh.
Hot ng 2: Phn ng tch
Mc tiu: Bit phn ng tch H2 v phn ng crckinh ca ankan
Gv: Vit 2 phn ng tch H2 v b gy 2.Phn ng tch:
mch C ca butan.
a.ehidro ha(tch H2)
xt
Hs: Nhn xt, vit phng trnh tng Vd: CH3-CH3 to,

CH2=CH2+H2
to,
Ni
qut
CH3-CH2-CH3
CH3 - CH2=CH2 + H2
o
to, Ni
Di tc dng ca t , xt cc ankan TQ: CnH2n+2
CnH2n + H2
khng nhng b tch H2 m cn b b b.Phn ng crackinh:
to
gy cc ln kt C C to ra cc phn t CH3-CH2-CH3
CH4 + CH2=CH2
to
nh hn.
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH4+CH2=CH-CH3
CH3-CH3 + CH2=CH2

crackinh
TQ: CnH2n+2
CmH2m+2 + CxH2x
Vi: n = m+x
m1; x 2 ; n 3
Hot ng 3: Phn ng oxi ho
Mc tiu: Vit c phn ng chy ca ankan, nhn xt t l s mol sn phm
Gv: a thng tin: gas l hn hp 3.Phn ng oxi ha:
3n + 2
ca nhiu HC no khc nhau, vic s
CnH2n+2 +
O2 nCO2 + (n+1)H2O
dng gas da vo phn ng chy
2
ca ankan
nH O > nCO
Yu cu hs vit phng trnh
nH O
2
phn ng chy tng qut ca ankan, 1 <
nCO
nhn xt mi lin h gia s mol
nankan = nH O nCO
ankan, CO2 v H2O?
to
Gv lu : P chy l p oxi ho Vd: CH4+O2
CO2+H2O
to
hon ton khi thiu O2 p chy ca C3H8 +5O2
3CO2 + 4H2O
ankan xy ra ko hon ton :sp chy
ngoi CO2, H2O cn c C, CO,
Hot ng 4: iu ch v ng dng
Mc tiu: Bit cch iu ch metan trong PTN, khai thc ankan trong CN, ng dng ca ankan
Gv: Vit phng trnh iu ch CH4 IV.iu ch:
bng cch nung nng CH3COONa vi 1.Trong phng th nghim: un nng natri axetat
CaO, NaOH; gii thiu phng php khan vi hn hp vi ti xt:
to
khai thc ankan trong cng nghip
CH3COONa+NaOH CaO,

CH4+Na2CO3
Gv: Cho hs nghin cu sgk, rt ra 2.Trong cng nghip: (SGK)
nhng ng dng c bn ca ankan.
V.ng dng: sgk
2

4. Cng c: Mt hn hp A gm 2 ankan l ng ng k tip nhau c khi lng 10,2 gam. t

chy hon ton hn hp A cn 36,8 gam oxi
a) Tnh khi lng CO2 v H2O to thnh?
b) Tm CTPT ca 2 ankan?
5. Dn d:
- Hc bi, lm bi tp 3,4,7/SGK
- n tp kin thc chun b luyn tp
Rt kinh nghim:
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Th hai ngy 2 thng 1 nm 2012

Tit th 39:

LUYN TP: ANKAN (tit 1)

I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc:
Cng c kin thc v ankan: c im cu to, ng ng, ng phn, danh php
2.K nng:
- Vit cng thc cu to
- Gi tn ankan
- Tnh thnh phn phn trm ankan
3.Thi : Pht huy kh nng t duy c lp ca hc sinh

II TRNG TM:
- Vit cng thc cu to
- Gi tn ankan
- Tnh thnh phn phn trm ankan

III.PHNG PHP GING DY: Pht vn lm vic c nhn

IV. CHUN B GIO C:
*Gio vin: Phiu hc tp
*Hc sinh: n bi c

V. TIN TRNH BI DY:

1.n nh lp: Kim tra s s, ng phc...
2.Kim tra bi c: (8 pht)
Hon thnh dy chuyn ho sau:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
CH 3COONa
CH4
CH3 Cl
CH2 Cl2
CHCl3
CCl4

3.Bi mi:
a. t vn : Chng ta tm hiu v c im, ng ng, ng phn, danh php, tnh cht ho
hc ca ankan; By gi s vn dng vo bi tp
b. Trin khai bi

HOT NG THY V TR

NI DUNG KIN THC

Hot ng 1: Kin thc cn nm vng

Mc tiu: Cng c kin thc v ankan

Gv: Pht vn mt s vn v ankan:
I. Kin thc cn nm vng:
- c im cu to, ng ng, ng phn
(SGK)
- Cch gi tn
- Tnh cht ho hc
- iu ch
Hot ng 2: Vn dng
Mc tiu: Rn luyn k nng vit CTCT, gi tn ankan, vit PTHH ca ankan
Gv: Chia lp thnh 10 nhm; Pht II. Vn dng:

phiu hc tp cho hc sinh:

