Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B

LI NI U

Trong cng cuc xy dng v pht trin ca t nc, ngnh in lc Vit Nam l mt ngnh c v tr rt quan trng. Cung cp nng lng v thc y qu trnh sn xut, kinh doanh ca tt c cc ngnh kinh t khc trong nn kinh t quc dn. S pht trin ca ngnh in lc cng nh gi s pht trin, tin b ca ton x hi. Vi nhng c trng ring ca mnh l sn xut v tiu th phi i i vi nhau. Do p ng tt gia cung v cu th i hi ngnh in phi c s pht trin hp l: Va c kh nng p ng nhng nhu cu hin ti va phi c s chun b cho tng lai. V vy khng nhng ngnh in l ng lc cho cc ngnh kinh t khc m chnh ngnh in cng phi hin i ho qu trnh sn xut sm nht kp thi cung cp cho t nc nhng ngun in nng c cht lng cao. Nh my nhit in Ung B mt l nh my c cng sut ln do Nga gip xy dng, qua 40 nm sn xut, nh my cung cp cho li in quc gia gn 4 t KWh in v cng ang trong qu trnh hin i ho sn xut tng khu, tng khu vc ca dy truyn sn xut in. ng gp mt phn khng nh vo cng cuc hin i ha t nc. Sau thi gian 7 tun thc tp ti nh my nhit in Ung B , bng nhng kin thc c trang b trn ging ng chng em c c hi tip xc, lm quen vi cng vic ca nh my nhit in Ung B theo cng hng dn ca khoa Cng ngh t ng. Tuy nhin do thi gian c hn v kh nng kin thc ca bn thn cn hn ch, v vy bn bo co thc tp ca em khng trnh khi nhng thiu st, chng em rt mong nhn c s ch bo ca thy c trong khoa.

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Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B

MC LC
NI DUNG
Trang

Li ni u .01 CHNG 1: TM HIU CNG NGH NH MY NHIT IN UNG B

1.1

Tng quan nh my..

...04 1.1.1 M hnh nh my...04 1.1.2 Gii thiu chung v nh my.04 1.1.3 Nhng quy nh an ton lao ng ti cng ty nhit in Ung B.06 1.1.4 Gii thiu chung v t my 300MW.........09 1.1.5 Cc h thng v thit b chnh trong nh my...12 1.2 L hi v cc thit bi ph ca nh my12 1.2.1 L hi.12 1.2.2 Cc thit b ph ca l hi.15 1.3 Gii thiu v Turbine hi..16 1.4 H thng iu khin v gim st nh my17 1.5 H thng ch bin than.18 CHNG 2: GII THIU H THNG IU KHIN MC NC BAO HI 2.1 iu khin mc nc trong bao hi..21 2.1.1 Vai tr v nhim v ca vic iu chnh mc nc trong bao hi21 2.1.2 Tm quan trng ca b iu khin mc nc trong bao hi.21 2.1.3 Nguyn l hot ng......22 2.2 Bao hi..24 2.2.1 Cc b tr sp t trong bao hi.24 2.2.2 Nguyn l vn hnh...25 2.2.3 Yu cu i vi iu khin mc nc bao hi......26

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Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B

2.3 Cc phng thc iu khin..26 2.3.1 Ch iu khin mc nc 3 phn t.27 2.3.2 Ch iu khin theo chnh p hai u van iu khin.28 2.4 Cc thit b iu khin......29 2.4.1 H thng iu khin mc...29 2.4.2 Thit b iu khin v o lng.32 2.4.2.1 Van iu khin...32 2.4.2.2 Gii thiu v cc loi cm bin.33 2.5 Quy trnh iu khin mc nc bao hi...38 CHNG 3: IU KHIN MC NC BAO HI BNG PLC S7-200 3.1.1 Nhng tin ch ca PLC S7 200.....39 3.1.2 La chn thit b iu khin..39 3.2 Cc yu cu i vi iu khin mc nc bao hi trong nh my in......43 3.3 Thng s k thut iu khin mc...44 3.4 Lu thut ton iu khin mc nc bao hi.47 3.5 Chng trnh iu khin..49 3.5.1 Tn hiu vo/ ra.... 49 3.5.2 Chng trnh iu khin.. 49 Kt lun. Ti liu tham kho.

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Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B

Chng 1: TM HIU CNG NGH NH MY NHIT IN UNG B 1.1 Tng quan v nh my 1.1.1 M hnh nh my

Hnh 1-1: M hnh nh my nhit in Ung B

1.1.2

Gii thiu v nh my

Nh my nhit in Ung b cch th H ni khong 130km v hng ng. Nh my in c thnh lp t nhng nm 70 ca th k XX. Tng din tch ca nh my l 320.342m2 trong 111.300m2 l dnh cho nh my nhit in Ung B m rng v cc khu vc thi cng. Nh my kt ni vi li in ti sn phn phi 220/110KV v u vi trm bin p Bc ng trng bch. Ngun nguyn liu chnh cho nh my l than cm 5, than cm 6 c ly t m Vng Danh, du FO c vn chuyn bng thuyn i qua sng Ung cp cho nh my ti trm bm du t ti Ung B Cng sut ca nh my l 300MW vi 1 Turbine. D n c thc hin theo hnh thc hp ng EPC. + i din ch u t: Ban qun l d n nhit in 1(EVN).

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Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B

+ T vn cho ch u t: Cng ty c phn t vn xy dng in 1. + Tng thu EPC: Cng ty LILAMA Vit Nam. + T vn tng thu: nh thu Electrowwatekono. STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 I1 Tn gi thu M1 M2 M3 M4, 5, 6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 M12 M13 M14 M15 M16 M17 M18 E1 E2 EB01 M t L hi v cc thit b ph Turbine-my pht v cc thit b H thng ng cng ngh ni b nh my H thng nc kh khong, x l nc thi. H thng cp v d than ng st Trm bm nc tun hon v h thng sx clorine Trm kh nn H thng x l nc tro x H thng kh lu hunh H thng cu ha H thng sn xut hidro H thng cha du nhin liu Cung cp xe cu ha cu thng Cung cp xe t Cung cp cc thit b xng sa cha H thng cp hi khi ng Sn phn phi 220/110KV My bin p chnh 353 H thng in thuc phn cn bng nh my H thng TTLL H thng iu khin gim st tch hp Tn gi thu Powermachine Powermachine Thai rotury Gsukoshan FAM Torshima Atlascopco CPC Kawasaki Cng ty thng long Vit nam Stuard energy Thaitory Cng ty sunivy Cng ty sunivy Cng ty sunivy Vin nhit lnh AVERA Sumitomo ABB HTI ABB Xut x Nga Nga Thi lan Thi lan c Nht bn Vitnam- M Vit nam Nht bn Vit nam Canada Thi lan Vit nam Vit nam Vit nam HBKHNVN Singapore Nht bn Singapore Vit nam Singapore

THNG S K THUT CA NH MY

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Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B

