CNG N TP MN VT LIU XY DNG

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CHNG 1. CC TNH CHT CH YU CA VT LIU XY DNG Xem SGK CHNG 2. VT LIU THIN NHIN

Cu 1. Th no l thin nhin? Vt liu thin nhin? u nhc im? thin nhin l mt khi v c bao gm 1 hay nhiu khong vt khc nhau. thin nhin to nn v Tri t. Vt liu thin nhin l sn phm c khai thc v gia cng t thin nhin bng phng php gia cng c hc (n mn, p, nghin, ca, c, chm, mi, nh bng,). u im : o Cng chu nn v cng cao o Bn vng trong mi trng s dng o Dng trang tr o Gi thnh h, tn dng c ngun nguyn liu a phng Nhc im : o Rt cng nn kh khai thc v gia cng o Khi lng th tch o ln cng trnh nng. o H s truyn nhit ln nn khng c kh nng cch nhit cao o Tn km, kh vn chuyn Cu 2. K tn 5 loi thin nhin dng trong xy dng. xanh ( dm) : ct liu cho b ton hoa cng : p lt tng Ct, si : ct liu cho b ton thch cao : cht kt dnh vi : ch to clinker

Cu 3. magma. c to thnh do s ngui lnh ca nhng khi magma nng chy chnh l nhng khi silicate nng chy nhit 1000-1300oC. magma gm 3 loi :

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o Magma xm nhp : l loi do magma xm nhp vo cc tng v Tri t (cch ly kh quyn) chu p lc ln hn ca cc tng lp bn trn ngui dn m thnh. c cu trc tinh th ln, c chc, cng cao, t ht nc. V d : granit, diorit, gabbros o Magma phn xut cht ch : l loi do magma phun ra trn mt t, tip xc vi khng kh, iu kin p sut v nhit thp, ngui lnh nhanh m sinh ra. Do ngui lnh nhanh trn mt t, magma khng kp kt tinh nn c th to ra nhng tinh th rt nh, dng n tinh hoc thy tinh ni la cn phn ln i b phn tn ti dng v nh hnh, cc cht kh v hi nc khng kp thot ra, li nhiu l rng nn nh xp V d : diabases, bazaltes, andesites. o Magma phn xut ri rc : phn magma b phun ln cao, bay xa, ngui nhanh, hi nc khng thot ra nhiu nn c kt cu rng vn, l dng magma phn xut ri rc. V d : tro, tufs ni la, tufs dung nham. Cu 4. trm tch. Do cc khong cht lng ng hay kt ta trong nc, tch ly thnh khi m thnh. trm tch c cc c tnh chung l c tnh phn lp r rt, c chiu dy, mu sc, thnh phn, ln ht, cng, ca cc lp khc nhau. trm tch c chia lm 3 loi : o Trm tch c hc : do sn phm vn nt sinh ra trong qu trnh phong ha cc loi trc tch t li m thnh c loi ri rc nh si, ct, hoc gn kt nhau nh dm kt, cu kt o Trm tch ha hc : to thnh do cc khong cht ha tan trong nc kt ta ri gn kt li, nh vi dolomit, thch cao, alhydrit o Trm tch hu c : to thnh do s tch t xc v c ca cc loi ng thc vt sng trong nc bin, nc ngt, nh vi v s, phn, diatomit (Ph gia hot tnh, nghin vi clinker) Cu 5. bin cht. bin cht l cc loi magma v trm tch b bin cht khi gp p sut v nhit cao. Gm 2 loi : o Bin cht khu vc : khi mt vng t no b ln xung, nhng lp hnh thnh trc b ln su hn, bn trn l nhng lp trm tch mi tch t dn, lu ngy to nn mt p lc ln p ln nhng lp di lm chng b bin cht. Loi ny c tch phn phin V d : g nai (Gneiss), dip thch st.
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nh :

