s 23

Thit k b nghch lu c lp ngun p vi tn s ra thay i vi cc

thng s sau: U vo 220V U ra 127V I ra 20A f 40 400 Hz

Mc Lc Li ni u Chng 1. Phn tch la chn phng n I. Phn tch yu cu cng ngh II. La chn phng n Chng 2. Tnh ton mch ng lc I. Tnh ton b nghch lu II. Tnh ton b bin i DC-DC III. Tnh ton mch bo v van bn dn Chng 3. M phng b bin i Chng 4. Thit k mch iu khin I. Phn cng II. Lp trnh iu khin pht xung III. Mch ngun cung cp cho vi iu khin v IGBT driver Ti liu tham kho 21 1 2 2 7 8 8 10 12 13 15 15 16 20

Li ni u

V c Tn TH4-K50

in t cng sut cn c tn gi l K thut bin i in nng l mt ngnh k thut in t nghin cu ng dng cc phn t bn dn trong cc b bin i khng ch bin i ngun nng lng in. in t cng sut c ng dng rng ri trong hu ht cc ngnh cng nghip hin i. C th k n cc ngnh k thut m trong c nhng ng dng tiu biu ca cc b bin i bn dn cng sut nh : truyn ng in, giao thng ng st, nu luyn thp, gia nhit cm ng, in phn nhm t qung m,cc qu trnh in phn trong cng nghip ha cht, trong rt nhiu cc thit b cng nghip v dn dng khc nhau... Trong nhng nm gn y cng ngh ch to cc phn t bn dn cng sut c nhng tin b vt bc v ngy cng tr nn hon thin dn n vic ch to cc b bin di ngy cng nh gn, nhiu tnh nng v s dng ngy cng d dng hn. Trong cc b bin i in t cng sut khng th khng nhc n cc b nghch lu in p. Cc b bin i ny ngy cng c ng dng rng ri c bit trong lnh vc iu khin ng c, tit kim nng lng. y cng chnh l ti ca n ny: Thit k b nghch lu c lp ngun p vi tn s ra thay i Bn bo co ca em gm 4 chng ln: Chng 1:Phn tch la chn phng n Chng 2:Tnh ton mch ng lc Chng 3:M phng b bin i Chng 4:Thit k mch iu khin Em xin chn thnh cm n thy Trn Trng Minh cng cc thy c gio b mn T ng ha hng dn em hon thnh n ny. Trong qu trnh lm n, do ln u tip cn vi n, chng em khng trnh khi nhng sai st, em rt mong c cc thy c ch bo thm. H Ni, thng 5 nm 2008 Sinh vin

V c Tn

Chng 1

Phn tch la chn phng n

4

V c Tn TH4-K50

I. Phn tch yu cu cng ngh

1. Khi nim chung v Nghch lu c lp (NLL) Nghch lu c lp l thit b bin i ngun in mt chiu thnh xoay chiu (cn gi l b bin i DC-AC) c tn s ra c th thay i c v lm vic vi ph ti c lp. Nhiu loi ph ti xoay chiu yu cu ngun cung cp c cc tham s nh in p, tn s c th thay i c trong mt phm vi rng. Trong thc t, cc b bin tn c hp thnh bi cc b chnh lu v nghch lu c lp bin ngun in c cc thng s khng thay i c thnh ngun in c cc thng s thay i c, p ng mi yu cu ca ph ti. NLL c phn loi thnh : NLL ngun p. NLL ngun dng. NL cng hng. 2. Nghch lu c lp ngun dng S dng mt ngun in vi ni tr v cng ln, dng in ra l khng i, khng ph thuc vo tnh cht ca ph ti. Nghch lu c lp ngun dng gm c: NLL ngun dng song song mt pha. NLL ngun dng ba pha. 3. Nghch lu c lp ngun p NLL ngun p s dng cc van bn dn iu khin hon ton nh IGBT, GTO, MOSFET, BJT do cng ngh ch to cc phn t ny hon chnh hn rt nhiu. y chng ta c NL ngun p 1 pha, 3 pha. 3.1 Nghch lu c lp ngun p mt pha S gm 4 van iu khin hon ton V1, V2, V3, V4 v cc it ngc D1, D2, D3, D4. Cc it ngc l bt buc phi c trong s NLL ngun p, gip cho qu trnh trao i cng sut phn khng vi ngun. Ngun cung cp l ngun p vi c trng l t Co c gi tr ln, c 2 vai tr: San bng in p khi ngun u vo E l mt chnh lu. Trao i cng sut phn khng vi ti qua cc it ngc.

