CNG THC TON HC

Trn Anh Tun - 0974 396 391

(Ging vin Ton trng i hc Thng Mi - TT luyn thi HSPHN)

LNG GIC
1. Cc h thc lng gic c bn
sin
1. sin2 + cos2 = 1;
2. tan = cos
;
3. cot =

2
1
4. tan . cot = 1; 5. 1 + tan = cos2 ; 6. 1 + cot2 =

cos
;
sin
1
;
2
sin
7. sin(+2) = sin ; cos(+2) = cos ; tan(+) = tan ; cot(+) = cot .

2. Gi tr lng gic ca cc gc c lin quan c bit

PP Hm

+ cos i,
2
PP
Gc
P
b,
sin
sin
sin
cos
sin sin
cos
cos
cos
sin
cos ph cho,
tan
tan tan
cot
tan khc tan
v cot
cot
cot cot
tan
cot
3. Cng thc cng, cng thc nhn i, nhn ba, h bc
1. cos() = cos cos sin sin ; sin() = sin cos cos sin ;
2

2. cos 2 = cos2 sin2 = 2 cos2 1 = 1 2 sin2 = 1tan

;
1+tan2
2
2 tan
2 tan
1cos 2
3. sin 2 = 2 sin cos = 1+tan2 ; tan 2 = 1tan2 ; sin =
2
2
4. sin 3 = 3 sin 4 sin3 ; cos 3 = 4 cos3 3 cos ; cos2 = 1+cos
.
2
4. Cng thc bin i tch thnh tng, tng thnh tch
cos
; cos cos = 2 sin +
sin
;
1. cos +cos = 2 cos +
2
2
2
2
+

+
2. sin + sin = 2 sin 2 cos 2 ; sin sin = 2 cos 2 sin
;
2
1
3. cos cos
=
[cos( + ) + cos( )]; sin sin
=
2
21 [cos( + ) cos(
)]; sin cos =12 [sin( + ) + sin( )];

(
)
(
)
=
4. sin cos =
2 sin 4
2 cos 4 ; 1 sin 2 =

PP

(sin cos )2 ; sin4 + cos4 = 1 21 sin2 2; sin6 + cos6 = 1 34 sin2 2;

5. Phng trnh lng

gic c bn
[
= + 2
1. sin = sin
2. sin = 0 = ;
= + 2;

3. sin = 1 = 2 + 2; 4. sin = 1 = 2 + 2;
[
= arcsin() + 2
5. sin =
c nghim || 1;
= arcsin() + 2,
6. cos = cos = + 2; 7. cos = 0 = 2 + ;
8. cos = 1 = 2; 9. cos = 1 = + 2;
10. cos = = arccos() + 2, c nghim || 1;
11. tan = tan = + ; tan = = arctan() + ;
12. cot = cot = + ; 13. cot = = arccot() + .
6. Phng trnh lng gic n gin
1. sin + cos = 2 2 sin + 2 2 cos = 2 2 , vi
+

sin(+) = 2 2 , 2 2 +2 ;
2 +
2 +2
+

2
2
PT tng t sin + cos = 2 + 2 sin

(hoc

+ cos );

2
2
2
v sin + cos = sin + cos , vi + = + 2 ;
2. Phng trnh thun nht bc hai, bc ba i vi sin v cos
sin2 + sin cos + cos2 + = 0, v
3
sin + sin2 cos + sin cos2 + cos3 + sin + cos = 0.
Chia hai v phng trnh cho sin2 (hoc cos3 ), ri t = tan .
3. PT i xng sin v cos : (sin cos ) + sin cos + = 0,

2
t = sin cos (|| 2), khi sin cos = 21 .
= 90 ,
7. H thc lng trong tam gic vung : cho ,
1
1
1
ng cao , c : 1. 2 = 2 + 2 ; 2.
=
+
2
2.
2
8. H thc lng trong tam gic thng : cho , c cc
cnh , , ; di cc ng cao , , ; trung tuyn , , :
2
2
2
1. L h/s cos: 2 = 2 +2 2 cos ; cos = +2 ; 2. CT trung
cos =

, sin =
2

tuyn 2 = 2( +4 ) ; 3. L h/s sin: = 2 sin ; 4. CT din

tch: = 12 = 12 sin = =
= ( )( )( ),
4
= ++
- na chu vi; , - bn knh ng trn ngoi, ni tip.
2
I S & GII TCH
1. Bt ng thc Cauchy
:

1. Cho , , 0, c : +

; ++
3 ; 2. Cho , , > 0,
2
3
4
9
c : 1 + 1 +
; 1 + 1 + 1 ++
, du bng = = .