- BT1: Nhm 1 v 10
- BT2: Nhm 2 v 9
- BT3: Nhm 3 v 8
- BT4: Nhm 4 v 7
- BT5: Nhm 5 v 6
BT1: Vit phng trnh phn ng
ca butan
a) Tc dng vi clo theo t l 1:1
b) Tch 1 phn t H2
c) Crckinh
BT2: Gi tn cc cht sau:
a) CH3-C(CH3)2-CH2-CH3
b)CH3-CHBr-(CH2)2-CH(C2H5)CH2-CH3
BT3: Vit CTCT v c li tn ng
nu c:
a) 3-metyl butan
b) 3,3-iclo-2-etyl propan
c) 1,4-imetyl butan
BT4: Vit cc ng phn cu to c
th c ca C6H12 v gi tn?
BT5: (BT3/123SGK)
t chy hon ton 3,36 lit hn hp
kh A gm metan v etan thu c
4,48 lit kh cacbonic. Cc th tch
kh o ktc.Tnh thnh phn phn
trm th tch mi kh trong hn hp
A?
- i din cc nhm ln bng trnh
by tng cu nh, hs khc nhn xt
- Gv: nh gi

BT1:
as
a) CH3CH2CH2CH3 +Cl2
CH3CHClCH2CH3+HCl
CH3CH2CH2CH2Cl+HCl
b) Sn phm l: CH2=CH-CH2-CH3
Hoc: CH3-CH=CH-CH3
crackinh
c) C4H10
CH4 + C3H6
crackinh
C4H10 C2H6 + C2H4
BT2:
a) 2,2-imetyl butan
b) 2-brom-4-etyl hexan
BT3:
a) CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3: 2-metyl butan
b) CHCl2-CH(C2H5)-CH3: 1,1-iclo-2-metyl butan
c) CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3: Hexan
BT4:
1) CH3-CH(CH3) -CH2-CH2-CH3: 2-metyl pentan
2) CH3-CH2-CH(CH3) -CH2-CH3 : 3-metyl pentan
3) CH3-C(CH3)2 -CH2-CH3 : 2,2-imetyl butan
4) CH3-CH(CH3) -CH(CH3) CH3 : 2,3-imetyl butan
5) CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3: Hexan
BT5:
Gi x,y ln lt l s mol ca metan v etan
CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O
xmol
xmol
C2H6 + 7/2O2 2CO2 + 3H2O
ymol
2ymol
Ta c:
3,36
= 0,15mol (1)
22, 4
4, 48
= 0, 2mol (2)
Tng s mol CO2 = x + 2y =
22, 4

Tng s mol kh A= x + y =

T (1) v (2) ta c: x = 0,1; y = 0,05

%V(CH4) =

0,1.100
= 66, 7(%)
0,15

%V(C2H6) = 100-66,7=33,3%
4. Cng c: Cng c sau tng bi tp
5. Dn d: Xem li cch lp CTPT
Rt kinh nghim:
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Th hai ngy 2 thng 1 nm 2012

Tit th 40:

LUYN TP: ANKAN (tit 2)

I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc: Cng c kin thc v thit lp cng thc phn t
2.K nng:
- Lp CTPT mt ankan
- Tm CTPT 2 ankan k tip nhau trong dy ng ng
3.Thi : Kch thch s hng th vi b mn, pht huy kh nng t duy ca hc sinh

II TRNG TM:
- Lp CTPT mt ankan
- Tm CTPT 2 ankan k tip nhau trong dy ng ng
III.PHNG PHP GING DY: Din ging - pht vn - kt nhm

IV. CHUN B GIO C:

*Gio vin: Phiu hc tp
*Hc sinh: n bi c

V. TIN TRNH BI DY:

1.n nh lp: Kim tra s s, ng phc...
2.Kim tra bi c: (5 pht) Pht vn cch thit lp CTPT
3.Bi mi:
a. t vn : Tip tc luyn tp
b. Trin khai bi

HOT NG THY V TR

NI DUNG KIN THC

Hot ng 1:T chc lp hc

Mc tiu: Phn cng cng vic hp l

Gv: Chia lp thnh 8 nhm; Pht phiu hc tp cho hc sinh:
- BT1: Nhm 1 v 8
- BT2: Nhm 2 v 7
- BT3: Nhm 3 v 6
- BT4: Nhm 4 v 5
Hot ng 2: Hc sinh tho lun lm bi tp
Mc tiu: Cng h tr nhau gii quyt vn
- Hs tho lun 5
- i din hs ln bng trnh by
- Hs khc nhn xt, b sung
- Gv nhn xt, nh gi
BT1: Lp CTPT, vit CTCT v gi tn mt ankan BT1:
c t khi hi so vi khng kh l 3,448?
MA= 29.3,448=100
M: M=14n + 2= 100 n=7
Vy A l C7H16
BT2: Lp CTPT, vit CTCT ca mt ankan c BT2:
83,72% cacbon?
Gi ankan l CnH2n+2
Ta c: %C=

