Bai Tap Hoa Hoc 11

Trng THPT Quang Trung
Bm st chng trnh chun
Tit 1:
BI TP N TP
I. Mc tiu: Rn luyn k nng gii bi tp v nguyn t, cn bng phn ng oxi ho kh, tnh phn trm khi lng. II. Trng tm: Nguyn t, cn bng phn ng, % khi lng. III. Chun b: Gio n, hc sinh n li kin thc hc lp 10 IV.Tin trnh ln lp: 1/ n nh lp 2/ Bi c: 3/ Bi mi Hot ng ca thy v tr Hot ng 1: GV: Chp ln bng, GV yu cu HS tho lun theo bn, GV gi 1 HS ln trnh by. Ni dung Bi 1: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht p, n v e bng 40, tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht khng mang in l 12. Xc nh Z, A v vit cu hnh e ca nguyn t X, cho bit v tr nguyn t X trong BTH Gii: Ta c: p + n + e = 40 M p = e = Z 2p + n = 40 (1) Theo bi rat ta c 2p n = 12 (2) T (1) v (2) ta c: p = Z =13, n = 14 A = Z + n = 13 + 14 = 27 Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X l: 1s22s22p63s23p1 - th 13 - Chu k 3 - Nhm chnh nhm IIIA Bi 2: Cn bng cc phng trnh sau y bng phng php cn bng phn ng oxi ho kh. Al + HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + NO + H2O
Fe + H2SO4 () t Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + H2O
HS: Ln bng trnh by
Hot ng 2: GV: Chp ln bng
Gii: GV: yu cu 2 HS ln trnh by, cc Al + HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + NO + H2O em cn li lm vo v nhp v quan +3 0 Al + 3e st 1x Al HS: Ln bng trnh by +2 +5 1x N + 3e N
Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh 1
0 +5 +3 +2
Al + 4HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O

0 0 +6
t

+4
+3 +3
Fe + H2SO4 () Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + H2O
GV: Nhc li 4 bc lp phng trnh phn ng oxi ho kh cng HS kim ta li bi lm ca cc bn trn bng
3 Fe Fe + 3e 2 S + 2e S
2Fe + 6H2SO4 () +6 +4
t Fe2(SO4)3 +3SO2 + 6H2O
Bi 3: Cho 1,5 gam hn hp gm Nhm v Magi vo dd HCl c nng 1 mol/l Hot ng 3: ngi ta thu c 1,68 lt kh ( ktc) GV: Chp ln bng a/ Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi. b/ Th tch axit dung. Gii: HS: Hc sinh quan st v suy ngh 2AlCl3 + 3H2 2Al + 6HCl cch lm bi. x 3x 3/2x Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2 y 2y y Gi x, y ln lt l s mol ca Al, Mg GV: Yu cu HS ln trnh by Ta c: 27x + 24y = 1,5 x = 1/30 3/2x + y = 0,075 y = 0,025 GV: Gi HS nhn xt % Mg =
0,025.24 .100 = 40% 1,5 1 + 2.0,025 = 0,15(mol ) 30
% Al = 60 %
n HCl = 3x + 2 y = 3. V = n 0,15 = = 0,15(l ) CM 1
Hot ng 4: Cng c - dn d - Cn bng phng trnh sau y bng phng php cn bng phn ng oxi ho kh. Al + HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + N2 + H2O FexOy + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O - BTVN: Ho tan hon ton 1,12 g kim loi ho tr II vo dd HCl thu c 0,448 lt kh ktc. Kim loi cho l: A. Mg B. Zn C.Cu D. Fe - Chun b bi in li sgk 11
Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh
Tit 2:
BI TP S IN LI AXIT, BAZ V MUI
I. Mc tiu: Vit phng trnh in li, phn bit c cht in li mnh, yu; gii thch c tnh axit, baz, theo thuyt Arniut, hiroxit lng tnh. II. Trng tm: S in li, axit, baz v hiroxit lng tnh. III. Chun b: GV:Gio n HS: n tp l thuyt cc bi trc IV.Tin trnh ln lp: 1/ n nh lp 2/ Bi c: - Trnh by nh ngha Axit, baz theo thuyt Arniut . Cho v d - Trnh by nh ngha hiroxit lng tnh. Vit phng trnh chng minh Sn(OH)2 l hiroxit lng tnh. 3/ Bi mi Hot ng ca thy v tr Hot ng 1: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 1: Vit phng trnh in li ca cc cht trong dd sau: HBrO4, CuSO4, Ba(NO3)2, HClO, HCN. Cho bit cht no l cht in li mnh, cht no l cht in li yu. HS: Chp GV: Yu cu 1 HS ln bng gii, cc HS cn li lm nhp v theo di bi bn lm. GV: Yu cu 1 HS nhn xt, GV nhn xt ghi im. Ni dung Bi 1: Vit phng trnh in li ca cc cht trong dd sau: HBrO4, CuSO4, Ba(NO3)2, HClO, HCN. Cho bit cht no l cht in li mnh, cht no l cht in li yu.
Gii:
H+ + BrO4HBrO4 Cu2+ + SO 2 CuSO4 4 2+ Ba(NO3)2 Ba + 2NO 3 HClO H+ + ClOHCN H+ + CNHBrO4, CuSO4, Ba(NO3)2 l cht in li mnh. HClO, HCN l cht in li yu. Bi 2: Hot ng 2: Vit phng trnh in li ca hiroxit lng GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS tnh Al(OH)3. chp vo v. Bi 2: Vit phng trnh in li ca hiroxit lng tnh Al(OH)3. Gii: HS: Chp GV: Yu cu HS suy ngh 3 pht, Al(OH)3 Al3+ + 3OHsau gi 1 HS ln bng gii. GV Al(OH)3 H3O+ + AlO 2 quan st cc HS lm bi. Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh 3
GV: Nhn xt, hng dn li Hot ng 3: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 3: Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi cho Al2(SO4)3 tc dng vi NaOH d. HS: Chp GV: Yu cu HS suy ngh , sau gi 1 HS ln bng gii. Cc HS cn li ly nhp ra lm bi v theo di bi bn lm. HS: Ln bng trnh by GV: Nhn xt, hng dn li, lu cho HS phn hiroxit lng tnh. Hot ng 4: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 4: Da vo thuyt Arniut. Gii thch NH3 l mt baz. HS: Chp GV: Yu cu 1 HS ln bng gii, cc HS cn li lm nhp v theo di bi bn lm. HS: Ln bng trnh by GV: Nhn xt, hng dn li Hot ng 5: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 5: Trong mt dd c cha a mol Ca2+, b mol Mg2+, c mol Cl-, d mol NO 3 . a/ Lp biu thc lin h a, b, c, d. b/ Nu a = 0,01; c = 0,01; d = 0,03 th b bng bao nhiu. HS: Chp GV: Hng dn HS cch gii. HS: Ch nghe ging Bi 3: Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi cho Al2(SO4)3 tc dng vi NaOH d.
Gii:
Al2(SO4)3 + 6NaOH 2Al(OH)3 + 3Na2SO4 Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + 2H2O
Bi 4: Da vo thuyt Arniut. Gii thch NH3 l mt baz.
Gii: NH3 + H2O NH + + OH4 Bi 5: Trong mt dd c cha a mol Ca2+, b mol Mg2+, c mol Cl-, d mol NO 3 . a/ Lp biu thc lin h a, b, c, d. b/ Nu a = 0,01; c = 0,01; d = 0,03 th b bng bao nhiu. Gii: a/ Trong mt dd, tng in tch ca cc cation bng tng in tch ca cc anion, v vy: 2a + 2b = c + d b/ b =
c + d 2a 0,01 + 0,03 2.0,01 = = 0,01 2 2
Hot ng 6: Cng c - dn d * Cng c: - Theo thuyt Arniut, cht no di y l axit?

A. Cr(NO3)3 B. HBrO3 C. CdSO4 D. CsOH - Theo thuyt Arniut, cht no di y l baz? A. Cr(NO3)3 B. HBrO3 C. CdSO4 D. NH3 * Dn d: Chun b bi s in li ca nc. pH. Cht ch th axit baz.
Tit 3:
BI TP. PH.
I. Mc tiu: Gii c cc bi ton lin quan n tnh pH. II. Trng tm: Cc bi tp tnh pH III. Chun b: GV:Gio n HS: n tp l thuyt cc bi trc IV.Tin trnh ln lp: 1/ n nh lp 2/ Bi c: - Trnh by khi nim pH. - Tnh pH ca dd HCl 0,01 M v dd KOH 0,001 M 3/ Bi mi Hot ng ca thy v tr Hot ng 1: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 1: Mt dd axit sunfuric c pH = 2. a/ Tnh nng mol ca axit sunfuric trong dd . Bit rng nng ny, s phn li ca axit sunfuric thnh ion c coi l hon ton. b/ Tnh nng mol ca ion OHtrong dd . HS: Chp GV: Yu cu 1 HS ln bng gii, cc HS cn li lm nhp v theo di bi bn lm. Ni dung Bi 1: Mt dd axit sunfuric c pH = 2. a/ Tnh nng mol ca axit sunfuric trong dd . Bit rng nng ny, s phn li ca axit sunfuric thnh ion c coi l hon ton. b/ Tnh nng mol ca ion OH- trong dd .
Gii: a/ pH = 2 [H+] = 10-2 = 0,01M H2SO4 2 H+ + SO 2 4

1 + 1 [H ] = .0,01 = 0,005M 2 2 14 10 b/ [OH-] = 2 = 10 12 M 10
[H2SO4] =
GV: Yu cu 1 HS nhn xt, GV nhn xt ghi im. Bi 2: Hot ng 2: Cho m gam natri vo nc, ta thu c 1,5 GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS lt dd c pH = 13. Tnh m. chp vo v.
Bi 2: Cho m gam natri vo nc, ta thu c 1,5 lt dd c pH = 13. Tnh m. Gii: HS: Chp GV: Hng dn HS cch gii. pH = 13 [H+] = 10-13 [OH-] = 10-1 = 0,1M HS: Nghe ging v hiu S mol OH- trong 1,5 lt dd bng: 0,1.1,5 = 0,15 (mol) 2Na + 2H2O 2Na+ + 2OH- + H2 S mol Na = s mol OH- = 0,15 ( mol) Khi lng Na = 0,15.23 = 3,45 gam Hot ng 3: Bi 3: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS Tnh pH ca dd cha 1,46 g HCl trong 400,0 chp vo v. ml. Bi 3: Tnh pH ca dd cha 1,46 g HCl trong 400,0 ml. Gii: HS: Chp GV: Yu cu HS suy ngh , sau 1,46 1000 1 gi 1 HS ln bng gii. Cc HS cn CM(HCl) = 36,5 . 400,0 = 0,100 M = 10 M li ly nhp ra lm bi v theo di [H+] = [HCl] = 10-1M pH = 1,0 bi bn lm. HS: Ln bng trnh by GV: Yu cu 1 HS nhn xt, GV nhn xt ghi im Hot ng 4: Bi 4: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS Tnh pH ca dd to thnh sau khi trn 100,0 chp vo v. ml dd HCl 1,00M vi 400,0 ml dd NaOH Bi 4: 0,375M. Tnh pH ca dd to thnh sau khi trn 100,0 ml dd HCl 1,00M vi 400,0 ml dd NaOH 0,375M. HS: Chp Gii: GV:Hng dn HS cch gii tnh nNaOH = 0,4.0,375 = 0,15 (mol) [OH-] nHCl = 0,1.1,000 = 0,10 ( mol) Sauk hi trn NaOH d nNaOH (d) = 0,15 0,10 = 0,05 (mol) S mol NaOH = s mol OH- = 0,05 (mol) HS: Nghe ging v hiu GV: Yu cu HS tnh [H+] v pH HS: Tnh [H+] v pH
0,05 = 0,1M 0,4 + 0,1 1,0.10 14 = 1,0.10 13 M [H+] = 1 1,0.10
[OH-] =
Vy pH = 13
Hot ng 5: Cng c - dn d * Cng c: pH ca dd CH3COOH 0,1M phi A. nh hn 1

B. ln hn 1 nhng nh hn 7 C. bng 7 D. ln hn 7 * Dn d: Chun b bi phn ng trao i ion trong dd cht in li
Tit 4: BI TP PHN NG TRAO I ION TRONG DUNG DCH CC CHT IN LI

I. Mc tiu: HS vn dng c kin thc hc gii bi tp II. Trng tm: Cc bi tp phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch cc cht in li III. Chun b: GV:Gio n HS: n tp l thuyt cc bi trc IV.Tin trnh ln lp: 1/ n nh lp 2/ Bi c: - Trnh by iu kin phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch cc cht in li. - Vit phng trnh phn t v phng trnh ion rt gn ca phn ng sau: NaHCO3 + NaOH 3/ Bi mi Hot ng ca thy v tr Hot ng 1: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 1: Vit phng trnh dng phn t ng vi phng trnh ion rt gn sau: 2 a/ Ba2+ + CO 3 BaCO3 b/ Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe(OH)3 + c/ NH 4 + OH- NH3 + H2O d/ S2- + 2H+ H2S HS: Chp GV: Yu cu 1 HS ln bng gii, cc HS cn li lm nhp v theo di bi bn lm. GV: Yu cu 1 HS nhn xt, GV nhn xt ghi im. Hot ng 2: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 2: Vit phng trnh dng phn t ca
Ni dung Bi 1: Vit phng trnh dng phn t ng vi phng trnh ion rt gn sau: 2 a/ Ba2+ + CO 3 BaCO3 b/ Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe(OH)3 + c/ NH 4 + OH- NH3 + H2O d/ S2- + 2H+ H2S
a/ Ba(NO3)2 + Na2CO3 BaCO3 + 2NaNO3 b/ Fe2(SO4)3 + 6NaOH 2Fe(OH)3 + 3Na2SO4 c/ NH4Cl + NaOH NH3 + H2O + NaCl d/ FeS + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2S
Gii:
Bi 2: a/ MgCO3 + ? MgCl2 + ?. b/ Fe2(SO4)3 + ? K2SO4 + ?

7
cc phn ng theo s sau. a/ MgCO3 + ? MgCl2 + ?. b/ Fe2(SO4)3 + ? K2SO4 + ?. HS: Chp GV: Yu cu 1 HS ln bng gii, cc HS cn li lm nhp v theo di bi bn lm. Gi HS nhn xt , ghi im Hot ng 3: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 3: Ho tan 1,952 g mui BaCl2.xH2O trong nc. Thm H2SO4 long, d vo dung dch thu c. Kt ta to thnh c lm kh v cn c 1,864 gam. Xc nh cng thc ho hc ca mui. HS: Chp GV: Yu cu HS suy ngh tho lun 5 pht, sau cho HS ln bng gii. Cc HS cn li ly nhp ra lm bi v theo di bi bn lm. HS: Ln bng trnh by GV: Nhn xt, hng dn li
a/ MgCO3 + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2O + CO2 b/ Fe2(SO4)3 + 6KOH 3K2SO4 + Fe(OH)3
Gii:
Bi 3: Ho tan 1,952 g mui BaCl2.xH2O trong nc. Thm H2SO4 long, d vo dung dch thu c. Kt ta to thnh c lm kh v cn c 1,864 gam. Xc nh cng thc ho hc ca mui. Gii:
BaCl2.xH2O + H2SO4
BaSO4 + 2HCl + 2H2O (1)
n BaSO 4 =
1,864 = 0,008(mol ) 233
Theo phng trnh (1) s mol BaSO4 = s mol BaCl2.xH2O

1,952 = 244 0,008 244 208 =2 x= 18
M=
Hot ng 4: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 4: Trn 250 ml dung dch hn hp HCl 0,08M v H2SO4 0,01M vi 250 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 c nng x (M) thu c m gam kt ta v 500 ml dung dch c pH = 12. Hy tnh m v x. Coi Ba(OH)2 in li hon ton c 2 nc. HS: Chp GV:Yu cu tnh s mol HCl ban u , s mol H2SO4 ban u , vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. HS: Tr li
CTHH ca mui l : BaCl2.2H2O Bi 4: Trn 250 ml dung dch hn hp HCl 0,08M v H2SO4 0,01M vi 250 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 c nng x (M) thu c m gam kt ta v 500 ml dung dch c pH = 12. Hy tnh m v x. Coi Ba(OH)2 in li hon ton c 2 nc. Gii: S mol HCl ban u = 0,25.0,08 = 0,02 ( mol) S mol H2SO4 ban u = 0,25.0,01= 0,0025 ( mol) Sau khi phn ng dung dch c pH =12 ngha Ba(OH)2 cn d v cc axit phn ng ht. 2HCl + Ba(OH)2 BaCl2 + 2H2O 0,02 0,01 H2SO4 + Ba(OH)2 BaSO4 + 2H2O 0,0025 0,0025 0,0025
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Khi lng kt ta: m = 0,0025.233 = 0,5825 (gam) Sau khi phn ng dung dch c pH =12 ngha l: [H+] = 10-12M [OH-] = 10-2M GV: Hng dn HS tnh khi lng S mol OH- trong dung dch = 0,01.0,5 = kt ta, Tnh nng mol ca 0,005 (mol) Ba(OH)2 . Ba(OH)2 Ba2+ + 2OHS mol Ba(OH)2 cn d =
1 s mol OH- = 2
HS: Nghe ging v hiu
0,0025 (mol) S mol Ba(OH)2 ban u = 0,01 + 0,0025 + 0,0025 = 0,015 (mol) Nng Ba(OH)2 : x =
0,015 = 0,06( M ) 0,25
Hot ng 5: Cng c - dn d * Cng c: Vit phng trnh phn t v phng trnh ion rt gn ca cc phn ng sau. a/ Pb(NO3)2 + Na2SO4 b/ Pb(OH)2 + H2SO4 * Dn d: Chun b bi thc hnh s 1
Tit 5: BI TP TNG KT CHNG S IN LI

I. Mc tiu: HS vn dng c kin thc hc gii bi tp II. Trng tm: Phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch cc cht in li, Ph ca dung dch. III. Chun b: GV:Gio n HS: n tp l thuyt cc bi trc IV.Tin trnh ln lp: 1/ n nh lp 2/ Bi c: Trn 100 ml dung dch HCl 0,1 M vi 200ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2 0,1 M c dung dch A . Tnh nng mol ca cc ion trong dung dch A. 3/ Bi mi Hot ng ca thy v tr Ni dung Hot ng 1: Bi 1: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS Trong ba dung dch c cc loi ion sau: 2 chp vo v. Ba2+, Mg2+, Na+, SO 2 , CO 3 v NO 3 4 Bi 1: Mi dung dch ch cha mt loi cation v Trong ba dung dch c cc loi ion mt loi anion. sau: a/ Cho bit l 3 dd mui g