2. Bt ng thc hnh hc : cho

= (; ),
= (; ),

2
2
c
:
1.
|

|
+
|

+
2 + 2

2
2
( + ) + ( + ) , du bng = > 0 ( , cng chiu);

2. |
|.|
| |
.
| 2 + 2 . 2 + 2 | + |, du bng

= (
,
cng phng).
3. Phng trnh bc hai : PT 2 + + = 0 ( = 0).

1. = 2 4; 2. PT c hai nghim p/b khi > 0, nghim kp khi

= 0, v nghim
{ khi < 0; 2 nghim tri du
{ khi < 0; 2 nghim
>0
= 1 + 2 =
dng p/b khi
; 3. L Vi-t
= 1 2 = .
> 0, > 0
4. Phng trnh,
{ bt phng trnh cha cn :
{

0 (or 0)
0
2. =
1. =
= ;
= 2;
{
{

0
0 v 0
3. >
4. <
;
< 2;
{
{

<0
0
5. >
hoc
0
2.
5. Phng trnh, bt PT m v logarit
: vi > 0, = 1
{

>
0
1. = = ; 2. =
3. log =
= log ;
{
> 0 (or > 0)
= ; 4. log = log
5. >
= ;
{
{
{
>1
0<<1
<0

or
6. >
>
< ;
xc nh
{
{
> 0, > 1
> 0, 0 < < 1
or
or
7. <
> log
< log ;
{
{
> 0, > 1
> 0, 0 < < 1
or
8. log > log
< log
> log ;
{
{
{
>1
0<<1
>1
or
9. log >
or
>>0
0 < < ;
>
{
{
{
0<<1
>1
0<<1
10. log <
or
0 < < ;
0 < <
> .
6. Quy tc tnh o hm : cho = (), = (), c
( )

=
;
1. ( ) = ; () = + ;
2
2. () = [()] = . v c bng o hm c bn
(.) =
( 1 )
= 12

(.) = .
( 1 )

= 2

( ) = .1

1
( ) = 2

( ) = .1 .

( ) = 2

( ) =

( ) = .

( ) = . ln

( ) = . ln .

(ln ||) =

(ln ||) =

(log ||) =

1
ln

(log ||) =

. ln

(sin ) = cos (sin ) = . cos (cos ) = sin (cos ) = . sin

(tan ) =

Ch :

1
cos2

+
+

(tan ) =
)

cos2

(+)2

(cot ) = sin12 (cot ) = sin2

2

++
+

2 +2+

(+)2

(
)
+2
+

2 + +
=
.
2 + +
(2 + + )2
7. Phng trnh tip tuyn ca ng cong = () ti im
0 (0 ; (0 )) thuc ng cong l = (0 )( 0 ) + (0 ).
8. iu kin tip xc ca
{ hai ng cong = () v = () l
() = ()
h phng trnh tip im
c nghim.
() = ()
9. Tnh ng bin, nghch bin : 1. Nu () > 0 vi mi
(; ) th = () ng bin trn (; ); 2. Nu () < 0 vi
mi (; ) th = () nghch bin trn (; ).
10. Cc tr :
1. Hm s = () c (0 ) = 0 v i du khi
qua im 0 , th 0 gi l cc tr ca hm s; nu i du t +

sang th 0 l im cc
{ i; nu i du t sang + th 0 l

(0 ) = 0
im cc tiu; 2. Nu
th 0 l im cc tiu; nu
(0 ) > 0
{
(0 ) = 0
th 0 l im cc i.
(0 ) < 0
11. Nguyn hm cc hm s c bn :

d
+1
d = +
d = +1 +
= ln || +

d = +
d = ln
+
sin d = cos +

d
d
cos d = sin +
= tan +
= cot +
cos2
sin2

12. Phng php tm nguyn hm

1. i bin : () d = () + ( lmt nguyn hm ca );
2. Nguyn hm tng phn : d = d.