12n.100
= 83, 72 n = 6
14n + 2

Vy A l C6H14
BT3: Gi s 2 ankan c CTPT: CxH2x+2
BT3: Lp CTPT ca 2 ankan l ng ng k tip M=14x+2=24,8/0,5=49,6 x=3,4
nhau c khi lng 24,8 gam, th tch tng ng M: n<x<m
l 11,2 lt (kc)
Nn 2 ankan l C3H8 v C4H10
BT4:
BT4: t chy hon ton 10,2 gam hai ankan cn Hng dn hs v nh
25,8 lt oxi(kc). Xc nh cng thc phn t 2
ankan, bit phn t khi mi ankan khng qu 60.

4. Cng c:
Cng c trong tng bi
5. Dn d:
- n tp v ankan
- Chun b bi thc hnh
Rt kinh nghim:
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Th by ngy 14 thng 1 nm 2012

Tit th 41: THC HNH: PHN TCH NH TNH NGUYN T,

IU CH V TH TNH CHT CA METAN
I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc:
Bit c : Mc ch, cch tin hnh, k thut thc hin cc th nghim c th.
Phn tch nh tnh cc nguyn t C v H.
iu ch v thu kh metan.
t chy kh metan.
Dn kh metan vo dung dch thuc tm.
2.K nng:
S dng dng c, ho cht tin hnh c an ton, thnh cng cc th nghim trn.
Quan st, m t hin tng, gii thch v vit cc phng trnh ho hc.
Vit tng trnh th nghim.

3.Thi : Pht huy tinh thn lm vic tp th ca hc sinh, hc sinh thc hnh cn thn

II TRNG TM:
Phn tch nh tnh C, H;
iu ch v th tnh cht ca metan

III.PHNG PHP GING DY: Hot ng nhm

IV. CHUN B GIO C:
*Gio vin: Th nghim nh tnh cacbon v hiro
Ho cht: Saccaroz, CuO, CuSO4 khan, nc vi trong
Dng c: ng nghim, gi st, n cn, nt cao su, ng dn kh, dim
*Hc sinh: Bng ht nc, chun b bi

V. TIN TRNH BI DY:

1.n nh lp: Kim tra s s, ng phc...
2.Kim tra bi c:
3.Bi mi:
a. t vn : Hiro cacbon l g? xc nh s c mt ca cacbon v hiro th lm th no?
Vo bi
b. Trin khai bi

HOT NG THY V TR

NI DUNG KIN THC

Hot ng 1:Th nghim 1- nh tnh cacbon v hiro

Mc tiu: Phn tch nh tnh cacbon v hiro

Gv pht vn hc sinh v cch tin hnh th Th nghim 1: Xc nh nh tnh cacbon v
nghim 1
hiro
* Lu :
- Ly 0,2 gam saccaroz trn vi 1-2 gam
- nhn bit c H2O, cn lm vi ng CuO, cho vo ng nghim kh + 1 gam CuO
nghim sch, kh.
ph kn ln mt
- Sau khi lm xong th nghim phi rt ng - Lp dng c nh hnh v:
nghim cha dung dch Ca(OH)2 ra trc sau
Ho
n hp
mi tt n cn.
0,2g C12H22O11
Bo
ng ta
m bo
t
va1-2 g CuO
- Hs thc hin th nghim
CuSO4 khan
- Gv bao qut lp, hng dn khi cn
- Hs hon thnh v thc hnh
- Dn dng c
Ban a
u la
n
c vo
i
trong
Xa
c nh nh tnh C, H trong saccaroz

Hot ng 2: Kim tra 15 ankan

Mc tiu: Kim tra kin thc hc sinh v ankan
Cu 1: Gi tn cc hp cht hu c c cng thc cu to sau:
a) CH3-CHCl-CH(C2H5)-CH3
b) CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
Cu 2: Vit cng thc cu to ca hp cht hu c c tn sau:
a) 4,4-iclo-2-Metyl heptan
b) 2-Brom-2-Clo butan
Cu 3: Vit cc ng phn cu to ca C3H7Cl v gi tn
Cu 4: t chy 0,3 gam mt ankan A thu c 0,448 lt kh CO2 (kc). Xc nh cng thc
phn t ca A v vit cng thc cu to?
4. Cng c: Nhc li phng php phn tch nh tnh cacbon v hiro
5. Dn d:

- Dn ra dng c
- Chun b bi anken
Rt kinh nghim:
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