Cng sut thit k Sn lng in T l in t dng Hiu xut kh bi L hi: Kiu Nng sut hi 920 17,6 543 AT 920 tn/h 300(MW) 742 triu kwh 10,15% 99%

p sut trong bao hi 194,7 ata p sut hi ra khi l 176 ata Nhit hi qu nhit Hiu sut Tua bin: Kiu: K300-170-1P 300 (MW) 90 ata 543oC 86,05%

Cng sut nh mc: p sut hi vo Turbine:

Nhit hi vo Turbine: 535oC My pht: Kiu Cng sut Tc 1.1.3. TBB-320-3T3 300 (MW) 3000 vng / pht

Nhng quy nh an ton lao ng ti cng ty nhit in Ung B

1. Tt c cn b, cng nhn vin, hc sinh n nh my cng tc, thc tp u phi chp hnh nghim chnh v an ton trong nh my cng ty. 2. Khi n cng tc phi hc tp quy trnh an ton v kim tra t kt qu th mi c vo v tr cng tc. 3. Ch nhng ngi khe mnh do y bc s c thm quyn xc nhn v sau khi st hch quy trnh an ton t kt qu mi c vo nh my. Page 6 of 54

Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B

4. Khi vo nh my phi thc hin y trang b bo h lai ng nh i dp c quay hu, i dy c dy buc chc chn, u i m cng an ton, qun o gn gng, cm i guc, dp l vo cng ty. 5. Vo v tr cng tc cm i li lung tung sang cc b phn khc ngoi phm vi quy nh. 6. Khi lm vic trn cao phi tuyt i chp hnh y cc bin php an ton: Thang, dy an tonV tt c u phi c kim tra trc khi cng tc. 7. Ch c php lm vic khi v tr cng tc c nh sng v bin php an ton. 8. Khi lm vic iu kin mi trng m t, cc thit b dn in bng kim loi ch c php dng in nh sng vi in p 12V. 9. Khi lm vic trong cc v tr cht hp, kn nh cc ging su, ng ng tun hon, ng khi trong cc b knth i cng tc t nht phi c 3 ngi. Trong c 1 ngi ng gc ca gim st an ton nhng ngi lm vic bn trong. V tr cng tc phi c thng gi v khng c kh c. 10. Ch cho php lm vic mi trng c nhit di 40c. 11. Khi cng tc cc v tr khng m bo an ton th phi c phiu cng tc.V phi chp hnh nghim chnh an ton nh ghi trn phiu cng tc. 12. Cm ng i in, ng lu ni c p sut, nhit cao. Khi cn cng tc ni phi thc hin cc bin php an ton nh; Gang tay, knh mt, mt l 13. Cm ht thuc, cm dng la nhng ni d chy n nh: Kho xng, kho du, nh iu ch hidro. 14. Khi cc loi cht lng, cht kh, v cht mang in bc chy th cm dng nc dp la m phi dng CO2 i vi cc thit b in, xng du th dng ct v bt. Khi thit b ang quay bc chy th cm dng ct dp la. 15. Cm ng di vt nng ang cheo, cm cheo nhng vt nng ni c ngi qua li. Khi cn cng tc phi c phiu cng tc, ban m phi c bin bo, ro chn. 16. Cm t ng ng m cc cu dao in, cc cng tc, cu ch, cc van hi, van nc, van du, van kh v cc ca ngi chui trong cc bung kh. Page 7 of 54

Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B

17. Khi dng thang phi chc chn. Cm lm vic lc thang trn cng, cm 2 ngi cng lm trn 1thang. 18. Cm ngi trn lan can, tay vn, khng c ro chn d. 19. Cm sa cha trn cc b phn quay ca thit b ang lm vic. 20. Cm t sa cha in 1 mnh. Khi cn phi gi th sa cha. 21. i lm vic theo ca phi ng ng gi quy nh, khng giao ca cho ngi say ru, bia. 22. Cc ti liu quan trng ca cng ty khng c cho ngi khng c trch nhim xem. 23. Nht k vn hnh phi c gi gn cn thn. Khng ty xa 24. Trong v tr cng tc cm dng m hn in cc v tr ly la. 25. Tt c mi ngi phi hc cch s cu ngi khi tai nn in git gy ra. 26. Khi xy ra tai nn in git phi cp cu kp thi v bo co cho ngi c trch nhim bit. 27. Tt c mi ngi u phi chp hnh nghim chnh tt c nhng iu trn.

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Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B

1.1.4.

Gii thiu chung v t my 300MW

Hnh 1-2: Chu trnh nhit chnh ca nh my

Hi nc i vo trong bnh ngng s c trao i nhit vi h thng nc tun hon i trong cc ng s lm cho hi trong bnh ngng t li thnh nc. Nc sau khi ra khi bnh ngng s vo u ht bm ngng v c bm ln kh kh qua gia nhit h p. Nc qua gia nhit h p s c gia nhit bng hi t ca trch Turbine h p v nhit ca nc tng ln. Nc sau khi qua cc bnh gia nhit h p s c a n bnh kh kh. bnh kh kh nc s c kh cc tp kh c nh hng n s ph hu v n mn kim loi. Nc sau khi qua kh kh s i qua gia nhit cao p y nc c gia nhit mt ln na tng nhit bng hi ly t turbine cao p.

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Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B

Sau khi i qua gia nhit cao p nc c i n b hm, ti y tn dng nhit lng ca khi thot tng nhit nc ln mt cp na trc khi a vo bao hi. Nc trong bao hi c a xung cc ng ng sinh hi, ti y nc c un chuyn tip t nc sang hi. Hi c a ln bao hi to thnh hi bo ho kh. Hi bo ho kh ny li tip tc c a sang b qu nhit (cc b qu nhit tn dng lng nhit ca khi thi) to thnh hi qu nhit a sang Turbine cao p sinh cng quay Turbine. Hi sau khi sinh cng Turbine cao p, hi c a tr v l hi qua ng ti nhit lnh. Ti l hi, hi c gia nhit m bo thng s nhit v p sut v s c a n Turbine trung p theo ng ti nhit nng, sau khi sinh cng ti Turbine trung p hi tip tc c a n Turbine h p v sau khi sinh cng hi c thot v bnh ngng. Turbine c ni ng trc vi my pht in, khi Turbine quay my pht cng quay theo v to ra in nng. S trn l s chu trnh nhit tng quan, trn mn hnh giao din vn hnh s chu trnh nhit ca t my 300MW nh my in Ung b m rng.

