CHNG 4: I CNG V HO HC HU C TIT 28: M U V HO HC HU C I/ MC TIU BI HC: 1) Kin thc: Hs bit: - Cc c im ca hp cht hu c -Cch phn loi hp cht hu c -Kha

nim v phn tch ngt 2) K nng: Hs nm c 1 s thao tc tch bit v tnh ch hp cht hu c. II/ CHUN B CA GIO VIN V HC SINH: 1> Gv: bng phn loi cht hu c (sgk), tno v tnh cht vt l ca HCHC. TN phn tch nh tnh cc ngt trong pt HCHC. 2> Hs: n li v hp cht hu c hc cp 2. III/ PHNG PHP : Trc quan, suy din, quy np, nu vn IV/ TIN TRNH DY HC: 1. On nh lp: 2 Bi mi : Hot ng ca gio vin v hc sinh Hot ng 1: Gv: C cc cht sau: Mui n, nc, ng, ancol, vi, gim, baz (NaOH), axt (HCl), benzen, du n -Yu cu Hs xc nh u l cht thuc loi hp cht hu c v u l hp cht v c. Hs:- HCVC: mui n, nc, vi, baz, axt. - HCHC: ng, ancol, gim, benzen, du n. Gv: yu cu hs tm ra nhng c im chung v thnh phn ngt to nn HCHC (C12H22O11, C2H5OH, CH3COOH, C6H6) Hs: HCHC l h/c ca cacbon (tr CO,CO2, mui cacbonnat, xianua, cacbua) Gv b sung: Ho hc h/c l ngnh hh nghin cu cc hchc. Hot ng 2: Gv: Ghi 1 s ct ca HC v dn xut ca HC. -Yu cu hs sp xp cc cht trn thnh 2 loi v gi tn mi loi hp cht. Gv: Cho hs xem bng phn loi cht hu c, a ra 1 s vd minh ho. Hot ng 3: Gv: Da vo kin thc v lin kt ho hc lp 10. Yu cu Hs cho bit loi lkhh ch yu trong Hchc. Cc cht c lk CHT thng c nhng c im g v tnh cht. Hs: Tr li Gv: Gii thiu bnh c cha xng, yu cu hs quan st v a ra nhn xt v tnh cht vt l (mi, tan trong H2O ). Hs: xng: to n/c v to si thp. Khng tan trong nc rt ra t/c vt l Gv: Nu vd minh ho v xng Hchc km bn nhit v d chy. -Nu vd p hc trong i sng: Ln men tinh bt nu ru, lm gim, nu x phng. Ni dung ghi bng I/ Khi nim: v hp cht hu c v ho hc hu c: -Hp cht hu c l hp cht cu cacbon (tr cc oxt ca cacbon, mui cacbonat, xianua v cc bua) -Ho hc hu c l ngnh ho hc nghin cu cc hp cht hu c.

II/ Phn loi hp cht hu c. 1/ Da vo thnh phn cc ng/t -Hidrocacbon: Ch cha C v H. -Dn xut ca hidrocacbon: Ngoi H,C cn c O,Cl,N,S 2/ Theo mch cacbon: Vng v khng vng. III/ t im chung ca hp cht hu c: 1/ c im cu to: -T cc ngt phi kim c A khc nhau khng nhiu . -Lin kt HH ch yu l lin kt CHT. 2/ Tnh cht vt l: Sgk 3/ Tnh cht ho hc: - HCHC km bn vi nhit v d chy. - P/ HH ca hp cht hh xy ra chm v theo nhiu hng khc nhau trong 1 iu kin nhit to hn hp sn phm. IV/ S lt v phn tch nguyn t:

HS: rt ra nhn xt . . . Hot ng 4: Gv: Nu mc ch v ngtc ca pp phn tch nh tnh. Gv: Lm TN phn tch glucoz Hs: Nhn xt hin tng v rt ra kt lun. CuO, t o * Glucoz CO2 + H2O Nhn ra CO2:CO2 +Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O Nhn ra H2O:CuSO4 + 5 H2O CuSO4. 5 H2O (xanh). * Kl: Trong tp glucoz c C v H. Gv: Tng qut ln vi hp cht hu c bt k.