2 3
Ba , Mg , Na , SO , CO
3
2+
2+
2 4
v NO b/ Hy chn dung dch axit thch hp nhn bit 3 dung dch mui ny.
Mi dung dch ch cha mt loi cation v mt loi anion. a/ Cho bit l 3 dd mui g b/ Hy chn dung dch axit thch hp nhn bit 3 dung dch mui ny. HS: Chp GV: Yu cu 1 HS ln bng gii, cc HS cn li lm nhp v theo di bi bn lm. GV: Yu cu 1 HS nhn xt, GV nhn xt ghi im. Hot ng 2: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 2: 150 ml dung dch KOH vo 50 ml dung dch H2SO4 1M, dung dch tr thnh d baz. C cn dung dch thu c 11,5 gam cht rn. Tnh nng mol/lt ca dung dch KOH. HS: Chp GV: Yu cu HS tho lun , gi 1 HS ln bng trnh by HS: Ln bng trnh by GV: Yu cu 1 HS nhn xt, GV nhn xt ghi im. Hot ng 3: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 3: Thm t t 400 g dung dch H2SO4 49% vo nc v iu chnh lng nc thu c ng 2 lt dung dch A. Coi H2SO4 in li hon ton c 2 nc. a/ Tnh nng mol ca ion H+ trong dung dch A.
Gii: a/ V cc mui BaSO4, BaCO3, MgCO3 khng tan nn ba dung dch phi l dung dch Ba(NO3)2, dung dch MgSO4 v dung dch Na2CO3. b/ Cho dung dch H2SO4 vo c 3 dung dch . dung dch Na2CO3 c si bt: Na2CO3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2 dung dch Ba(NO3)2, xut hin kt ta trng. Ba(NO3)2 + H2SO4 BaSO4 + 2HNO3 Dung dch MgSO4 vn trong sut. Bi 2: 150 ml dung dch KOH vo 50 ml dung dch H2SO4 1M, dung dch tr thnh d baz. C cn dung dch thu c 11,5 gam cht rn. Tnh nng mol/lt ca dung dch KOH. Gii S mol H2SO4 = 0,05 (mol) V baz d nn axit phn ng ht. 2KOH + H2SO4 K2SO4 + 2H2O 0,1 0,05 0,05 (mol) C cn dung dch , thu c cht rn gm c K2SO4, KOH d
m K 2SO 4 = 0,05.174 = 8,7(gam)
mKOH(d) = 11,5 8,7 = 2,8 (gam) nKOH(d) = 2,8:56 = 0,05 (mol) S mol KOH c trong 150 ml dung dch KOH l. 0,1 + 0,05 = 0,15 (mol) Nng mol/l ca dung dch KOH: CM(KOH) = 0,15: 0,15 = 1M Bi 3: Thm t t 400 g dung dch H2SO4 49% vo nc v iu chnh lng nc thu c ng 2 lt dung dch A. Coi H2SO4 in li hon ton c 2 nc. a/ Tnh nng mol ca ion H+ trong dung dch A. b/ Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 1,8M cn thm vo 0,5 lt dung dch A thu c dung dch .
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b/ Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH + Dung dch c Ph = 1 1,8M cn thm vo 0,5 lt dung dch + Dung dch c Ph = 13 A thu c dung dch . Gii 400.49 + Dung dch c Ph = 1 = 2(mol) a/ S mol H2SO4: + Dung dch c Ph = 13 100.98 GV: Yu cu 1 HS ln bng gii cu H2SO4 2H+ + SO 2 4 a, cc HS cn li lm nhp v theo 2 4 (mol) di bi bn lm. 4 Nng H+ trong dung dch A l : = 2M HS: Ln bng trnh by 2 GV: Gi HS nhn xt GV: Hng dn HS lm cu b b/ S mol H+ trong 0,5 lt dung dch A l : 2.0,5 = 1 (mol) t th tch dung dch NaOH l x th s mol NaOH trong l 1,8x. NaOH Na+ + OH1,8x 1,8x 1,8x Axit d + Ph = 1 H+ + OH- H2O Ban u : 1 1,8x Phn ng: 1,8x Cn d : 1 -1,8x Nng H+ sau phn ng:
1 1,8 x = 0,1M x = 0,5(l ) 0,5 + x + Ph = 13 Baz d H+ + OH- H2O
HS: Nghe ging v hiu
Ban u : 1 1,8x Phn ng: 1 1 Cn d : 1,8x 1 Sau phn ng Ph = 13 [H+] = 10-13M [OH-] = 10-1M
1,8 x 1 = 0,1M x = 0,62(l ) 0,5 + x
Hot ng 4: Cng c - dn d * Cng c: Trong dung dch A c cc ion K+, Mg2+, Fe3+ v Cl- . Nu c cn dung dch s thu c hn hp nhng mui no. Dn d: Chun b bi Amoniac v mui Amoni
Tit 6:
BI TP NIT V AMONIAC
I. Mc tiu: HS vn dng c kin thc hc gii bi tp II. Trng tm:

Bi tp nit v Amoniac. III. Chun b: GV:Gio n HS: n tp l thuyt cc bi trc IV.Tin trnh ln lp: 1/ n nh lp 2/ Bi c: Trnh by tnh cht ha hc ca amoniac. 3/ Bi mi Hot ng ca thy v tr Hot ng 1: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 1: Trong mt bnh kn dung tch 10 lt cha 21 gam nit. Tnh p sut ca kh trong bnh, bit nhit ca kh bng 250C. HS: Chp GV: Yu cu 1 HS ln bng gii, cc HS cn li lm nhp v theo di bi bn lm. GV: Yu cu 1 HS nhn xt, GV nhn xt ghi im. Hot ng 2: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 2: Nn mt hn hp kh gm 2 mol nit v 7 mol hiro trong mt bnh phn ng c sn cht xc tc thch hp v nhit ca bnh c gi khng i 4500C. Sau phn ng thu c 8,2 mol hn hp kh. a/ Tnh phn trm s mol nit phn ng . b/ Tnh th tch (kt) kh ammoniac c to thnh. HS: Chp GV: Yu cu HS tho lun. GV: Hng dn HS cch lm bi HS:Nghe ging v hiu Ni dung Bi 1: Trong mt bnh kn dung tch 10 lt cha 21 gam nit. Tnh p sut ca kh trong bnh, bit nhit ca kh bng 250C. Gii: S mol kh N2: p=
21 = 0,75(mol ) 28
p sut ca kh N2:
nRT 0,75.0,082(25 + 273) = = 1,83( atm) V 10
Bi 2: Nn mt hn hp kh gm 2 mol nit v 7 mol hiro trong mt bnh phn ng c sn cht xc tc thch hp v nhit ca bnh c gi khng i 4500C. Sau phn ng thu c 8,2 mol hn hp kh. a/ Tnh phn trm s mol nit phn ng . b/ Tnh th tch (kt) kh ammoniac c to thnh. Gii N2 (k) + 3H2 (k) 2NH3(k)
S mol kh ban u: 2 S mol kh phn ng: x S mol kh lc cn bng: 2-x 7 3x 7 3x 0 2x 2x
Tng s mol kh lc cn bng: 2 x + 7 3x + 2x = 9 2x Theo ra: 9 2x = 8,2 x = 0,4 a/ Phn trm s mol nit phn ng
0,4.100% = 20% 2
HS: T tnh phn trm s mol nit b/ Th tch (kt) kh ammoniac c to phn ng, th tch (kt) kh thnh: 2.0,4. 22,4 = 17,9 (lt) ammoniac c to thnh. Hot ng 3: Bi 3:
GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 3: Cho lng d kh ammoniac i t t qua ng s cha 3,2 g CuO nung nng n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c cht rn A v mt hn hp kh. Cht rn A phn ng va vi 20 ml dung dch HCl 1 M a/ Vit pthh ca cc phn ng. b/ Tnh th tch nit ( ktc) c to thnh sau phn ng. GV: Yu cu HS tho lun. GV: Hng dn HS cch vit pt.
Cho lng d kh ammoniac i t t qua ng s cha 3,2 g CuO nung nng n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c cht rn A v mt hn hp kh. Cht rn A phn ng va vi 20 ml dung dch HCl 1 M a/ Vit pthh ca cc phn ng. b/ Tnh th tch nit ( ktc) c to thnh sau phn ng. Gii a/ pthh ca cc phn ng. t C 2NH3 + 3CuO N2 + 3Cu + 3H2O (1) Cht rn A thu c sau phn ng gm Cu v CuO cn d . ch c CuO phn ng vi dung dch HCl. CuO + 2HCl CuCl2 + H2O HS:Nghe ging v hiu b/ S mol HCl phn ng vi CuO: nHCl = 0,02( mol) Theo (2) s mol CuO d: nCuO = 1/2 s mol HCl = 0,02: 2 = 0,01 (mol) S mol CuO tham gia phn ng (1) = s mol GV:Yu cu HS ln bng trnh by cu CuO ban u s mol CuO d =
b
HS: Ln bng trnh by GV: Gi HS nhn xt
3,2 0,01 = 0,03(mol ) 80
Theo (1), s mol N2=
1 1 s mol CuO = 3 3
.0,03 = 0,01 (mol) Th tch kh nit to thnh : 0,01. 22,4 = 0,224 (lt)
Hot ng 4: Cng c - dn d * Cng c: Amoniac phn ng c vi tt c cc cht trong nhm no sau y. A. HCl, O2, Cl2, CuO, dd AlCl3 B. H2SO4, PbO, FeO, NaOH C. HCl, KOH, FeCl3, Cl2 D. KOH, HNO3, CuO, CuCl2 * Dn d: Chun b tip phn cn li bi Amoniac v mui Amoni
Tit 7:
BI TP AXIT NITRIC
I. Mc tiu: HS vn dng c kin thc hc gii bi tp II. Trng tm: Bi tp axit nitric. III. Chun b: GV:Gio n
HS: n tp l thuyt cc bi trc IV.Tin trnh ln lp: 1/ n nh lp 2/ Bi c: Trnh by tnh cht ha hc ca Axit nitric 3/ Bi mi Hot ng ca thy v tr Hot ng 1: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 1: Khi cho oxit ca mt kim loi ha tr n t dng vi dung dch HNO3 d th to thnh 34,0 g mui nitrat v 3,6 g nc ( khng c sn phm khc ). Hi l oxit kim loi no v khi lng ca oxit kim loi phn ng l bao nhiu HS: Chp GV: Hng dn HS cch vit pt, gi cch gii, yu cu HS lm HS: Tho lun lm bi Ni dung Bi 1: Khi cho oxit ca mt kim loi ha tr n t dng vi dung dch HNO3 d th to thnh 34,0 g mui nitrat v 3,6 g nc ( khng c sn phm khc ). Hi l oxit kim loi no v khi lng ca oxit kim loi phn ng l bao nhiu Gii: PTHH. M2On + 2nHNO3 2M(NO3)n + nH2O (1) Theo phn ng (1), khi to thnh 1 mol ( tc (A + 62n) g ) mui nitrat th ng thi to thnh n/2 mol ( 9n gam ) nc (A + 62n) g mui nitrat 9n g nc 34,0 g mui nitrat 3,6 g nc Ta c:
A + 62n 9n = 34 3,6
Gii pt: A = 23n. Ch c nghim n = 1, A = 23 Vy kim loi M trong oxit l natri GV: Yu cu HS cho bit kt qu Na2O + 2HNO3 2NaNO3 + H2O (2) Theo phn ng (2) C to ra 18 g nc th c 62 g Na2O GV: Yu cu HS vit pt v tnh khi phn ng lng ca oxit kim loi phn ng Vy to ra 3,6g nc th c x g Na2O phn ng HS: Vit pt v tnh khi lng ca x = (3,6.62) : 18 = 12,4 (g) oxit kim loi phn ng Hot ng 2: Bi 2: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS Chia hn hp hai kim loi Cu v Al lm 2 chp vo v. phn bng nhau. Bi 2: + Phn th nht: Cho tc dng vi dung dch Chia hn hp hai kim loi Cu v Al HNO3 c ngui thu c 8,96 lt kh NO2 lm 2 phn bng nhau. ( ktc) + Phn th nht: Cho tc dng vi + Phn th hai: Cho tc dng vi hon ton dung dch HNO3 c ngui thu c vi dung dch HCl, thu c 6,72 lt kh 8,96 lt kh NO2 ( ktc) ( ktc) + Phn th hai: Cho tc dng vi Xc nh thnh phn phn trm v khi hon ton vi dung dch HCl, thu lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp c 6,72 lt kh ( ktc) Gii Xc nh thnh phn phn trm v Phn th nht, ch c Cu phn ng vi
khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp. HS: Chp GV: Yu cu 1 HS ln bng trnh by. Cc HS cn li lm v theo di bi ca bn
HNO3 c.
Cu + 4HNO3 c Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2 H2O (1)
Phn th 2, ch c Al phn ng vi 2Al + 3HCl AlCl3 + 3H2 (2) Da vo (1) ta tnh c khi lng Cu c trong hn hp l 12,8 g. Da vo (2) ta tnh c khi lng Al c trong hn hp l 5,4 g. HS:Ln bng trnh by % khi lng ca Cu = 70, 33% GV: Gi HS nhn xt, ghi im % khi lng ca Al = 29,67% Bi 3: Hot ng 3: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS Cho 12,8 g Cu tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c, sinh ra kh NO2. Tnh th tch NO2 chp vo v. ( ktc). Bi 3: Gii Cho 12,8 g Cu tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c, sinh ra kh NO2. Cu + 4HNO3 c Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2 H2O Tnh th tch NO2 ( ktc). 0,2 0,4 (mol) HS: Chp 12,8 GV: Yu cu 1 HS ln bng trnh nCu = = 0,2(mol ) 64 by. Cc HS cn li lm v theo di V NO = 0,4.22,4 = 8,96(l ) bi ca bn HS:Ln bng trnh by GV: Gi HS nhn xt, ghi im
2
Hot ng 4: Cng c - dn d * Cng c: Ha tan 12,8 g kim loi ha tr II trong mt lng va dung dch HNO3 60% ( d = 1,365g/ml), thu c 8,96 lt ( ktc) mt kh duy nht mu nu . Tn ca kim loi v th tch dung dch HNO3 phn ng l A. Cu; 61,5 ml B. Cu; 61,1 ml C. Cu; 61,2 ml D. Cu; 61,0 ml * Dn d: Chun b tip phn cn li bi Axit v mui nitrat
Tit 8: BI TP MUI NITRAT

I. Mc tiu: HS vn dng c kin thc hc gii bi tp II. Trng tm: Bi tp mui nitrat III. Chun b: GV:Gio n HS: n tp l thuyt bi axit nitric v mui nitrat. IV.Tin trnh ln lp: 1/ n nh lp 2/ Bi c: Trnh by tnh cht ha hc ca mui nitrat 3/ Bi mi: Hot ng ca thy v tr Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh Ni dung 15
Trng THPT Quang Trung Hot ng 1: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 1: Nhit phn hon ton 27,3 gam hn hp rn gm NaNO3 v Cu(NO3)2, thu c hn hp kh c th tch 6,72 lt ( ktc). Tnh thnh phn % v khi lng ca mi mui trong hn hp X. HS: Chp GV: Hng dn HS cch vit pt, gi cch gii, yu cu HS lm HS: Tho lun lm bi GV: Yu cu HS ln bng gii HS: Ln bng trnh by GV: Nhn xt ghi im
Bm st chng trnh chun Bi 1: Nhit phn hon ton 27,3 gam hn hp rn gm NaNO3 v Cu(NO3)2, thu c hn hp kh c th tch 6,72 lt ( ktc). Tnh thnh phn % v khi lng ca mi mui trong hn hp X. Gii: 2NaNO3 2NaNO2 + O2 (1) x 0,5x ( mol) t0 2Cu(NO3)2 2CuO + 4NO2 + O2 (2) y y 2y 0,5y ( mol) Gi x v y l s mol ca NaNO 3 v Cu(NO3)2 trong hn hp X. Theo cc phn ng (1) v (2) v theo bi ra . Ta c. 85x + 188y = 27,3 0,5x + 2y + 0,5y = 0,3 x = y = 0,1 85.0,1.100% = 31,1% % m NaNO3 = 27,3 188.0,1.100% = 68,9% % mCu ( NO3 ) 2 = 27.3 Bi 2: Nung nng 27,3 g hn hp NaNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 ; hn hp kh thot ra c dn vo 89,2 ml nc th cn d 1,12 l kh(ktc) khng b hp th. ( Lng O2 ha tan khng ng k) a/ Tnh khi lng ca mi mui trong hn hp u. b/ Tnh nng % ca dd axt
t0
Hot ng 2: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 2: Nung nng 27,3 g hn hp NaNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 ; hn hp kh thot ra c dn vo 89,2 ml nc th cn d 1,12 l kh(ktc) khng b hp th. ( Lng O2 ha tan khng ng k) a/ Tnh khi lng ca mi mui trong Gii hn hp u. t0 2NaNO3 2NaNO2 + O2 (1) b/ Tnh nng % ca dd axt. 2 1 ( mol) HS: Chp t0 2CuO + 4NO2 + O2 (2) GV: Hng dn HS cch gii, yu cu 2Cu(NO3)2 2 4 1 ( mol) HS ln bng trnh by 4 HNO3 (3) 4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O 4 1 4 ( mol) a/ Theo pt (1), (2), (3) , nu cn d 1,12 l kh ( hay 0,05 mol ) th l kh O 2, c th coi lng HS:Ln bng trnh by kh ny do mui NaNO3 phn hy to ra T (1) ta c: n NaNO3 = 2.0,05 = 0,1(mol ) m NaNO3 = 0,1.85 = 8,5( g ) mCu ( NO3 ) 2 = 27,3 8,5 = 18,8( g ) nCu ( NO3 ) 2 = 18,8 : 188 = 0,1(mol ) GV: Gi HS nhn xt, ghi im T (2) ta c: n NO2 = nO2 = Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh 0,1 .4 = 0,2( mol ) 2
0,1 .1 = 0,05(mol ) 2 16
Bm st chng trnh chun ( Cc kh ny hp th vo nc) T (3) ta c : n HNO3 = n NO2 = 0,2(mol )
Khi lng HNO3 l: 0,2.63 = 12,6 (g) Khi lng ca dung dch = 0,2.46 + 0,05.32 + 89,2 = 100 (g) C% ( HNO3) = 12,6 % Hot ng 3: Bi 3: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS Nung mt lng mui Cu(NO ). Sau mt thi 3 chp vo v. gian dng li, ngui v em cn th thy khi Bi 3: lng gim i 54g. Nung mt lng mui Cu(NO3). Sau + Khi lng Cu(NO3) b phn hy. mt thi gian dng li, ngui v + S mol cc cht kh thot ra l em cn th thy khi lng gim i 54g. + Khi lng Cu(NO3) b phn hy. Gii + S mol cc cht kh thot ra l t0 2Cu(NO3)2 2CuO + 4NO2 + O2 HS: Chp GV: Yu cu 1 HS ln bng trnh by. + C 188g mui b phn hu th khi lng gim Cc HS cn li lm v theo di bi ca : 188 80 = 108 (g) Vy x = 94 g mui b phn hu th khi lng bn gim 54 g Khi lng mui b phn hu HS:Ln bng trnh by mCu ( NO3 ) 2 = 94( g ) GV: Gi HS nhn xt, ghi im + nCu ( NO ) = 94 : 188 = 0,5(mol )
3 2
n NO2 = nO2
0,5 .4 = 1(mol ) 2 0,5 = . = 0,25(mol ) 2
Hot ng 4: Cng c - dn d * Cng c: Nung nng 66,2 g Pb (NO3)2 thu c 55,4 g cht rn. Hiu sut ca phn ng phn hy l. A. 96% B. 50% C. 31,4% D. 87,1% * Dn d: Chun b bi Axit photphoric v mui photphat
Tit 9:
BI TP. AXIT PHOTPHORIC V MUI PHOTPHAT
I. Mc tiu: HS vn dng c kin thc hc gii bi tp II. Trng tm: Bi tp axit photphori v mui photphat III. Chun b: GV:Gio n HS: n tp l thuyt bi axit photphoric v mui photphat. IV.Tin trnh ln lp: 1/ n nh lp 2/ Bi c: Trnh by tnh cht ha hc ca axit photphoric v mui photphat Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh
17
Trng THPT Quang Trung 3/ Bi mi Hot ng ca thy v tr Hot ng 1: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 1: Cho 11,76 g H3PO4 vo dung dch cha 16,8 g KOH. Tnh khi lng ca tng mui thu c sau khi cho dung dch bay hi n kh HS: Chp GV: Yu cu HS cch vit pt, gi cch gii, yu cu HS lm HS: Tho lun lm bi GV: Yu cu HS ln bng gii HS: Ln bng trnh by GV: Nhn xt ghi im Hot ng 2: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 2: Bng phng php ha hc, hy phn bit dung dch HNO3 v dung dch H3PO4 HS: Chp GV: Yu cu HS ln bng trnh by HS:Ln bng trnh by GV: Gi HS nhn xt, ghi im Hot ng 3: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 3: Bng phng php ha hc phn bit cc mui: Na3PO4, NaCl, NaBr, Na2S, NaNO3. Nu r hin tng dng phn bit v vit phng trnh ha hc ca cc phn ng HS: Chp GV: Yu cu HS chia nhm tho lun. Gi i din mt nhm ln trnh by HS:Ln bng trnh by
Bm st chng trnh chun Ni dung Bi 1: Cho 11,76 g H3PO4 vo dung dch cha 16,8 g KOH. Tnh khi lng ca tng mui thu c sau khi cho dung dch bay hi n kh Gii: H3PO4 + KOH KH2PO4 + H2O (1) H3PO4 + 2KOH K2HPO4 + 2H2O (2) H3PO4 + 3KOH K3PO4 + 3H2O (3) S mol H3PO4 0,12 (mol) S mol KOH 0,3 (mol) Da vo t l s mol gia KOH v H3PO4 12,72 g K3PO4 v 10,44g K2HPO4 Bi 2: Bng phng php ha hc, hy phn bit dung dch HNO3 v dung dch H3PO4 Gii Cho mnh kim loi Cu vo dung dch ca tng axit Cu + HNO3 () Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O Cu khng t dng vi H3PO4
GV: Gi HS nhn xt, ghi im
Bi 3: Bng phng php ha hc phn bit cc mui: Na3PO4, NaCl, NaBr, Na2S, NaNO3. Nu r hin tng dng phn bit v vit phng trnh ha hc ca cc phn ng Gii Dng dung dch AgNO3 phn bit cc mui: Na3PO4, NaCl, NaBr, Na2S, NaNO3. Ly mi mui mt t vo tng ng nghim, thm nc vo mi ng v lc cn thn ha tan ht mui. Nh dung dch AgNO3 vo tng ng nghim - dung dch no c kt ta mu trng khng tan trong axit mnh, th l dung dch NaCl NaCl + AgNO3 AgCl + NaNO3 - dung dch no c kt ta mu vng nht khng tan trong axit mnh, th l dung dch NaBr. NaBr + AgNO3 AgBr + NaNO3 - dung dch no c kt ta mu en, th l dung dch Na2S Na2S + 2AgNO3 Ag2S + 2NaNO3 - dung dch no c kt ta mu vng tan trong 18
Trng THPT Quang Trung Hot ng 4: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v Bi 4: Cho 62 g canxi photphat tc dng vi 49 g dung dch H2SO4 64%. Lm bay hi dung dch thu c n cn kh th c mt hn hp rn, bit rng cc phn ng u xy ra vi hiu sut 100% HS: Chp GV: Hng dn HS cch vit pt. Yu cu HS gii HS:Ln bng trnh by GV: Gi HS nhn xt, ghi im
Bm st chng trnh chun axit mnh, th l dung dch Na3PO4 Na3PO4 + 3AgNO3 Ag3PO4 + 3NaNO3 Bi 4: Cho 62 g canxi photphat tc dng vi 49 g dung dch H2SO4 64%. Lm bay hi dung dch thu c n cn kh th c mt hn hp rn, bit rng cc phn ng u xy ra vi hiu sut 100% Gii 2CaHPO4 + CaSO4 (1) Ca3(PO4)2 + H2SO4 Ca3(PO4)2 + 2H2SO4 Ca(H2PO4)2 + 2CaSO4 (2) Ca3(PO4)2 + 3H2SO4 H3PO4 + 3CaSO4 (3) 62 = 0,2(mol ) S mol Ca3(PO4)2 = 310 49.64 = 0,32(mol ) S mol H2SO4 = 100.98 V t l s mol H2SO4 v Ca3(PO4)2 l 1,6 Nn xy ra phn ng (1) v (2). Gi a v b l s mol Ca3(PO4)2 tham gia cc phn ng (1) v (2) Ta c h pt: a + 2b =0,32 a + b = 0,2 a = 0,08; b = 0,12 mCaHPO4 = 2.0,08.136 = 21,76( g ) mCa ( H 2 PO4 ) 2 = 0,12.234 = 28.08( g ) mCaSO4 = (a + 2b).136 = (0,08 + 0,24).136 = 45,52( g )
Hot ng 5: Cng c - dn d * Cng c: Dung dch H3PO4 c cha cc ion ( khng k ion H+v OH- ca nc) A. H+, PO 3 B. H+, PO 3 , H2PO 4 4 4 3 3 + + B. H , PO 4 , HPO 4 D. H , PO 4 , H2PO , HPO 4 4 * Dn d: Chun b bi Luyn tp trang 59
Tit 10:
BI TP AXIT NITRIC - MUI NITRAT
I. Mc tiu: HS vn dng c kin thc hc gii bi tp II. Trng tm: Bi tp axit nitric - mui nitrat III. Chun b: GV:Gio n HS: n tp l thuyt cc bi trc IV.Tin trnh ln lp: 1/ n nh lp 2/ Bi c Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh 19
Trng THPT Quang Trung Bm st chng trnh chun R(NO3)n + NO2 + H2O Cn bng phng trnh phn ng sau : R + HNO3 3/ Bi mi Hot ng ca thy v tr Hot ng 1: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 1: Mt lng 8,32 g Cu tc dng va vi 240 ml dd HNO3 , cho 4,928 l ( o ktc) hn hp gm hai kh NO v NO2 bay ra. + Tnh s mol ca NO v NO2 to ra l + Tnh nng mol/l ca dd axt ban u l HS: Chp GV: Hng dn HS cch vit pt, gi cch gii, yu cu HS lm Ni dung Bi 1: Mt lng 8,32 g Cu tc dng va vi 240 ml dd HNO3 , cho 4,928 l ( o ktc) hn hp gm hai kh NO v NO2 bay ra. + Tnh s mol ca NO v NO2 to ra l + Tnh nng mol/l ca dd axt ban u l Gii:
Cu + 4HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O x 4x 2x 3Cu + 8HNO3 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O y 8/3y 2y Theo bi ra ta c: ( x + y ).64 = 8,32 (1) 2 4,928 = 0,22 (2) 2x + y = 3 22.4 Gii (1) v (2) c x = 0,1; y = 0,03 HS: Tho lun lm bi a/ S mol ca NO2 l 2.0,1 = 0,2 (mol) 2 S mol ca NO l .0,03 = 0,02 (mol) GV: Yu cu 1 HS ln bng gii 3 b/ Tng s mol HNO3 phn ng = 4.0,1 + HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li 8 ly nhp lm bi .0,03 = 0,48 (mol) 3 Nng mol/l ca dung dch axit GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im 0,48 C M ( HNO3 ) = = 2( M ) 0,24 Hot ng 2: Bi 2: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS Mt lng 13,5 g Al tc dng va vi 2,2 l dd chp vo v. HNO3 cho bay ra mt hn hp gm hai kh NO Bi 2: v N2O. Bit t khi ca hn hp kh so vi hir Mt lng 13,5 g Al tc dng va bng 19,2. vi 2,2 l dd HNO3 cho bay ra mt hn + Tnh s mol ca NO v N2O to ra l hp gm hai kh NO v N2O. Bit t + Tnh nng mol/l ca dd axt u. khi ca hn hp kh so vi hir bng 19,2. Gii + Tnh s mol ca NO v N2O to ra l Al + 4HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O + Tnh nng mol/l ca dd axt u. x 4x 2x (mol) 8Al(NO3)3 + 3N2O + 15H2O HS: Chp 8Al + 30HNO3 GV: Gi hng dn HS cch gii, y 30/8y (= 3,75 y) 3/8y (= 0,375 y) yu cu 1 HS ln bng trnh by Theo bi ra ta c: ( x + y ).27 = 13,5 (1) 30.x + 44.0,375 y d hh / H 2 = = 19,2 HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li ( x + 0,375 y )2 ly nhp lm bi (2) Gii (1) v (2) c x = 0,1; y = 0,4 a/ S mol ca NO l = 0,1 (mol) S mol ca N2O l 0,375.0,4 = 0,15 (mol) b/ Tng s mol HNO3 phn ng = 4.0,1 + 3,75.0,4 = 1,9 (mol) Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh 20
Bm st chng trnh chun Nng mol/l ca dung dch axit 1,9 C M ( HNO3 ) = = 0,86( M ) GV: Gi HS nhn xt, ghi im 2,2 Bi 3: Nung 9,4 gam mt mui nitrat trong mt bnh Hot ng 3: kn. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton cn li 4 GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS gam oxit. Tm cng thc ca mui nitrat chp vo v. Bi 3: Nung 9,4 gam mt mui nitrat trong Gii mt bnh kn. Sau khi phn ng xy ra t0 2R(NO3)2 R2On + 2nNO2 + n/2O2 hon ton cn li 4 gam oxit. Tm cng a a/2 na na/4 thc ca mui nitrat Ta c: a.( MR + 62n) = 9,4 (1) HS: Chp 0,5.a( 2MR + 16n) = 4 (2) GV: Yu cu 1 HS ln bng trnh by. Cc HS cn li lm v theo di bi ca Ly (1) : (2) ta c MR = 32n. Khi n = 2 th MR = 64 bn Vy cng thc mui nitrat Cu(NO3)2 HS:Ln bng trnh by GV: Gi HS nhn xt, ghi im Hot ng 4: Cng c - dn d * Cng c: + Nhit phn hn hp gm 2 mui KNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 c khi lng l 95,4 gam. Khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp kh c M = 37,82. Vy khi lng mi mui trong hn hp ban u l A. 20 v 75,4 B. 20,2 v 75,2 C. 15,4 v 80 D. 30 v 65,4 + Dung dch HNO3 long tc dng vi hn hp Zn v ZnO to ra dd c cha 8 g NH4NO3 v 113,4 g Zn(NO3)2. Khi lng ca Zn v ZnO trong hn hp l A. 26; 16,2 B. 27; 23,2 C. 28; 22,2 D. 23; 24,2 * Dn d: Chun b bi Thc hnh s 2
Tit 11: BI TP TNG KT CHNG NIT - PHOTPHO