o Bin cht tip xc : c to thnh t trm tch b bin cht do tc dng ca nhit cao. Khi gp magma xm nhp, trm tch tip xc vi magma b nung nng v thay i tnh cht. V d : hoa, thch anh. Cu 6. Nguyn nhn ph hoi? V bin php bo v vt liu thin nhin? Nguyn nhn ph hoi : ch yu l do nc v bi. o Do tc dng ha l ca mi trng ha tan l nc. c bit trong nc c CO2 v acid th gy ph hoi nhanh chng i vi vi. o Do s gin n nhit khng u nhau ca cc khong vt to khi nhit thay i. o Do s tc ng ca acid hu c ln b mt ca vt liu (bi v c, hu c + m vi khun tit ra acid hu c) gy ra ph hoi cu trc ca . o Do cu trc bn thn (phn lp, nt n,) Bin php bo v : phi loi tr kh nng xm nhp ca nc trong mi trng vo vt liu bng cch : o Flourua ha b mt vi to 1 lp khong khng ha tan (CaF2, MgF2) v cc kt ta khc lp kn cc l rng, lm tng tnh chng thm ca . 2CaCO3 + MgSiF6 2CaF2 + SiO2 + MgF2 + 2CO2 o Ph ln b mt vt liu thin nhin mt lp nha thng, parafin, hoc gudron. o Tm n su 1cm bng du gai nng ngn tc dng ph hoi ca acid carbonic H2CO3. o Gia cng b mt vt liu thin nhin tht phng hi nc thot nhanh khng ng li trn b mt

VT LIU XY DNG B&E

CHNG 3. VT LIU GM XY DNG Cu 1. Vt liu gm xy dng l g? u im? Nhc im? Vt liu gm xy dng l vt liu nhn to c sn xut t nguyn liu chnh l t st bng cch to hnh v nung nhit cao. Trong qu trnh nung, tnh cht ha l ca t st b bin i nn sn phm c nhng tnh cht khc so vi nguyn liu ban u (do cng gin). - u : o Bn v tui th cao o Nh o Cng ngh sn xut n gin o S dng nguyn liu a phng gi thnh thp o Sn phm a dng theo yu cu s dng v yu cu thm m - Nhc : o Gin, d v o Sn xut gy nhim mi trng o Sn xut vt liu gm thu hp din tch t nng nghip. Cu 2. Phn loi. (trang 24) Cu 3. Nguyn liu ch to (trang 25) Cu 4. Phng php nng cao do ca t st (trang 27) Cu 5. Mu sc ca t st khi nung (trang 27) Cu 6. S bin i ha l ca t st (trang 27) Cu 7. Nhit ca t st khi nung (trang 27) Cu 8. Sn phm mc l g? (trang 29) Cu 9. u nhc ca ngi? (trang 34) Cu 10. Gch c bit (xem thm SGK) -

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CHNG 4. CHT KT DNH V C Cu 1. Khi nim, phn loi (trang 38) Cu 2. Nu cng dng ca thch cao (trang 39) v s Cu 3. Qu trnh ninh kt, qu trnh rn chc l g? (trang 40) Cu 4. Qu trnh rn chc ca thch cao gm bao nhiu thi k? (trang 40). Cu 5. Thi gian ninh kt l g? (trang 40+41) Cu 6. c sch trang 41 45 Cu 7. Trnh by qu trnh rn chc ca vi ti (trang 46) Cu 8. V sao vi hydrat ng rn rt chm (trang 46) Cu 9. V sao ngi ta phi trn ct vo vi (trang 46) Cu 10. Trnh by qu trnh rn chc ca vi sng Cu 11. Bo qun Cu 12. c thm vi thy trang 47 Cu 13. nh ngha v nu u im xi mng portland (trang 49) Cu 14. Nguyn liu ch to XM (trang 49) Cu 15. Thnh phn ha ca XM? (trang 49) Cu 16. Thnh phn khong ca XM (trang 50+51) Cu 17. Tc dng ca thnh phn khong vt (trang 51) Cu 18. Qui trnh cng ngh sn xut XM, v s . Cu 19. Trnh by qu trnh rn chc ca XM (trang 59+60) Cu 20. Lng nc tiu chun (trang 61) Cu 21. Thi gian ninh kt (trang 61+62) Cu 22. Cng XM (trang 64) Cu 23. Nguyn nhn n mn v bin php bo v (trang 64 67). c thm cng dng v bo qun

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CHNG 5. BTON Cu 1. Khi nim? u im? (trang 69) Cu 2. Phn loi (trang 69 + 70) Cu 3. Nguyn liu ch to Bton Cu 4. Tnh do (trang 77) Cu 5. Phng php xc nh do? v hnh? (trang 78) Cu 6. u khuyt im ca BT cng so vi BT do (trang 79) Cu 7. Cc yu t nh hng n do trang 7981 Cu 8. Cng (trang 83) Cu 9. Cc yu t nh hng trang 84 86 c 87 88 Cu 10. Cc iu kin cn bit trc khi tnh cp phi Bton (trang 89) BI TON CP PHI

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