1/ Phn tch nh tnh: a/ Mc ch: Xc nh cc ngt c trong hp cht hc. b/ Nguyn tc: chuyn hp cht hc thnh cc cht v c n gin, ri nhn bit bng phn ng t. c/ Phng php tin hnh: * Xc nh C,H:
CuSO4 khan
CuO, t HCHC SPVC
o

CuSO4 (xanh): SPVC c

H2O
dd(Ca(OH)2

: SPVC c CO2

*Xc nh nit: Chyn N thnh NH3 qu ha xanh c N 2/ Phn tch nh lng: a/Mc ch: Xc nh % khi lng cc ngt trong pt hchc. b/ Nguyn tc: cn 1 lng chnh xc HCHC (a gam), sau chuyn HCHC Hot ng 5: thnh HCVC, ri nh lng chng bng Gv: Nu mc ch v ngtc ca pp phn tch nh PP khi lng hoc th tch. lng. c/ PP Tin hnh: Sgk Hs: Rt ra phng php tin hnh. d/ Biu thc tnh: Gv: Hng dn hs cch thit lp biu thc tnh m CO2 m phn trm khi lng cu hu ht cc ngt. - mC = .12 %C = C .100% 44 a mH O m - m H = 2. 2 %H = H .100% 18 a VN2 m - m N = 2. .14 %N = N .100% 22,4 a - m O = a - (mC + mH + mN + ...) %O = 100% - (%C+ %H+ %N+ ...) 4. Cng c bi v bi tp v nh: - Gv: Cht li kin thc trng tm ca bi: pp p/tch nh tnh v nh lng. Hng dn Hs lm bi 3- sgk/tr91. - Bi tp v nh: 1,2,4 sgk/91. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------TIT 29: CNG THC PHN T HP CHT HU C. I/ MC TIU BI HC: 1) Kin thc: Bit CTPT, CT /gin nht v phng php xc nh cc cng thc . 2) K nng: Vn dng gii cc bi tp lp CTPT hp cht hu c. II/ CHUN B CA GIO VIN V HC SINH: 1> Gv: mt s bi tp xc nh ctcp hp cht hu c. 2> Hs: n li phng php phn tch nh tnh, nh lng cc ngt trong HCHC. III/ PHNG PHP : Hng dn, lp lun, trc quan IV/ TIN TRNH DY HC: 1. On nh lp: 2.Kim tra bi c: Gv: Nu pp tin hnh v biu thc tnh ca phn tch nh lng lm bi tp 3/91. 3 Bi mi : Hot ng ca gio vin v hc sinh Ni dung ghi bng

Hot ng 1: Gv: Cho hs nghin cu sgk nm c nh ngha v CTGN. Hs: Nu ngha ca CTGN. Hot ng 2: Gv: Hng dn hs rt ra biu thc v t l s ngt cc ngt trong hchc A. Hs: Lm theo cc bc nh sau. -t CTPT ca A. -Lp t l s mol cc ngt c trong A. -Cho bit mi lin h gia t l mol v t l s ngt CTGN ca A Gv: Ly v d trong sgk cho hs hiu v CTGN. Vd: Hp cht x cho bit % C= 40%, % H= 6,67 %, cn li l oxi, lp cng thc n gin nht ca X. Gv: Yu cu hs lm nh cc bc thit lp CTGN. Hs: t CTPT cu X l CxHyOz. - Lp t l 40 6,67 53,33 : : x:y:z = = = 3,33 : 6,67 : 3,33 12 1 16 - Bin i thnh t l s nguyn n gin: 1:2:1. => CTGN l: CH2O Hot ng 3: Gv: a ra 1 s th d v CTPT: C2H4 C2H4O2, C2H6O Yu cu hs nhn xt v Ctpt. Hs: Rt ra nh ngha. Gv: a ra v d, yu cu hs quan st v nhn xt mgh gia CTPT v CTGN.
Hp cht CTPT Metan etilen Ancoletylic a.axetic Glucoz

I/ Cng thc n gin nht: 1/ nh ngha: -CTGN l CT biu th t l ti gin v ngt ca cc ngt trong phn t. 2/ Cch thit lp CTGN: -Gi CTPT ca hp cht l: CxHyOz (x,y,z: S nguyn dng) -Lp t l : m m m * x:y:z = nC : nH :nO = C : H : O 12 1 16 %C %H %O : : Hoc x:y:z = = a:b:c 12 1 16 =>CTGN ca hp cht: CaHbOC (a,b,c: s nguyn ti gin) *Th d: Sgk

II/ Cng thc phn t: 1/ nh ngha: -CTPT l CT biu th s lng ngt ca mi ngt trong phn t.