.
= |
|.|
| cos(
,
) = 1 2 + 1 2 ; cos(
,
) =

1 22 2 ;
21 22+
. = 0 1 2 + 1 2 = 0.
1 +1

|
|.|
|

2 +2

2. ng thng

= 0 +

1. qua (0 ; 0 ), vtcp
= (; ) = 0 :
= +

13. Tch phn

1. CT Niu-tn - Laibnit :

s, hoc :
=
( = 0): PT chnh tc; 2. Mi ng thng c

PT tng qut ++ = 0 (2 +2 = 0), vtpt

= (; ), vtcp
= (; );

3. qua (0 ; 0 ), vtpt
= (; ), th : ( 0 ) + ( 0 ) = 0;
4. qua (0 ; 0 ), c h s gc , th : = ( 0 ) + 0 ;
|0 +0 +|

5. Cho (0 ; 0 ) v : + + = 0, th (, ) =
;
2
2

() d = () ();

2. CT i bin s :

[()] () d =

()

() d;

()

3. CT tch phn tng phn :

d = d.

6. cos(1 , 2 ) = | cos(
1 ,
2 )| =

14. Cng thc din tch, th tch : cho < , ta c

= ()
= ()

= ()
= ()
1. Hnh 1 :
;
2. Hnh 2 :

=
=

=
=

1 = | () ()| d
2 = | () ()| d.

()
= ()

trc
trc
3. Hnh 3 :
;
4. Hnh 4 :

=
=

=
=
2

3 quanh = () d
4 quanh = 2 () d.

15. S phc
1. Dng i s : = + C; , R; 2 = 1;: phn thc; :
phn o; + = + = v = ; || = 2 + 2 : m-un
ca ; = : s phc lin hp; 1 = 1 : s phc nghch o.
2. Dng LG : = (cos + sin ); : acrgumen ca ; = || > 0.
3. Php ton : (+)( + ) = ( )+( ); (+)( + ) =
(+)( )

+
( ) + ( + ); +
+ = ( + )( ) = 2 +2 + 2 +2 ;
Nu = (cos + sin ) v = (cos + sin ) th =
[cos( + ) + sin( + )] v = [cos( ) + sin( )];
CT Moa-vr [(cos + sin )] = (cos + sin ).
4. Cn bc hai ca = + l s = + sao cho
2
= 2 2
[ c hai
])
( (cos
[ +]sin ) th
(= v 2 = ;) nu =
cn bc hai l cos 2 + sin 2 v cos + 2 + sin + 2 .
!
16. T hp : 1. = ! = .( 1) . . . 1; 0! = 1; = ()!
;
=

1
+ 1
= ;

=

.

!
;
!()!

( + ) =

=0

=0
||
;
||

17. Xc sut : 1. () =

2. Nh thc Niu-tn :

() = 0; () = 1; 0 () 1.

2. ( + ) = () + (), vi , xung khc; () = 1 ();

3. () = () (), vi , c lp;

4. Bng phn b bin ngu nhin ri rc

c = ( = ),

=1

sai () =

= 1; k vng = () =
; phng

=1

( )2 ; lch chun () =

: PT tham

().

=1

18. Cc hng ng thc ng nh

1. ( )2 = 2 2 + 2 ; 2. ( )3 = 2 32 + 32 3 ;
3. 2 2 = ( )( + ); 4. 3 3 = ( )(2 + 2 ).
5. ( + + )2 = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2.
HNH HC
A. HNH HC GII TCH TRONG MT PHNG
1. Ta im, ta vct
1. Cho (1 ; 1 ), (2 ; 2 ), (3 ; 3 ), : trung im , : trng

tm( : )= ((2 1 ; 2 1 ); =) (2 1 )2 + (2 1 )2 ;
1 +2 1 +2
1 +2 +3 1 +2 +3

; 2
;
;
.
2
3
3
{
1 = 2

2. Cho
= (1 ; 1 ),
= (2 ; 2 ), th
=

1 = 2 ;

= (1 2 ; 1 2 ); .
= (1 ; 1 ) ;


R:
=
21 = 21 ; 3 im , , thng hng  ;

|
1 .
2 |
.