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Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B

Hnh 1-3 : S cng ngh ca nh my

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Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B

1.1.4. Cc h thng v thit b chnh trong nh my. - L hi v cc thit b ph. - H thng in nh my. - H thng o lng v iu khin. - Turbine my pht. - H thng x l v vn chuyn than. - H thng x l v vn chuyn vi. - H thng x l v vn chuyn tro x. - H thng cp nc v x l nc. - H thng du t. - H thng nc thi. 1.2 L hi v cc thit b ph. 1.2.1 L hi. L hi kiu 920 17,6 543 AT Kiu ca nh sn sut T E 318/CO) c cung cp sn xut hi qu nhit t vic t than Antraxite ca Vit Nam. L hi c thit k vn hnh trong t my cng Tuabin hi c cng sut 300 MW. Cc thng s k thut ca l hi Cng sut hi Cc thng s hi chnh danh nh + p sut trong bao hi + p sut hi ra khi l + Nhit Cc thng s hi ti nhit cng sut nh mc + p sut + Nhit hi ti nhit lnh vo l + Nhit hi ti nhit nng ra khi l + Lu lng Nhit tr thp ca nhin liu Tng lng than tiu th Nhit nc cp Nhit nc cp c th chp nhn khi lm vic ch t/h kgf/m kgf/m
o

920 194,7 176 543 41,6 337 543 818,57 4961 137,6 254 160

kgf/m
o o

C C

t/h Kcal/kg Tn/gi o C o C

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Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B

tun hon nh k Nhit khi thi ra khi l H s khng kh tha Hiu sut ca l hi 85% cng sut hi danh nh.
Qut khi

Hnh 1-4: S l hi 920 17,6 543 AT

Cc thng s khc:

Nc cp vo l

Kch thc ca bung t: 21,8m 12,8m 58 m Th tch ca bung t: 11806 m cao tm bao hi: 68 m (so vi cos 0m ca nh my)
Lc bi

ng sut nhit th tch ca bung la: q 60 x 10 kcal/ mh. Nhin liu rn l than antraxit: Cc thnh phn nh sau ( %) C = 58,98% H = 1,09% N = 0,85% O = 1,14% S = 0,85%. W = 9,40% A= 27,69% Qtlv= 4961 Kcal/kg

+ Hm lng cc bon: + Hm lng Hydro + Hm lng Nit + Hm lng Oxy

Hi sang tua bin

+ Hm lng Lu hunh + m + tro

Nhit tr thp

Bao hi

Bung t

in

tnh

Qut gi

C %

122 1,3 87,66

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Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B

L hi bao gm cc thnh phn chnh sau:

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Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B

- Bung t c to bi cc vch ng kiu ng mng c hn kn trong c b tr sp xp, un ng lp t: 16 vi t vch trc v vch sau ca bung t v c b tr thnh 2 tng, 8 vi t ph, cc l chui ngi v l kim tra. mng. ng khi i xung (phn ui l) Bao hi B qu nhit tng trn B qu nhit i lu cao p bao gm 3 cp B qu nhit i lu h p B qu nhit bc x h p B qu nhit bc x cao p B hm nc B sy khng kh kiu ng B trao i nhit hi hi Cc ng ng hi v nc c cc van cch ly, van iu chnh v van Cc ng gi v ng khi dng cho vic cung cp gi ti cc vi Cc ng hi chnh v hi ti nhit. Cc thit b o lng Cc thit b iu khin, lin ng v bo v t ng. Cc thnh phn thit b khng bao gm trong phm vi cung cp ca Cc vi thi bi Cc thit b ra l B sy khng kh s b dng hi. ng chuyn tip khi c to bi cc dn ng qu nhit kiu ng

1.2.2 Cc thit b ph ca l hi. an ton c lp t. t v ht khi a ti ng khi.

nh sn xut (qut khi, qut gi .v.v..)

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Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B

1.3 Gii thiu Turbine hi Kiu K300-170-1P vn hnh vi hai ng i tt (Bypass) v s dng cho vic dn ng My pht in TBB-320-3T3 do Cng ty c phn ELEKTROSILA sn xut vn hnh vi tc quay 50 s-1 (3000vng/pht). Tuabin l mt t hp trc n bao gm 3 xylanh: HPC, IPC, LPC. Cc thng s chnh ca tuabin gi tr nh mc 303 MW: Thng s G0 P0 T0 Tbehind HPC Pbehind PHC Prh Trh PK TB GB Tuabin c 6 ca trch hi khng iu cp. n v S lng T/h 848,2 KG/cm2 171 0 C 538 0 C 329,7 2 KG/cm 41,05 KG/cm2 37,76 0 C 538 2 KG/cm 0,065 0 C 26 3 M /h 38580 chnh cho vic gia nhit, hi nhit nc- ngng nc

Hnh 1-5: Cu to ca Turbine hi (1): Thn Turbine (2): Roto Turbine (3): trc (4): ng phun (5): Cnh ng

1.4

H thng diu khin v gim st ca nh my

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Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B

Nh my c trang b mt h thng iu khin v gim st tch hp (ICMS) thc hin cc chc nng: iu khin v gim st qu trnh vnh hnh ca l hi tua bin v cc thit b ph ,iu khin phi hp l hi tua bin ,bo v l hi tua bin my pht iu khin v gim st cc h thng ph tr thuc phn cn bng nh my. Cu trc ca h thng iu khin v gim st tch hp bao gm cc trm iu khin c b tr phn tn da trn c s cc b iu khin loi vi x l do hng ABB cp v cc h thng iu khin c lp v s dng b iu khin logic kh trnh. H thng iu khin gim st (ICMS-intergrated control monitoring system) h thng ny bao gm: + H thng iu khin gim st khi t my c gi l (UCMS- unit control monitoring system) + H thng iu khin gim st phn chung ca nh my c gi l (SCMSstation control monitor system) Cc h thng hot ng c lp vi khi t my c iu khin v gim st c lp hon ton t cc t iu khin c lp s dng b iu khin logic kh trnh PLC c th nh sau h thng x l nc v kh khong v x l nc thi, h thng cp than, h thng x l tro x, h thng x l hidro trm kh nn, h thng thi bi l Ton b vic iu khin v gim st qu trnh vn hnh nh my c thc hin t phng iu khin chnh t ti nh iu khin trung tm. Trong phng iu khin chnh ny c b tr cc thit b chnh sau: + 5 trm lm vic vn hnh vi mn hnh i iu khin v gim st cc h thng thit b thuc khi t my + 2 trm lm vic vn hnh vi mn hnh i iu khin v gim st qu trnh vn hnh cc h thng thuc phn chung ca nh my dng thit b chnh khi h thng iu khin h thng + H thng truyn hnh mch kn theo di ngn la bung t v qu trnh vn hnh cc h thng.

Cc bng iu khin ph: Ngoi ra ti mt s nh my c b tr mt trm lm vic vn hnh vi mn hnh n t ti phng iu khin ti ch vic iu khin v gim st qu trnh vn

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Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B

hnh ca h thng cng ngh ny c thc hin t mn hnh MMI ca cc trm vn hnh ,chi tit c th nh sau :

S TT

Tn h thng

S lng trm lm vic 4 trm (2 mn hnh n ) 3 trm (3 mn hnh n ) 2 trm (2 mn hnh n) 2 trm (2 mn hnh n) 2 trm (hai mn hnh n)

1 H thng x l nc ,kh khong ,x l nc thi 2 H thng cp than 3 H thng d than ng st 4 H thng kh lu hunh v kh bi tnh in 5 H thng x l tro x

6 H thng sn xut hidro

2 trm (hai mn hnh n)

Hin nay nh my ang pht cng sut 260mw pht in ln li ca EVN

1.5 H thng ch bin than. Nguyn liu chnh ca nh my nhit inUng B l than c vn chuyn t cc m than v nh my bng ng sng v ng st, sau than c chuyn vo kho than nguyn trong cc l bng h thng bng ti v t kho than nguyn nh my cp than nguyn nh my cp than nguyn than c a xung my nghin than. Trong my nghin than c sy nng bng gi nng c t 0 = 4000C. Gi ny c ly t qut gi thi i qua cc b sy khng kh lp phn ui l. Trong thng nghin than c nghin nh nh c bi v tm ln sng hn hp than v khng kh nng sau c qut ti bt ht v b phn ly than th ti y nhng ht than to khng thng ni ng nng li quay tr v thng nghin nghin li cn nhng ht than nh d quy chun c a ln phn ly than mn nh c kho kh tch than ra khi hn hp than v khng kh t y than c a v kho than bt hay cc vt truyn than bt a n cc l khc. Trong hn hp kh nng c tch ra sau phn ly than mn cn 1 lng 15 % than bt mn nh qut ti bt a vo l bng 4 vi gi cp 3 tit kin lng than ny.