Hnh 1. Mch NLL ngun in p mt pha Nu khng c t Co, hoc t Co qu nh s khng c ng chy cho dng phn khng dn n qu in p trn cc phn t trong s .
5

V c Tn TH4-K50

3.2 Ngch lu c lp ngun p ba pha S gm su van IGBT V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6 v su it ngc D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6. Tng t nh NLL ngun in p mt pha, cc it ngc c vai tr gip cho qu trnh trao i cng sut phn khng gia ti v ngun.

Hnh 2. Mch NLL ngun in p cu 3 pha u vo mt chiu l ngun p vi t C ln. C th dng thm b DC-DC c in p vo mong mun. Ph ti Za=Zb=Zc u Y hoc . 4. Cc phng php iu khin cho NLL ngun p 3 pha 4.1 PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) Phng php PWM thng c s dng, m bo in p ra c dng hnh sin. dng in p ra khng ph thuc vo ph ti ngi ta thng s dng bin iu b rng xung hai cc tnh, mi pha ca s c th iu khin c lp vi nhau. Cp van trong mi pha c iu khin ngc nhau(V1 v V4, V3 v V6, V5 v V2).

My pht sin chun

(SinA, SinB, SinC)

My pht xung rng ca

Hnh 3. S khi iu khin PWM

Tn hiu sin chun so snh vi tn hiu rng ca qua mch so snh c ngng. Tn hiu iu khin trong mi chu k xung rng ca Ts i xng theo mi na

chu k Ts/2.

V c Tn TH4-K50

Hnh 4. th xung iu khin vo V3,V1,V5 Kh khn nht trong phng php PWM l phi c 3 sng hnh sin chun c bin chnh xc bng nhau v lch pha nhau chnh xc l 120 trong ton b di iu chnh. iu ny rt kh m bo bng cc mch tng t. 4.2 SVM (Space Vector Modulation) Phng php iu ch vector khng gian ang ngy cng c s dng rng ri. y l phng php bin iu hon ton s dng k thut s, c chnh xc cao, d dng thc hin trn cc b x l tn hiu s DSP, v d nh dsPic. 4.2.1 C bn v vector khng gian Mt h thng in p hay dng in 3 pha gm ba thnh phn (uA, uB, uC) hay (iA, iB, iC) c th c biu din bi mt vector trn mt phng ta 0 nh sau :

u=

2 ( u A + auB + a2 uC ) 3
j 2 3

Trong : a = e

1 3 = + j ; ( j l n v s phc 2 2

o j 2 = 1 ) v u c gi l vector khng gian.

Hnh 5. in p cc pha
7

V c Tn TH4-K50 Gi s u A , uB , uC l mt h thng in p ba pha : u A = U m cos ( t ) ; 2 u B = U m cos t 3 2 uC = U m cos t + 3 ; ;

u =U me j ( t )

Nh vy, trn mt phng ta 0, u l mt vector c di bng di ca in p pha v quay quanh gc ta vi vn tc gc bng . 4.2.2 Trng thi ca van v cc vector bin chun i vi h s NL p ba pha, in p trn ti l h thng ba pha i xng ( hnh 5). S dng khi nim trn, ta c th m t h thng in p bi vector khng gian u ng vi mi 1/6 chu k in p ra. Xt khong t t0 t1 , c ba van dn l 1, 6, 2 v in p trn cc van c m t bi vector u1 c ln 2E/3. ng vi u1 ta c :
U A = 2E / 3 U B = UC = E / 3

Tng t nh vy ta c 6 vector u1,u2 ,u3 ,u4 ,u5 ,u6 m t in p ba pha i xng. V tr v gi tr cc vector ny xc nh: Gi tr in p tc thi trong cc van. Lut ng m cc van. Trong , lut ng m van phi m bo: Khng c ngn mch ngun mt chiu u vo v nu u vo b ngn mch s sinh ra dng ln, ph hy van. Khng c h mch bt c pha no u ra. p ng c yu cu trn th ch c 8 trng thi ca van, c biu din nh bng: STT 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 VAN DN V4, V6, V2 V6, V2, V1 V1, V2, V3 V2, V3, V4 V3, V4, V5 V4, V5, V6 V5, V6, V1 V1, V3, V5 UA 0 2E/3 E/3 -E/3 -2E/3 -E/3 E/3 0 UB 0 -E/3 E/3 2E/3 E/3 -E/3 -2E/3 0 UC 0 -E/3 -2E/3 -E/3 E/3 2E/3 E/3 0 U u0=0
2 3 2 j u2= Ee 3 3 2 j 2 u3= Ee 3 3 2 j u4= Ee 3 2 j 2 u5= Ee 3 3 2 j u6= Ee 3 3
j0 u1= Ee