2/ Mi qua h gia ctpt v CTGN: CH4 C2H4 C2H6O C2H4O2 C6H12O6 *Nx: CTGN -S ngt ca mi ngt trong CTPT l 1 s CH4 CH2 C2H6O CH2O CH2O nguyn ln s ngt ca n trong CTGN. Hs: nhn xt thng qua bng. -Trong 1 s trng hp:CTPT = CTGN Hot ng 4: -1 S cht c CTPT khc nhau nhng c Gv: Phn tch theo s sgk cng CTN. -Yu cu hs lm v d minh ho Vd: Phenol phtalein c %m: %C = 75,47% , % H = 3/ Cch thit lp CTPT ca HCHC: 4,35%, % O = 20,18%. Khi lng mol phn t ca a/ Da vo thnh phn trm v khi lng cc ngt. phenolphtalein l 318 g/mol. Hy lp CTPT ca n. *Xt s : CxHyOz xC + yH + zO. Hs: gi CxHyOz (x,y,z l s ng/dng) Klg (g) M(g) 12x y 16z x = 318.75,47% = 20 %m 100% C% H% Z%. 12.100% M 12 x y 16 z y = 318.4,35% = 14 = = = *T t l: 1.100% 100 %C %H %O z = 318.20,18 = 4 M.%C M.%H M.%O ,y = ,z = => x = 16.100% 12.100% 100% 16.100% =>CTPT: C20H14O4 *V d: Sgk Hot ng 5: b/ Thng qua CTGN: Gv: Hng dn hs tm ra ctpt t CTGN. -(CaHbOc)n Mx = (12a + 1b + 16c) .n -Yu cu hs xc nh LKPT ca (CaHbOc)n. T xc -Vi a,b,c bit kt hp Mx. nh n v suy ra CTPT. -Tnh c n => CTPT Gv: Minh ho bng th d sgk. *Vd:Sgk Hot ng 6: c/ Tnh trc tip t khi lng sn phm t Gv: Phn tch cch lm tnh trc tip t khi lng

sn phm t chy. Gv: Yu cu hs lm vd sgk.

chy. CxHyOz+(x+y/4z/2)O2 xCO2 + y H2O

2

1mol xmol y/2 mol n n x CO2 nH2O * x = nCO2 , y = 2nH2O n n x x M *Bit X,x,y=>12x+1y+16z =Mx => z = 4. Cng c bi v bi tp v nh: Gv: Cn khc su kin thc trng tm cho hs l pp lp c CTPT hp cht h c. Bi tp v nh: 2,3,4,5,6 sgk/95 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TIT 30: CU TRC PHN T HP CHT HU C. I/ MC TIU BI HC: 1) Kin thc: Hs bit: - Khi nim v cng thc cu to. Ni dung c bn ca thuyt cu to ho hc. ngha ca thuyt cu to ho hc. 2) K nng: Vit CTCT ca cc hp cht hu c. II/ CHUN B CA GIO VIN V HC SINH: 1> Gv: M hnh hoc tranh v v cu trc phn t hu c. 2> Hs: Xem trc bi hc. III/ PHNG PHP: hng dn, nu vn , phn tch. IV/ TIN TRNH DY HC: 1. On nh lp: 2.Kim tra bi c: Gv: yu cu hs lm bi 5,6 trang 95. 3 Bi mi : Hot ng ca gio vin v hc sinh Hot ng 1: Gv: Ly th d ca pt: C3H6 v vit CTCT: CH2 hoc CH3 CH = CH2 Ni dung ghi bng I/ Cng thc cu to: 1/ Khi nim: CTCT l CT biu din th t v cch thc lin

kt (lk n, lk bi) gia cc ngt trong pt. H2C CH2 Gv: Phn tch th d v ctpt, ctct v yu cu hs rut ra khi nim v cu to ho hc. Hs: Nu khi nim v cng thc cu to. Hot ng 2: Gv: Yu cu hs nghin cu sgk: cho bit c my loi cng thc cu to v khi nim ca tng loi cng thc . Hs: C 3 loi -Cng thc cu to khai trin: cc lin kt u biu din trn mt phng. -CTCT thu gn: Cc ngt, nhm ngt cng lin kt vi 1 ngt c vit 1 nhm. -CTCT rt gn nht: ch biu din lk gia cc ngt c v vi nhm chc. Hot ng 3: Gv: T CTPT ca C2H6O vit c nhng CTCT no ? Hs: CH3 _ CH2 _ OH, CH3 _ O _ CH3 Gv: B sung thm v tos, t/c vt l v t/c ho hc ca 2 CTCT trn. Hs: T s so snh trn nu lun im 1.