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Than bt trong kho than bt c a vo ng dn than nh c cc my cp cm vic vn chuyn than bt t kho than bt n cc vi t chnh nh c hn hp kh nng c nhit t 0 = 4000C. Cc thng s k thut ca h thng ch bin than: ng c ca my cp than nguyn: Loi ng c A112MB6T2 Cng sut: 4 kW in p: 400 V

- S vng quay: 1000 V/ pht.

My nghin than: My nghin bi 370/850, c thit k nghin than Antraxit, Bitum, Than nu v cc loi khong cht khc c c ht ln hn 25mm tr thnh bt than s dng trong cc nh my nhit in. N c thit k lm vic lin tc trong h thng chun b than bt. My nghin 370/850 bao gm thn thng nghin hnh tr, hai u bt kn bng thnh dy, vnh bnh rng, cc ng dn, b bnh rng truyn ng, khp ni mm, Vic nghin nhin liu trong my nghin c thc hin bng nhng c p lin tip ca cc vin bi thp trong thng nghin, chng va p, ln trt vo nhau v thc hin vic nghin nh nhin liu. Thng s ca my nghin c gii thiu trong bng di y: Tn cc tham s chnh 1. Nng sut danh nh, T/h 2. Tn s quay danh nh, v/pht 3. Nhit cao nht ca mi cht xy, 0C 4. Khi lng bi (khng vt qu), Tn 5. ng knh trong ca thng nghin, mm 6. di trong ca thng nghin, mm 7. ng knh ng dn than, mm 8. p sut ln nht cho php trong thng nghin, Kgf/cm2 9. Lc cn kh ng hc theo tnh ton ca my nghin khng k n thit b phn ly, kG/m2 10. Tn s quay ca thng nghin t b truyn ng ph, v/pht Gi tr 39.5 17.6 450 92.8 3700 8500 1450 1.5 200400 0.09

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Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B

ng c my nghin Tn thng s 1. Cng sut danh nh, kW 2. Hiu in th, V 3. S vng quay, V/ pht 4. Tn s in mng, Hz 5. Dng in Stator, A 6. Dng kch hot, A 7. Hiu in th kch hot, V 8. H s cng sut 9. Hiu sut % 10. M men ti a Mn 11. M men khi ng, Mn 12. Dng in khi ng (so vi lm vic bnh thng)(A) 13. M men bnh , Kgm2 Gi tr 1600 6600 100 50 183 265 126 1 93, 8 3, 0 7, 1 9, 1 92000

Chng 2 GII THIU H THNG IU KHIN MC NC BAO HI 2.1 iu khin mc nc trong bao hi 2.1.1 Vai tr v nhim v ca b iu chnh mc nc bao hi. Trong cc nh my nhit in th mc nc ca bao hi l 1 trong nhng thng s rt quan trng, trong qu trnh vn hnh l hi. N phn nh s cn bng ca cc vng tun hon t nhin ca l hi. Nu m mc nc trong bao hi tng cao th dn n th tch cha hi trong bao hi gim do lm gim nng sut hi ca l dn

Page 20 of 54

Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B n lm gim hiu sut ca l ng thi lm gim nhit ca hi qu nhit. Khi m mc nc trong bao hi tng qu mc cho php th s lm thay i nhit ca hi qu nhit t ngt do hi m s trn sang tua bin gy ra hin tng bin dng v lm r cnh ng tua bin. Nu m mc nc trong bao hi gim th s lm mt s tun hon t nhin ca l do cc ng ng sinh hi s khng c lm mt nn c th dn n lm bin dng hay phng n cc ng ng sinh hi. Trong qu trnh vn hnh l hi, th mc nc trong bao hi lun thay i v dao ng nn i hi ngi cng nhn vn hnh phi iu chnh mc nc trong bao hi kp thi v lun n nh 1 gi tr cho php. Song v l hi c rt nhiu thng s cn phi theo di v iu chnh do vy ngi cng nhn vn hnh khng iu chnh kp thi v lin tc n nh mc nc trong bao hi c. Chnh v nhng l do trn m ngi ta thit k b t ng iu chnh cp nc cho l hi n nh mc nc trong l hi nhm lm gim cng lao ng ca ngi cng nhn vn hnh v m s an ton cho thit b v tng hiu sut ca l. 2.1.2 Tm quan trng ca b iu chnh mc nc bao hi V mc nc bao hi l mt thng s cng ngh quan trng do vic gim st v duy tr n mt gi tr mong mun c ngha quan trng trong vic duy tr hot ng an ton nh my.

Mc ch ca vic iu chnh: Duy tr mc nc gi tr nh trc.

Page 21 of 54

Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B a tn hiu cnh bo, bo ng khi gi tr mc nm ngoi di cho php. a ra tn hiu ngng l (Trip) khi mc nc vi phm gi tr an ton (cao cao(HH) hoc thp thp (LL)). 2.1.3 Nguyn l hot ng. Nc t b ngng hi nc c a vo b phn lc kh ca b gia nhit nc cp ti nhit yu cu, sau c cha trong bnh cha c ni vi u vo ca bm nc cp, u ra ca bm nc cp c ni vi van iu khin lu lng nc cp ( van ny chnh l i tng chng ta iu khin lu lng thch hp cho bao hi). Sau nc c a ti b hm nc cp ti y nc c nhn nhit ti nhit tiu chun khong 283oC trc khi a vo bao hi. m bo nc cp c th vo trong bao hi, p sut ca h thng phi cp nc phi ln hn p sut trong bao hi. V vy h thng iu chnh cp nc phi ln phi iu khin lu lng nc v p sut sao cho to c chnh lch p ln gia p sut trong bao hi v p lc ca bm cp nc. Ngoi ra trn ng ng cn T b tr 1 van mt chiu trong tnh hung no nc cp cng c chiu dng chy
V khng i. gia bm cp v h thng vi phun nc vo bao hi c lp t nhiu cc F F

van kim tra( gn cc cm bin lu lng, cm bin p sut). L

T

P I
F T K Mc nc f fF

T urbin e K

P I

K Lu lng nc cp

s v S V

PV
I P
K tc bm

Page 22 of 54

Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B

Hnh 2-1: S nguyn l hot ng ca bao hi Cc k hiu: LT : Thit b o mc nc trung bnh trong bao hi. FT : Thit b o lu lng qua ng. FF : Feed forward : Tn hiu n trc. PV : Chnh p sut . SV : setpoint gi tr t.