u7=0

Cc vector ui vi i=1,26 c gi l cc vector bin chun, c hng c nh trong mt phng, lch nhau mt gc 60o.
8

V c Tn TH4-K50

Cc vector ny c biu din trn h ta 0 to thnh mt lc gic u, chia mt phng thnh 6 gc bng nhau, nh s t I cho n VI (hnh 6). 4.2.3 Tng hp vector in p t cc vector bin chun di ca cc vector bin chun c xc nh da vo gi tr in p mt chiu u vo : u i = 2 E / 3 = U . Gi u l vector in p ra mong mun, c di u = U o . Hnh 6. Cc sector v vector bin chun Xt khi vector khng gian u nm trong gc phn su s I. Theo quy tc hnh bnh hnh, ta c th tng hp u t hai vector bin u1, u2 : u = up + ut trong up, ut l hai vector phi v tri, ln lt nm dc theo hai vector bin u 1 v u2. di vector phi, tri c tnh nh sau : 2 up = u sin 3 3 (1) 2 ut = u sin
3

l gc ch v tr tng i ca vector u trong gc phn su. Bn cht ca php iu ch vector khng gian l to ra cc vector up, ut trong mi chu k tnh ton, hay cn gi l mi chu k ct mu Ts. di cc vector ny c xc nh bi gi tr trung bnh theo thi gian tn ti ca cc vector u1, u2 trong mi chu k Ts :
up = tp Ts u1 ; ut = tt ut Ts

(2)

T (1) & (2) ta c cng thc tnh ton gi tr thi gian iu ch : U 2 U 2 t p = Ts o sin ; tt = Ts o sin (3)
Ui 3 3 Ui 3 Uo : h s bin iu. Do u ch quay gii hn trong ng trn ni tip lc Ui 1 gic u trn nn ta c: 0 q . Khi biu thc (3) tr thnh : 3 2 2 t p = Ts q sin ; tt = Ts q sin 3 3 3

t q =

Trong khong thi gian cn li trong chu k ct mu, T0/7 = Ts t p tt , ta phi t vector khng uo hay u7 ng vi trng thi in p ra bng 0. Mt khc, in p ra t b mo th T0/7 c chia lm i v t vo u v cui ca Ts. 4.2.4 Thut ton iu ch vector khng gian Ta c th tm tt thut ton iu ch vector khng gian gm cc bc sau : Lng t ra l lng in p ra mong mun, c th cho di dng ta cc u = U 0 e j , hoc di dng ta vung gc u = ( u , u ) . Xc nh vector u ang thuc sector no trong sau sector. La chn hai vector bin chun ng vi sector v vector khng theo bng sau m bo s ln chuyn mch xy ra gia cc van l t nht :
9

V c Tn TH4-K50

Vector I u1 up u2 ut
u 0/7 u7

II
u2 u3 u0

III
u3 u4 u7

Sector IV
u4 u5 u0

V
u5 u6 u7

VI
u6 u1 u0

Tnh ton cc thi gian s dng cc vector bin. 4.2.5 c im ca phng php iu ch vector khng gian SVM: Khc vi phng php PWM kinh in, SVM khng dng cc b iu ch ring bit cho tng pha m tng hp vector u tnh chung cho c ba pha. S dng cc thit b iu khin bi vi x l, phng php SVM c th p t chnh xc cc vector phi, tri, t tnh c tp, tt trong mi chu k ct mu Ts. Xung tam gic dng so snh c dng i xng nn xung iu khin cng i xng, gim c mt s thnh phn sng hi bc cao. in p dy ca u ra mch nghch lu ln nht bng E trong khi phng php PWM ch t cha ti 90% E. u im ny rt c li trong thit k b iu khin ng c v lc dng in gim i, vi cng mt cng sut. 5.Yu cu i vi b nghch lu ngun p 3 pha B nghch lu ngun p vi tn s ra bin i 3 pha phi tha mn nhng yu cu sau: m bo cho dng dng in ra trn ti hnh sin. iu chnh v cp c tn s ca in p ra trn ti. An ton i vi ngi vn hnh cng nh cc phn t ca mch khi gp s c. Chi ph thit k vn hnh thp.

