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- Bit A tc dng vi Cl2 khi chiu sng t l mol 1:1 cho mt sn phm duy nht. Xc nh A. HD: C5H12 Bi 2: t chy hon ton mt hidrocacbon A thu c 13,44 lt CO2(ktc) v 14,4 gam nc. dA/H2=22. a- Tm cng thc phn t ca A. b- Vit phng trnh phn ng ca A vi Cl2 khi chiu sng, t l mol 1:1. c- em thc hin crcking A mt thi gin thu c hn hp kh X c dX/H2 = 15. Tnh hiu sut phn ng crcking. HD: C3H8 Bi 3: Khi t chy hon ton mt hidrocacbon ngi ta thu c 3,85 gam CO2 v 1,8 gam nc. Xc nh cng thc phn t v cng thc cu to ca ankan . HD: C7H14. Bi 4: C cc ankan c cng thc C5H12. a- Vit cc cng thc cu to c th c ca cht trn. b- Trong c cht A khi tc dng vi Cl2 c chiu sng ch cho mt dn xut mono clo duy nht. Xc nh A. c- Cn trn A vi khng kh theo t l no v th tch c hn hp chy mnh nht.( coi khng kh c 20% th tch l O2). d- Cn trn A vi O2 theo t l no v th tch c hn hp chy mnh nht. e- Trong 2 cch trn trn cch no c hn hp chy mnh hn? Ti sao? Su tm: Bi 1: Cho C6H14 tc dng vi clo theo t l mol 1:1 thu c 2 sn phm ng phn mono. Vit CTCT ca C6H14 v gi tn hai ng phn . Bi 2: Khi t chy ankan trong kh clo sinh ra mui en v mt cht kh lm giy qu tm t. Sn phm l g? Tnh th tch kh clo cn t chy hon ton hn hp kh gm 2 lit C 2H6 v 3 lit CH4. Nu t chy hn hp trong oxi th cn bao nhiu lt oxi . Bit cc th tch o cng iu kin. Bi 3: Mt ankan A th kh ktc v nng hn khng kh. a) Xc nh CTPT ca A bit rng khi cho A tc dng vi Cl2 ch cho mt sn phm th mono b) Ly 6 g A trn vi 14,2 gam Cl2v a ra askt mt thi gian thu c hai sn phm th mono v i clo u th lng ktc . Cho hn hp kh cn li i qua dung dch NaOH d th cn li mt kh duy nht thot ra khi bnh c V= 2,24 lit (ktc). Dung dch trong NaOH c kh nng oxi ho 200ml dung dch FeSO4 0,5M. Xc nh khi lng mi sn phm th. Bi 4: t chy a gam hn hp hai ankan hn km nhau k cht trong dy ng ng CnH2n+2 v CmH2m+2 (m>n) thu c b gam CO2. Chng minh rng: b 22a-7b -k<n< b 22a-7b
B- Bi ton: Bi 1: t chy 4,48 lt hn hp hai ankan l cht kh (ktc) ri cho ton b sn phm chy qua bnh 1 ng 1 lit dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M thu c 137,9 g kt ta. Tm hai ankan v thnh phn % theo khi lng ca chng. Bi 2: C lin quan anken Nung nng V lit butan thu c 35 lit hn hp A trong c mt phn butan cha phn ng. Gi s ch c cc phn ng. C4H10 CH4+ C3H6; C4H10 C2H6 + C2H4; C4H10 H2+ C4H8 Cho hn hp A li rt t t qua bnh nc Brom d thy th tch cn li 20 lit. Ly 1 lit kh cn li em t chy th thu c 2,1 lit kh CO 2. Cc th tch kh o cng k, CnH2n b gi li trong bnh Br2 do phng trnh CnH2n + Br2 CnH2nBr2 1) Tnh % butan tham gia phn ng Thc s : Nguyn Hu Ngha Ti liu luyn thi i hc Cao ng
2) Tnh % th tch mi kh trong hn hp A, bit rng s mol C2H4 bng hai ln tng s mol ca