2.2 Bao hi. 2.2.1 Cc b tr sp t trong bao hi. Thng s k thut ca bao hi:

Page 23 of 54

Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B - ng knh trong 1600 mm - Chiu di phn hnh tr - 26000 mm - Tng chiu di 28620 mm. - Nh sn xut: Bao hi l loi bnh cha phn cch b hm. B qu nhit v mt chu nhit sinh hi. Trong bao hi c lp thit b phn ly nc hi. Hn hp hi nc i vo bao hi t vch nc lm mt s tin hnh phn ly ti khng gian hi ca bao hi v trong thit b phn trnh cho hi bo ha mang ln nc.

Hnh 2-2: Bao hi

2.2.2 Nguyn l vn hnh.

Page 24 of 54

Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B Khi khi ng th mc nc khi ng thp hn so vi mc nc trung bnh trong bao hi l 110mm . Mc nc trung bnh trong bao hi thp hn so vi trc hnh hc ca bao hi l 150 mm. Khi vn hnh bnh thng th mc nc bao hi thng c iu khin trong phm vi 0 50mm. Nu p lc hi v nc bnh thng m mc nc bao hi vt qu gi tr trn phi kim tra v hiu chnh. Nhit ca nc cp vo trong bao hi khng c ln hn nhit kim loi ca thnh bao hi 80. Lng nc cp vo bao hi phi c iu chnh tng ng vi lng hi sinh ra.

2.2.3 Yu cu i vi iu khin mc nc bao hi.

Page 25 of 54

Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B Cc yu cu i vi h thng iu khin mc nc bao hi: + iu khin mc nc dao ng 0 50 mm so vi im t. + Thay i mc nc bm nhanh theo s thay i ca ti. + Cn bng lng hi ra v lng nc cp vo bao hi. + B thay i p sut nc cp khng o ln tun hon nc. Ch khi b iu khin t nhng ch tiu c bn th mi quan h lu lng hi, lu lng nc cp mi duy tr n nh m bo qu trnh hot ng ca l. Theo cch ny th dng nc cp khng thay i tc th m thay i mt cch t t v gim dn mc nc t truc. Nu mc nc hoc lu lng hi thay i t ngt mt lu lng ln th b iu khin phi tc ng ngay thay i lu lng nc cp ( bng cch tng cng sut van ln mt gi tr ph hp) iu ny c th lm cho mc nc dch ra xa hn im t iu khin sau mi t t tr v im t. 2.3 Cc phng thc iu khin. iu chnh mc nc bao hi ngi ta c cc phng thc iu khin khc nhau: iu khin tc bm cp. iu khin m van cp nc bao hi. nh my nhit in Ung B ngi ta s dng kt hp c hai chin lc iu khin . Hn na trong chin lc iu khin tc ti u ho vic iu chnh ngi ta chia thnh cc ch iu khin: - Ch iu khin theo chnh p gia hai u van iu khin nc cp. - Ch iu khin mt phn t vi tn hiu phn hi l mc nc. - nng cao tnh nng thi gian thc v kh nng tc ng nhanh ngi ta s dng ch iu khin 3 phn t vi s tham gia ca 3 tn hiu: + Tin hiu phn hi: mc nc bao hi.

Page 26 of 54

Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B + Tn hiu iu chnh: lu lng nc cp. + Tn hiu n trc: lu lng hi thot. 3.3.1 Ch iu khin mc nc 3 phn t.
Lu lng hi

chnh P P

Mc nc t

ID1

PID1

PID2

ID2
Cm bin

CCCH

Bao hi

Lu lng nc cp

Cm bin
Hnh 2-3: S iu khin mc nc bao hi theo 3 phn t Trong ch iu khin mc nc 3 phn t ta s dng vng iu chnh cascade bao gm hai b iu khin PID1 v PID2. Vng iu chnh ngoi tnh mc nc do ngi vn hnh t sau khi so snh vi gi tr phn hi mc nc c a ti b iu khin mc PID1. Gi tr tnh ton c sau b PID1 c cng vi lng tn hiu n trc lu lng hi chnh lm gi tr t cho b iu khin tc pha trong PID2. Vng iu chnh tc pha trong s tnh ton gi tr iu khin tc bm cp p ng yu cu ca vng iu chnh bn ngoi. Gi tr tnh ton c t vng iu khin tc c a ti c cu chp hnh (CCCH) iu chnh mc nc trong bao hi.

Page 27 of 54

Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B 2.3.2 Ch iu khin mc nc theo chnh p hai u van iu khin mc
Lu lng hi chnh nc.

Mc nc t

ID1

PID

PID

ID2
Cm bin

CCCH

Bao hi

chnh p

Cm bin

Hnh 2-4: S iu khin mc nc theo chnh p 2 u van iu chnh lng nc vo bao hi c cc cch gii quyt khc nhau, nh trong ch 3 phn t ta thy iu mc nc ngi ta iu chnh trc tip lu lng nc vo bao hi. Mt khc ta thy lu lng nc chy vo bao hi t l vi chnh p gia hai u van iu khin mc, do lm a dng s la chn tn hiu iu khin ngi ta s dng phng php iu chnh mc nc theo chnh p lc hai u van iu khin. Ging nh trong ch iu khin mc nc 3 phn t vng iu chnh mc nc theo chnh p lc hai u van iu khin mc c cu trc cascade. Nhng khc nhau ch vng iu chnh pha trong khng tnh ton gi tr v lu lng nc cp m tnh ton gi tr chnh p gia hai u van iu chnh. Vi hai vng iu khin, b iu khin PID1 c nhim v tnh ton gi tr t v chnh p cho vng iu chnh pha trong. Cn vng iu chnh pha trong c nhim v iu chnh tc bm cp duy tr chnh p lc. C th qu trnh tinh ton c m t nh di y. Gi tr mc nc c ngi vn hnh nhp vo h thng t trn mn hnh vn. Sau khi so snh vi gi tr phn hi v t cc b cm bin, tn hiu sai lch c a ti b iu khin PID1, khi iu khin ny tnh ton gi tr t v chnh p cho vng

Page 28 of 54

Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B iu chnh pha trong. nng cao kh nng p ng ca vng iu chnh ta s dng tn hiu lu lng hi chnh lm tn hiu n trc. Gi tr tnh ton t b PID1 sau khi c cng vi tn hiu n trc lu lng hi chnh s c s dng lm tn hiu t cho khi iu khin chnh p PID2. Tn hiu u ra ca khi iu khin ny c gi ti c cu chp hnh (CCCH) iu chnh tc bm duy tr chnh p lc theo yu cu ca vng iu chnh mc nc. 2.4 Cc thit b iu khin. 2.4.1 H thng iu khin mc. a/ Khi nim. Mc nc trong bao hi l i lng ng vai tr quan trng duy tr s hot ng ca nh my nhit in. N l c s iu khin mi qu trnh iu khin ca nh my. b/ H thng iu khin mc. T nguyn l ca h thng cng ngh, theo gc ca h thng t ng ha ta nhn thy: h thng iu khin mc nc bao hi l mt h thng iu chnh kn, nhiu chiu v phi tuyn. Cc phn t cng ngh v iu khin trong h thng c phn thnh: - i tng iu khin: Bao hi. - i lng iu khin: Mc nc bao hi - Tn hiu vo: Gi tr ngi vn hnh t trc qua b iu khin. - Tc ng nhiu: Lu lng hi mi. - B cm bin: Thit b bin i mc v b bin i lu lng. - Thit b chp hnh: Van iu khin. - Thit b iu khin: PLC c/ B bin i mc. m bo an ton khi vn hnh th chiu cao mc nc bao hi thp nht l 600mm v chiu cao ln nht l 1150mm Do vy tn hiu vo l h = 600mm 1150mm ng vi tn hiu ra l dng I= 4 20mA.