II. La chn phng n

1. La chn phng n mch lc Trong n ny s trnh by chi tit v Nghch lu c lp ngun p ba pha, n c ng dng rng ri trong cng nghip nh ch to b bin tn, iu khin tc ng c, tit kim nng lng 2. La chn phng n mch iu khin V nhng u im trnh by trn nn s s dng phng php iu ch vect khng gian SVM trong n ny. y l mt phng php tin tin, ngy cng c s dng nhiu, tnh chnh xc cao do s dng k thut s. Trong cc phn sau s trnh by c th hn v mch lc v mch iu khin cho nghch lu in p vi tn s ra thay i.

10

V c Tn TH4-K50

Chng II: Tnh ton mch ng lc

I. Tnh ton b nghch lu

Hnh 7. S mch NLL ngun in p 3 pha S dng hnh thc lm mt van t nhin: + h s d tr dng in: ki = 5 . + h s d tr in p:

k u = 1, 4 .

1. Tnh ton chn van IGBT *) in p ln nht t ln van: U V max (V). Xt ti thi im van V1 m, van V4 dn: Cc C ca V1 ni vi cc dng ca ngun

Vg

Van V4 thng ni cc E ca V1 vi cc m ca ngun

Vg
Nh vy in p ln nht t ln cc van IGBT l:

U V max = V g =

2.3 2.3 .U dm = .127 = 359,21(V ) Hnh 8. V1 kha, V4 thng 2.q 2.0,75

Trong q l h s bin iu. (0 < q < 0.866) *) Dng in trung bnh i qua van: Biu thc dng trung bnh qua van ng lc trong mt chu k in p ra:

I m sin(t )[1 + q sin(t + )]dt I V = 4.

0

Rt gn ta c:

Dng trung bnh qua van s ln nht vi tn s thp l:

I m q I V = 2 (1 + 4 cos )

IV

2 Dng in v in p nh mc ca van cn chn l: U Vdm = k u.U V max = 1,4.359,21 503(V )

I m (1 + q) =

2.I dm 2.20 (1 + q ) = (1 + 0,75) = 24,75( A) 2 2

I Vdm = k i.I V = 5.24,75 124( A)

11

V c Tn TH4-K50

T 2 thng s trn ta chn IGBT GA200SA60U ca hng IR c cc thng s chnh : + Loi v SOT227 + I dm = 200 A + U dm = 600V +

P d max = 500W

+ V ce = 1,90V

I ce = 1000 A

2. Tnh ton chn Diode *) in p ngc ln nht t trn van U Dng max : Xt thi im van V1 , D4 kha v van V4 , D1 thng: Cc Anode cua D4 c ni vi cc m ca Vg. Cc Kathode ca D4 do van D1 thng nn ni vi cc dng ca V g Nh vy in p ngc ln nht t ln van *) Dng in trung bnh i qua Diode: I D Hnh 9. V4, D1 thng Biu thc dng in trung bnh i qua Diode trong mt chu k in p ra l:

U Dng max = V g

1 I D = 2 I m sin(t )t2dt 0

Gi tr cc i ca dng trung bnh qua Diode:

ID=

I m (1 q) = 2 I dm (1 q) =
2 2

Dng in v in p nh mc ca Diode cn chn l:

220 (1 0,75) = 3,53( A) 2

U Ddm = k u.U Dng max = 1,4.359,21 503(V ) I Ddm = k i.I Dng max = 5.3,53 = 17,65( A)

T 2 thng s trn ta chn DIODE 1n2455r c cc thng s chnh sau: I dm = 20 A v U dm = 600V Tn hao in p trng thi m ca van: U = 1,1V Dng in r nhit 25C : I r = 5( mA) Nhit cho php: 150C 3. Tnh gi tr t C

Co =

Chn ch lm vic nng nht vi U c = 0,1 g = 0,1.359,21 = 35,921(V ) V Thay s ta c:

3 q.I m 30 sin 2 2 f s.U c 2

Co =

3 0,75. 2.20 2 sin 30 1,28.105 ( F ) = 12,8( F ) 4 2 10 .35,921

12

V c Tn TH4-K50

II. Tnh ton b bin i DC-DC

B bin i xung p mt chiu DC-DC dng iu chnh in p mt chiu u vo cho mch lc ca nghch lu, m bo cho in p ra trn ti c bin theo yu cu ca bi. 1. Nguyn l lm vic Van c tc dng np nng lng cho cun cm L mc ni tip gia ti vi ngun. + Khi van T thng cun L np nng lng bng dng in iv i t ngun qua L v van T: L

diL =E dt
Hnh 10. DC-DC

+ Khi van kha dng qua cun cm tip tc c duy tr bng dng qua dit D v ph ti: L

diL = E Vg . dt
UL

Vi Vg=const, dng qua cun L c dng do nu I min v I max l cc gi tr ln nht E v nh nht ca dng qua cun cm, ta c: + 0 t < t x : iL = I min + +

tuyn

tnh,

E t L
E -U

tx 0
t

2 T

t x t < T : iL = I min
+ Ti

E Vg L

(t t x )
Im x a

t = t x : I min + E = tx L

E t x = I max L

I = I max I min

Im in

iv
0

Trong ch xc lp: p E1, dng IL

iD

Hnh 11. in

E Vg Imin = Imax (T tx ) L E Vg E T (T t x ) = t x Vg = E L L T tx 1 t E t = x l tham s iu chnh, 0 < < 1 Vg = 1 T V 0 < < 1 nn Vg > E , b bin i lm vic ging nh my bin p tng p vi h iL (t = 0) = iL (t = T )
s bin p l

2. Tham s iu chnh
13

1 1

V c Tn TH4-K50

V g = 359, 21V 360V

Yu cu bi ton thit k t ra l bin i in p E=220V ban u thnh ngun p

Mi quan h gia in p u ra v u vo ca b bin i nh sau:

V g = 1 E =1
Mt khc =

Vg

=1

220 0,39 360

Xung pht vo IGBT c ly t chn RDO ca vi iu khin c tn s

tx t x = .T T

f = 10kHz T = 104 s t x = 0,39.104 s = 0,039(ms )

3. Tnh ton chn van IGBT *) in p ln nht t trn van U T max : Khi van T kha th van D s thng nn in p t trn van T chnh l

Vg

U T max = V g = 360V .
*) Dng trung bnh qua van Ta c:

I v = 1 I t Trong I t : l dng tiu th trung bnh ca b nghch lu t ngun.

Chn ch lm vic nng nht l khi cos = 1

I v:

I t = 4 q I m cos

3 0,39 I t = 0,75. 2.20 16( A) I v = .16 10,23( A) 4 1 0,39

Dng in v in p nh mc ca van cn chn l:

U vdm = 503V I vdm = k i.I v = 5.10,23 = 51,15( A)

+ V ce = 1,5V +

T cc thng s trn ta chn IGBT IRG4PC40S ca hng IR c cc thng s chnh: + Loi v TO247(B) + U dm = 600V + I dm = 60 A +

P d max = 160W

I ce = 250 A

4. Tnh ton chn Diode *) in p ngc ln nht t ln Diode: Khi van T thng th Diode s kha nn in p ngc ln nht t ln Diode cng l V g U dng max = V g = 360V . *) Dng in trung bnh qua Diode: Ta c:

I I d = 1 t

16 26,23( A) . 1 0,39

Dng in v in p nh mc ca diode cn chn l:

I dm = k i.I d = 5.26,23 = 131,15( A) U dm = 503V

14

V c Tn TH4-K50

T cc thng s trn ta chn Diode CR150-060 c cc thng s chnh nh sau: + I dm = 150 A + U dm = 600V + U d = 1,1V +Nhit cho php Tcp = 200C + I r = 1mA

5. Tnh ton chn cun cm L v t in C + Cun cm L:

E E L = .T . vi iu kin sai s I v = 0,1.I v L I v 220 L = 0,39.104. 6,98.104 ( H ) = 6,98( mH ) 0,1.10, 23 I v = .T .

+ T in C:

Vg = .T .

It I C = .T . t vi iu kin sai s Vg = 0,1.Vg C Vg C = 0,39.104.