I. Mc tiu: HS vn dng c kin thc hc gii bi tp II. Trng tm: Bi tp tng kt chng nit - photpho III. Chun b: GV:Gio n HS: n tp l thuyt cc bi trc IV.Tin trnh ln lp: 1/ n nh lp 2/ Bi c: (khng kim tra) 3/ Bi mi: Hot ng ca thy v tr Hot ng 1: Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh Ni dung Bi 1: 21
Trng THPT Quang Trung GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 1: Cho 3 mol N2 v 8 mol H2 vo mt bnh kn c th tch khng i cha sn cht xc tc ( th tch khng ng k ). Bt tia la in cho phn ng xy ra, sau a v nhit ban u th thy p sut gim 10% so vi p sut ban u. Tm % v th tch ca N2 sau phn ng. HS: Chp GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. HS: Tho lun lm bi GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii
Bm st chng trnh chun Cho 3 mol N2 v 8 mol H2 vo mt bnh kn c th tch khng i cha sn cht xc tc ( th tch khng ng k ). Bt tia la in cho phn ng xy ra, sau a v nhit ban u th thy p sut gim 10% so vi p sut ban u. Tm % v th tch ca N2 sau phn ng. Gii: N2 + 3H2 2NH3 Trc phn ng 3 8 0 ( mol) Phn ng x 3x Sau phn ng 3 x 8 - 3x 2x S mol kh trc phn ng n1= 11 (mol) S mol kh sau phn ng n2= 11 2x (mol) Do bnh kn nn p sut t l vi s mol, ta c n1 P1 11 P 1 = = = x = 0,55 n 2 P2 11 2 x 0,9 P 0,9 HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li 3 0,55 ly nhp lm bi %N 2 = .100% = 24,75% 11 2.0,55 GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im Bi 2: Hot ng 2: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS Khi ha tan hon ton 1,5875 gam mt kim loi ha tr III trong dung dch HNO3 long thu c chp vo v. 604,8 ml hn hp kh N2 v NO (ktc) c t Bi 2: Khi ha tan hon ton 1,5875 gam mt khi hi so vi H2 l 14,5. Tm tn M kim loi ha tr III trong dung dch Gii HNO3 long thu c 604,8 ml hn M(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O hp kh N2 v NO (ktc) c t khi M + 4HNO3 x 4x 2x (mol) hi so vi H2 l 14,5. Tm tn M 10M(NO3)3 + 3N2 + 18H2O 10M+ 36HNO3 HS: Chp 3/10y GV: Gi hng dn HS cch gii, y 3 yu cu 1 HS ln bng trnh by y = 0,27 Theo bi ra ta c: x + (1) HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li 10 ly nhp lm bi 3 30.x + 28. y 10 = 14,5.2 d hh / H 2 = (2) 3 x+ y 10 Gii (1) v (2) c x = 0,0135; y = 0,045 S mol ca M l 0,045 + 0,0135 = 0,0585 (mol) GV: Gi HS nhn xt, ghi im 1,5875 M = = 27 0,0585 Vy M l Al Hot ng 3: Bi 3: ( 2) GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS NH4Cl (1) NH3 N2 ( 3) NO ( 4) ( 5) ( 6) chp vo v. NO2 HNO3 NaNO3 Bi 3: (7) NaNO3 ( 2) NH4Cl (1) NH3 N2 ( 3) NO ( 4) ( 6) NO2 ( 5) HNO3 NaNO3 (7) NaNO3 Gii GV: Yu cu 1 HS ln bng trnh by. 1/ NH4Cl + NaOH NH3 + H2O + NaCl Cc HS cn li lm v theo di bi ca 2/ NH3 + 3O2 t 2 N2 + 6H2O bn Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh 22
Trng THPT Quang Trung HS:Ln bng trnh by
3/ N2 + O2 t 2NO 4/ 2NO+ O2 2NO2 5/ 4NO2 + 2H2O + O2 4 HNO3 GV: Gi HS nhn xt, ghi im 6/ HNO3 + NaOH NaNO3 + H2O 7/ 2NaNO3 t 2NaNO2 + O2 Bi 4: Hot ng 4: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS Cho 500ml dung dch KOH 2M vo 500ml dung dch H3PO4 1,5M. Sau phn ng trong dung dch chp vo v. thu c cc sn phm no Bi 4: Gii Cho 500ml dung dch KOH 2M vo 500ml dung dch H3PO4 1,5M. Sau phn ng trong dung dch thu c S mol ca NaOH = 0,5.2 =1 (mol) cc sn phm no GV: Yu cu 1 HS ln bng trnh by. S mol H3PO4 = 0,5.1,5 = 0,75 (mol) Cc HS cn li lm v theo di bi ca T l 1/0,75 = 1,333 nn to hai mui NaH2PO4 , Na2HPO4 bn HS:Ln bng trnh by GV: Gi HS nhn xt, ghi im Hot ng 5: Cng c - dn d * Cng c: Ha tan 4,59 g Al bng dung dch HNO3 long thu c hn hp kh NO v N2O c t khi V N 2O i vi H2 bng 16,75. T l th tch kh trong hn hp l V NO 1 2 1 3 A. B. C. D. 3 3 4 4 Dn d: Chun b bi Cacbon
Tit 12:
BI TP CACBON V CC HP CHT CA CACBON
I. Mc tiu: HS vn dng c kin thc hc gii bi tp II. Trng tm: Bi tp cacbon v cc hp cht ca cacbon III. Chun b: GV:Gio n HS: n tp l thuyt, lm bi tp cc bi cacbon v cc hp cht ca cacbon IV.Tin trnh ln lp: 1/ n nh lp 2/ Bi c: Trnh tnh cht ca mui cacbonat 3/ Bi mi Hot ng ca thy v tr Ni dung Hot ng 1 Bi 1: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS Nung 52,65 g CaCO3 10000C v cho ton b Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh 23
Trng THPT Quang Trung chp vo v. Bi 1: Nung 52,65 g CaCO3 10000C v cho ton b lng kh thot ra hp th ht vo 500 ml dung dch NaOH 1,8 M. Khi lng mui to thnh l ( Hiu sut ca phn ng nhit phn CaCO3 l 95% ) HS: Chp GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi.
Bm st chng trnh chun lng kh thot ra hp th ht vo 500 ml dung dch NaOH 1,8 M. Khi lng mui to thnh l ( Hiu sut ca phn ng nhit phn CaCO3 l 95% ) Gii: t 0C CaCO3 CaO + CO2 52,65 nCO2 = nCaCO3 = = 0,5265(mol ) 100 V phn ng trn c h = 95% nn s mol CO2 thc t thu c 0,5265 HS: Tho lun lm bi nCO2 = .95 = 0,5002( mol ) 100 nNaOH = 0,5.1,8 = 0,9 (mol) T l s mol NaOH v CO2 n NaOH 0,9 GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii = <2 1< nCO2 0,5002 Do phn ng to 2 mui NaHCO3 v Na2CO3 HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li CO2 + 2NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O ly nhp lm bi x 2x CO2 + NaOH NaHCO3 GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im y y
Theo bi ra ta c : x + y = 0,5002 2x + y = 0,9
x = 0,3998 y = 0,1004
NaHCO3 8,438 g v Na2CO3 42,38 g Bi 2: xc nh hm lng cacbon trong mt mu thp khng cha lu hunh, ngi ta phi t mu thp trong oxi d v xc nh CO2 to thnh. Hy xc nh hm lng cacbon trong mu thp X, bit rng khi t 10g X trong oxi d ri dn ton b sn phm qua nc vi trong d th thu c 0,5 g kt ta
Hot ng 2 GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 2: xc nh hm lng cacbon trong mt mu thp khng cha lu hunh, ngi ta phi t mu thp trong oxi d v xc nh CO2 to thnh. Hy xc nh hm lng cacbon trong mu thp X, bit rng khi t 10g X trong oxi d ri dn ton b sn phm qua Gii nc vi trong d th thu c 0,5 g CO2 C + O2 kt ta 0,005 0,005 (mol) HS: Chp GV: Gi hng dn HS cch gii, CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O 0,005 0,005 (mol) yu cu 1 HS ln bng trnh by nC = nCO2 = 0,005(mol ); mC = 12.0,005 = 0,06( g ) HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li ly nhp lm bi GV: Gi HS nhn xt, ghi im Hot ng 3 Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh %C = 0,06 .100% = 0,6% 10
Bi 3: C a gam hn hp bt X gm CuO, Al2O3 . Ngi ta thc hin cc th nghim sau: 24
Trng THPT Quang Trung GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 3: C a gam hn hp bt X gm CuO, Al2O3 . Ngi ta thc hin cc th nghim sau: Th nghim 1: Cho X phn ng hon ton vi dung dch HCl, c cn dung dch thu c 4,02 g cht rn khan. Th nghim 2: Cho X phn ng va vi bt cacbon nhit cao th thu c 0,112 lt kh (kt) Tnh a ?
Bm st chng trnh chun Th nghim 1: Cho X phn ng hon ton vi dung dch HCl, c cn dung dch thu c 4,02 g cht rn khan. Th nghim 2: Cho X phn ng va vi bt cacbon nhit cao th thu c 0,112 lt kh (kt) Tnh a ?
Gii CuO + 2HCl CuCl2 + H2O 0,01 0,01 2AlCl3 + 3H2O Al2O3 + 6HCl 0,01 0,02 2Cu + CO2 2CuO + C GV: Yu cu 1 HS ln bng trnh by. 0,01 0,005 (mol) Cc HS cn li lm v theo di bi ca 0,112 nCO2 = = 0,005(mol ) bn 22,4 HS:Ln bng trnh by mCuCl2 = 0,01.135 = 1,35( g ) GV: Gi HS nhn xt, ghi im m AlCl3 = 4,02 1,35 = 2,67( g ) 2,67 = 0,02(mol ) 133,5 a = 80.0,01 + 102.0,01 = 1,82 (g) n AlCl3 = Hot ng 4: Cng c - dn d * Cng c: Cho 224 ml kh CO2 (ktc) hp th ht trong 100 ml dung dch KOH 0,2M. Khi lng ca mi cht trong dung dch to thnh l A. KHCO3 0,3 g v K2CO3 1,28 g B. K2CO3 1,28 g C. KHCO3 0,25 g v K2CO3 1,38 g D. K2CO3 1,38 g * Dn d: Chun b bi Silic v hp cht ca silic
Tit 13: BI TP SILIC V HP CHT CA SILIC