Page 29 of 54

Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B

ng c tnh:

Xra (mA)

20

H(mm) Xvao 600 1150 Hnh 2-5 : ng c tnh tnh ca b bin i mc

d/ B bin i dng in iu khin sang dng in ng c. Nguyn l hot ng: ty thuc vo tn hiu dng in iu khin, khi ngun dng iu khin s thay i. Ngun dng iu khin ny s c cp vo ng c in ca van iu khin. - Dng iu khin: 4mA 20mA - Dng ra tng ng: 2,2 2,85mA
Ivao (mA)

20

2,85
Hnh 2-6: ng c tnh ca b bin i I/I

Ira (A)

Page 30 of 54

2,2

Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B e/ Van iu khin mc. p lc ca c cu truyn ng tc dng ln ty van dao ng t 30,8KN n 64KN. p lc ny s tc ng ln ty van iu khin m ca van. m ca van t 0(0%) n 80mm (100%).

c tnh:

80

30,8

1150

H(mm) Xvao

Hnh 2-7: ng c tnh ca van iu khin mc

Tn hiu vo ca i tng iu khin l mt h lin tc; cn tn hiu vo, ra ca my tnh s( b iu khin PID s) l tn hiu ri rc( tn hiu s). H thng iu khin c mch phn hi mun a vo vi x l phi qua b chuyn i tng t s A/D. Cn tn hiu ra ca my tnh (vi x l) dng iu khin i tng thng qua b chuyn i D/A. Cc tn hiu truyn t trong h c c tn hiu ri rc v tn hiu lin tc. Bao hi l i tng iu khin c tn hiu vo ra l lin tc.

Page 31 of 54

Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B 2.4.2 Thit b iu khin v o lng. 2.4.2.1 Van iu khin * nh ngha Van l mt thit b c kh c dng trong cng nghip ng ng iu chnh dng chy ca vt cht. - Van iu khin 10LAB20AA001

Hnh 2-8: M hnh van iu khin. Van iu khin l loi van t ng iu chnh v tr ca thng qua thit b iu khin( hoc iu khin bng tay). Nhiu loi van iu khin bng tay c th np thm c cu dn ng vo thn van tr thnh van iu khin. C cu dn ng (Actuator): l mt thit b dng trong van iu khin dn ng ty van ng vi thit b pht ra t thit b iu khin. Thit b iu khin(Controller): l thit b t ng iu chnh v tr ca van iu khin. thit b iu khin dng nng lng kh nn, p sut thy lc hay nng lng in truyn tn hiu ti c cu dn ng. Da vo yu cu ca h thng ta dng loi van iu khin lu lng nc cp ca bm nc cp cho bao hi. * Nhim v: iu khin lu lng nc cp vo bao hi tng ng vi yu cu ca ph ti v m bo mc nc trong bao hi n nh quanh im t.

Page 32 of 54

Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B - Van x

-

10LCQ4AA001 : l loi van c ch iu khin bng tay hoc t

ng. Trong trng hp mc nc bao hi qu ln, nhanh chng a mc nc trong bao hi v khong n nh th ngi ta phi hp va gim lu lng nc cp va pht tn hiu m van x vi mt m ph hp. - Van an ton l mt van in iu khin t ng. Tc dng ca van an ton l m bo p sut trong bao hi khng vt ra ngoi khong lm vic trong sut qu trnh hot ng. khi c tn hiu bo p sut trong bao hi qu cao ngay lp tc van c iu khin m ra vi mt m thch hp. 2.4.2.2 Gii thiu v cc loi cm bin. Cm bin mc: Dng o mc nc trong bao hi * Cu to ca b cm bin mc gm 1 : B chuyn i chnh p (hiu p sut P) 2 : B chuyn i chnh p - in tr 3 : B chuyn i in tr - dng in

Ir

Hnh 2-9: Cu to cm bin mc Thng s k thut ca b cm bin mc: - in p: 24V (DC) - Phm vi u ra: 4 20mA. - Phm vi thay i mc tng ng vi dng in l: 600mm 1150mm.

Page 33 of 54

Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B Cm bin lu lng. Thit b o lu lng da trn nguyn l o chnh lch p sut ca dng chy khi chy qua mt ng thu hp (tm l), sau chnh p ny c bin i thnh in. Cu to cm bin o lu lng gm - a c l (1) - Mng n hi (2) - B chuyn i hiu p sut (3) - Tay n (4) - im ta (5) - B chuyn i lc - in tr (6) - B chuyn i dng in - lc (7) - B x l tn hiu in (8)

8 6 4 2 2 3 C P P 5 5 1 7 I

Hnh 2-10: Cu to ca cm bin lu lng Nguyn l hot ng ca b o lu lng da vo cng thc sau:
Q = K P K = A 2g

Trong :

Page 34 of 54

Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B Q P g : Lu lng nc, hi : Hiu p sut u ra, u vo ca a : Tit din l a : Gia tc trng trng : Khi lng ring ca cht lng, kh : H s chy ph thuc kt cu ca a

Dng chy (kh, lng) i qua a to nn s chnh p P = P1- P2. Mng n hi bin i in p thnh mt lc di ng mt u tay n quanh im ta. Mt u kia ca tay n chuyn lc ca tay n dn n s thay i ca in tr. B x l tn hiu s cho ra tn hiu l dng in thay i 4 20mA. Thng s k thut ca b cm bin lu lng + + + in p: 24V (DC) Phm vi u ra: 4 20 mA Phm vi lu lng o: chnh nh dng in (0 100%)

Cm bin nhit Cm bin nhit l thit b nhit in tr c gn vo ng ng. Khi nhit cng cao th in tr nhit c tr s cng gim (in tr thay i nghch bin vi nhit ). S thay i nh ny c a vo mch in t khuch i ln. Do vy dng in i qua b phn cm bin s thay i tuyn tnh vi nhit . Cm bin nhit hot ng da trn nguyn l: in tr ca kim loi tng ln khi nhit tng, do b cm bin nhit bng in tr dng o nhit ca thit b cn o.