10,23 = 1,11.105 ( F ) = 11,1( F ) 0,1.360 So snh gi tr Co = 12,8 F ca b nghch lu v gi tr C = 11,1 F ca b DCDC, ta s dng Co chung cho 2 b nghch lu v DC-DC. III. Tnh ton mch bo v van bn dn
1. Mch tr gip van (Snubber Circuit) Qu ti dng in a IGBT ra khi trng thi bo ha dn n cng sut pht nhit tng ln t ngt, ph hy phn t. Khi kha IGBT li trong mt thi gian rt ngn khi dng in ln dn n tc tng gim dng dI/dt qu ln trn C-E lp tc nh thng phn t, n khng ch xy ra trong ch s c m cn xy ra khi tt ngun, khi dng t ngt hot ng, ngha l trong ch vn hnh bnh thng. y ta s dng mch tr gip RC mc song song vi van (hnh 12). + Van IGBT IRG4PC40S s dng trong b nghch lu ng ct dng in I o = 20 A di in p E o = 360V , vi tn s chuyn mch l f s = 20kHz , t k sinh ca bn thn van l

C p = 800 pF , ta chn cc thng s mch RC: Cs = 2000 pF , Rs = Eo / I o = 360 / 20 = 18()

+ Van IGBT SGL60N90DTU c s dng trong b DC-DC ng ct dng in I o = 10 A di in p E o = 360V .vi tn s chuyn mch l f s = 10kHz ,t k sinh ca bn thn van l

C p = 114 pF , ta chn cc thng s mch RC : Cs = 150 pF , Rs = Eo / I o = 360 /10 = 36() .

Hnh 12. Mch bo v

2. Lm mt van bn dn S dng phng php lm mt t nhin.

15

V c Tn TH4-K50

Chng 3 M phng b bin i

Hnh 13. S m phng Cc khi trong s m phng

Khi tham_so_dau_ra: khi ny c chc nng nh gi tr u ra vi hai tham

s,h s bin iu m v tn s dng in ra f.

Khi khoi_tao_xung:khi ny nhn hai tham s m,f v s dng thut ton

SVM iu ch thnh 6 xung pht vo 6 van ca mch lc.

Khi mach_luc:mch lc 6 IGBT u theo s cu 3 pha,nhn cc xung

iu khin dn dng theo qui lut to dng ra mong mun.

Khi DC_DC :khi ny l b bm xung mt chiu song song c tc dng nng

mc in p ln t uc in p u ra mong mun.
Khi tai_RL_noi_tiep: y l ti gm R v L ni tip,c gi tr to cho = 30

.
Khi Do Upha v Do Ipha chc nng nh Ampe k v Von k o U pha

v Ipha. K Khi Scope ging nh oscilloscope xut ra hnh nh ca U v I.

16

V c Tn TH4-K50

Hnh 14. Dng xung iu khin

Hnh 15. Dng in p (pha a) v dng in ba pha i vi = 30

17

V c Tn TH4-K50

Chng 4 Thit k mch iu khin

I. Phn cng
M
S

a c
W 1

r e s e

+ 5

1 0 K

a c h
+ 5 V D

a p
2 K 0 . 1 u F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 M A A A A A A V O O R R V R L C R N 0 / R B N 1 / R B N 2 / R B N 3 / R B N 4 / R B N 5 / R B S S S C 1 / C S C 2 / C C 1 3 C 1 4 D D D 1 O 1 2 3 4 5 A A M M M M M M V V 1 1 2 2 3 3 2 D D2 S S2 L / R2 H / R2 L / R2 H / R2 L / R2 H / R2 D D 1 S 5S 1 1 F 2 1 F 3 1 / R 1E D 0 8 7 6 E 0 5 4E 1 E 2 3 2E 3 E 4 1 0E 5 9 8 7 6 58 + 5 V D

P P P P P P

W W W W W W

M M M M M M

1 4 3 6 5 2

1 K

.
3 3 p 2 0 M 3 3 p H z + 5 V D 1 1 1 1 1

0 1 2 3 4

P W P W P W P W P W P W L K I L K O / R F

V CV R R

L T A R

a c h

a o

g d s P ic 3 0 F 2 0 1 0
.