2/ Cc loi cng thc cu to:

CTCT Khai trin

CTCT Rt gn CTCT Rt gn nht

H H H H-C- C- C-H H C H H H H CH3-CH-CH3 CH3

H H H H H-C- C- C=C H C H HHH CH3-CH-CH=CH2 CH3

II/ Thuyt cu to ho hc: 1/ Ni dung: a/ Lun im 1: sgk vd: Cho CTPT C2H6O c 2 CTCT ho hc Ancol etylic imtyl cte CH3-CH2-OH CH3-O-CH3 ts = 78,3oC ts = - 23oC Tan nhiu trong H2O Tan t trong H2O Tc dng vi natri ko td vi natri b/ Lun im 2: sgk vd: Mch ko nhnh: CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 Mch nhnh : CH3-CH-CH3 CH3 Hot ng 4: mch vng : CH2-CH2 Gv: a ra cc th d v cc ctct ca hp cht CH2-CH2 hu c: Gv: Yu cu hs tr li -Trong cc th d trn, s lin kt m C c th to ra l bao nhiu ? -Hy nhn xt v mch C vi cc ngt ca cc ngt khc. Hs: Tr li Trong phn t hchc, C lun c ho tr 4. Ngt C c th lin kt vi nhau to mch C (khng nhnh, c nhnh, vng) c/ Lun im 3: sgk Hot ng 5: vd: CH4 CCl4 Gv: yu cu hs quan st bng trong sgk, cn c kh lng vo cc thng tin v cc cht v rt ra nhn xt. 2/ ngha : Nhm gii thch hin tng ng Hs: tnh cht ca hchc ph e vo thnh phn pt ng, ng phn. (bn cht v s lg ngt) v cu to ho hc. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TIT 31: CU TRC PHN T HP CHT H C (tt) I/ MC TIU BI HC: 1) Kin thc: Hs bit: Khi nim ng ng, ng phn . S hnh thnh lin kt n, i ba. 2) K nng: Lp c dy ng ng, vit CTCT t cc ng phn ng CTPT. II/ CHUN B CA GIO VIN V HC SINH: 1> Gv: M hnh hoc tranh nh v cu trc phn t hu c: CH4, C2H4, C2H2. 2> Hs: xem li bi c. III/ PHNG PHP : trc quan, hng dn, gi . IV/ TIN TRNH DY HC: 1. On nh lp: 2.Kim tra bi c: Gv: Yu cu hs nhc li 3 lun im v ni dung ca thuyt CT ho hc so snh CTPT v CTCT . Cho th d minh ho. 3 Bi mi : Hot ng ca gio vin v hc sinh Hot ng 1: Gv: Ly th d dy ng ng nh sgk C2H4, C3H6, C4H8. Gv: Yu cu hs -Nhn xt s khc nhau v tp phn t ca mi cht trong tng dy ng ng -CTPT chung ca dy c k hiu ? Hs: Cc cht trong dy ng ng. TPPT hn km nhau 1 hay n nhm CH2 -C cu to ho hc tng t nhau nn c t/c t nhau. -CTPT chung CNH2N Gv: Yu cu hs nu khi nim v ng ng v dy ng ng. Hot ng 2: Gv: Nu vn : Cc cht c TP hn km nhau 1 s nhm CH2 v t/c ho hc tng t nhau th ta c khi nim ng ng. Ni dung ghi bng II/ ng ng, ng phn: 1/ ng ng: a/ Th d: C2H4: CH2 = CH2 C3H6:CH2 = CH-CH3 C4H8:CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 CnH2n -Tp phn t hn km nhau CH2. -C tnh cht tng t nhau (tc l c cu to ho hc tng t nhau) b/ nh ngha: Sgk 2/ ng phn: a/ Th d: CTPT C2H6O Ancol etylic: i mtyl ete CH3-CH2-OH CH3-O-CH3