I. Mc tiu: HS vn dng c kin thc hc gii bi tp II. Trng tm: Bi tp silic v hp cht ca silic III. Chun b: GV:Gio n HS: n tp l thuyt, lm bi tp cc bi silic v cc hp cht ca silic IV.Tin trnh ln lp: 1/ n nh lp 2/ Bi c: Trnh by thnh phn, phng php sn xut ximng. 3/ Bi mi Hot ng ca thy v tr Ni dung Hot ng 1: Bi 1: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS T silic ioxit v cc cht cn thit khc, hy vit Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh 25
Trng THPT Quang Trung chp vo v. Bi 1: T silic ioxit v cc cht cn thit khc, hy vit phng trnh u ch axit silixic HS: Chp GV: Yu cu 1 HS ln bng trnh by HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li ly nhp lm bi GV: Gi HS nhn xt, ghi im Hot ng 2: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 2: Vit cc phng trnh ha hc theo s sau. Silic ioxit natri silicat axit silixic silic ioxit silic HS: Chp GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. HS: Tho lun lm bi GV: Gi 1 HS ln bng gii HS: 1 HS ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li ly nhp lm bi GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im Hot ng 3: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 3: Khi t chy hn hp kh SiH4 v CH4 thu c mt sn phm rn cn nng 6 g v sn phm kh. Cho sn phm kh i qua dung dch Ca(OH)2 ly d thu c 30 g kt ta. Xc nh thnh phn % th tch ca hn hp kh GV: Yu cu 1 HS ln bng trnh by. Cc HS cn li lm v theo di bi ca bn HS:1 HS ln bng trnh by GV: Gi HS nhn xt, ghi im
Bm st chng trnh chun phng trnh u ch axit silixic
Gii SiO2 + 2NaOH Na2SiO3 + H2O H2SiO3 + 2NaCl Na2SiO3 + 2HCl

t0
Bi 2: Silic ioxit natri silicat axit silixic silic ioxit silic
Gii: SiO2 + 2NaOH Na2SiO3 + H2O Na2SiO3 + 2HCl H2SiO3 + 2NaCl 0 H2SiO3 t SiO2 + H2O 0 2Mg + SiO2 t Si + 2MgO
t0
Bi 3: Khi t chy hn hp kh SiH 4 v CH4 thu c mt sn phm rn cn nng 6 g v sn phm kh. Cho sn phm kh i qua dung dch Ca(OH)2 ly d thu c 30 g kt ta. Xc nh thnh phn % th tch ca hn hp kh
Gii SiH4 + 2O2 SiO2 + 2H2O (1) CH4 + 2O2 2CO2 + 2H2O (2) CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O (3) 6 30 n SiO 2 = = 0,1(mol); n CaCO3 = = 0,3(mol) 60 100 n SiH 4 = n SiO 2 = 0,1(mol) (1) (2) , (3) n CH 4 = n CaCO3 = 0,3(mol) %VSiH 4 = %VCH 4 0,1 .100% = 25% 0,1 + 0,3 = 100% 25% = 75%
Hot ng 4: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 4: Cho hn hp silic v than c khi lng 20 gam tc dng vi lng d Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh
Bi 4: Cho hn hp silic v than c khi lng 20 gam tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH c, un nng. Phn ng gii phng ra 13,44 lt kh hiro ( ktc). Xc nh thnh phn % khi lng ca silic trong hn hp ban u, hiu sut phn ng 100%. 26
Trng THPT Quang Trung Bm st chng trnh chun dung dch NaOH c, un nng. Phn ng gii phng ra 13,44 lt kh hiro Gii ( ktc). Xc nh thnh phn % khi Si + 2NaOH + H2O Na2SiO3 + 2H2 lng ca silic trong hn hp ban u, 1 13,44 n Si = n H 2 = = 0,3(mol) hiu sut phn ng 100%. 2 2.22,4 GV: Yu cu 1 HS ln bng trnh by. mSi = 28.0.3 = 8,4 (g) Cc HS cn li lm v theo di bi ca 8,4 bn %Si = .100% = 42% 20 HS: 1 HS ln bng trnh by GV: Gi HS nhn xt, ghi im Hot ng 5: Cng c - dn d * Cng c: 1/ Silic phn ng c vi tt c cc cht trong dy no sau y A. O2, C, F2, Mg, HCl, NaOH B. O2, C, F2, Mg, NaOH C. O2, C, F2, Mg, HCl, KOH D. O2, C, F2, Mg, HCl, NaOH 2/ SiO2 tc dng c vi axit no di y A. HCl B. HNO3 C. HF D. HI 3/ Cho cc cht sau 1. MgO 2. C 3. KOH 4. HF 5. HCl Silic ioxit phn ng c vi tt c cc cht trong nhm no sau y A. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 B. 1, 2, 3, 5 C. 1, 3, 4, 5 D. 1, 2, 3, 4 4/ Silic v nhm u phn ng c vi dd cc cht trong dy no sau y A. HCl, HF B. NaOH, KOH C. Na2CO3, KHCO3 D. BaCl2, AgNO3 Dn d: Chun b bi Luyn tp
Tit 14: BI TP TNG KT CHNG CACBON - SILIC

I. Mc tiu: HS vn dng c kin thc hc gii bi tp II. Trng tm: Bi tp tng kt chng cacbon - Silic III. Chun b: GV:Gio n HS: n tp l thuyt, lm bi tp cc bi cacbon - silic IV.Tin trnh ln lp: 1/ n nh lp 2/ Bi c: Khng kim tra 3/ Bi mi Hot ng ca thy v tr Ni dung
27
Trng THPT Quang Trung Hot ng 1: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 1: a/ Hp th hon ton 0,224 lt CO2(ktc) vo 2 lt dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,01M th c bao nhiu gam kt ta b/ Gii li cu a nu th tch CO2 l 560ml (ktc) c/ Hp th hon ton V lt CO2(ktc) vo 2 lt dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,01M th c 1 gam kt ta. Tm V. HS: Chp GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi.
Bm st chng trnh chun Bi 1: a/ Hp th hon ton 0,224 lt CO2(ktc) vo 2 lt dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,01M th c bao nhiu gam kt ta b/ Gii li cu a nu th tch CO2 l 560ml (ktc) c/ Hp th hon ton V lt CO2(ktc) vo 2 lt dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,01M th c 1 gam kt ta. Tm V. Gii: a/ nCO2 =
0,224 = 0,01(mol ) 22,4 nCa ( OH ) 2 = 2.0,01 = 0,02(mol ) CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O 0,01 0,01 0,01 HS: Tho lun lm bi nCO2 < nCa (OH ) 2 Ca(OH)2 d Khi lng CaCO3 l 100.0,01 = 1 gam GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii 0,56 = 0,025(mol ) b/ nCO2 = 22,4 nCO2 0,025 HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li = = 1,25 < 2 1< ly nhp lm bi nCa ( OH ) 2 0,02 CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O a a 2CO2 + Ca(OH)2 Ca(HCO3)2 2b b Theo bi ra ta c: a + b = 0,02 a = 0,005 a + 2b = 0,025 b = 0,015 Khi lng CaCO3 l 100.0,015 = 1,5 gam c/ nCa ( OH ) 2 = 2.0,01 = 0,02(mol ) nCaCO3 = nCaCO3 1 = 0,01( mol ) 100 < nCa (OH ) 2 nn c hai trng hp
GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im
TH1: CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O 0,01 0,01 0,01 Th tch CO2 l: 0,01.22,4 = 0,224 (lt) TH2: CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O 0,02 0,02 0,02 CO2 + CaCO3 + H2O Ca(HCO3)2 0,01 0,01 Th tch CO2 l: 0,03.22,4 = 0,672 ( lt) Bi 2: Hot ng 2: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS Nung 16,8 gam hn hp X gm MgCO3 v CaCO3 n khi lng khng i, ri dn kh thu chp vo v. c vo 180ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M th thu Bi 2: Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh 28
Trng THPT Quang Trung Bm st chng trnh chun Nung 16,8 gam hn hp X gm MgCO3 c 33,49 gam kt ta. Xc nh thnh phn % v CaCO3 n khi lng khng i, khi lng cc cht trong X. ri dn kh thu c vo 180ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M th thu c 33,49 gam kt ta. Xc nh thnh phn % khi lng cc cht trong X. HS: Chp Gii Gi x, y ln lt s mol MgCO3 v CaCO3 trong X 0 MgCO3 t MgO + CO2 (1) x x t0 CaCO3 CaO + CO2 (2) GV: Gi hng dn HS cch gii, y y yu cu 1 HS ln bng trnh by 33,49 n BaCO3 = = 0,17(mol ) 197 n BaCO3 < n Ba (OH ) 2 nn c hai trng hp TH1: CO2 + Ba(OH)2 BaCO3 + H2O HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li 0,01 0,01 0,01 (mol) ly nhp lm bi Theo bi ra ta c: x + y = 0,17 x = 0,0125 84x+ 100y = 16,8 y = 0,1575 % CaCO3 = 93,75% % MgCO3 = 6,25% TH2: CO2 + Ba(OH)2 BaCO3 + H2O 0,18 0,18 0,18 (mol) Ba(HCO3)2 CO2 + BaCO3 + H2O GV: Gi HS nhn xt, ghi im 0,01 0,01 (mol) Theo bi ra ta c: x + y = 0,19 x = 0,1375 84x+ 100y = 16,8 y = 0,0525 % CaCO3 = 31,25% % MgCO3 = 68,75% Bi 3: Hot ng 3: Cho 15 gam hn hp gm Silic v Cacbon vo GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS dung dch NaOH c nng, thot ra 2,24 lt kh chp vo v. H2 (ktc).Tnh thnh % khi lng Cacbon trong Bi 3: hn hp. Cho 15 gam hn hp gm Silic v Cacbon vo dung dch NaOH c nng, thot ra 2,24 lt kh H2 (ktc).Tnh thnh % khi lng Silic trong hn Gii hp. Si + 2NaOH + H2O Na2SiO3 + 2H2 HS: Chp GV: Yu cu 1 HS ln bng trnh by. Cc HS cn li lm v theo di bi ca n = 2,24 = 0,1(mol ) H2 22,4 bn HS:Ln bng trnh by nSi = 0,05(mol) mSi = 0,05.28 = 1,4(g) GV: Gi HS nhn xt, ghi im %Si =9,3% Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh 29
Hot ng 5: Cng c - dn d * Cng c: Cho 1,84 g hn hp 2 mui gm XCO3 v YCO3 tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thu c 0,672 lt CO2 (ktc) v dung dch A. Khi lng mui trong dung dch A l A. 1,17 B. 2,17 C. 3,17 D. 2,71 * Dn d: Chun b bi M u v ha hc hu c
Tit 15: BI TP LP CTPT HP CHT HU C

I. Mc tiu: HS vn dng c kin thc hc gii bi tp II. Trng tm: Bi tp lp cng thc phn t hp cht hu c III. Chun b: GV:Gio n HS: n tp l thuyt, lm bi tp lp cng thc phn t hp ht hu c IV.Tin trnh ln lp: 1/ n nh lp 2/ Bi c: Trnh by cc cch lp CTPT hp cht hu c Bi tp vn dng: 3/sgk trang 95 3/ Bi Mi Hot ng ca thy v tr Hot ng 1: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 1: t chy hon ton 2,2 g cht hu c A, ngi ta thu c 4,4 g CO2 v 1,8 g H2O. a/ Xc nh cng thc n gin nht ca A. b/ Xc nh CTPT ca A bit rng khi lm bay hi 1,1 g cht A th th tch hi thu c ng bng th tch ca 0,4 g kh O2 cng iu kin nhit v p sut. HS: Chp GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. HS: Tho lun lm bi GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li ly nhp lm bi GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im Ni dung Bi 1: t chy hon ton 2,2 g cht hu c A, ngi ta thu c 4,4 g CO2 v 1,8 g H2O. a/ Xc nh cng thc n gin nht ca A. b/ Xc nh CTPT ca A bit rng khi lm bay hi 1,1 g cht A th th tch hi thu c ng bng th tch ca 0,4 g kh O2 cng iu kin nhit v p sut. Gii: 4,4 .12 = 1,2g a/ m C = 44 1,8 mH = .2 = 0,2g 18 mO= 2,2 1,2 0,2 = 0,8 g Gi CTGN l CxHyOz ( x, y, z nguyn dng) 1,2 0,2 0,8 : : = 2 : 4 :1 x: y : z = 12 1 16 CTGN l C2H4O
b/S mol A trong 1,1 g A = smol O2 trong 0,4 g O2 =
0,4 1,1 = 0,0125(mol); M A = = 88(g/mol) 32 0,0125 ( C2H4O)n = 88 44n =88 n =2 CTPT l C4H8O2 Hot ng 2: Bi 2: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS t chy hon ton 4,1 g cht hu c A ngi ta chp vo v. Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh 30
Trng THPT Quang Trung Bi 2: t chy hon ton 4,1 g cht hu c A ngi ta thu c 2,65 g Na2CO3, 1,35 g nc v 1,68 lt CO2 ( ktc). Xc nh cng thc n gin nht ca A. HS: Chp
Bm st chng trnh chun thu c 2,65 g Na2CO3, 1,35 g nc v 1,68 lt CO2 ( ktc). Xc nh cng thc n gin nht ca A. Gii Cht A chc chn c C, H, Na, c th c O Khi lng C trong 1,68 lt CO2: 12.1,68 = 0,9( g ) 22,4 GV: Gi hng dn HS cch gii, Khi lng C trong trong 2,65 g Na CO : 2 3 yu cu 1 HS ln bng trnh by 12.2,65 = 0,3( g ) 106 HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn Khi lng C trong 4,1 g cht A: li ly nhp lm bi
0,9 + 0,3 = 1,2(g)
Khi lng Na trong 2,65 g Na2CO3: 46.2,65 = 1,15( g ) 106 Khi lng H trong 1,35 g H2O: 2.1,35 = 0,15( g ) 18 GV: Gi HS nhn xt, ghi im Khi lng O trong 4,1 g A: 4,1 -1,2 0,15 1,15 = 1,6 (g) Cht A c dng CxHyOzNat: 1,2 0,15 1,6 1,15 : : : = 2 : 3 : 2 :1 x: y : z : t = 12 1 16 23 CTGN l C2H3O2Na Hot ng 3: Bi 3: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS t chy hon ton 4,45 g hp cht A cn chp vo v. dung va ht 4,2 lt O2. Sn phm chy gm c Bi 3: 3,15 g H2O v 3,92 lt hn hp kh gm CO2 v N2 t chy hon ton 4,45 g hp (ktc). Xc nh CTGN ca A. cht A cn dung va ht 4,2 lt O2. Sn phm chy gm c 3,15 g H2O Gii v 3,92 lt hn hp kh gm CO2 v Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng N2 (ktc). Xc nh CTGN ca A. m CO2 + m N 2 = m A + mO2 m H 2O = HS: Chp GV: Yu cu 1 HS ln bng trnh 4,45 + 4,2 .32 3,15 = 7,3( g ) by. Cc HS cn li lm v theo di 22,4 bi ca bn t s mol CO2 l a , s mol N2 l b, ta c: HS:Ln bng trnh by a + b = 0,175 44a + 28b =7,3 a = 0,15; b = 0,025 GV: Gi HS nhn xt, ghi im Khi lng C: 0,15.12 = 1,8 (g) 2.3,15 = 0,35( g ) Khi lng H: 18 Khi lng : 0,025.28 = 0,7 (g) Khi lng O: 4,48 1,8 0,35 - 0,7 = 1,6 (g) Cht A c dng CxHyNzOt 1,8 0,35 0,7 1,6 : : = 3 : 7 :1: 2 x: y : z : t = : 12 1 14 16 CTGN l C3H7NO2 Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh 31
Hot ng 4: Cng c - dn d * Cng c: Hp cht X c % khi lng cacbon, hiro v oxi ln lt bng 54,54%, 9,1% v 36,36 %. MX = 88g/mol. CTPT ca X l A. C4H10O C. C4H8O C. C5H12O D. C4H10O2 * Dn d: Chun b bi cu trc phn t hp cht hu c
CHN Ch : BI TP CU TRC PHN T HP CHT HU C

