Cng thc cc th trong ting anh. WWW.CLUBTAICHINH.NET BN TM TT: Cho cc bn! hm ny mnh hc ting anh v c su tm c cc th trong tring anh.

Cc bn xem nha. sai ch no th commen ti y chnh li ha. -Th hin ti: + Th hin ti n: K: S + V ( + s/es vi ngi th 3 s t) P: S + Doesnt/Dont + V(ifn) NV: Does/do + S + V(ifn)? + Th hin ti tip din K: S + be +V_ing P: S + Be not + V-ing NV: BE + S+ V-ing? + Th hin ti hon thnh: K: S+ has/have + PII P: S + hasnt/ havent+ PII NV: Has/Have+ S+ PII? (yet, already, for, since) + Th hin ti hon thnh tip din: K: S has/have + been + V_ing P: S+ Hasnt/ Havent+ been+ V -ing NV: Has/HAve+ S+ been+ V-ing? -------------------------------------------Th qu kh: + Th qu kh n: K: S+ V_ed (or BQT) P: S+ didnt+ V(ifn) NV: Did+ S+ V(ifn)? + Th qu kh tip din: K: S + was/were + V_ing P: S + wasnt/werent+ V -ing NV: Was/Were + S+ V-ing? + Th qu kh hon thnh: K: S + had + PII P: S+ hadnt+ PII NV: Had+S+PII? Th qu kh hon thnh tip din: K:S+ had + been + V_ing P: S+ hadnt+ been+ V-ing NV: Had+S+been+V-ing -------------------------------------------Th tng lai: + Th tng lai n : S + shall/will + V_infinitive +Th tng lai tip din: S + shall/will + be + V_ing + Th tng lai hon thnh: S + shall/will + have + PII + Th tng lai hon thnh tip din: S + shall/will + have been + V_ing S DNG V CHI TIT

Hc ting Anh, mt trong nhng iu quan trng nht l cc th c bn, mun hc tt cc bn phi nm vng cc th c bn ca ting Anh Sau y s l cc th c bn ca ting Anh: 1/Simple Present (thi hin ti n) Dng din t mt hnh ng mang tnh thng xuyn (regular action), theo thi quen (habitual action) hoc hnh ng lp i lp li c tnh qui lut. I walk to school every day. Khi chia ng t thi ny, i vi ngi th nht (I), th hai (you) v th 3 s nhiu (they) ng t khng phi chia, s dng ng t nguy n th khng c to nh v d nu trn. i vi ngi th 3 s t (he, she, it, tn ring, ...), phi c "s" hoc "es" sau ng t v m phi c c ln: He walks. She watches TV Cng thc: S + V (verb nh chia hp vi ch ng)

Thng dng thi hin ti n vi mt s cc ph t ch thi gian nh today, present day, nowadays,... v vi cc ph t ch tn sut nh: always, sometimes, often, every + th i gian ... Simple present thng khng dng din t hnh ng ang xy ra thi im hin ti (now), ngoi tr vi cc ng t th hin trng thi (stative verb) nh sau: have, know, believe, hear ,see ,smell ,wish, understand ,hate, love, like ,want, sound , n eed, appear, seem, taste, own,... Cc t trong danh sch trn thng cng khng bao gi xut hin trong thi tip din (hin ti tip din, qu kh tip din...). Mt s v d khc v thi hin ti n: They understand the problem now. (stative ve rb) He always swims in the evening. (habitual action) We want to leave now. (stative verb) The coffee tastes delicious. (stative verb) 2/Present Progressive (thi hi n ti tip din) Dng din t mt hnh ng xy ra vo thi im hin ti. Thi im ny c xc nh c th bng mt s ph t nh : now, rightnow, at this moment. Dng thay th cho thi tng lai gn, c bit l trong vn ni.The president is trying to contact his advisors now. (present time) We are flying to Paris next month. (future time) Cng thc: S + to be (am/is/are ) + V-ing

Cc ng t trng thi (stative verb) sau khng c chia th tip din (bt c thi no) khi chng l nhng ng t tnh din t trng thi cm gic ca hot ng tinh thn hoc tnh cht ca s vt, s vic. Nhng khi chng quay sang hng ng t hnh ng th chng li c php dng th tip din. know, believe, hear ,see, smell, wish, understand ,hate ,love ,like, want ,so und, have, need, appear, seem ,taste ,own