Hnh 16. Mch dsPIC30F2010 1. Gii thiu v vi iu khin DSPIC30F2010 DSPIC30F2010 l b iu khin s 16 bit ca hng Microchip c cc tnh nng nh: B nh chng trnh/b nh lnh: 12K/4K. Dung lng SRAM: 512 Bytes. Dung lng EEPROM: 1024 Bytes. Ba b timer 16-bit. Bn b Input Capture. Hai b Output Compare/Standard PWM. Su knh chuyn dng iu khin motor PWM. Su knh chuyn i A/D 10bit. H tr Quandrature Encoder Interface. Mt giao tip UART. Mt giao tip SPI. Mt giao tip I2C. 2. Cc Module c s dng Module ADC Module TIMER Module PWM 3. Mch ngoi vi Mch reset: c tc dng khi ng li vi iu khin. Mch dao ng thch anh: Thch anh tn s 20MHz cung cp xung dao ng cho vi iu khin. T lc C1=C2=33pf gip n nh xung dao ng do thch anh to ra. Mch phn p: l u vo cho b chuyn i tng t s ADC, qua c th iu chnh di tn lm vic cho ngun 3 pha. IGBT driver HCPL-316J: tip nhn xung t PWM, x l v pht vo mch lc.
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V c Tn TH4-K50

II. Phn lp trnh iu khin pht xung

Hnh 17. S iu khin

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1. iu chnh tn s da vo mch phn p bn ngoi S dng Module ADC, phn gii 10 bit, ng vo AN0. Vi gii iu chnh tn s 40 400(Hz), chn cc in p: 0V ng vi 40Hz. 5V ng vi 400Hz. Tn s f = 40 + 72 V ( Hz ) Trong V l in p ng vo ADC. 2. Khai bo cc hng s, thit lp Module PWM 2.1 Khai bo cc bin Khai bo cc bin nguyn s dng trong chng trnh. Hnh 18. B phn p Gc nh v vect u trong khng gian. Thi gian pht xung: ti, t1, t2, tpwm. Theo tpwm =ti +t1 + t2= 2.ts=2.( to + tt + tp) Khai bo tn s s thc thi lnh v tn s PWM FCY= 5000000; FPWM= 10000; 2.2 Thit lp Module PWM Thit lp Module PWM lm vic ch b tc l cc cp chn ra PWM1L&PWM1H, PWM2L&PWM2H, PWM3L&PWM3H pht xung ngc nhau. Thit lp Module PWM h tr ng ra ging hng theo im gia. Khi s dng Module PWM theo cch ny th Tpwm=2 Ts. Thit lp tn s fpwm bng cch gn gi tr cho thanh ghi PTPER.Chn h s PTMR Prescaler bng mt. PTPER = (FCY/FPWM - 1) /2 Chu k xung bng 2 ln chu k chu k nhim v nn trnh phin h cho tnh ton sau ny ta gn tpwm=2 PTPER. 3. Cp nhp gc v lp bng gi tr sinetable[ ] 3.1 Cp nhp gc Khi to gc =0. Gc c cp nhp sau mi chu k T pwm, gi m l s ln cp nht trong mt chu k in: m =
t t pwm = f pwm f

Tnh ton bc nhy sau mi chu k Tpwm f pwm 2 = = 2 m f

3.2 Lp bng sintable[] Bng ny ghi li cc gi tr:

sin = sin(0 + i.)

vo mng sintable[] vi i = 0
m m ; trong l s ln cp nht trong mi sector. 6 6

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4. Lp trnh pht xung Thc hin vng lp sau mi chu k tpwm: Bt u gc c update =+ Sau da vo gc xc nh v tr ca vector u trong khng gian. C th: nu (n 1) < n th u s nm trong sector n v qua xc
3 3

nh c vevtor bin chun tri Un+1, phi Un v vector khng Uo,U7. Tnh ton thi gian pht xung ti = 2to, t1 = 2tp, t2 = 2tt. Kt hp vi cc vector bin chun xc nh thc hin pht xung qua cc chn PWM bng cch t cc thi gian tng ng ln cc thanh ghi PDCX

Hnh 19. S xung pht vo cc van sector 1 + Sector 1 + Sector 3 + Sector 5 PDC1 = 2tp + 2tt + to PDC1= to PDC1 = 2tt + to PDC2 = 2tt + to PDC2 = 2tp + 2tt + to PDC2 = to PDC3 = to PDC3 = 2tt + to PDC3 = 2tp + 2tt + to + Sector 2 + Sector 4 + Sector 6 PDC1 = 2tp + to PDC1 = to PDC1 = 2tp + 2tt + to PDC2 = 2tp + 2tt + to PDC2 = 2tp + to PDC2 = to PDC3 = to PDC3 = 2tp + 2tt + to PDC3 = 2tp + to Nhn xt Trong mt chu k Ts van chuyn mch mt ln, trong khi Fs=2*FPWM=20000Hz.Vy tn s chuyn mch ca van l 20000Hz. Xung pht ra t Module PWM c a vo IGBT driver.