|
1 |.|
2 |

3. ng trn : 1. PT chnh tc ca ng trn : ( 0 )2 +

( 0 )2 = 2 , tm (0 ; 0 ), bn knh > 0; 2. PT tng qut ca
2
2
ng
trn : + + 2 + 2 + = 0, tm (; ), bn knh
= 2 + 2 > 0.
2
2
4. Elip : 1. PT chnh tc () : 2 + 2 = 1 ( > > 0); 2. Tiu im
1 (; 0), 2 (; 0), tiu c 1 2 = 2 > 0 v 2 = 2 + 2 ; 3. Tm
sai = < 1; 4. PT ng chun = ; 5. Bn nh 1 (; 0),
2 (; 0), 1 (0; ), 2 (0; ); 6. di trc ln (trc thc) : 2; trc
b (trc o): 2; 7. PT hnh ch nht c s = , = ; 8. Bn
knh qua tiu : (; ) (), th 1 = +
, 2 =
.

5. Hypebol :
1. PT chnh tc () : 2 2 = 1 (, > 0);
2. Tiu im 1 (; 0), 2 (; 0), tiu c 1 2 = 2 > 0 v 2 = 2 +2 ;
3. Tm sai = > 1; 4. PT ng chun = ; 5. Bn nh
1 (; 0), 2 (; 0), 1 (0; ), 2 (0; ); 6. di trc ln (trc
thc) : 2; trc b (trc o): 2; 7. PT hnh ch nht c s = ,

,
= ; 8. Bn
knh qua tiu : (; ) (), th 1 = +

; 9. PT tim cn : = .
2 =

2
6. Parabol
2 ( > 0); 2. Tiu
( ): 1. PT chnh tc ( ) : =
im 2 ; 0 ; 3. PT ng chun = 2 .
B. HNH HC KHNG GIAN
= .; 3.
= 34 3 ;
1.
= 13 .; 2.
lng tr
cu
chp
4.
= 13 .; 5. tr = .; 6.
= 42 ;
nn
xq-cu
7. xq-tr = 2.; 8.
= , : ng sinh hnh nn.
xq-nn
C. PHNG PHP TA TRONG KHNG GIAN

1. Tch c hng ca hai vct :

1. Cho
= (1 ; 1 ; 1 ),

= (2 ; 2 ; 2 ), tch c
hng ca hai vct v
lmt vct,
1

xc nh bi : [
,
]=
2

1
.
2

2. ng dng ca tch v hng

v tch c hng

1. = 12 [, ];
2.
= [, ]. ;
h.hp

|[,]. |

3. = 61 [, ].;
4. (, ) =
;

[
,
]
|
|

]|
]|

= |[ ,
; 6. cos(
,
) = |
5. (, ) = |[ ,
;

|.|
|
||
||

]
|
|

7. sin(
,
) = |
; 8. cos(, ) = cos(, ).

|.|
|
3. Mt phng 1. Mi mt phng c PT tng qut +++ = 0

(2 + 2 + 2 = 0), vtpt
= (; ; ); 2. () qua (0 ; 0 ; 0 ),

vtpt = (; ; ), th () : ( 0 ) + ( 0 ) + ( 0 ) = 0;
3. Cho (0 ; 0 ; 0 ) v () : + + + = 0, th (, ) =

|
1 .
2 |
|0 +0 +0 +|

; 4. cos(1 , 2 ) = | cos(
1 ,
.
2 )| = |

|.|
2 |
2
2
2

+ +
1

4. ng
thng 1. qua (0 ; 0 ; 0 ), vtcp
= (; ; ) = 0

= 0 +
0
0
0
: = 0 + : PT tham s, hoc :
=
=

= 0 +

]|
|[ 0 ,
;
( = 0): PT chnh tc; 2. Cho 0 , th (, ) =

|
|

[
]

, .0 0
[
]
3. (, ) =
, 0

|
1 .
2 |

| cos(
1 ,
2 )| = |
;

|.|

, 0

4. cos(1 , 2 ) =

5. sin(, ) = | cos(
,
)|.

5. Mt cu : 1. PT chnh tc ca mt cu : ( 0 )2 + ( 0 )2 +
( 0 )2 = 2 , tm (0 ; 0 ; 0 ), bn knh > 0; 2. PT tng qut
2
ca mt cu :
+ 2 + 2 +2+2 +2 + = 0, tm (; ; ),
bn knh = 2 + 2 + 2 > 0.