He has a lot of books.(c khng ph i l hnh ng) He is having dinner now. ( ng t hnh ng: n ti) 3/Present Perfect (th hin ti hon thnh) Th hin ti hon thnh dng :

(1). Din t mt hnh ng xy ra mt thi im khng xc nh trong qu kh. John has traveled around the world. (We don't know when) (chng ti ko nn u c bik John i hi no ) (2). Ch mt hnh ng xy ra nhiu ln trong qu kh. George has seen this movie three time. (3). Mt hnh ng bt u din ra trong qu kh v vn cn xy ra hin ti. John has lived in that house for 20 years. (He still lives there.) Anh ta sng cn nh 20 nm ri, nhng by gi anh ta vn sng = John has lived in that house since 1988. (Gi s hin nay l 2008) T nm 1984 John sng , v c th bi gi cng vy Cng thc: S + have/has + PP *** Cch dng SINCE v FOR: FOR + khong thi gian: for three days, for ten minutes, for twenty years ... SINCE + thi im bt u: since 1982, since January, ... *** Cch dng ALREADY v YET: Already dng trong cu khng nh, already c th ng ngay sau have v cng c th ng cui cu. We have already written our reports. We have written our reports already. Yet dng trong cu ph nh, cu nghi vn. Yet th ng xuyn ng cui cu. We haven't written our reports yet. Have you written your reports yet? Trong mt s trng hp th ph nh, yet c th ng ngay sau have nhng phi thay i v mt ng php: ng t PII tr v dng nguyn th c to v khng dng not. John has yet to learn the material = John hasn't learnt the material yet. ***Th hin ti hon thnh thng dc dng vi mt s cm t ch thi gian nh sau: Dng vi now that... (gi y khi m ...) Now that you have passed the TOEFL test successfully, you can apply for the scholarship. Dng vi mt s ph t nh till now, untill now, so far (cho n gi). Nhng cm t ny c th ng u cu hoc cui cu. So far the problem has not been resolved. Dng vi recently, lately (gn y) nhng cm t n y c th ng u hoc cui cu. I have not seen him recently. Dng vi before ng cui cu. I have seen him before. 4/Present Perfect Progressive (th hi n ti hon thnh tip din) Ch i vi cc hnh ng thc loi (3) ca thi hin ti hon thnh chng ta mi c th dng thi hin ti hon thnh tip din. John has been living in that house for 20 years. = John has lived in that house for 20 years. Cng thc: S + have/has + been + V-ing Phn bit cch dng gia hai thi`: Present Perfect Hnh ng chm dt hin ti do c kt qu r rt. I've waited for you for half an hour. Ti ch khong na gi ri nhng gi th ht ch ri

Present Perfect Progressive Hnh ng vn tip din hin ti, c kh nng lan ti t ng lai do khng c kt qu r rt. I've been waiting for you for half an hour. Ti ch, ang ch v s tip tc ch,ch bik l khi no mi thi ch 5/ Simple Past (th qu kh n): Dng din t mt hnh ng xy ra dt im ti mt thi gian xc nh trong qu kh (khng c n din ra hoc nh hng ti hin ti). Thi im trong cu c xc nh r rt bng mt s cc ph t ch thi gian nh : yesterday, at that moment, last week, ... Cng thc: S+V-ed/P2

He went to Spain last year. Bob bought a new bicyle yesterday. Maria did her homework last night. Mark washed the dishes after dinner. We drove to the grocery store this afternoon. George cooked dinner for his family Saturday night. 6/ Past Progresseive (thi qu kh tip din) Th ny tng i d nhm ln, ch nha ! Cng thc: S + was/were + V-ing

Th qu kh tip din dng din t: (1) mt hnh ng ang xy ra trong qu kh th b mt hnh ng khc chen ngang (khi ang... th bng...). Cng thc: S1 + was/were + V-ing when S2 + P2

I was watching TV when she came home. hoc When she came home, I was watching television. Hnh ng no bt u trc v ang din ra th dng tip din, cn hnh ng chen ngang th dng qu kh n, nhng ch 1 iu khi hnh ng din ra trc v ang din ra qu ngn ta c th chia lun n qu kh n When I went to the door, the phone rang (khong cch t ch n ci ca rt ngn, nn hnh ng ca ngi ny tuy l ang i nhng n di n ra rt nhanh) (2) Hai hnh ng cng ng thi xy ra trong qu kh. Trong trng hp ny, mu cu sau c p dng: Cng thc: S1 + was/were + V-ing while S2 + was/were + V-ing