C3H6 v C4H8. Bi 3: Mt hn hp gm mt ankan A v 2,24 lit Cl2 (ktc). Hn hp ny di tc dng ca nh sng khuych tn to ra hn hp X gm hai cht dn xut ( sn phm th) mono v diclo th lng (mX = 4,26 gam) v hn hp kh Y c V = 3,36 lit (ktc). Cho Y tc dng vi mt dung dch NaOH lng va cho mt dung dch c V = 200 ml v tng nng mol cc mui tan l 0,6M. Cn li mt kh Z thot ra khi dung dch c V = 1,12 lit (ktc). a) Tm CTPT ca A bit rng t l mol 2 cht dn xut mono v diclo l 2:3. b) Tnh thnh phn % th tch ca hn hp A ban u. Bi 4: m gam mt hidrocacbon A chim cng th tch vi m gam CO2 cng iu kin nhit v p sut. a) Xc nh CTPT ca A. Vi clo, A cho bao nhiu ng phn mono v iclo?. b) Ly hn hp gm 2,2 gam A cng vi 3,55 gam clo a ra askt thu c 2 sn phm th mono(B) v iclo(C) vi khi lng mB = 1,3894mD. Sau khi cho hn hp kh cn li sau phn ng ( khng c cha B v D) qua 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M (NaOH ly d) cn li 448 ml kh thot ra ktc. Tnh khi lng B , D v nng mol cc cht tan trong dung dch NaOH ( th tch dung dch vn l 200ml). c) Tnh % A phn ng vi clo. Bi 5: Mt hp cht hu c A c mC : mH : mO : mN = 12 : 3,5 : 16 : 7 a) Xc nh CTPT v CTCT ca A bit rng A c mt nguyn t N v khi cho A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH un nng th c NH3 bay ra. b) Ly 11,55 gam A cho vo 300ml dung dch NaOH 1M, un nng n khi phn ng hon ton . C cn c mt cht rn, nung cht rn c kh B bay ra. Nung kh B ny 15000C thu c hn hp X gm 3 kh c V = 5,6 lit (ktc). Tnh % B b nhit phn (bit s nhit phn khng to thnh cacbon). c) Ly ton b th tch kh B trn cho vo 1 bnh c dung tch 10 lit cha sn 2 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,0625M v thm oxi cho n khi t c p sut 1,4 atm (0 0C). Bt tia la in t chy, lc k . Tnh khi lng kt ta v p sut P2 sau khi t kh B, gi s nhit dung tch bnh v th tch dung dch khng thay i. Bi 6: t chy hon ton mt hp cht hu c A to ra 10,6 gam Na2CO3 v hn hp kh B. Cho B i qua bnh ng dung dch KOH c th khi lng bnh tng 43,4 gam cn nu cho hn hp B i qua bnh ng P2O5 ri sau mi qua bnh ng dung dch KOH th khi lng bnh KOH ch tng 30,8 gam. a) Xc nh CTPT ca A bit A mch thng v cha 1 nguyn t Na. b) Ly 22 gam A nung vi NaOH d c kh B. Cho ton b kh B ny vo bnh c V = 5,6 lit v nung bnh mt thi gian th thu c hn hp kh X gm 5 kh trong H2 chim 18,92% theo th tch . Gi s ch c A b nhit phn v s nhit phn khng to thnh cacbon v ankin, p sut trong bnh P2 sau khi nung bng 1,85 p sut P1 trc khi nung (P1, P2 u o 27,30C ). Xc nh thnh phn % hn hp X. % A b nhit phn, gi tr P1 v P2. Bi 7 : Mt bnh kn V = 10 lit c cha 30,4 gam O 2 v hai hidrocacbon thuc cng mt dy ng ng. p sut ban u l P1 (00C ). Bt tia la in, phn ng xy ra hon ton. Cho sn phm chy ln lt qua bnh 1 ng H2SO4 c v bnh 2 ng NaOH d th thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 12,6 gam v bnh 2 tng 22 gam. a) Xc nh dy ng ng ca A , B. b) Tnh p sut P1 ( 00C ) v P2 sau phn ng ( 136,50C). c) Xc nh CTPT ca A, B. Bit chng u th kh ktc. Bi 8 : Mt hn hp X gm 1 hidrocacbon A (CxHy) v H2 c VX= 5 lit. Thm vo 10 lit O2 (ly d) v t chy . Sau khi lm lnh cn li mt hn hp kh c V = 6 lit trong mt na tan ht trong KOH na cn li phn ng ht vi photpho. a) Xc nh x, y v thnh phn % hn hp X theo th tch a ca H2 trong X. ng dng tnh x, y vi a = 2lit. b) Ly 1 mol hn hp X vi thnh phn % nh trn v nung 1500 0C thu c hn hp kh Y c d = 0,438 gam/l (ktc). Xc nh thnh phn hn hp Y. Thc s : Nguyn Hu Ngha Ti liu luyn thi i hc Cao ng