5. IGBT driver HCPL-316J

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Hnh 20. HCPL-316J Ngun: VCC1 = +5V ; VEE = 5V ; VCC 2 = +18V ; ly t mch ngun phn III (hnh 21) di y. Tn hiu vo: xung PWM t chn vi iu khin vo chn Vin+, chn Vin- c ni t. Tn hiu ra: chn Vout cp tn hiu iu khin vo cc G ca IGBT qua in tr RG. Tn hiu DESAT: c ly t Collector qua iot DDESAT qua mt mch lc tn s thp bng in tr 100 v t 100pF, a vo chn 14 ca IC. Mc in p chn 14 c theo di pht hin mc bo ha ca IBGT. Nu in p ny ln hn 7V sau khi c tn hiu iu khin m IGBT chng t c qu dng in,mch x l logic kha mm s pht tn hiu kha v t ng tng in tr a n cc n c 500 , ln hn 10 ln so vi khi kha m thng thng. 6. Lp trnh pht xung vo IGBT ca mch DC-DC Thut ton: Bc 1.Thit lp chn RD0 ca dsPic30F2010 (hnh 16) l chn output. Bc 2. Xut chn RD0 mc cao. Bc 3.Thc hin tr trong thi gian T (ms). Bc 4.Xut chn RD0 mc thp. Bc 5.Thc hin tr trong thi gian T (1 ) (ms) Bc 6.Quay li bc 2. Ghi ch: * T l chu k ca xung pht vo IGBT ca mch DC-DC. * l tham s iu chnh.

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III. Mch ngun cung cp cho vi iu khin v IGBT Driver

Hnh 21. Mch ngun Vi iu khin s dng 3 ngun in p 1 chiu +5V cn 7 IGBT driver s dng 7 ngun in p 1 chiu +18V v -5V v vy ta phi thit k mch ngun 1 chiu cung cp cho cc chi tit ny. 1. Thit k ngun DC +5V cho vi iu khin: + Ngun 1 chiu E (U vo) ban u c cung cp cho b nghch lu p 1 pha, tn s ng ct ca van IGBT l f = 20kHz . Hnh 22. Ngun cho dsPic Coi ngun E u vo l l tng th in p u ra u1 (t ) s c dng xung vung.
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V c Tn TH4-K50 + in p u1 (t ) ny c a vo cun s cp ca my bin p xung thay i bin ca xung theo yu cu to thnh in p u 2 (t ) . + in p u 2 (t ) c a vo b chnh lu cu 1 pha. u ra ca b chnh lu c

ni vi cc t lc v vi mch n p 7805 to ra in p DC +5V c n nh cao cung cp cho vi iu khin. 2. Thit k ngun DC +18V v -5V cho IGBT driver: + in p u1 (t ) c a vo cun s cp ca my bin p xung. Cun th cp ca bin p xung ny c im gia ni t to thnh 2 in p u 3 (t ) v u 4 (t ) ngc pha nhau. + in p u 3 (t ) c a qua b chnh lu cu 1 pha, qua b lc RC to thnh in p 1 chiu. ng thi di tc dng n p ca Diode Zener DZ18, in p 1 chiu ny s n nh gi tr 18V. Hnh 23. Ngun cho IGBT driver u 4 (t ) cng c a qua b chinh lu cu 1 pha. Di tc dng + Tng t in p ca b lc RC v Diode DZ5, in p 1 chiu u ra s n nh gi tr -5V. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Ti liu tham kho

Gio trnh in t cng sut-Trn Trng Minh-Nxb Gio dc. in t cng sut-V Minh Chnh, Phm Quc Hi, Trn Trng Minh-

Nxb Khoa hc k thut. in t tng t-Nguyn Trinh ng, L Hi Sm, Lng Ngc Hi, Nguyn Quc Cng-Nxb gio dc.

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