Cu to :

Page 35 of 54

Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B + + + Phn t nhy cm vi nhit (1) ng bo v (2) B x l tn hiu (3)
3 I r

2 4V (D ) C

Hnh 2-11: Cu to ca cm bin o nhit

Nguyn l hot ng Khi t in p mt chiu 24V vo cm bin nhit in tr, do nhit thay i, in tr tc dng thay i dn n dng in Ir ca b cm bin thay i. Thng s k thut ca cm bin nhit in tr + + + in p: 24V (DC). Dng in thay i u ra: 4 20mA. Phm vi nhit o: 00 18000C.

H thng iu khin nhit

H thng iu khin nhit nh sau: ti phng iu khin trung tm nhn gi tr nhit trn ng ng nhit hi qu nhit, nhit nc cp hay nhit trong bao hi s truyn tn hiu n h thng cp nhin liu. Ti h thng cp nhin liu s nhn bit gi tr in p t 4 20mA gi v, tng ng vi nhit . V b iu khin nhit s tc ng c c nhit yu cu.

Page 36 of 54

Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B Cm bin p sut Cu to ca b cm bit p sut gm: + + + + + L xo iu chnh (1) ng xp (2) Con trt (3) in tr thay i (4) B x l tn hiu (5)

Hnh 2-12: Cu to ca cm bin p sut Nguyn l lm vic ca cm bin p sut in tr thay i nh sau Khi p sut thay i, ng xp n hi di ng lm con trt thay i v tr dn n in tr thay i. Gi tr in tr thay i dn n s thay i dng in trong b chuyn i. B chuyn i ny s to ra tn hiu u ra l dng in Ir = 4mA 20mA. Thng s k thut ca b cm bin p sut in tr thay i gm + in p: 24V (DC) + Phm vi dng ra: 4 20 mA + Phm vi p sut o: chnh nh

Page 37 of 54

Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B 2.5 Quy trnh iu khin mc nc bao hi. Mc nc bao hi ph thuc vo lu lng nc cp t van cp v lu lng hi mi. Tn hiu ra ca cm bin mc 10HAD01CL001 t l vi mc nc trong bao hi. Nh vy iu khin bao hi c 2 s c chnh: a- Trng hp bao hi qu cao L=>1150mm th ngay lp tc h thng s thng bo cho b iu khin pht tn hiu bo ng. Dng ngay bm cp, ng hon ton van iu khin mc 10LAB20AA001, ng thi pht tn hiu m van x 10HAD50AA230,231. Ngng cp nhin liu vo l, tt c h thng a vo ch l vic s c mc cao c lp trnh trc.

b- Trong trng hp khi mc nc bao hi qu thp L=<600mm th ngay lp tc

h thng s thng bo cho b iu khin pht tn hiu bo ng. Ngng cp nhin liu vo l, tt c h thng a v lm vic ch s c mc thp lp trnh trc. M van iu khin hon ton ( 100%) ng thi gi tn hiu iu khin van an ton m 100%. nng cao tin cy trong h thng cn s dng van an ton v van x phc v qu trnh iu khin mc nc trong bao hi khi c s bin ng mc nc trong bao hi vt ra ngoi hong n nh v khi c s c sy ra. Trong qu trnh hot ng v nhiu yu t nh tng gim ph ti, nhit lng tng gim do cht lng than cp vo l m mc nc trong bao hi c th vt ra ngoi khong hot ng. Phi a mc nc trong bao hi v khong hot ng trong mt thi gian ngn. - Mc nc cao dng h thng: L>=1150mm - Mc cao 4: 1090mm<L<1150mm - Mc cao 3: 1020mm<L=<1090mm - Mc cao 2: 950mm<L=< 1020mm - Mc cao 1: 880mm<L=< 950mm - Khong lm vic n nh: 820mm=<L=<880mm - Mc thp 1: 750mm=<L< 820mm - Mc thp 2: 700mm=<L< 750mm - Mc thp 3: 650mm=<L<700mm - Mc thp 4: 600mm=<L<650mm

- Mc qu thp dng h thng: L=<60 Page 38 of 54

Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B Chng 3 IU KHIN MC NC TRONG BAO HI BNG PLC S7-200 3.1.1 Nhng tin ch ca PLC S7- 200 PLC l thit b iu khin logic c lp trnh, cho php ta thc hin linh hot cc thut ton logic thng qua mt ngn ng lp trnh. B iu khin PLC c cc u im ni bt so vi cc gii php iu khin t ng khc l: Cho php thay chng trnh iu khin mt cch nhanh chng thch ng vi yu cu i mi cng ngh, hin i ha sn xut. C kh nng truyn thng, cho php ni mng p ng yu cu iu khin v gim st h thng trong qu trnh sn xut. n gin trong bo dng sa cha. tin cy cao trong mi trng cng nghip Cu to nh gn, lp t n gin. Gi thnh r hn nhiu so vi nhng b iu khin c chc nng tng ng Chi ph vn hnh khng cao. C th s dng iu khin tng my ring l hoc cc h thng phc tp c trnh t ng ha cao nh hin nay. 3.1.2 La chn thit b iu khin. S7-200 l thit b iu khin logic kh trnh loi nh ca hng Siemens, c cu trc theo kiu modul v c cc Modul m rng. Cc Modul ny c s dng cho nhiu ng dng lp trnh khc nhau. Ty theo yu cu c th ca qu trnh iu khin ngun s dng c th chn CPU khc nhau. Da vo s lng u vo ra nu nn chn CPU l loi CPU 224 v Modul EM231 AI4x12bit, EM232 AQ2x12bit.

Page 39 of 54

Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B Thng s ca CPU 224 B nh chng trnh B nh d liu Lu gi chng trnh 5KB Chng trnh c lu trong EPROM Thi gian lu gi Cng Input/output Modul m rng ti a Ngn ng lp trnh S chng trnh con ti a Thi gian thc hin lnh bit Vng nh bit 256 Hnh 3-1: Cc thng s ca CPU 224 0,37s LAD,FBD,STL 64 190h 14/10 7 My tnh lp trnh Giao din PPI vi giao thc PPI cho chc nng lp trnh, chc nng HMI(TD200,OP, truyn thng S7200CPU, tc c truyn 19,2/187,5kbit/s) Hoc nh MPI slave trao i d liu vi MPI mater(s7-300/s7400CPUs,Ops,TDs,bng cc nt n),CPU s7-200,tc truyn 19,2/187,5Kbit/s Hoc giao din do ngi lp trnh nh ngha, c kh nng ngt trao i d liu ni tip vi cc thit b ca hng khc. 8KB Giao din 1 cng RS 485

Cu to CPU 224

Page 40 of 54

Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B

4.00 4.00

S IE M E N S SIMATIC S7-200 FS RUN STOP Q0 .0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 1M 1L+ 0 0 0.2 0.3 0.4 2 2L+0 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.1 .0 .1 .5 M Q1 .0 .1 M L+ DC CPU 224 DC/DC/DC 88 .00 80 .00

I0

.0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7

.0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 I1

2 4- 1 1 AD2 - 0 2 XB0

1M 0.0 0 0.2 0 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 2M 1.0 1 1.2 1 1.4 1.5 M L+ .1 .3 .1 .3