I. II. Mc tiu: HS vn dng c kin thc hc gii bi tp Trng tm: Bi tp cu trc phn t hp cht hu c III. Chun b: GV:Gio n HS: n tp l thuyt, lm bi tp cu trc phn t hp ht hu c IV.Tin trnh ln lp: Hot ng 1: n nh lp + Bi c Bi c: Trnh by ni dung thuyt cu to ha hc. V d minh ha Trnh by khi nim ng ng, ng phn. V d minh ha Hot ng ca thy v tr Hot ng 2: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 1: Trong cc cht di y, cht no l ng ng ca nhau? cht no l ng phn ca nhau? 1. CH3CH2CH3 2. CH3CH2CH2Cl 3. CH3CH2CH2CH3 4. CH3CHClCH3 5. (CH3)2CHCH3 6. CH3CH2CH=CH2 7. CH3CH=CH2 8. CH2-CH2 CH2-CH2 9. CH3 C=CH2 CH3 HS: Chp GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. HS: Tho lun lm bi GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li ly nhp lm bi GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh Ni dung Bi 1: Trong cc cht di y, cht no l ng ng ca nhau? cht no l ng phn ca nhau? 10. CH3CH2CH3 11. CH3CH2CH2Cl 12. CH3CH2CH2CH3 13. CH3CHClCH3 14. (CH3)2CHCH3 15. CH3CH2CH=CH2 16. CH3CH=CH2 17. CH2-CH2 CH2-CH2 18. CH3 C=CH2 CH3
Tit 16: T
Gii: + Cc cht ng ng: (1) v (3); (1) v (5); (6) v (7); (7) v (9) + Cc cht ng phn: (2) v (4); (3) v (5); (6) v (7); (6), (8) v (9)
32
Trng THPT Quang Trung Hot ng 3: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 2: Khi t chy 1,5 g ca mi cht A hoc B hoc D u thu c sn phm gm 0,9 g nc v 2,2 g kh CO2. Ba cht trn c phi l ng phn ca nhau khng? Cho v d. HS: Chp GV: Gi hng dn HS cch gii HS: ch nghe hiu GV: ly v d minh ha
Bm st chng trnh chun Bi 2: Khi t chy 1,5 g ca mi cht A hoc B hoc D u thu c sn phm gm 0,9 g nc v 2,2 g kh CO2. Ba cht trn c phi l ng phn ca nhau khng? Cho v d. Gii V cc cht c cng s mol C ( cng khi lng CO2), cng s mol H ( cng khi lng nc) v cng s mol oxi trong cng mt lng mi cht c ngha l 3 cht c cng thc n gin ging nhau. Nu 3 cht c cng phn t khi na th chng mi l ng phn ca nhau. V d: Ba cht l axit axetic C2H4O2, glucoz C6H12O6 v anehitfomic khng phi l ng phn ca nhau mc d u c cng thc n gin l CH2O; khi t 30 g mi cht u sinh ra 1 mol CO2 v 1 mol nc. Bi 3: Hn hp kh A cha hai hirocacbon k tip nhau trong mt dy ng ng. Ly 1,12 lt A (ktc) em t chy hon ton. Sn phm chy c dn qua bnh (1) ng H2SO4 (c), sau qua bnh (2) ng dung dch NaOH ( c d). Sau th nghim, khi lng bnh (1) tng 2,16 g v bnh (2) tng 7,48g. Hy xc nh CTPT v % v th tch ca tng cht trong hn hp A.
Hot ng 4: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 3: Hn hp kh A cha hai hirocacbon k tip nhau trong mt dy ng ng. Ly 1,12 lt A (ktc) em t chy hon ton. Sn phm chy c dn qua bnh (1) ng H2SO4 (c), sau qua bnh (2) ng dung dch NaOH ( c d). Sau th nghim, khi lng bnh (1) tng 2,16 g v bnh (2) tng 7,48g. Hy xc nh CTPT v % v th Gii tch ca tng cht trong hn hp A. Hai hirocacbon k tip nhau trong dy ng ng HS: Chp c CTPT l CxHy v Cx+1Hy + 2 Gi a l s mol CxHy Gi b l s mol Cx+1Hy + 2 Ta c: a + b = 0,05 (1) GV: Gi hng dn HS cch gii y y CxHy + (x + )O 2 xCO 2 + H 2 O 4 2 a ax y/2a HS: ch nghe hiu y y+2 C x +1 H y + 2 + (x + + 1,5)O 2 (x + 1)CO 2 + H 2O 4 2 y+2 b (x + 1)b 2 b S mol CO2: ax + b(x + 1) = 0,17 (2) ay + b(y + 2) = 0,12 (3) S mol H2O: 2 T (2) ta c (a + b)x + b =0,17 b = 0,17 - 0,05x b l s mol a mt trong hai ht nn 0 < b < 0,05 Do 0 < 0,17 0,05x < 0,05 2,4 < x < 3,4 x = 3 Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh
33
Bm st chng trnh chun b =0,17 (0,05.3)=0,02 a =0,05 0,02 = 0,03 Thay gi tr ca a v b vo (3) ta c: 0,03y + 0,02( y + 2) = 0 y = 4 CTPT ca 2 cht l C3H4, C4H6 % v th tch ( cng l % v s mol) ca C3H4 trong 0,03 .100% = 60% hn hp A. 0,05 % v th tch ca C4H6 trong hn hp l 40%
Hot ng 5: Cng c - dn d * Cng c: Cht no di y l ng phn ca CH3COOCH3? A. CH3CH2OCH3 B. CH3CH2COOH C. CH3COCH3 D. CH3CH2CH2OH * Dn d: Chun b bi Luyn tp BTVN: Hn hp M th lng,cha 2 hp cht hu c k tip nhau trong mt dy ng ng. Nu lm bay hi 2,58g M th th tch hi thu c ng bng th tch ca 1,4 g kh N2 cng iu kin. t chy hon ton 6,45 g M th thu c 7,65 g H2O v 6,72 lt CO2(ktc). Xc nh CTPT v % khi lng ca tng cht trong hn hp M. Tit 17: T CHN Ch : N III. IV.
TP HC K I
Mc tiu: HS vn dng c kin thc hc gii bi tp Trng tm: n tp cc bi tp tnh pH, lin quan ti HNO3, nhn bit, s phn ng III. Chun b: GV:Gio n HS: n tp l thuyt, lm bi tp tnh pH, lin quan ti HNO3, nhn bit, s phn ng IV.Tin trnh ln lp: Hot ng 1: n nh lp + Bi c Bi c: Trnh by tnh oxi ha ca HNO3. Cho v d minh ha Hot ng ca thy v tr Hot ng 2: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 1: Trn 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,1 M vi 800ml dung dch HNO3 0,01M. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c HS: Chp GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. Ni dung Bi 1: Trn 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,1 M vi 800ml dung dch HNO3 0,01M. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c
Gii: Nng cc cht sau khi pha trn 200.0,1 = 0,02M CHCl = 200 + 800 HS: Tho lun lm bi 800.0,01 C HNO3 = = 0,008M 200 + 800 GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii Phng trnh in li HCl H+ + Cl0,02 0,02 (M) HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh
34
Trng THPT Quang Trung ly nhp lm bi
Bm st chng trnh chun H+ + NO3HNO3 0,008 0,008 (M) GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im Tng nng ion H+ = 0,028M pH = -lg0,028 =1,55 Hot ng 3: Bi 2: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS Ha tan hon ton 5,6 g Fe vo dung dch HNO3 chp vo v. c nng, thu c V lt kh (ktc). Bi 2: Tm V Ha tan hon ton 5,6 g Fe vo dung dch HNO3 c nng, thu c V lt kh Gii Fe(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O (ktc). Tm V Fe + 6HNO3 HS: Chp 0,1 0,3 (mol) GV: Gi hng dn HS cch gii, 5,6 n Fe = = 0,1(mol) n NO 2 = n Fe = 0,3(mol) yu cu 1 HS ln bng trnh by 56 HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li VNO 2 = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72(l) ly nhp lm bi GV: Gi HS nhn xt, ghi im Hot ng 4: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS Bi 3: Nhit phn 66,2 gam Pb(NO3)2 thu c 55,4 chp vo v. gam thu c 55,4 gam cht rn. Tnh hiu sut Bi 3: ca phn ng phn hy. Nhit phn 66,2 gam Pb(NO3)2 thu c 55,4 gam thu c 55,4 gam cht rn. Tnh hiu sut ca phn ng phn hy. Gii HS: Chp PbO+ 2NO2 + 1/2O2 Pb(NO3)2 GV: Yu cu 1 HS ln bng trnh by. x 2x x/2 Cc HS cn li lm v theo di bi ca Gi x l s mol Pb(NO3)2 nhit phn bn Khi lng kh thot ra = 2x.46 + 0,5x.32 = 66,2 55,4 = 10,8 x = 0,1 (mol) HS:Ln bng trnh by Hiu sut ca phn ng l: 0,1 .100% = 50% H= 0,2 Bi 4: Ch dng mt ha cht duy nht phn bit cc l mt nhn ng cc dung dch sau: NaCl, Hot ng 5: Na2SO4, NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4 GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS Gii chp vo v. - Trch mi l ra mt t lm mu th Bi 4: - Cho Ba(OH)2 ln lt vo cc mu th Ch dng mt ha cht duy nht + Mu th khng c hin tng: dung dch phn bit cc l mt nhn ng cc NaCl dung dch sau: NaCl, Na2SO4, NH4Cl, + Mu th c kt ta trng : dung dch Na2SO4 (NH4)2SO4 Na2SO4 + Ba(OH)2 BaSO4 + 2NaOH HS: Chp GV: Hng dn HS cch gii, yu cu + Mu th c kh mi khai : dung dch NH4Cl 2NH4Cl + Ba(OH)2 BaCl2 + 2NH3 + 2H2O HS trnh by + Mu th c kt ta trng, c kh mi khai : HS:Ln bng trnh by dung dch (NH4)2SO4 GV: Gi HS nhn xt (NH4)2SO4 + Ba(OH)2 BaSO4 + 2NH3 + 2H2O Bi 5: Hon thnh s phn ng sau. Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh 35
Bm st chng trnh chun NaOH A B C D NaNO3 3000 0 C N2 + O2 2NO Hot ng 6: 2NO2 GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS 2NO + O2 4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O 4HNO3 chp vo v. HNO3 + NaOH NaNO3 + H2O Bi 5: Hon thnh s phn ng Vy A l N2, B l NO, C l NO2, D l HNO3 sau. 0 NaOH A 3000 B C D NaNO3 C HS: Chp GV: yu cu 1HS trnh by HS:Ln bng trnh by GV: Gi HS nhn xt, ghi im.
3000 0 C
Hot ng7: Cng c - dn d * Cng c: - Cc bi tp tnh pH, lin quan ti HNO3, nhn bit, s phn ng - Cho 4,8 gam Cu kim loi vo dung dch HNO3 long d n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton. Lng kh thot ra iu kin chun l A. 2,24 lt B. 6,72 lt C. 1,12 lt D. 3,36 lt + 3+ - nhn bit s c mt ca 3 ion Fe , NH 4 , NO 3 c trong dung dch ta c th dng cht no sau y A. NaOH B. H2SO4 C. Qu tm D. CaO t0 - Cho phn ng:2NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2 CaCl2 + A +2H2O. A l cht kh no di y A. N2 B. NH3 C. H2 D. N2O * Dn d: n tp chun b kim tra hc k I Tit 18: T CHN Ch : BI V. VI.
TP ( Sa bi kim tra hc k I )
Mc tiu: HS vn dng c kin thc hc gii bi tp Trng tm: Hng dn hc sinh li cc cu trc nghim, gii li cc bi tp III. Chun b: GV:Gio n HS: Xem li bi trc nh IV.Tin trnh ln lp: Hot ng 1: n nh lp + Bi c Bi c: Khng kim tra Hot ng ca thy v tr Hot ng 2: I.Trc nghim GV: Yu cu HS tr li li M : 483 cc cu trc nghim
1 2 3 4 5 6
Ni dung
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
HS:Tr li GV: nhn xt hng dn Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh
A B C D
x x x x
x x x x x x
x x x x
36
Trng THPT Quang Trung li II.T lun: Hot ng 3: GV: Hng dn HS cch tnh im tng cu ca phn t lun. Hot ng 4: GV: Pht bi cho HS GV: Yu cu HS xem li tng phn theo thang im Hot ng 5: Cng c - dn d * Cng c: Nhc li HS cch lm bi v rt kinh nghim * Dn d: Chun b bi Ankan Tit 19: T CHN Ch : BI VII. VIII.
TP ANKAN
Mc tiu: HS vn dng c kin thc hc gii bi tp Trng tm: Bi tp ankan III. Chun b: GV:Gio n HS: n tp l thuyt, lm bi tp ankan IV.Tin trnh ln lp: Hot ng 1: n nh lp + Bi c Bi c: Trnh by cch gi tn mch cacbon phn nhnh. Gi tn CTCT sau CH3 CH - CH2 CH CH2 CH2 CH3 CH3 C2H5 Hot ng ca thy v tr Ni dung Hot ng 2: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS Bi 1: Gi tn cc CTCT sau chp vo v. CH3 CH2 CH CH2 CH3 Bi 1: Gi tn cc CTCT sau CH CH3 CH3 CH2 CH CH2 CH3 CH3 CH CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH2 CH CH2 CH CH3 CH3 CH CH3 CH3 CH3 CH2 CH CH2 CH CH3 CH3 CH CH3 CH3 CH3 Gii: + 3-etyl -2-metylpentan. HS: Chp + 4-etyl-2,2,5-trimetylhexan GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. HS: Tho lun lm bi GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh 37
Trng THPT Quang Trung li ly nhp lm bi GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im Hot ng 3: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 2: Vit CTCT thu gn ca a/ 4-etyl-2,3,3-trimetylheptan b/ 3,5-ietyl-2,2,3-trimetyloctan HS: Chp GV: Gi hng dn HS cch gii HS: Ln bng trnh by GV: Nhn xt ghi im
Bm st chng trnh chun Bi 2: Vit CTCT thu gn ca a/ 4-etyl-2,3,3-trimetylheptan b/ 3,5-ietyl-2,2,3-trimetyloctan
Gii a/ CH3 CH3 CH C CH CH2 CH2 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH2 CH3 b/ CH3 CH3 CH3 C C - CH2 CH CH2 CH2 CH3 CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 CH3
Hot ng 4: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 3: Cht A l mt ankan th kh. t chy hon ton 1,2 lt A cn dng va ht 6 lt oxi cng iu kin. a/ Xc nh CTPT ca A. b/ Cho cht A tc dng vi kh clo 250C v c nh sng. Hi c th thu c my dn xut monoclo ca A.Cho bit tn ca mi dn xut . Dn xut no thu c nhiu hn. HS: Chp GV: Gi hng dn HS cch gii HS: Ln bng trnh by
Bi 3: Cht A l mt ankan th kh. t chy hon ton 1,2 lt A cn dng va ht 6 lt oxi cng iu kin. a/ Xc nh CTPT ca A. b/ Cho cht A tc dng vi kh clo 250C v c nh sng. Hi c th thu c my dn xut monoclo ca A.Cho bit tn ca mi dn xut . Dn xut no thu c nhiu hn. Gii 3n + 1 CnH2n + 2 + O2 t nCO2 + (n+1)H2O 2 1,2lt 6 lt 6 3n + 1 =5n=3 = 1,2 2 CTPT ca A l C3H8
CH3 CH2 CH3 + Cl2

as
CH3 CH2 CH2 - Cl 1- clopropan (43%) + HCl CH3 CHCl CH3 2- clopropan (57%)
Hot ng 5: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 4: t chy hon ton 1,45 gam mt ankan phi dng va ht 3,64 lt O2( ktc) a/ Xc nh CTPT ca ankan b/ Vit CTCT v gi tn tt c cc Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh
Bi 4: t chy hon ton 1,45 gam mt ankan phi dng va ht 3,64 lt O2( ktc) a/ Xc nh CTPT ca ankan b/ Vit CTCT v gi tn tt c cc ng phn ng vi cng thc . Gii 3n + 1 CnH2n + 2 + O2 t nCO2 + (n+1)H2O 2 38
Trng THPT Quang Trung ng phn ng vi cng thc . HS: Chp GV: Gi hng dn HS cch gii HS: Ln bng trnh by
3n + 1 (mol) 2 1,45 g 0,1625 (mol) 14n + 2 3n + 1 = n=4 1,45 2.0,1625 CTPT ca A l C4H10 CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 Butan CH3 CH CH3 CH3 Isobutan (2-metylpropan) (14n + 2)g
Hot ng 6: Cng c - dn d * Cng c: Nhc li cch gi tn mch cacbon phn nhnh. Cho tn gi vit CTCT * Dn d: Chun b bi Xicloankan BTVN: t chy hon ton 2,86 g hn hp gm hexan v octan ngi ta thu c 4,48 lt CO2 ( ktc). Xc nh % v khi lng ca tng cht trong hn hp. Tit 20: T CHN Ch : BI IX. X.
TP XICLOANKAN
Mc tiu: HS vn dng c kin thc hc gii bi tp Trng tm: Bi tp Xicloankan III. Chun b: GV:Gio n HS: n tp l thuyt, lm bi tp Xicloankan IV.Tin trnh ln lp: Hot ng 1: n nh lp + Bi c Bi c: Trnh by tnh cht ha hc ca xicloankan. Ly v d minh ha Bi mi: Hot ng ca thy v tr Ni dung Hot ng 2: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS Bi 1: Gi tn cc CTCT sau chp vo v. Bi 1: Gi tn cc CTCT sau
C2H5 H3C H3C C2H5
CH3
CH3
HS: Chp Gii: GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. HS: Tho lun lm bi 4-etyl-1,2-imetylxiclohexan GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li ly nhp lm bi GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im Hot ng 3: Bi 2: Vit CTCT thu gn ca Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh 39
Trng THPT Quang Trung GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 2: Vit CTCT thu gn ca a/ 1,1-imetylxiclopropan b/ 1-etyl-1-metylxiclohexan HS: Chp GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. HS: Tho lun lm bi GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li ly nhp lm bi GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im Hot ng 4: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 3: Mt monoxicloankan c t khi hi so vi nit bng 3. a/ Xc nh CTPT ca A. b/Vit CTCT v tn tt c cc xicloankan ng vi CTPT tm c HS: Chp GV: Yu cu HS ln bng trnh by cu a HS: Ln bng trnh by GV: Hng dn HS vit cc CTCT ca C6H12 HS: Ch cch vit ng phn
Bm st chng trnh chun a/ 1,1-imetylxiclopropan b/ 1-etyl-1-metylxiclohexan Gii a/

CH3 CH3
b/
CH3 CH2CH3
Bi 3: Mt monoxicloankan c t khi hi so vi nit bng 3. a/ Xc nh CTPT ca A. b/Vit CTCT v tn tt c cc xicloankan ng vi CTPT tm c Gii a/ CnH2n = 28.3 = 84 14n = 84 n = 6 CTPT: C6H12 b/ Cc CTCT
CH3 CH3 CH3 1,1-dimetylxiclobutan CH3
xiclohexan metylpentan CH3
GV: Yu cu HS gi tn cc ng phn HS: Gi tn cc ng phn
CH2-CH3
CH3 H3C 1,2-dimetylxiclobutan 1,3-dimetylxiclobutan etylxiclobutan CH3 H3C CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3
CH2CH3
1,2,3-trimetylxiclopropan 1,1,2-trimetylxiclopropan 1-etyl-2-metylxiclopropan
CH3 CH2CH3 1-etyl-1-metylxiclopropan CH2CH2CH3 propylxiclopropan
CHCH3 CH3 isopropylxiclopropan
Hot ng 5: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 4: Hn hp kh A cha mt ankan v mt xicloankan. T khi ca A i vi H2 l 25,8. t chy hon ton 2,58gam A ri hp th ht sn phm chy vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 d, thu c 35,46 gam kt ta. Xc nh CTPT ca ankan v xicloankan Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh
Bi 4: Hn hp kh A cha mt ankan v mt xicloankan. T khi ca A i vi H2 l 25,8. t chy hon ton 2,58gam A ri hp th ht sn phm chy vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 d, thu c 35,46 gam kt ta. Xc nh CTPT ca ankan v xicloankan Gii Gi s trong 2,58g hn hp A c x mol CnH2n + 2 (n1) v y mol CmH2m (m3) . MA = 25,8.2 = 51,6(g/mol)
40
Trng THPT Quang Trung Bm st chng trnh chun HS: Chp 2,58 = 0,05(1) x+y= GV: Gi hng dn HS cch gii 51,6 Tm MA Vit pthh 3n + 1 Gi x, yln lt l s mol ca ankan, CnH2n + 2 + O2 t nCO2 + (n+1)H2O 2 xicloankan x nx Lp phng trnh Gii phng trnh v bin lun tm n, m (mol) 3m CmH2m + O2 t mCO2 + mH2O 2 y my (mol) BaCO3 + H2O HS: Lm bi theo cc bc GV CO2 + Ba(OH)2 hng dn 35,46 = 0,18(mol ) S mol CO2 = s mol BaCO3 = 197 nx + my = 0,18 (2)
Khi lng hn hp A: (14n + 2)x + 14my = 2,58 (3)
14(nx + my) + 2x = 2,58 2x = 2,58 14.0,18 x = 0,03; y = 0,02 (2) ta c : 0,03n + 0,02m = 0,18 3n + 2m = 18 Nghim thch hp m = 3; n = 4 CTPT l C4H10; C3H6
Hot ng 6: Cng c - dn d * Cng c: Nhc li cch gi tn ca xicloankan.Cch gii bi ton tm CTPT ca ankan v xicloankan * Dn d: Chun b bi Thc hnh 3 trang 124 Tit 21: T CHN Ch : BI XI. XII.
TP ANKEN
Mc tiu: HS vn dng c kin thc hc gii bi tp Trng tm: Bi tp anken III. Chun b: GV:Gio n HS: n tp l thuyt, lm bi tp anken IV.Tin trnh ln lp: Hot ng 1: n nh lp + Bi c Bi c: Vit cc CTCT ca C5H10. Gi tn cc CTCT Trnh by tnh cht ha hc ca anken Bi mi: Hot ng ca thy v tr Ni dung Hot ng 2: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS Bi 1: Gi tn cc CTCT sau chp vo v. Bi 1: Gi tn cc CTCT sau
41

CH3 CH3

CH3 - C - CH2 - CH = CH2
CH3
CH3 - CH2 - C - CH2 -CH3 CH2
CH3 - C - CH2 - CH = CH2

CH3 CH3 - CH2 - C - CH2 -CH3 CH2
HS: Chp GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. HS: Tho lun lm bi GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li ly nhp lm bi GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im Hot ng 3: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 2:
Vit CTCT thu gn ca 2,4imetylhex-1en
Gii: 4,4 imetylpent 1- en 2-etylbut-3-en
Bi 2: Vit CTCT thu gn ca 2,4imetylhex-1-en Gii