-Vy nu cc cht c cng CTCT nhng CTCT khc b/ Khi nim: Sgk nhau ta s c khi nim mi no ? *Cc loi ng phn: Gv: a th d c th hnh thnh ng phn. p mch C p v tr lin kt bi p nhm chc Ancoleylic: CH3 _ CH2 _ OH p lp th CTPT: C2H6O imtyl tet: CH3 _ O _ CH3 => Cc cht trn ng ng phn ca nhau. -hs: Nu khi nim ng phn. Gv: Hng dn cho hs nghin cu sgk phn bit cc loi ng phn: p mch c, dp v tr lin kt bi p nhm chc, p lp th. III/ Lin kt ho hc v cu trc phn t Hot ng 3: hp cht hu c. Gv: Thng bo cho hs bit c lk CHT trong hp 1/ Lin kt n lin kt ) cht hu c ch yu. To bi 1 cp e chung. C 2 loi lin kt: lk & v II to lk =, = . Lk rt bn Gv: Yu cu hs -Nu khi nim lk n (&), lk i (II)& ) lin kt ba H (1 & , 2 II) -c im ca lk & , II Vd: pt CH4 HCH Hs: Tr li Gv: Cho hs quan st hnh v CH4, C2H4, C2H2 cng H c cc khi nim lk n, i, ba. 2/ Lin kt ba (1, 2II): Hs: Vn dng xc nh kiu lin kt trong pt CH 4, To bi 3 cp e chung. C2H4, C2H2. Vd: Pt Actilen C2H2 CH = CH 4. Cng c bi v bi tp v nh: Gv: Cng c bi bng bi 5/101 Bi tp v nh: 6,7,8 sgk/ 101 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TIT 32: PHN NG HU C I/ MC TIU BI HC: 1) Kin thc: Hs bit: -Cch phn loi ca phn ng ho hc hu c theo s bin i phn t. -c im ca phn ng ho hc trong ho hc hu c. 2) K nng: Hs phn bit cc phn ng ho hc trong ho hc hu c. II/ CHUN B : Gv: Gio n, phiu hc tp III/ PHNG PHP DY HC: t vn , gi , rt ra kt lun. IV/ TIN TRNH DY HC: 1. On nh lp: 2.Kim tra bi c: Gv: gi 2 hs ln bng lm bi tp s 6 v 8 sgk 3 Bi mi : Hot ng ca gio vin v hc sinh Hot ng 1: Gv: Nhc li cc phn ng thng gp trong phn ng ca cc hp cht v c: p ho hp, p phn hu, p trao i, p th. -Yu cu hs da vo sgk nu cc phn ng gp trong cc hp cht hu c. Hs: P th, p cng, p tch. Hot ng 2: Gv: Ly v d p ca Cl2 vi CH4 v phn ng ca C2H5OH vi CH3COOH v p ca C2H5OH vi HBr. -Yu cu hs ln vit ptp. -Rt ra nhn xt. -Nu nh ngha v p th. Hs: P l p trong 1 ngt hoc nhm ngt trong pt hp cht hu c b thay th bi 1 ngt hoc nhm ngt khc. Hot ng 3: Gv: Ly v d v p cng khi cho: C2H4 p vi Br2, C2H2 p vi HCl. -Yu cu hs ln bng vit ptp. -Nu nhn xt v rt ra nh ngha. Hs: P cng l p trong pt hp cht hu c kt hp vi phn t khc to thnh pt hp cht mi. Hot ng 4: Gv: Ly v d v p tch khi Tch H2O t ancol etylic etilen. -tch H2 t ankan iu ch anken. Gv: Yu cu hs nu nh ngha v p tch. Ni dung ghi bng I/ Phn loi phn ng hu c: Da vo s bin i thnh phn v cu to pt hp cht hu c.

1/ Phn ng th:
askt

*vd 1: CH4 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl *vd2: t o , xt CH3-C[-OH+H]-O-C2O5 CH3-C-OC2H5

P P + H2O O O *Vd3: to C2H5 [OH + H]Br C2H5 Br + H2O => nh ngha: Sgk 2/ Phn ng cng: *Vd1: C2H4 + Br2 C2H4Br2 HgCl2 ,t o *Vd2: C2H2 + HCl C2H3Cl => nh ngha: Sgk

2/ Phn ng tch: *Vd1: H + ,170o C CH2 CH2 CH2 = CH2 + H2O. H OH

Hs: P tch l p trong 2 hay nhiu ngt b tch ra khi phn t hp cht hu c. *Vd2: Gv: B sung thm: Ngoi 3 loi p trn, cn c CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 cc loi p khc nh p phn hu, p ng phn H2 + CH3 CH = CH CH3 to,xt ho, p oxi ho H2+CH2 = CH CH2 CH3 Hot ng 5: => nh ngha: Sgk Gv: M t 2 th nghim trong sgk: II/ c im ca p ho hc trong ho hc Khi trn NaOH + HCl (1) hu c. P este ho ca C2H5OH + CH3COOH (2) -Yu cu hs nhn xt hin tng, so snh v rt ra 1/ Cc p hh trong hu c thng xy ra chm, do cc lk p cc cht hu c t phn kt lun cc nn kh b phn ct. Hs: Tn1: Xy ra ngay lp tc 2/ P hu c thng to ra nhiu sn phm. Tn2: Ko di nhiu gi Gv: P hu c thng to ra nhiu sn phm do cc lk trong pt cht hu c c bn khc nhau khng nhiu nhiu lk cng phn ct. 4. Cng c bi v bi tp v nh: Gv: Cng c bi bng cch cho hs lm bi tp 2 sgk/105 Bi tp v nh: 1,3,4 sgk/105. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TIT 33: LUYN TP: HP CHT HU C, CTPT & CTCT. I/ MC TIU BI HC: 1) Kin thc:cng c cc kin thc - Hp cht hu c : Khi nim; Phn loi; ng ng, ng phn; Lin kt trong phn t - Phn ng ca hp cht hu c. 2) K nng: Rn luyn gii cc bi tp: Xc nh CTPT, CTCT ca 1 s cht HC n gin. Nhn dng 1 vi loi p ca cc cht hu c n gin. II/ CHUN B :