PORT 0
112 .50 120 .50

Hnh 3-2: Cu to ca CPU 224 Cu to v thng s k thut ca modul tng t EM235 AI 4x12bit v AQ 1x12bit, EM232 AQ 2x12bit *Thng s k thut - C 4 u vo s: Thi gian bin i tng t sang s < 250 s - C 2 u ra s

c im k thut u ra s 2 S lng u ra s Cch in Khng c 10V Loi tn hiu in p u ra Dng in u ra 0 en 20mA

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Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B

Hnh 3-3 Cu to ca modul EM235 AI 4 x12 bit va AQ 1x12bit,

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Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B

Hnh 3-4: Cu to ca Modul EM 232 AQ 2x12bit 3.2 Cc yu cu iu khin vi bao hi nh my in. - H thng phi m bo cc yu cu cao v cht lng v tin cy, m bo cc tiu chun an ton. - H thng phi m bo hot ng thng xuyn gim st bt c mt hin tng no c th xy ra s c. - Thc hin cch ly tng phn hay dng ton b h thng theo yu cu cng ngh - Mi mt khu vc dng mt PLC - Ni mng lin tc gi gi liu v phng iu khin trung tm. Trong sut qu trnh lm vic iu khin mc nc bao hi ca h thng van nc cp 10LAB20AA001 lun hot ng n nh, dng in cp cho ng c in h thng lun p ng yu cu iu khin. Ngoi ra cc van x v van an ton cng xem nh lun hot ng n nh.

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Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B Yu cu iu khin mc nc bao hi. Vic iu khin mc nc bao hi c thng qua vic iu khin van cp nc chnh 10LAB20AA001 vi m v ng van theo phn trm tng ng vi bc nhy mc. Khi lm vic mc nc phi c iu khin theo cc yu cu sau: - Khi mc nc lm vic trong khong t 800mm=<L=<900mm th van 10LAB20AA001 c m v gi 66% - Khi mc nc ca bao hi lm vic trong khong t 600mm=<L=<650mm th van 10LAB20AA001 c iu khin m 91% - Khi mc nc ca bao hi lm vic trong ngng 650mm=<L=<700mm th van 10LAB20AA001 c iu khin m ra 81% - Khi mc nc ca bao hi lm vic trong ngng 700mm=<L=<750mm th van 10LAB20AA001 c iu khin m 76% - Khi mc nc bao hi lm vic trong ngng 750mm=<L=<820mm th van 10LAB20AA001 c iu khin m 70% - Khi mc nc bao hi lm vic trong ngng 880mm=<L=<950mm th van 10LAB20AA001 c iu khin m 62% - Khi mc nc bao hi lm vic trong ngng 950mm=<L=<1020mm th van 10LAB20AA001 c iu khin m ra 56% - Khi mc nc bao hi lm vic trong ngng 1020mm=<L=<1090mm th van 10LAB20AA001 c iu khin m ra 42% - Khi mc nc bao hi lm vic trong ngng 1090=<L=<1150mm th van 10LAB20AA001 c iu khin m r 24% - Khi mc nc bao hi lm vic vt qua mc qu thp L=<600mm th van 10LAB20AA001 ngay lp tc c iu khin m ra vi m l 100% - Khi mc nc bao hi l vic vt qua mc qu cao L>=1150mm th van 10LAB0AA001 ngay lp tc c iu khin ng li vi m 0%. 3.3 Thng s k thut iu khin mc. Mc lm vic thp nht cho php l Hmin= 600mm Mc lm vic cao nht cho php l Hmax= 1150mm Khong lm vic n nh ca bao hi l 820mm 880mm

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Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B Phng trnh biu din mi quan h gia mc v dng in:

I ra =

16 ( H vao 600) 4 + 550

Vi Hmin= 600mm th I= 4mA Hmax= 1150mm th I= 20mA Gi tr dng sau c chuyn vo c cng Analog 16bit c gi tr t 0 32760 ca PLC lm gi tr so snh v lp trnh. Phng trnh biu din mi quan h gia gi tr dng in v bin nguyn Wr =

32760 Iv 20

ng c tnh biu din mi quan h gia dng v bin nguyn Vi I= 0 mA th W = 0 I = 20 mA th W =32760

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Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B

Hnh 3.5: th c tnh biu din mi quan h gia dng in v bin nguyn

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Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B 3.4 Lu thut ton iu khin mc nc bao hi.

BEGIN

KIEM TRA SU CO

D
SU LY SU CO

HE THONG HOAT DONG

MEND

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Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B

BEGIN
S
600< 1150 L<

600< <650 L L = 600 <

V K: 100% V AT: 100% V XA: 0%

V K: 0% V AT: 0% V XA: 100%

S S
650= L <700 < V K: 92% V AT: 30% V XA: 0%

V K: 83% VAT: 10% VXA: 0%

700= L <750 <

V K: 77% V AT: 5% V XA: 0%

S
750= L <820 <

V K: 71% V AT: 0% V XA: 0%

S
820= L = 880 < < V K: 67% V AT: 0% V XA: 0%

S S
880< = 950 L <

V K: 63% V AT: 0% V XA: 0%

S
950< = 1020 L < V K: 57% VAT: 0% VXA: 10%

S
1020< = 1090 L <

V K: 43% V AT: 0% V XA: 25%

V K: 25% VAT: 0% VXA: 50%

1090 L <1150 <

nh 3-6: S vng qut iu khin mc nc bao hi

3.5 Chng trnh iu khin.

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Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B 3.5.1 Tn hiu vo/ra - I0.0 - I0.1 - I0.2 - AIW0 - AQW0 - AQW4 - AQW6 Tn hiu khi ng Tn hiu dng Tn hiu reset h thng Tn hiu t cm bin mc Tn hiu van iu khin Tn hiu van an ton Tn hiu van x

3.5.2 Chng trnh iu khin

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Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B

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Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B

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Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B

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Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B

KT LUN
Sau thi gian 7 tun thc tp ti cng ti nhit in Ung B, vi s gip , to iu kin ca thy c khoa T ng ha- i hc in lc v cn b- nhn vin phn xng T ng ha- nh my nhit in Ung b, cng thm n lc c nhn. Chng em c thi gian thc tp, tri nghim vn kin thc c tip thu trn ging ng vi thc t ti c s sn xut em li cho chng em nhiu kt qu hu ch. Tuy nhin do thi gian c hn v vn kin thc cn hn ch nn bi thu hoch ca chng em khng trnh khi nhng thiu st, rt mong thy c gip chng em tin b hn na. Em xin chn thnh cm n! H Ni, ngy thng nm

Sinh vin: Trnh nh c V Cnh Yn

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Bo co thc tp nh my nhit in Ung B

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] T ng ha Simatic S7 200. Tc ga: Nguyn Don Phc Phan Xun Minh. Nh xut bn khoa hc k thut, H ni 1997.

[2] Quy trnh vn hnh v sa cha cc thit b in phn xng kim nhit nh my nhit in Ung b. Tc gi: nh my nhit in Ung b

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