CH2 = C - CH2 - CH - CH2 - CH3 CH3 CH3
HS: Chp GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. HS: Tho lun lm bi GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li ly nhp lm bi GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im Hot ng 4: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 3: Hn hp kh A cha mt ankan v mt anken. Khi lng hn hp A l 9 gam v th tch l 8,96 lt. t chy hon ton A, thu c 13,44 lt CO2. Cc th tch c o ktc. Xc nh CTPT v % th tch tng cht trong A. HS: Chp GV: Yu cu HS ln bng trnh by HS: Ln bng trnh by
Bi 3: Hn hp kh A cha mt ankan v mt anken. Khi lng hn hp A l 9 gam v th tch l 8,96 lt. t chy hon ton A, thu c 13,44 lt CO2. Cc th tch c o ktc. Xc nh CTPT v % th tch tng cht trong A. Gii Gi s hn hp A c x mol CnH2n + 2 v y mol CmH2m. 8,96 x+ y = = 0,4(1) 22,4 (14n + 2) x + 14my = 9(2) CnH2n + 2 + x (mol) CmH2m + 3n + 1 O2 t nCO2 + (n+1)H2O 2 nx
GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im
3m O2 t mCO2 + mH2O 2 y my (mol) 13,44 = 0,6 (3) nx + my = 22,4 T (1), (2), (3) ta c x = 0,3; y = 0,1 Thay x, y vo (3) ta c: 3n + m = 6 42
Trng THPT Quang Trung Hot ng 5: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 4: Dn 3,584 lt hn hp X gm 2 anken A v B lin tip nhau trong dy ng ng vo nc brom (d), thy khi lng bnh ng nc brom tng 10,5 g a/ Tm CTPTca A, B ( bit th tch kh o 00C v 1,25 atm ) v tnh % th tch ca mi anken b/ Tnh t khi c hn hp so vi H2 HS: Chp GV: Gi hng dn HS cch gii t cng thc 2 anken, cng thc trung bnh Vit pthh Tm gi tr x Tm CTPT ca 2 anken Tnh % th tch ca mi anken Tnh t khi c hn hp so vi H2
Bm st chng trnh chun Chn m = 3, n =1 CH4 chim 60% th tch A v C3H6 chim 40% Bi 4: Dn 3,584 lt hn hp X gm 2 anken A v B lin tip nhau trong dy ng ng vo nc brom (d), thy khi lng bnh ng nc brom tng 10,5 g a/ Tm CTPTca A, B ( bit th tch kh o 00C v 1,25 atm ) v tnh % th tch ca mi anken b/ Tnh t khi c hn hp so vi H2
Gii a/ t ng thc ca 2 anken l CnH2n v Cn+1H2n+2 Cng thc chung ca 2 anken CxH2x vi n < x < n + 1 CxH2x + Br2 CxH2xBr2 tng khi lng ca bnh ng dd chnh l khi lng ca 2 anken. 1,25.3,584 n= = 0,2(mol ) 22,4 10,5 M = 0,2 = 52,5 = 14 x x = 3,75 n = 3 Hai anken l C3H6 v C4H8 HS: Lm bi theo cc bc GV Gi a v b l s mol ca C3H6 v C4H8 trong hn hp. Ta c: hng dn a + b = 0,2 a = 0,05 42a + 56b = 10,5 b = 0,15 %VC3 H 6 = 25% %VC4 H 7 = 75% b/ d X / H 2 = 26,25 Hot ng 6: Cng c - dn d * Cng c: Nhc li cch gi tn ca anken. Tnh cht ha hc ca anken. Cch gii bi ton tm CTPT ca 2 anken ng ng lin tip nhau. * Dn d: Chun b phn cn li ca bi anken. Tit 22: T CHN Ch : BI XIII. XIV.
TP ANKAN + ANKAIEN
Mc tiu: HS vn dng c kin thc hc gii bi tp Trng tm: Bi tp ankan + Ankaien III. Chun b: GV:Gio n HS: n tp l thuyt, lm bi tp ankan + Ankaien Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh 43
Trng THPT Quang Trung Bm st chng trnh chun IV.Tin trnh ln lp: Hot ng 1: n nh lp + Bi c Bi c: Trnh by tnh cht ha hc ca ankaien Bi mi: Hot ng ca thy v tr Ni dung Hot ng 2: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp Bi 1: vo v. Ankan X c cacbon chim 83,33% v khi Bi 1: lng phn t Ankan X c cacbon chim 83,33% v a/ Tm CTPT, vit cc CTCT c th c ca khi lng phn t X. a/ Tm CTPT, vit cc CTCT c th c b/ Khi X tc dng vi brom un nng c ca X. chiu sng c th to ra 4 dn xut ng b/ Khi X tc dng vi brom un nng c phn cha mt nguyn t brom trong phn chiu sng c th to ra 4 dn xut ng t. Vit CTCT v gi tn phn cha mt nguyn t brom trong phn t. Vit CTCT v gi tn Gii: 12n 83,33 n = 5 .100% = a/ %C = HS: Chp 14n + 2 100 GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. CTPT: C5H12 HS: Tho lun lm bi b/ GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii CH - CH - CH - CH - CH (1) 3 2 2 2 3 cu a, vit cc CTCT. HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li CH3 - CH - CH2 - CH3 (2) ly nhp lm bi
CH3 CH3
GV: Hng dn HS chn CTCT ng khi cho X tc dng vi brom to ra 4 dn xut. HS: Vit pthh minh ha
CH3 - C - CH3 CH3
(3)
Bi 2: Hot ng 3: Cht A l mt ankaien lin hp c mch GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp cacbon phn nhnh. t chy hon ton 3,4 vo v. g A cn dng va ht 7,84 lt oxi (ktc). Xc nh Bi 2: CTPT , CTCT, gi tn
Cht A l mt ankaien lin hp c mch cacbon phn nhnh. t chy hon ton 3,4 g A cn dng va ht 7,84 lt oxi (ktc). Xc nh CTPT , CTCT, gi tn
Gii
HS: Chp 3n 1 CnH2n - 2 + O2 t nCO2 + (n-1)H2O GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. 2 HS: Tho lun lm bi 0,7 GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii 0,35 (mol) HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li 3n 1 0,7 ly nhp lm bi (14n -2). = 3,4 n = 5 GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im 3n 1 CTPT: C5H8 CH2 = C - CH = CH2 CTCT: Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh CH3 2-metylbuta-1,3-dien 44
Hot ng 4: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 3: Hn hp kh A cha mt ankan v mt ankaien . t chy hon ton 6,72 lt A phi dng va ht 28 lt O2 ( cc th tch kh ly ktc). Dn sn phm chy qua bnh 1 ng H2SO4 c, sau qua bnh 2 ng dung dch NaOH d th khi lng bnh 1 tng p gam, bnh 2 tng 35,2 gam. Xc dnh CTPT, tnh p. HS: Chp GV: Gi hng dn HS cch gii t cng thc ankan, cng thc ankaien Vit pthh Da vo d kin ra tm CTPT, tnh p
Bi 3: Hn hp kh A cha mt ankan v mt ankaien . t chy hon ton 6,72 lt A phi dng va ht 28 lt O2 ( cc th tch kh ly ktc). Dn sn phm chy qua bnh 1 ng H2SO4 c, sau qua bnh 2 ng dung dch NaOH d th khi lng bnh 1 tng p gam, bnh 2 tng 35,2 gam. Xc dnh CTPT, tnh p.
Gii Gi s hn hp A c x mol CnH2n + 2 v y mol CmH2m - 2. 6,72 x+ y = = 0,3(1) 22,4 3n + 1 CnH2n + 2 + O2 t nCO2 + (n+1)H2O 2 3n + 1 x .x nx (n +1)x 2 3m 1 CmH2m - 2 + O2 t mCO2 + (m-1)H2O 2 3m 1 y .y my (m-1).y 2 HS: Lm bi theo cc bc GV 3n + 1 3m 1 hng dn S mol oxi: .x + .y = 1,25 2 2 (3n + 1)x + (3m -1)y =2,5 (2) 35,2 = 0,8 (3) S mol CO2: nx + my = 44 T (1), (2), (3) ta c x = 0,2; y = 0,1 Thay x, y vo (3) ta c: 2n + m = 8 Chn m = 4, n =2 CTPT: C2H6 v C4H6 S mol H2O = (n + 1)x + (m -1)y = 0,9(mol) p = 0,9.18 = 16,2 (g) Hot ng 5: Cng c - dn d * Cng c: Nhc li tnh cht ha hc ca ankan v ankaien. Cch gii bi ton tm CTPT ca ankan, ankaien . * Dn d: Chun b bi luyn tp Tit 23: T CHN Ch : BI
TP ANKIN
45
XV. XVI.
Trng THPT Quang Trung Mc tiu: HS vn dng c kin thc hc gii bi tp Trng tm: Bi tp ankin III. Chun b: GV:Gio n HS: n tp l thuyt, lm bi tp ankin IV.Tin trnh ln lp: Hot ng 1: n nh lp + Bi c Bi c: Trnh by tnh cht ha hc ca ankin Bi mi: Hot ng ca thy v tr Hot ng 2: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 1: Trnh by phng php ha hc phn bit cc cht sau: but -2 en, propin, butan. Vit cc phng trnh ha hc minh ha. HS: Chp GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. HS: Tho lun lm bi GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li ly nhp lm bi GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im
Ni dung Bi 1: Trnh by phng php ha hc phn bit cc cht sau: but -2 en, propin, butan. Vit cc phng trnh ha hc minh ha. Gii: - Dn tng kh qua dung dch bc nitrat trong amoniac: bit c cht to kt ta l propin, do c phn ng: CH3 C = CH + AgNO3 + H2O CH3 C = CAg + NH4NO3 - Dn hai kh cn li vo dung dch brom: bit cht lm nht mu dung dch brom l but 2 en, do c phn ng: CH3CH=CHCH3 + Br2 CH3CHBrCHBrCH3 Kh cn li l butan. Bi 2:
Hot ng 3: Mt bnh kn ng hn hp kh H2 vi GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS axetilen v mt t bt niken. Nung nng bnh chp vo v. mt thi gian sau a v nhit ban Bi 2: u. Nu cho mt na kh trong bnh sau khi
Mt bnh kn ng hn hp kh H2 vi axetilen v mt t bt niken. Nung nng bnh mt thi gian sau a v nhit ban u. Nu cho mt na kh trong bnh sau khi nung nng i qua dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 th c 1,2 gam kt ta mu vng nht. Nu cho na cn li qua bnh ng nc brom d thy khi lng bnh tng 0,41 g. Tnh khi lng axetilen cha phn ng, khi lng etilen to ra sau phn ng.
nung nng i qua dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 th c 1,2 gam kt ta mu vng nht. Nu cho na cn li qua bnh ng nc brom d thy khi lng bnh tng 0,41 g. Tnh khi lng axetilen cha phn ng, khi lng etilen to ra sau phn ng.
Gii C2H2 + H2 C2H4 (1) C2H2 + 2H2 C2H6 (2) HS: Chp C2H4 + H2 C2H6 (3) GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. CH = CH + 2AgNO3 + 2H2O CAg = CAg + HS: Tho lun lm bi 2NH4NO3 (4) GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii C2H2 + 2Br2 C2H2Br4 (5) HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li C2H4 + Br2 C2H4Br2 (6) Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh 46
Trng THPT Quang Trung ly nhp lm bi
Bm st chng trnh chun S mol C2Ag2 = 0,005 (mol) T (4) ta c s mol axetilen trong hn hp cn li l: 2.0,005 =0,01 (mol) Theo (5), khi lng bnh ng brom tng 0,005.26 = 0,13 gam Vy khi lng etilen phn ng (6) l: 0,41- 0,13 = 0,28(g) Khi lng etilen to ra: 2.0,28 = 0,56 gam Bi 3: t 3,4 gam mt hirocacbon A to ra 11 gam GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im CO2. Mt khc, khi cho 3,4 gam tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thy to Hot ng 4: ra a gam kt ta. GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS a/ Xc nh CTPT ca A. chp vo v. b/ Vit CTCT ca A v tnh khi lng kt ta Bi 3: to thnh, bit khi A tc dng vi hiro d, c t 3,4 gam mt hirocacbon A to ra xc tc Ni to thnh isopentan. 11 gam CO2. Mt khc, khi cho 3,4 gam tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thy to ra a gam kt ta. Gii a/ Xc nh CTPT ca A. a/ Gi CTPT ca A l CxHy. b/ Vit CTCT ca A v tnh khi lng y y CxHy + (x + )O2 xCO2 + H2O kt ta to thnh, bit khi A tc dng 4 2 vi hiro d, c xc tc Ni to thnh 11 mC = .12 = 3( g ) isopentan. 44 HS: Chp m H = 3,4 3 = 0,4( g ) GV: Gi hng dn HS cch gii 3 0,4 Vit pthh : = 5:8 x:y = 12 1 Tm CTPT Da vo d kin ra bin lun tm CTGN: C5H8 CTPT (C5H8)n b/ V A tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3 CTCT ng trong NH3, A c dng R - C = CH HS: Lm bi theo cc bc GV V A tc dng vi H2 to thnh isopentan nn A phi c mch nhnh. hng dn CTCT: CH = C CH(CH3) CH3 CH = C CH(CH3) CH3 + AgNO3 + H2O CAg = C CH(CH3) CH3 + NH4NO3 S mol A = s mol kt ta = 3,4 : 68 = 0,05(mol) Khi lng kt ta = 0,05 . 175 =8,75 (gam) GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im Hot ng 5: Cng c - dn d * Cng c: + Hon thnh s phn ng sau: CaCO3 CaO CaC2 C2H2 vinylclorua PVC + Trnh by phng php ha hc nhn bit but 1-in, but-2-in, metan. + Cht no khng tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong amoniac? A. but 1-in B. but 2-in C. Propin D. Etin * Dn d: Chun b bi luyn tp Tit 24: T CHN Ch : BI Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh
TP ANKAN +ANKEN + ANKIN

47
Trng THPT Quang Trung XVII. XVIII. Mc tiu: HS vn dng c kin thc hc gii bi tp Trng tm: Bi tp ankan + anken + ankin III. Chun b: GV:Gio n HS: n tp l thuyt, lm bi tp ankan + anken + ankin IV.Tin trnh ln lp: Hot ng 1: n nh lp + Bi c Bi c: Bi mi: Hot ng ca thy v tr Hot ng 2: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 1: t chy hon ton hn hp hai hirocacbon mch h X, Y lin tip trong dy ng ng thu c 11,2 lt CO2 (ktc) v 12,6 gam nc. Tm CTPT ca X, Y HS: Chp GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. HS: Tho lun lm bi GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii
Ni dung
Bi 1: t chy hon ton hn hp hai hirocacbon mch h X, Y lin tip trong dy ng ng thu c 11,2 lt CO2 (ktc) v 12,6 gam nc. Tm CTPT ca X, Y Gii: 11,2 nCO2 = = 0,5(mol ) 22,4 12,6 n H 2O = = 0,7(mol ) 18 S mol nc > s mol CO2 X, Y thuc dy ng ng ca ankan. HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li CnH2n + 2 + 3n + 1 O2 t nCO2 + (n+1)H2O 2 ly nhp lm bi 0,5 0,7 GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im n = 2,5 Ta c : 0,5(n + 1 ) = 0,7n CTPT ca X, Y l: C2H6, C3H8 Bi 2: Cho 3,5 gam mt anken X tc dng hon Hot ng 3: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS ton vi dung dch KMnO4 long d, thu chp vo v. c 5,2 gam sn phm hu c. Tm CTPT Bi 2: ca X.
Cho 3,5 gam mt anken X tc dng hon ton vi dung dch KMnO4 long d, thu c 5,2 gam sn phm hu c. Tm CTPT ca X.
Gii 3CnH2n + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O CnH2n(OH)2 + 2MnO2 + 2KOH HS: Chp 14n 14n + 34 GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. 3,5 5,2 HS: Tho lun lm bi Ta c: 3,5( 14n + 34 ) = 5,2.14n GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li n = 5 CTPT ca X l C5H10 ly nhp lm bi GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im Hot ng 4: Bi 3: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS t chy hon ton hon hai hirocacbon mch Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh 48
Trng THPT Quang Trung chp vo v. Bi 3: t chy hon ton hon hai hirocacbon mch h M, N lin tip trong dy ng ng thu c 22,4 lt CO2 ( ktc) v 12,6 gam nc. Tm CTPT ca M, N. HS: Chp GV: Gi hng dn HS cch gii, yu cu HS ln bng trnh by GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im
Hot ng 5: Bi 4: t chy hon ton a lt (ktc) mt ankin X th kh thu c CO2 v H2O c tng khi lng 12,6 gam. Nu cho sn phm chy qua dung dch nc vi trong d, thu c 22,5g kt ta. Tm CTPT ca X.
Bm st chng trnh chun h M, N lin tip trong dy ng ng thu c 22,4 lt CO2 ( ktc) v 12,6 gam nc. Tm CTPT ca M, N. Gii 22,4 nCO2 = = 1(mol ) 22,4 12,6 n H 2O = = 0,7(mol ) 18 S mol nc < s mol CO2 M, N thuc dy ng ng ca ankin. 3n 1 CnH2n - 2 + O2 t nCO2 + (n -1)H2O 2 1 0,7 n = 3,3 Ta c : (n - 1 ) = 0,7n CTPT ca M, N l: C3H4, C4H6 Bi 4: t chy hon ton a lt (ktc) mt ankin X th kh thu c CO2 v H2O c tng khi lng 12,6 gam. Nu cho sn phm chy qua dung dch nc vi trong d, thu c 22,5g kt ta. Tm CTPT ca X. Gii 22,5 nCaCO3 = = 0,225(mol ) 100 mCO2 = 44.0,225 = 9,9( gam)
12,6 9,9 HS: Chp n H 2O = = 0,15(mol ) 18 GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. 3n 1 HS: Tho lun lm bi CnH2n - 2 + O2 t nCO2 + (n -1)H2O 2 GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li 0,225 0,15 ly nhp lm bi Ta c : 0,225(n - 1 ) = 0,15n n = 3 CTPT ca X l: C3H4 GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im Hot ng 6: Cng c - dn d * Cng c: Khi t chy hirocacbon thu c - S mol H2O > s mol CO2 hirocacbon thuc dy ng ng ankan - S mol H2O = s mol CO2 hirocacbon thuc dy ng ng anken - S mol H2O < s mol CO2 hirocacbon thuc dy ng ng ankin * Dn d: Chun b bi tit sau kim tra vit. Tit 25: T XIX. XX.
CHN
Ch : BI TP TNG KT CHNG HIROCACBON NO V HIROCACBON KHNG NO
Mc tiu: HS vn dng c kin thc hc gii bi tp Trng tm: Bi tp tng kt chng hirocacbon no v hirocacbon khng no. Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh 49
Trng THPT Quang Trung Bm st chng trnh chun III. Chun b: GV:Gio n HS: n tp l thuyt, lm bi tp hirocacbon no v hirocacbon khng no. IV.Tin trnh ln lp: Hot ng 1: n nh lp + Bi c Bi c: Bi mi: Hot ng ca thy v tr Hot ng 2: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 1: Hon thnh s phn ng sau Cao su buna C4H4 C4H4 CaCO3 CaO CaC2 C2H2 C2H4 PE Vinylclorua PVC GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. HS: Tho lun lm bi GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii Ni dung
Bi 1: Hon thnh s phn ng sau Cao su buna C4H4 C4H4 CaCO3 CaO CaC2 C2H2 C2H4 PE Vinylclorua PVC Gii: t 1/CaCO3 CaO + CO2 2/ CaO + 3C t CaC2 + CO 3/ CaC2 + 2H2O C2H2 + Ca(OH)2 4/ C2H2 + H2 Pd ,PbCO3 CH2 = CH2 xt ,t , p 5/ nCH2 = CH2 (-CH2 CH2 - )n HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li t 6/ C2H2 + HCl CH2 = CH Cl ly nhp lm bi 7/ xt,t, p GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im nCH2 = CH (- CH2 - CH - )n
Cl Cl
xt ,t 8/ 2C2H2 CH2 = CH- C = CH 9/ CH2 = CH- C = CH + H2 Pd ,PbCO3 CH2 = CH CH = CH2 xt ,t , p 10/ nCH2 = CH CH = CH2 (-CH2 - CH = CH - CH2-)n Bi 2: Cho mt lng anken X tc dng vi H2O Hot ng 3: (xc tc H2SO4) c cht hu c Y, thy khi GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS lng bnh ng nc ban u tng 4,2 gam. chp vo v. Nu cho mt lng X nh trn tc dng vi Bi 2: HBr, thu c cht Z, thy khi lng Y, Z thu Cho mt lng anken X tc dng vi c khc nhau 9,45gam. H2O (xc tc H2SO4) c cht hu c Y, thy khi lng bnh ng nc ban u tng 4,2 gam. Nu cho mt lng X nh trn tc dng vi HBr, thu Gii c cht Z, thy khi lng Y, Z thu CxH2x + H2O CxH2x +1 OH (Y) , (1) c khc nhau 9,45gam. CxH2x + HBr CxH2x +1 Br (Z) , (2) HS: Chp tng khi lng bnh = khi lng anken GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. 4,2 (mol ) phn ng n X = HS: Tho lun lm bi 14 x GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii 4,2 mY = (14 x + 18) 14 x
50
Trng THPT Quang Trung mZ =
4,2 (14 x + 81) 14 x HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li 4,2 4,2 (14 x + 81) (14 x + 18) =9,45 mZ - mY = ly nhp lm bi 14 x 14 x GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im x=2 CTPT ca X: C2H4 Bi 3: Khi t mt th tch hirocacbon A mch h cn Hot ng 4: 30 th tch khng kh, sinh ra 4 th tch kh CO2. GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS A tc dng vi H2 ( xt Ni ), to thnh mt chp vo v. hirocacbon no mch nhnh. Xc nh CTPT, Bi 3: CTCT ca A. Khi t mt th tch hirocacbon A Gii mch h cn 30 th tch khng kh, sinh ra 4 th tch kh CO2. A tc dng y y vi H2 ( xt Ni ), to thnh mt CxHy + (x + )O2 xCO2 + H2O 4 2 hirocacbon no mch nhnh. Xc nh 20 20 CTPT, CTCT ca A. Vkk = .30 = 6 Th tch oxi phn ng: VO2 = 100 100 (lt) Ta c phng trnh x = 4, x + y/4 = 6 y = 8 A c CTPT C4H8 mch h nn A thuc loi HS: Chp GV: Gi hng dn HS cch gii, anken. V A tc dng vi H2 to thnh mt hirocacbon no mch nhnh. CTCT ca A. yu cu HS ln bng trnh by CH2 = C CH3 CH3 GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im
Hot ng 5: Cng c - dn d * Cng c: 1/ t chy hon ton 0,15 mol 2 ankan thu c 9 gam nc.Cho hn hp sn phm sau phn ng vo dung dch nc vi trong d th khi lng kt ta thu c l bao nhiu gam. A. 38g B. 36 gam C. 37 gam D. 35 gam 2/ t chy hon ton m gam, mt hirocacbon thu c 33gam CO2 v 27 gam H2O. Gi tr ca m l A. 11g B. 12g C. 13g D. 14g * Dn d: Chun b bi Benzen v ng ng ca benzen Tit 26: T CHN
Ch : BI TP BENZEN V NG NG. MT S HIROCACBON THM KHC
XXI. XXII.
Mc tiu: HS vn dng c kin thc hc gii bi tp Trng tm: Bi tp benzen v ng ng. Mt s hirocacbon thm khc III. Chun b: GV:Gio n HS: n tp l thuyt, lm bi tp benzen v ng ng. Mt s hirocacbon thm khc IV.Tin trnh ln lp: Hot ng 1: n nh lp + Bi c Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh 51
Trng THPT Quang Trung Bi c: Trnh by tnh cht ha hc ca benzen Bi mi:
52
Hot ng ca thy v tr Hot ng 2: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS Trng THPT Quang Trung chp vo v. Bi 1: A l mt ng ng ca benzen c t khi hi so vi metan bng 5,75. A tham gia cc qu trnh chuyn ha theo s sau: + Cl2 B (1mol ) + H 2,t C , Ni + HNO3 ,( 3 mol ), H 2 SO4 A D + KMnO4 ,t E Trn s ch ghi cc cht sn phm hu c ( phn ng cn c th to ra cc cht v c) Hy vit phng trnh ha hc ca cc qu trnh chuyn ha. Cc cht hu c vit di dng CTCT, km theo tn gi. GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. HS: Tho lun lm bi GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii
Ni dung
Bi 1: Bm st chng trnh chun A l mt ng ng ca benzen c t khi hi so vi metan bng 5,75. A tham gia cc qu trnh chuyn ha theo s sau: + Cl2 B (1mol ) + H 2,t C , Ni + HNO3 ,( 3 mol ), H 2 SO4 A D + KMnO4 ,t E Trn s ch ghi cc cht sn phm hu c ( phn ng cn c th to ra cc cht v c) Hy vit phng trnh ha hc ca cc qu trnh chuyn ha. Cc cht hu c vit di dng CTCT, km theo tn gi. Gii MA = 5,75.16 = 92 (g/mol) 14n 6 = 92 n =7 A l C7H8 hay C6H5 CH3 ( Toluen) C6H5 CH3 + Cl2 t C6H5 CH2Cl + HCl B: benzyl clorua Ni,t C6H5 CH3 + 3H2 C6H11CH3 C: Metylxiclohexan HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li C6H5-CH3 + 3HNO3 H 2 SO4 C6H2(NO2)3CH3 + ly nhp lm bi 3H2O GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im D: TNT (trinitrotoluen) C6H5 CH3 + KmnO4 t + KOH + 2MnO2 + H2O C6H5-COOK E: kali benzoat Bi 2: Cht A l mt ng ng ca benzen. Khi t chy hon ton 1,5 g cht A, ngi ta thu c 2,52 lt kh CO2 ( ktc). a/ Xc nh CTPT. b/ Vit cc CTCT ca A. Gi tn. c/ Khi A tc dng vi Br2 c cht xc tc Fe v nhit th mt nguyn t H nh vi vng benzen b thay th bi Br, to ra dn xut monobrom duy nht. Xc nh CTCT ca A. Gii 3n 3 CnH2n 6 + O2 nCO2 + (n-3)H2O 2 C ( 14n -6)g A to ra n mol CO2 2,52 = 0,1125molCO2 C 1,5 g A to ra 22,4 14n 6 n = n=9 1,5 0,1125 CTPT: C9H12 Cc CTCT:
CH3 CH3
CH3
Hot ng 3: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 2: Cht A l mt ng ng ca benzen. Khi t chy hon ton 1,5 g cht A, ngi ta thu c 2,52 lt kh CO2 ( ktc). a/ Xc nh CTPT. b/ Vit cc CTCT ca A. Gi tn. c/ Khi A tc dng vi Br2 c cht xc tc Fe v nhit th mt nguyn t H nh vi vng benzen b thay th bi Br, to ra dn xut monobrom duy nht. Xc nh CTCT ca A. HS: Chp GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. HS: Tho lun lm bi GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii
CH3 CH3 H3C Br