1> Gv: H thng cu hi v bi tp 2> Hs: Chun b cc bi tp sgk III/ PHNG PHP: Hot ng theo nhm, hng dn IV/ TIN TRNH DY HC: 1. On nh lp: 2.Kim tra bi c: Kim tra s chun b bi tp ca hs 3 Bi mi : Hot ng ca gio vin v hc sinh Hot ng 1: Gv: T chc cho hs n tp v khi nim hchc, thnh phn cc ngt trong pt hchc. -Pht phiu hc tp 1 Ba 1: Hy vit 1 s vd v hchc , hcvc t a ra khi nim v hchc. Bi 2: Hy vit 1 s CTTQ biu din hchc, t trnh by v thnh phn cc ngt trong hchc. Hs: Cx Hy, Cx Hy Oz, Cx Hy Oz Nt, Cx Hy Clz. Hot ng 2: Gv: T chc cho hs n tp phn loi hchc. Bi 3: Chia cc cht sau y thnh 2 loi chnh v t tn gi. C3H8, C5H12, CH3Cl, C6H12O6, CH3COOH. Hot ng 3: Gv: T chc cho hs n tp v lin kt trong pt hchc. Bi 5: C nhng lk no trong cc hchc sau. CH3 _ CH2 _ CH2 _ CH2 _ CH3 CH3 _ C = C _ CH2 _ CH3 CH3 _ CH = CH CH2 CH3 CH2 = CH CH2 C = CH Hs:lk - ,= , = : lk CHT Hot ng 4: Gv: T chc cho hs n v cc loi CT biu din p hchc. Bi 6: Hy k cc mi tn th hin quan h gia cc n v kin thc sau. Pt nh tnh ct chung ng ng. Ni dung ghi bng I/ Kin thc cn nm vng: Sgk

II/ Bi tp: Bi 1: Hidro Cacbon: C6H6 Dn xut hidro cacbon: Cc cht cn li. Bi 2: % O = 100% - (% C + % H) = 17,98% Gi Ctpt Hchc: CxHyOz %C %H %O = = = 11:14 : 2 x:y:z = 12 1 16 Pt nh lng. => CTGN : C11 H14 O2. Ctpt c dng: (C 11 H14 O2)n = 178 => n = 1 Vy ctpt: C11 H14 O2 CTGN CTPT CTCTng phn. Bi 4: Chn A Hot ng 5: Bi 5: Gv: T chc cho hs n tp v cc loi p ho C3H8O: CH3 CH2 CH2 OH hc hay gp trong hhc CH3 CH OH Bi 7: Trong hh hu c thng gp nhng loi p no ? hy nu c im ca tng loi p . CH3 Hot ng 6: C4H10 O:CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 OH Gv: Cho hs lm ln lt cc bi tp sau. CH3 CH CH2 CH3 Bi 1/107 OH Bi 2/107 CH3 CH CH2 OH Gv: Hng dn c th CH3

B1: Xc nh tp % cc ngt metylogenol. B2: Lp CT n gin nht ca M B3: lp CTCT thng qua CTGN. Bi 4/107 Bi 5/107

CH3 CH3 C OH CH3 Bi 6: ng ng: C3 H7 OH: C4 H9 OH ng phn:CH3 O C2H5, C2H5-O-C2H5 Bi 7: P th: a,d P cng b P tch c Bi 8: Ni, t O a/ C2H4 + H2 C2H6 600O C 3C2H2 C6H6 C C2H5OH+O2(kk) CH3COOH+H2O 25 300 C
men giam

Bi 6/107 Bi 7/107

Bi 8/107 4. Cng c bi : -K nng gii bi tp lp CTPT -Cch vit pthh ca cc loi p. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TIT 34: N TP HC K I I/ MC TIU BI HC: 1) Kin thc: Hs nm c: phn c s l thuyt ho hc Chng I: s in li -H thng ho nhng khi nim c bn: s in, axt, baz, mui hiroxit lng tnh, ph, phn ng trao i ion trong dd cht in li. 2) K nng: Rn luyn gii cc bi tp phn in li. II/ CHUN B CA GIO VIN V HC SINH: 1> Gv: H thng cu hi, phiu hc tp, bi tp p dng. 2> Hs: n li l thuyt v gii cc bi tp sgk/sch bi tp. III/ PHNG PHP : Lp bng tng kt, tho lun nhm IV/ TIN TRNH DY HC: 1. On nh lp: 2.Kim tra bi c: 3 Bi mi : Hot ng ca gio vin v hc sinh Hot ng 1: Gv:Cho hs tho lun theo ni dung ca phiu hc tp s 1. -Th no l s in li, k tn cc cht in li. -Khi nim v: Axt, baz, mui, hiro xt lng tnh theo thuyt in li. Cho v d minh ho. -Nu cng thc c lin quan n PH. -Nu iu kin xy ra p trao i gia cc ion Ni dung ghi bng I/ h thng ho kin thc: *Chng I: 1/ S in li: -Cht li mnh: Axt, Bazo, mui. -Cht li yu: Axit v Bazo yu. 2/ Axt, baz, mui, hidroxt lng tnh. 3/ PH: 4/ iu kin xy ra p trao i gia cc ion