Martha was watching television while John was reading a book. hoc While John was reading a book, Martha was watching television. Cu trc sau y cng i khi c dng nhng khng thng dng bng hai mu trn, t khi gp v ko nn

dng: While John was reading a book, Martha watched television. (3) Mt hnh ng ang xy ra ti mt thi im xc nh trong qu kh: Martha was watching TV at seven o clock last night. What were you doing at one o clock this afte rnoon? Henry was eating a snack at midnight last night. 7/ Past Perfect (thi qu kh hon thnh):

Cng thc: Subject + had + [verb in participle] + ... Thi qu kh hon thnh c dng din t: (1) mt hnh ng xy ra trc mt hnh ng khc trong qu kh, trong cu th ng c c 2 hnh ng: Thi qu kh hon thnh thng c dng vi 3 ph t ch thi gian l: after, before v when. Subject +simple past + after + subject + past perfect John went home after he had gone to the store Subject + past perfect + before + subject + simple past John had gone to the store before he went home After + subject + past perfect, subject + simple past After John had gone to the store, he went home. Before + subject +simple past, + subject + past perfect Before John went home, he had gone to the store Ph t when c th c dng thay cho after v before trong c 4 mu trn m khng lm thay i ngha ca cu. Chng ta vn bit hnh ng no xy ra trc do c s dng qu kh ho n thnh. The police came when the robber had gone away. (2) Mt trng thi tn ti mt thi gian trong qu kh nh ng chm dt trc hin ti. Trng hp ny tng t trng hp (3) i vi hin ti hon thnh nhng trong trng hp ny khng c lin h g vi hin ti. John had lived in New York for ten years before he moved to VN. 8/ Past Perfect Progressive (thi qu kh hon thnh tip din): Cng thc: S + had been + V-ing

Ch i vi cc hnh ng thuc nhm (2) ca thi qu kh ho n thnh ta mi c th dng thi qu kh hon thnh tip din, vi ngha ca cu khng thay i. John had been living in New York for ten years before he moved to VN. Lu : Thi ny ngy nay t dng, ng i ta thay th n bng Past Perfect v ch dng khi no cn in t tnh chnh xc ca hnh ng.

9/ Simple Future (thi tng lai n)

Cng thc: S + will/shall + bare inf Ngy nay ng php hin i, c bit l ng php M chp nhn vic dng will cho tt c cc ngi, cn shall ch dng vi cc ngi I, we trong mt s trng hp nh sau: a ra ngh mt cch lch s: Shall I take you coat? Dng mi ngi khc mt cch lch s: Shall we go out for lunch? Dng ng gi trong khi mc c, mua bn: Shall we say : $ 50 Thng c dng vi 1 vn bn mang tnh php qui buc cc b n phi thi hnh iu khon trong vn bn: All the students shall be responsible for proper execution of the dorm rule. Trong ting Anh bnh dn , ngi ta thay shall = must dng cu n y. N dng din t mt hnh ng s xy ra mt thi im nht nh trong tng lai nhng khng xc nh c th. Thng dng vi mt s ph t ch thi gian nh tomorrow, next + time, in the future, in future, from now on. 10/ Tng lai tip din (Future Continuous) Cng dng *Din t mt hnh ng ang xy ra mt thi im nht nh trong t ng lai. V d : -Now we are making necessary preparations for the honeymoon trip to Nha Trang.This day next week, we shall be visiting Nha Trang's tourist attractions (By gi, chng ti ang chun b nhng th cn thit cho chuyn i hng tun trng mt Nha Trang.Ngy ny tun sau, chng ti s ang tham quan cc thng cnh du lch ca Nha Trang). -This time tomorrow, all the workers will be queuing up to receive luncheon vouchers (Gi ny ngy mai, tt c cng nhn s ang xp h ng ni ui nhau nhn phiu n tra) Cng thc: S + shall/will + be + V-ing Xc nh :I shall/will be working, We shall/will be working, He/she/it will be working ... Ph nh :I shall not/shan't be working, I will not/won't be working,We shall not/shan't be working, We will not/won't be working, He/she/it will not/won't be working ... Nghi vn :Shall/will I be working?,Shall/will we be working?, Will he/she/it be working? ... Nghi vn ph nh :Will you not be working?/Won't you be working?, Will they not beworking?/Won't they be working? ...