CH3
HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li ly nhp lm bi GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh
CH3
3
2 5
2 CH3 CHH - CH2 - CH3 CH C
CH3
CH -CH3 CH3
Br
2 5
CH3
1,2,3-trimetlybenzen
H etyl CH 1- 3C - 2 - metylbenzen 3 etyl - 3 - metylbenzen H3C 1-
propylbenzen
CH3 Fe,t C2H5 + Br2 1,2,5-trimetlybenzen
53
1,3,5-trimetlybenzen C H + HBr
isopropylbenzen CH3 1- etyl - 4 - metylbenzen
Trng THPT Quang Trung Bm st chng trnh chun Hot ng 5: Cng c - dn d * Cng c: Nhc li cch gi tn cc ng ng benzen. Cc cch gii bi tp tm CTPT, vit CTCT * Dn d: Chun b bi ngun hirocacbon thin nhin Tit 27: T CHN
Ch : BI TP H THNG HA V HIROCACBON
XXIII. XXIV.
Mc tiu: HS vn dng c kin thc hc gii bi tp Trng tm: Bi tp h thng ha v hirocacbon III. Chun b: GV:Gio n HS: n tp l thuyt, lm bi tp h thng ha v hidrocacbon IV.Tin trnh ln lp: Hot ng 1: n nh lp + Bi c Bi c: Trnh by thnh phn ca du m Bi mi:
54
Hot ng ca thy v tr Hot ng 2: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS Trng THPT Quang Trung chp vo v. Bi 1: Hn hp M cha hai hidrocacbon k tip nhau trong mt dy ng ng. Khi t chy hon ton 13,2 gam hn hp M thu c 20,72t CO2 ( ktc). Hy xc nh CTPT v % khi lng tng cht trong hn hp M. GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. HS: Tho lun lm bi GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li ly nhp lm bi GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im
Ni dung Bi 1: Bm st chng trnh chun Hn hp M cha hai hidrocacbon k tip nhau trong mt dy ng ng. Khi t chy hon ton 13,2 gam hn hp M thu c 20,72t CO2 ( ktc). Hy xc nh CTPT v % khi lng tng cht trong hn hp M. Gii 20,72 nCO2 = = 0,925( mol ) 22,4 mC = 12.0.925 = 11,1( gam) m H = 13,2 11,1 = 2,1( gam) 2,1 n H 2O = = 1,05(mol ) 2 V s mol H2O > s mol CO2 nn hai cht trong hn hp M u l ankan. 3n + 1 CnH2n +2 O2 nCO2 + ( n +1 ) H2O 2 n 0,925 = n = 7,4 n + 1 1,05 CTPT ca hai cht C7H16( x mol) v C8H18( y mol) Khi lng hai cht: 100x + 114y =13,2 S mol CO2: 7x + 8y = 0,925 x = 0,075; y = 0,05 0,075.100 %C 7 H 16 = .100% = 56,8% 13,2 0,05.114 %C8 H 18 = .100% = 43,2% 13,2 Bi 2: Khi cho mt hidrocacbon mch h X tc dng vi nc brom ( d) sinh ra mt hp cht Y cha 4 nguyn t brom trong phn t. Trong Y, phn trm khi lng ca ccbon bng 10% khi lng ca Y. a/ Tm CTPT v CTCT ca X. b/ Trn 2,24 lt X vi 3,36 lt H2 ( ktc) sau un nng hn hp vi mt t bt Ni n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton. Tnh % khi lng ca cc cht sau phn ng.
Hot ng 3: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 2: Khi cho mt hidrocacbon mch h X tc dng vi nc brom ( d) sinh ra mt hp cht Y cha 4 nguyn t brom trong phn t. Trong Y, phn trm khi lng ca ccbon bng 10% khi lng ca Y. a/ Tm CTPT v CTCT ca X. b/ Trn 2,24 lt X vi 3,36 lt H2 ( ktc) sau un nng hn hp vi mt t bt Ni n khi phn ng xy ra hon Gii ton. Tnh % khi lng ca cc cht a/ X c CTPT CnH2n 2, tc dng vi brom: sau phn ng. CnH2n 2 + 2Br2 CnH2n 2Br4 HS: Chp 12n 10 .100% = n=3 %C = 14n 2 100 GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. Vy CTPT ca X l C3H4, CTCT ca X l HS: Tho lun lm bi CH3- C = CH GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii b/ Phn ng hiro ha C3H4 + 2H2 C3H8 x 2x C3H4 + H2 C3H6 y y Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh 55 Ta c h phng trnh x + y = 0,1 HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li 2x + y = 0,15 ly nhp lm bi
Trng THPT Quang Trung Hot ng 5: Cng c - dn d * Cng c: Nhc li cc kin thc hidrocacbon hc * Dn d: Chun b bi: Dn xut halogen ca hirocacbon Tit 28: T CHN XXV. XXVI.
Ch : BI TP DN XUT HALOGEN CA HIROCACBON V ANCOL
Mc tiu: HS vn dng c kin thc hc gii bi tp Trng tm: Bi tp dn xut halogen ca hirocacbon v ancol III. Chun b: GV:Gio n HS: n tp l thuyt, lm bi dn xut halogen ca hidrocacbon v ancol IV.Tin trnh ln lp: Hot ng 1: n nh lp + Bi c Bi c: Trnh by s chuyn ha gia cc hirocacbon Bi mi:
56
Hot ng ca thy v tr Hot ng 2: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS Trng THPT Quang Trung chp vo v. Bi 1: Hon thnh s chuyn ha sau bng cc phng trnh ha hc. a/ Etan cloetan etyl magie clorua b/ Butan 2 brombutan but -2en CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3 GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. HS: Tho lun lm bi GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li ly nhp lm bi GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im Hot ng 3: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 2: t chy hon ton 3,96 g cht hu c A, thu c 1,792 lt CO2 ( ktc) v 1,44 g H2O. Nu chuyn ht lng clo c trong 2,475 g cht A thnh AgCl th thu c 7,175 g AgCl. a/ Xc nh cng thc n gin nht ca A. b/ Xc nh CTPT ca A bit rng t khi hi ca A so vi etan l 3,3. c/ Vit cc CTCT m A c th c v gi tn HS: Chp GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. HS: Tho lun lm bi GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii
Ni dung Bi 1: Bm st chng trnh chun Hon thnh s chuyn ha sau bng cc phng trnh ha hc. a/ Etan cloetan etyl magie clorua b/ Butan 2 brombutan but -2- en CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3 Gii a/ C2H6 + Cl2 as C2H5Cl + HCl C2H5Cl + Mg C2H5MgCl b/ CH3CH2CH2CH3 + Br2 CH3CHBrCH2CH3 + HBr CH3CHBrCH2CH3 + KOH C2 H 5OH CH3- CH = CH CH3 + KBr + H2O H+ CH3- CH = CH CH3 + H2O CH3- CH(OH) CH CH3 Bi 2: t chy hon ton 3,96 g cht hu c A, thu c 1,792 lt CO2 ( ktc) v 1,44 g H2O. Nu chuyn ht lng clo c trong 2,475 g cht A thnh AgCl th thu c 7,175 g AgCl. a/ Xc nh cng thc n gin nht ca A. b/ Xc nh CTPT ca A bit rng t khi hi ca A so vi etan l 3,3. c/ Vit cc CTCT m A c th c v gi tn
Gii a/ Khi t chy A ta thu c CO2 v H2O, vy A phi cha C v H. Khi lng C trong 1,792 lt CO2: 12.1,792 = 0,96( g ) 22,4 Khi lng H trong 1,44 g H2O: 2.1,44 = 0,16( g ) 18 cng l khi lng C v H trong 3,96 g A HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li Theo bi ra, A phi cha Cl. Khi lng Cl ly nhp lm bi trong 7,175 g AgCl GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im 35,5.7,175 = 1,775 (g) 143,5 cng l khi lng Cl trong 2,475 g A Vy, khi lng Cl trong 3,96 g A l: 1,775.3,96 = 2,84( gam ) 2,475 Vy cht A c dng CxHyClz 0,96 0,16 2,84 : : = 1: 2 :1 x: y: z = 12 1 35,5 CTGN ca A l CH2Cl b/ MA = 3,3.30 = 99 (g/mol) (CH2Cl)n = 99 49,5n = 99 n = 2 CTPT ca A l C2 H4Cl2 c/ Cc CTCT CH3CHCl2 ; 1,1 icloetan Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh 57 CH2Cl CH2Cl; 1,2 - icloetan Bi 3: t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp hai
Trng THPT Quang Trung Hot ng 5: Cng c - dn d * Cng c: Nhc li tnh cht ca dn xut halogen, ancol * Dn d: Chun b bi: Phn cn li bi Ancol Tit 29: T XXVII. XXVIII.
CHN
Ch : BI TP ANCOL V PHENOL
Mc tiu: HS vn dng c kin thc hc gii bi tp Trng tm: Bi tp Ancol v phenol III. Chun b: GV:Gio n HS: n tp l thuyt, lm bi Ancol v phenol IV.Tin trnh ln lp: Hot ng 1: n nh lp + Bi c Bi c: Trnh by nh ngha, phn loi, danh php Ancol. Ly VD minh ha. Bi mi:
58
Hot ng ca thy v tr Hot ng 2: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS Trng THPT Quang Trung chp vo v. Bi 1: Hn hp A cha gixerol v mt ancol n chc. Cho 20,30 gam A tc dng vi natri d thu c 5,04 lt H2 ( ktc). Mt khc 8,12 gam A ha tan va ht 1,96 g Cu(OH)2. Xc nh CTPT, Tnh % v khi lng ca ancol n chc trong hn hp A. GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. HS: Tho lun lm bi GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii
Ni dung Bi 1: Bm st chng trnh chun Hn hp A cha gixerol v mt ancol n chc. Cho 20,30 gam A tc dng vi natri d thu c 5,04 lt H2 ( ktc). Mt khc 8,12 gam A ha tan va ht 1,96 g Cu(OH)2. Xc nh CTPT, Tnh % v khi lng ca ancol n chc trong hn hp A.
Gii 2C3H5 (OH)3 + Cu(OH)2 [C3H5(OH)2O]2Cu + 2H2O S mol gixerol trong 8,12 g A = 2 s mol 1,96 = 0,04(mol ) Cu(OH)2 = 2. 98 HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li S mol gixerol trong 20,3 g A: ly nhp lm bi 0,04.20,3 = 0,1(mol ) GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im 8,12 Khi lng gixerol trong 20,3 g A l : 0,1.92 = 9,2 (g) Khi lng ROH trong 20,3 g A l: 20,3 9,2 =11,1(g) 2C3H5 (OH)3 + Na 2C3H5 (ONa)3 + 3H2 0,1 0,15 2ROH + 2Na RONa + H2 x 0,5x S mol H2 = 0,15 + 0,5x = 5,04 = 0,225 x = 0,15 22,4 11,1 = 74 Khi lng 1 mol ROH: 0,15 R = 29; R l C4H9 CTPT: C4H10O
Phn trm khi lng C4H9OH =
Hot ng 3: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 2: un nng hn hp 2 ancol no, n chc, mch h vi H2SO4 1400C, thu c 72 gam hn hp 3 ete vi s mol bng nhau. Khi lng nc tch ra trong qu trnh to thnh cc ete l Gii 21,6 gam. Xc nh CTCT ca 2 ancol. 2CnH2n+1OH (2CnH2n +1)2O + H2O HS: Chp 2Cm H2m +1OH (2CmH2m+1)2O + H2O GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. CnH2n+1OH + Cm H2m +1OH CnH2n+1OCmH2m HS: Tho lun lm bi GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii +1 + H2O HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li S mol 3 ete = s mol nc = 21,6 = 1,2(mol ) 18 ly nhp lm bi S mol mi ete = 0,4 (mol) GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im Khi lng 3 ete: (28n + 18).0,4 + ( 28m +18).0,4 + (14n + 14m Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh 59 + 18).0,4=72 n+m=3 Hot ng 4: Hai CTCT ca ancol l: CH3OH, CH3CH2OH GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS
11,1 .100% = 54,68% 20,3 Bi 2: un nng hn hp 2 ancol no, n chc, mch h vi H2SO4 1400C, thu c 72 gam hn hp 3 ete vi s mol bng nhau. Khi lng nc tch ra trong qu trnh to thnh cc ete l 21,6 gam. Xc nh CTCT ca 2 ancol.
Trng THPT Quang Trung Hot ng 5: Cng c - dn d * Cng c: Nhc li tnh cht ca ancol v phenol * Dn d: Chun b bi: Luyn tp Tit 30: T XXIX. XXX.
CHN
Ch : BI TP TNG KT CHNG DN XUT HALOGEN ANCOL V PHENOL
Mc tiu: HS vn dng c kin thc hc gii bi tp Trng tm: Bi tp dn xut Halogen + Ancol + Phenol III. Chun b: GV:Gio n HS: n tp l thuyt, lm bi dn xut Halogen + Ancol + Phenol IV.Tin trnh ln lp: Hot ng 1: n nh lp + Bi c Bi c: Khng kim tra Bi mi:
60
Hot ng ca thy v tr Hot ng 2: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS Trng THPT Quang Trung chp vo v. Bi 1: T etilen vit phng trnh iu ch cc cht sau: 1,2 ibrometan; 1,1 ibrometan; vinylclorua GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. HS: Tho lun lm bi GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li ly nhp lm bi GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im
Ni dung Bi 1: Bm st chng trnh chun T etilen vit phng trnh iu ch cc cht sau: 1,2 ibrometan; 1,1 ibrometan; vinylclorua Gii iu ch 1,2 ibrom CH2 = CH2 + Br2 CH2Br CH2Br iu ch 1,1 ibrom CH2Br CH2Br + 2KOH CH = CH + 2KBr + H2O CH = CH + 2HBr CH3CHBr2 iu ch vinylclorua CH2 =CH2 + Cl2 CH2Cl CH2Cl CH2Cl CH2Cl + KOH CH2= CHCl + KCl + H2O Bi 2: Cho 13,8 g hn hp X gm glixerol v mt ancol n chc A tc dng vi natri d thu c 4,48 lt kh hiro (ktc). Lng hidro do A sinh ra bng 1/3 lng hidro do glixerol sinh ra. Tm CTPT v gi tn A. Gii 2C3H5 (ONa )3 + 3H2 2C3H5 (OH )3+ 6Na a 3a/2 2ROH + 2Na 2RONa + H2 b b/2 Ta c phng trnh: 92a + MA.b = 13,8 3a + b = 0,4 a=b a = b =0,1 (mol); MA = 46(g/mol) CTPT ca A C2H5OH; etanol Bi 3: Hn hp M gm ancol metylic, ancol etylic v phenol. Cho 14,45 g M tc dng vi natrib d, thu c 2,787 lt H2 ( 270C v 750 mm Hg ). Mt khc 11,56 g M tc dng va ht vi 80ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Tnh % khi lng tng cht trong hn hp M.
Hot ng 3: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 2: Cho 13,8 g hn hp X gm glixerol v mt ancol n chc A tc dng vi natri d thu c 4,48 lt kh hiro (ktc). Lng hidro do A sinh ra bng 1/3 lng hidro do glixerol sinh ra. Tm CTPT v gi tn A. HS: Chp GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. HS: Tho lun lm bi GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li ly nhp lm bi GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im Hot ng 4: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 3: Hn hp M gm ancol metylic, ancol etylic v phenol. Cho 14,45 g M tc dng vi natrib d, thu c 2,787 lt H2 ( 270C v 750 mm Hg ). Mt khc 11,56 g M tc dng va ht vi 80ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Tnh % khi lng tng cht trong hn hp M. HS: Chp
Gii Khi cho 11,56 g M tc dng vi dung dch NaOH C6H5OH + NaOH C6H5ONa + H2O S mol C6H5OH trong 11,56 g M = s mol NaOH = 0,08 (mol) S mol C6H5OH trong 14,45 g M = GV: Gi hng dn HS cch gii, 0,08.14,45 = 0,1(mol ) yu cu HS ln bng trnh by 11,56 C6H5OH + Na C6H5ONa + 1/2H2 0,1 0,05 CH3ONa + 1/2H2 Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh CH3OH + Na x x/2 C2H5OH + Na C2H5ONa + 1/2H2 GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im
61
Trng THPT Quang Trung Hot ng 5: Cng c - dn d * Cng c: Nhc li tnh cht ca dn xut halogen ancol v phenol * Dn d: Chun b bi: Anehit - Xeton Tit 31: T CHN
Ch : BI TP ANEHIT - XETON
XXXI. XXXII.
Mc tiu: HS vn dng c kin thc hc gii bi tp Trng tm: Bi tp Anehit - Xeton III. Chun b: GV:Gio n HS: n tp l thuyt, lm bi Anehit - Xeton IV.Tin trnh ln lp: Hot ng 1: n nh lp + Bi c Bi c: Trnh by tnh cht ha hc ca Anehit - Xeton Bi mi:
62
Hot ng ca thy v tr Hot ng 2: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS Trng THPT Quang Trung chp vo v. Bi 1: Cht A l mt anehit n chc. Cho 10,5 gam A tham gia ht vo phn ng trng bc. Lng to thnh c ha tan ht vo axit nitric long lm thot ra 3,85 lt kh NO ( o 27,30C v 0,8 atm ). Xc nh CTPT, CTCT v tn cht A. GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. HS: Tho lun lm bi GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li ly nhp lm bi GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im
Ni dung Bi 1: Bm st chng trnh chun Cht A l mt anehit n chc. Cho 10,5 gam A tham gia ht vo phn ng trng bc. Lng to thnh c ha tan ht vo axit nitric long lm thot ra 3,85 lt kh NO ( o 27,30C v 0,8 atm ). Xc nh CTPT, CTCT v tn cht A. Gii RCHO + 2AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O RCOONH4 + 2NH4NO3 + 2Ag 3Ag + 4HNO3 3AgNO3 + NO + 2H2O 3,85.0,8 n NO = = 0,125(mol ) 0,082.300,3 S mol Ag = 3 s mol NO = 0,375 (mol) S mol RCHO = s mol Ag = 0,1875(mol) 10,5 = 56 Khi lng 1 mol RCHO = 0,1875 R = 56 -29 = 27 R l C2H3 CTPT l C3H4O CTCT l CH2 = CH CHO ( propenal ) Bi 2: t chy hon ton mt lng cht hu c A phi dng va ht 3,08 lt O2. Sn phm thu c ch gm 1,8 gam H2O v 2,24 lt CO2. Cc th tch o ktc. a/ Xc nh CTGN ca A. b/ Xc nh CTPT ca A. Bit rng t khi ca A i vi oxi l 2,25. c/ Xc nh CTCT ca A, gi tn, bit rng A l hp cht cacbonyl. Gii a/ Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng
Hot ng 3: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 2: t chy hon ton mt lng cht hu c A phi dng va ht 3,08 lt O2. Sn phm thu c ch gm 1,8 gam H2O v 2,24 lt CO2. Cc th tch o ktc. a/ Xc nh CTGN ca A. b/ Xc nh CTPT ca A. Bit rng t khi ca A i vi oxi l 2,25. c/ Xc nh CTCT ca A, gi tn, bit rng A l hp cht cacbonyl. HS: Chp GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. HS: Tho lun lm bi GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii
m A = mCO2 + mH 2O mO 2 = + 1,8 3,08 .32 = 1,8( gam) 22,4
2,24 .44 22,4
Khi lng C trong 1,8 gam A : HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li 12.2,24 = 1,2( gam) ly nhp lm bi 22,4 Khi lng H trong 1,8 gam A : 2.1,8 = 0,2( gam) 18 Khi lng O trong 1,8 gam A: 1,8 1,2 0,2 = 0,4 (gam) Cng thc cht A c dng: CxHyOz 1,2 0,2 0,4 : : = 4 : 8 :1 x:y:z = 12 1 16 GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im CTGN l: C4H8O b/ MA = 2,25.32 = 72g/mol Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh 63 CTPT trng CTGN: C4H8O c/ Cc hp cht cacbonyl CH3 CH2 CH2 CHO butanal
Trng THPT Quang Trung Bm st chng trnh chun Hot ng 5: Cng c - dn d * Cng c: Trong phn t anehit no, n chc, mch h X c phn trm khi lng oxi bng 27,586 %. X c CTPT l A. CH2O B. C2H4O C. C3H6O D. C4H8O * Dn d: Chun b bi: axit cacboxylic Tit 32: T CHN
Ch : BI TP AXIT CACBOXYLIC
XXXIII. XXXIV.
Mc tiu: HS vn dng c kin thc hc gii bi tp Trng tm: Bi tp Axit cacboxylic III. Chun b: GV:Gio n HS: n tp l thuyt, lm bi Axit cacboxylic IV.Tin trnh ln lp: Hot ng 1: n nh lp + Bi c Bi c: Trnh by tnh cht ha hc ca Axit cacboxylic Bi mi:
64
Hot ng ca thy v tr Hot ng 2: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS Trng THPT Quang Trung chp vo v. Bi 1: trung ha 50 ml dung dch ca mt axit cacboxylic n chc phi dng va ht 30 ml dung dch KOH 2M. Mt khc, khi trung ha 125 ml dung dch axit ni trn bng mt lng KOH va ri c cn, thu c 16,8 gam mui khan. Xc nh CTPT, CTCT, tn v nng mol ca axit trong dung dch . GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. HS: Tho lun lm bi GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii
Ni dung Bi 1: Bm st chng trnh chun trung ha 50 ml dung dch ca mt axit cacboxylic n chc phi dng va ht 30 ml dung dch KOH 2M. Mt khc, khi trung ha 125 ml dung dch axit ni trn bng mt lng KOH va ri c cn, thu c 16,8 gam mui khan. Xc nh CTPT, CTCT, tn v nng mol ca axit trong dung dch .
Gii RCOOH + KOH RCOOK + H2O S mol RCOOH trong 50 ml dung dch axit l: 2.30 = 0,06(mol ) 1000 Nng mol ca dung dch axit l: 0,06.1000 = 1,2( mol / l ) HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li 50 ly nhp lm bi S mol RCOOH trong 125 ml dung dch axit l: GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im 1,2.125 = 0,15( mol ) 1000 cng l s mol mui thu c sau khi c cn dung dch . 16,8 = 112 Khi lng 1 mol mui l: 0,15 RCOOK = 112 R = 29 R l C2H5 CTPT ca axit l: C3H6O2 CTCT: CH3 CH2 COOH axit propanoic Bi 2: Hot ng 3: Cht A l mt axit no, n chc, mch h. GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS t chy hon ton 2,225 gam A phi dng chp vo v. va ht 3,64 lt O2 ( ktc). Bi 2: Xc nh CTPT, CTCT v tn gi. Cht A l mt axit no, n chc, mch h. t chy hon ton 2,225 gam A phi dng va ht 3,64 lt O2 ( ktc). Xc nh CTPT, CTCT v tn gi. HS: Chp Gii GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. 3n 2 O2 nCO2 + nH2O CnH2nO2 + HS: Tho lun lm bi 2 Theo phng trnh ( 14n + 32)g axit tc dng GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii 3n 2 vi mol O2 2 Theo bi ra 2,25 gam axit tc dng vi 0,1625 mol O2 14n + 32 3n 2 = n=5 2,55 0,1625.2 HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li ly nhp lm bi CTPT C5H10O2 CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 COOH axit pentanoic CH3 CH CH2 COOH axit -3metylbutanoic CH3 CH3 CH2 CH COOH axit -2metylbutanoic Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh 65 CH3 GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im CH3 CH3 C COOH axit -2,2
Trng THPT Quang Trung Bm st chng trnh chun Hot ng 5: Cng c - dn d * Cng c: Trung ha 10g dung dch axit hu c n chc X nng 3,7% cn dng 50 ml dung dch KOH 0,1 M. CTCT ca X l A. CH3CH2COOH B. CH3COOH C. HCOOH D. CH3CH2CH2COOH * Dn d: Chun b bi: Luyn tp Tit 33: T CHN
Ch : BI TP ANEHIT XETON AXIT CACBOXYLIC
XXXV. XXXVI.
Mc tiu: HS vn dng c kin thc hc gii bi tp Trng tm: Bi tp anehit xeton axit cacboxylic III. Chun b: GV:Gio n HS: n tp l thuyt, lm bi anehit xeton axit cacboxylic IV.Tin trnh ln lp: Hot ng 1: n nh lp + Bi c Bi c: Trnh by tnh cht ha hc ca anehit v axit cacboxylic Bi mi:
66
Hot ng ca thy v tr Hot ng 2: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS Trng THPT Quang Trung chp vo v. Bi 1: Hn hp M cha ba cht hu c A, B v C l 3 ng phn ca nhau. A l anehit n chc v C l ancol. t chy hon ton 1,45g hn hp M, thu c 1,68 lt ( ktc) kh CO2 v 1,35 gam H2O. Xc nh CTPT, CTCT v tn A, B, C. GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. HS: Tho lun lm bi GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii
Ni dung Bi 1: Bm st chng trnh chun Hn hp M cha ba cht hu c A, B v C l 3 ng phn ca nhau. A l anehit n chc v C l ancol. t chy hon ton 1,45g hn hp M, thu c 1,68 lt ( ktc) kh CO2 v 1,35 gam H2O. Xc nh CTPT, CTCT v tn A, B, C.
Gii Ba cht A, B, C l ng phn nn c CTPT ging nhau. A l anehit n chc nn phn t A ch c 1 nguyn t oxi. Vy A, B v C c CTPT CxHyO. Khi t chy hon ton hn hp M HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li y 1 CxHyO + ( x + )O2 xCO2 + y/2H2O ly nhp lm bi 4 2 GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im Theo phng trnh: (12x + y +16 ) g M to ra x mol CO2 v y/2 mol H2O. 1,45g M to ra 0,075 mol CO2 v 0,075 mol H2O 12 x + y + 16 x y = = x = 3, y = 6 1,45 0,075 0,15 CTPT ca A, B v C l C3H6O A l CH3CH2CHO propanal B l CH3COCH3 axeton C l CH2= CH CH2 OH propenol Hot ng 3: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 2: Trung ha 250g dung dch 3,7% ca mt axit n chc X cn 100ml dung dch NaOH 1,25M ( hiu sut 100%) a/ Tm CTPT, vit CTCT v tn gi ca X. b/ C cn dung dch sau khi trung ha th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan. HS: Chp GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. HS: Tho lun lm bi Bi 2: Trung ha 250g dung dch 3,7% ca mt axit n chc X cn 100ml dung dch NaOH 1,25M ( hiu sut 100%) a/ Tm CTPT, vit CTCT v tn gi ca X. b/ C cn dung dch sau khi trung ha th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan.
Gii a/ Axit n chc, cng thc CxHyCOOH CxHyCOOH + NaOH CxHyCOONa + H2O
GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii S mol NaOH = 0,125 (mol); khi lng axit X = 9,25 gam. Theo phng trnh s mol axit = s mol NaOH 9,25 = 74( g / mol ) Maxit = 0,125 12x + y = 29 suy ra x = 2; y = 5 HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li CTPT l C3H6O2 ly nhp lm bi CTCT l CH3CH2COOH axit propionic. b/ CH3CH2COOH + NaOH C2H5COONa + H2O C cn dung dch sau trung ha thu c GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im mui khan C2H5COONa c s mol bng s mol NaOH l 0,125 mol Hot ng 4: Khi lng mui khan l 0,125 .96 = 12gam 67 Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS Bi 3: chp vo v. Trnh by phng php ha hc phn bit cc Bi 3: cht lng: HCOOH, CH3COOH, CH3CH2OH,
Trng THPT Quang Trung Bm st chng trnh chun Hot ng 5: Cng c - dn d * Cng c: Trnh by phng php ha hc phn bit cc dung dch trong nc ca cc cht sau: fomanehit, axit fomic, axit axetic, ancol etylic. * Dn d: Chun b bi: Bi thc hnh 6 Tit 34: T CHN
Ch : BI TP TNG KT CHNG ANEHIT XETON AXIT CACBOXYLIC
XXXVII.
Mc tiu: HS vn dng c kin thc hc gii bi tp XXXVIII. Trng tm: Bi tp anehit xeton axit cacboxylic III. Chun b: GV:Gio n HS: n tp l thuyt, lm bi anehit xeton axit cacboxylic IV.Tin trnh ln lp: Hot ng 1: n nh lp + Bi c Bi c: khng kim tra Bi mi:
68
Hot ng ca thy v tr Hot ng 2: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS Trng THPT Quang Trung chp vo v. Bi 1: Mt hp cht hu c Y gm cc nguyn t C, H, O ch cha mt loi nhm chc c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc. Khi cho 0,01 mol Y tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong ammoniac th thu c 4,32 g Ag. Xc nh CTPT v vit CTCT ca Y, bit Y c cu to mch cacbon khng phn nhnh v cha 37,21% oxi v khi lng. GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. HS: Tho lun lm bi GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii
Ni dung Bi 1: Bm st chng trnh chun Mt hp cht hu c Y gm cc nguyn t C, H, O ch cha mt loi nhm chc c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc. Khi cho 0,01 mol Y tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong ammoniac th thu c 4,32 g Ag. Xc nh CTPT v vit CTCT ca Y, bit Y c cu to mch cacbon khng phn nhnh v cha 37,21% oxi v khi lng. Gii
nY = 0,01(mol ) n 4,32 0,01 1 n Ag = = 0,04(mol ) Y = = 108 n Ag 0,04 4 C 2 trng hp + Nu Y l HCHO 16.100% HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li = 53% 37,21% (loi) %mO = ly nhp lm bi 30 GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im + Nu Y l R(CHO)2 = CxHyO2 32.100% = 37,21% M Y = 86 %mO = MY 12x + y = 86 suy ra x = 4, y = 6 CTCT: CHO CH2 CH2 CHO Bi 2: Cho 10,2 g hn hp X gm anehit axetic v anehit propioic tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong ammoniac d, thy c 43,2 g bc kt ta. a/ Vit phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng xy ra. b/ Tnh % khi lng ca mi cht trong hn hp ban u.
Hot ng 3: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 2: Cho 10,2 g hn hp X gm anehit axetic v anehit propioic tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong ammoniac d, thy c 43,2 g bc kt ta. a/ Vit phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng xy ra. b/ Tnh % khi lng ca mi cht Gii trong hn hp ban u. a/ HS: Chp CH3CHO + 2AgNO3 + 4NH3 + H2O GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. CH3COONH4 + 2NH4NO3 + 2Ag HS: Tho lun lm bi C2H5CHO + 2AgNO3 + 4NH3 + H2O C2H5COONH4 + 2NH4NO3 + 2Ag GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii b/ Gi x, y ln lt l s mol anehit axetic, anehit propioic. 44x + 58y = 10,2 2x + 2y = 0,4 HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li Gii h x = y = 0,1 ly nhp lm bi 0,1.44.100% = 43,14% %CH3CHO = 10,2 GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im %C2H5CHO = 56,86% Hot ng 4: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS Bi 3: Ha tan 13,4 g hn hp hai axit cacboxylic no, chp vo v. n chc, mch h vo nc c 50 g dung BiVin : V Quc Sanh 3: Gio 69 Ha tan 13,4 g hn hp hai axit dch A. Chia A thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Cho cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h vo phn th nht phn ng hon ton vi lng nc c 50 g dung dch A. Chia A d bc nitrat trong dung dch ammoniac, thu
Trng THPT Quang Trung Bm st chng trnh chun Hot ng 5: Cng c - dn d * Cng c: Tnh cht ha hc ca anehit, xeton, axit cacboxylic. * Dn d: Chun b bi: n tp cc kin thc hc chun b n tp hc k II Tit 35: T CHN
Ch : N TP HC K II
XXXIX. XL.
Mc tiu: HS vn dng c kin thc hc gii bi tp Trng tm: Kin thc chng 5, 6, 7, 8 III. Chun b: GV:Gio n HS: n tp l thuyt, lm bi chng 5, 6, 7, 8 IV.Tin trnh ln lp: Hot ng 1: n nh lp + Bi c Bi c: Khng kim tra Bi mi:
70
Hot ng ca thy v tr Hot ng 2: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS Trng THPT Quang Trung chp vo v. Bi 1: Bng phng php ha hc hy phn bit cc ha cht sau: Ancol etylic, phenol, glixerol. Vit phng trnh minh ha nu c GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. HS: Tho lun lm bi GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii
Ni dung Bi 1: Bm st chng trnh chun Bng phng php ha hc hy phn bit cc ha cht sau: Ancol etylic, phenol, glixerol. Vit phng trnh minh ha nu c Gii
Trch mi l ra mt t lm mu th Cho dung dch Br2 ln lt vo cc mu th + Mu th no xut hin kt ta trng Phenol HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li C6H5OH + 3Br2 C6H2Br3OH + 3HBr ly nhp lm bi + Mu th khng c hin tng l: Ancol etylic v glixerol. Cho dung dch CuSO4/ NaOH vo 2 mu th cn li + Mu th lm cho dung dch c mu xanh lam glixerol GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im CuSO4 + 2NaOH Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4 2C3H5(OH)3 + Cu(OH)2 [C3H5(OH)2O]2Cu + 2H2O + Mu th khng c hin tng Ancol Hot ng 3: etylic GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 2: Bi 2: T CaC2 v cht v c cn thit c y vit T CaC2 v cht v c cn thit c y phng trnh iu ch caosu buna, nha PE, vit phng trnh iu ch caosu PVC, CH3CHO buna, nha PE, PVC, CH3CHO HS: Chp Gii GV: Yu cu HS tho lun lm bi. C2H2 + Ca(OH)2 CaC2 + 2H2O HS: Tho lun lm bi 2C2H2 xt CH2 = CH C = CH CH2 = CH C = CH + H2 Pd CH2 = CH CH = CH2 GV: Cho HS xung phong ln bng gii xt , p ,t nCH2 = CH CH = CH2 (- CH2 CH = CH CH2 - )n Pd CH2 = CH2 HS: Ln bng trnh by, cc HS cn li C2H2 + H2 p nCH2 = CH2 xt , ( - CH2 CH2 - )n ,t ly nhp lm bi C2H2 + HCl xt CH2 = CH Cl p CH2 = CH Cl xt , ( - CH2 CH - )n ,t Cl GV: Gi HS nhn xt ghi im HgSO4 C2H2 + H2O CH3CHO Bi 3: Cho 21,4 gam hn hp kh A gm metan, etilen, axetilen qua dung dch brom, thy c 112 gam brom tham gia phn ng. Mt khc, nu cho 21,4 gam kh A trn qua dung dch bc nitrat trong amoniac thy c 24 gam kt ta. a/ Vit cc phng trnh ha hc xy ra. b/ Tnh thnh phn % theo khi lng mi cht trong hn hp A. Gii C2H4 + Br2 C2H4Br2 71 y y C2H2 + 2Br2 C2H2Br4 z 2z
Hot ng 4: GV: Chp ln bng, yu cu HS chp vo v. Bi 3: Cho 21,4 gam hn hp kh A gm metan, etilen, axetilen qua dung dch brom, thy c 112 gam brom tham gia phn ng. Mt khc, nu cho 21,4 gam kh A trn qua dung dch bc nitrat trong amoniac thy c 24 gam kt ta. a/ Vit cc phng trnh ha hc xy ra. b/ Tnh thnh phn % theo khi lng mi cht V Quc hp Gio Vin : trong hnSanh A. HS: Chp
Trng THPT Quang Trung Bm st chng trnh chun Hot ng 5: Cng c - dn d * Cng c: Nhc li cch nhn bit, iu ch, hon thnh s phn ng, gii cc bi ton hn hp * Dn d: Chun b bi: n tp bi chun b thi hc k II
72