trong dd. Hs: Trnh by ni dung tho lun ca nhm, cc nhm trao i, nhn xt, b sung. Gv: Cng c cc kin thc, nhn mch phn trng tm ca bi n tp. Hot ng 2: Gv: a ra cc dng bi tp c lin quan n chng I. Hs: Ghi nhn.

trong dd.

II/ Bi tp: 1/ Vit phng trnh in li ca cc cht. 2/ Tnh nng mol ca cc ion trong dd cht in li. 3/Tnh[H+],[OH-],PH,d on mi trng 4/ Vit pt phn t, pt ion y , pt ion rt gn. Hot ng 3: III/ Bi tp p dng: Gv: Cho hs lm bi tp 1: Bi 1: Vit pt in li Vit pt in li ca cc cht sau. K2CrO4 2K+ + CrO42K2CrO4, HCN, H2SO4, Pb(OH)2. NA2HPO4 HCN H+ + CNHs: Trnh by. H2SO4 H+ + HSO4HSO4- H+ + SO42Pb(OH)2 Pb2+ + 2OHPb(OH)2 PbO22- + 2H+ Na2HPO4 2Na+ + HPO42HPO42- H+ + PO43Hot ng 4: Bi 2: -Pt in li Gv: Cho hs lm bi tp 2 KOH K+ + OHTnh PH ca dd sau khi trn 100ml dd KOH 0,25 HCl H+ + Clvi 400ml dd HCl 0,05 M (coi th tch dd thay H+ + OH- H2O. i khng ng k). - n KOH = n OH = 0,1 x 0,25 = 0,025 mol. Hs: Tho lun nhm, ri trnh by. =>[KOH]=[OH-]=0,05 (mol/l) -nHCl=nH+= 0,4 x 0,05 = 0,020 mol =>[HCl] = n[H+] = 0,04 (M) => [OH+] > [H+]: Mt baz -[OH-] d = 0,05 0,04 = 0,01 (M) => [H+] = 10 -12 (M) => PH = -lg [H+] = - lg 10 -12 = 12 Bi 3: Hot ng 5: a/Fe(NO3)3+3KOH3KNO3+Fe(OH)3 Gv: Cho hs lm bi tp 3: 3+ Vit pt dng phn t v ion rt gn ca cc p Fe + 3OH Fe(OH)3 b/ FeS + 2HCl H2S + FeCl2 trong dd gia cc cp cht. Hs: Tho lun nhm, ri trnh by. FeS + 2H+ H2S + Fe2+ a/Fe(NO3)3 + KOH c/ HClO + KOH KClO + H2O b/FeS + HCl HClO + OH- H2O + ClOc/ HClO + KOH d/ CuSO4 + Na2S Na2SO4 + CuS d/ CuSO4 + Na2S. Cu2+ +S2- CuS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TIT 35: N TP HC K I (tt) I/ MC TIU BI HC: 1) Kin thc: Hs nm: Phn phi kim chng 2: nit v p v cHng 3; cacbon silic. 2) K nng:Rn k nng gii cc bi tp ho hc v hot ng theo nhm. II/ CHUN B CA GIO VIN V HC SINH: 1> Gv: H thng cc cu hi v bi tp, phiu hc tp. 2> Hs: Chun b bi n tp nh. III/ PHNG PHP : Nu vn , hng dn, hot ng nhm IV/ TIN TRNH DY HC: 1. On nh lp: 2.Kim tra bi c: 3 Bi mi : Hot ng ca gio vin v hc sinh Hot ng 1: Gv: Cho hs tho lun vi ni dung trong phiu hc tp. 1. So snh nit photpho v cacbon silic. -c im cu to ngt v lkhh. -Tnh cht vt l, ho hc ca cc n cht nit, P,C, Si v hp cht ca chng. -Hin tng th hnh P v C. 2. Vai tr ca N P v C-Si i vi cng, nng nghip. Hs: Tho lun nhm, ri c i din trnh by. Hot ng 2: Gv: Cng c li cc dng bi tp tng hp cho hs t n tp. Hs: Ghi nhn Gv: B sung v nhn mnh phn trng tm ca cc chng: 1 kim loi HNO3 (c, long) + 2 kim loi Kl + 1 oxt kl. Hot ng 3: Gv: Cho hs lm bi 1: Bng p2 ho hc phn bit cc mui. Na3PO4, NaCl, NaBr, Na2S, NaNO3. Nu r hin tng dng phn bit v vit Ni dung ghi bng I/ H thng ho kin thc: 1/ Chng 2: Nit v photpho 2/ Chng 3: Cacbon v silic

II/ Cc dng bi tp: -Vit chui bin ho: -Nhn bit dd (ion NO3-,PO4 3-,Cl-, SO42-) -Bi ton: Tnh n, m, CM, V -Tnh % v khi lng, C% Xc nh tn kim loi, phi kim. Bi 1: -Ly mi mui 1 t vo tng ng n, thm vo H2O ho tan mui, nh dd AgNO3 vo tng ng no. +Dd no c trng ko tan axt mnh: Th l

PTHH ca cc p. Hs: Suy ngh v tr li.

dd NaCl. NaCl+AgNO3AgCl (trng) +NaNO3 +Dd no c vng nht ko tan axt mnh th l dd NaBr. NaBr+AgNO3 AgBr + NaNO3 (vng nht) +Dd no co en th l dd Na2S.

Hot ng 4: Gv: Cho hs lm bi 2 Cho cc cht sau: Ca3(PO4)2, P2O5,P H3PO4, NaH2PO4, NH4H2PO4, Na3PO4, Ag3PO4. Hy lp 1 dy bin ho gia cc cht vit cc pt ho hc. Hs: Suy ngh v trnh by.

Na2S+2AgNO3Ag2S (en)+NaNO3 +Dd no c vng tan trong axt mnh th l dd Na3PO4. Na3PO4 +3AgNO3Ag3PO4 +3NaNO3. (vng) +Dd khng c hin tng g l dd NaNO3. Bi 2: *Dy chuyn ho gia cc cht: Ca3(PO4)2PP2O5H3PO4NH4H2PO4 Ag3PO4 NaPO4 NaH2PO4 *Cc phng trnh ho hc: 2000o C Ca3(PO4)2+3SiO2+5Cl 2P + 3CaSiO3 + 5CO. to 4P + 5O2 2P2O5 P2O5 + 3H2O 2H3PO4 H3PO4 + NH3 NH4H2PO4 NH4H2PO4+NaOHNaH2PO4+NH3+H2O Hot ng 5: NaH2PO4 + 2NaOH Na3PO4 + 2H2O Gv: Cho hs lm bi 3: Chia m gam hh A gm Cu v Fe thnh 2 phn Na3PO4+3AgNO3 Ag3PO4 + 3NaNO3 Bi 3: bng nhau: a/ Phng trnh ho hc ca cc p: Phn 1: Cho t/d vi dd HCl d thu -Phn 1: ch c Fe t/d vi HCl H2: c 4,48 lit kh (ktc) n H2 = 0, 2 mol Phn 2: Cho t/d vi dd HNO3 c, nng d thu c 17,92 lit kh c mu nu Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 (ktc) v ddB. 0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2 (mol) a/ Tnh m? - Phn 2: b/ Nu c cn ddB ri nung cht rn thu c Fe + 6HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O (1) ti khi lng khng i th thu c bao 0,2 0,2 0,6 (mol) nhiu gam cht rn khan ? Bao nhiu lit hh Cu + 4HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O (2) kh C (ktc) ? y y 2y (mol) c/ Dn hh kh C tht chm qua 0,8 lit nc 17,92 = 0,8 mol = 2y + 0,6 d. Tnh nng ca sn phm to thnh nu a/ n NO2 = 22, 4 hiu sut ca phn ng l 75%. y = 0,1 mol Hs: Tho lun nhm trnh by Gv: nhn xt v b sung thm: c th gii bi Vy: m = 2( 56.0,2 + 64.0,1) = 35,2g ton trn bng cch p dng: b/ C cn ddB thu c: Fe(NO3)3, Cu(NO3)2. 2Fe(NO3)3 Fe2O3 + 6NO2 + 3/2 O2 e nhuong = e nhan 0,2 0,1 0,6 0,15 (mol) Hs: vn dng lm Cu(NO3)2 CuO + 2NO2 + O2 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,05 (mol) mrn khan = 0,1(160 + 80) = 24 g Vkh = (0,6 + 0,15 + 0,2 + 0,05).22,4 = 22,4 lit c/ 4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O 4HNO3

0,8

0,2

0,8

M H = 75% C M (HNO3 )

(mol) 0,8.75 = = 0, 75M 0,8.100