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Trng THPT Quang Trung

Bm st chng trnh chun

HS: Ln bng trnh by

Hot ng 2: GV: Chp ln bng

Trng THPT Quang Trung

Al + 4HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O

Bm st chng trnh chun

Fe + H2SO4 () Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + H2O

t Fe2(SO4)3 +3SO2 + 6H2O

Gio Vin : V Quc Sanh

Trng THPT Quang Trung

Bm st chng trnh chun

BI TP S IN LI AXIT, BAZ V MUI

Trng THPT Quang Trung

Bm st chng trnh chun

Bi 4: Da vo thuyt Arniut. Gii thch NH3 l mt baz.

Hot ng 6: Cng c - dn d * Cng c: - Theo thuyt Arniut, cht no di y l axit?

Trng THPT Quang Trung

Bm st chng trnh chun

Gii: a/ pH = 2 [H+] = 10-2 = 0,01M H2SO4 2 H+ + SO 2 4

Trng THPT Quang Trung

Bm st chng trnh chun

Hot ng 5: Cng c - dn d * Cng c: pH ca dd CH3COOH 0,1M phi A. nh hn 1

Trng THPT Quang Trung

Bm st chng trnh chun

B. ln hn 1 nhng nh hn 7 C. bng 7 D. ln hn 7 * Dn d: Chun b bi phn ng trao i ion trong dd cht in li

Tit 4: BI TP PHN NG TRAO I ION TRONG DUNG DCH CC CHT IN LI

Bi 2: a/ MgCO3 + ? MgCl2 + ?. b/ Fe2(SO4)3 + ? K2SO4 + ?

Trng THPT Quang Trung

Bm st chng trnh chun

a/ MgCO3 + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2O + CO2 b/ Fe2(SO4)3 + 6KOH 3K2SO4 + Fe(OH)3

BaSO4 + 2HCl + 2H2O (1)

1,864 = 0,008(mol ) 233

Theo phng trnh (1) s mol BaSO4 = s mol BaCl2.xH2O

Trng THPT Quang Trung

Bm st chng trnh chun

HS: Nghe ging v hiu

Tit 5: BI TP TNG KT CHNG S IN LI

Trng THPT Quang Trung

Bm st chng trnh chun

Trng THPT Quang Trung

Bm st chng trnh chun

HS: Nghe ging v hiu

I. Mc tiu: HS vn dng c kin thc hc gii bi tp II. Trng tm:

Trng THPT Quang Trung

Bm st chng trnh chun

nRT 0,75.0,082(25 + 273) = = 1,83( atm) V 10

Trng THPT Quang Trung

Bm st chng trnh chun

HS: Ln bng trnh by GV: Gi HS nhn xt

3,2 0,01 = 0,03(mol ) 80

Theo (1), s mol N2=

Trng THPT Quang Trung

Bm st chng trnh chun

Trng THPT Quang Trung

Bm st chng trnh chun

Cu + 4HNO3 c Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2 H2O (1)

Tit 8: BI TP MUI NITRAT

Trng THPT Quang Trung

Bm st chng trnh chun ( Cc kh ny hp th vo nc) T (3) ta c : n HNO3 = n NO2 = 0,2(mol )

0,5 .4 = 1(mol ) 2 0,5 = . = 0,25(mol ) 2

BI TP. AXIT PHOTPHORIC V MUI PHOTPHAT

GV: Gi HS nhn xt, ghi im